1
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McManus RM, Latz E. NLRP3 inflammasome signalling in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2024; 252:109941. [PMID: 38565393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Every year, 10 million people develop dementia, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, there is no way to prevent cognitive decline and therapies are limited. This review provides a neuroimmunological perspective on the progression of AD, and discusses the immune-targeted therapies that are in preclinical and clinical trials that may impact the development of this disease. Specifically, we look to the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, its triggers in the brain and how its activation can contribute to the progression of dementia. We summarise the range of inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream pathways that are under investigation, and discuss future therapeutic perspectives for this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín M McManus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Abstract
Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are genetically programmed cell death mechanisms that eliminate obsolete, damaged, infected, and self-reactive cells. Apoptosis fragments cells in a manner that limits immune cell activation, whereas the lytic death programs of necroptosis and pyroptosis release proinflammatory intracellular contents. Apoptosis fine-tunes tissue architecture during mammalian development, promotes tissue homeostasis, and is crucial for averting cancer and autoimmunity. All three cell death mechanisms are deployed to thwart the spread of pathogens. Disabling regulators of cell death signaling in mice has revealed how excessive cell death can fuel acute or chronic inflammation. Here we review strategies for modulating cell death in the context of disease. For example, BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, an inducer of apoptosis, is approved for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies. By contrast, inhibition of RIPK1, NLRP3, GSDMD, or NINJ1 to limit proinflammatory cell death and/or the release of large proinflammatory molecules from dying cells may benefit patients with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Pathology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA;
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3
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Vande Walle L, Lamkanfi M. Drugging the NLRP3 inflammasome: from signalling mechanisms to therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:43-66. [PMID: 38030687 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diseases associated with chronic inflammation constitute a major health burden across the world. As central instigators of the inflammatory response to infection and tissue damage, inflammasomes - and the NACHT, LRR and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in particular - have emerged as key regulators in diverse rheumatic, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Similarly to other inflammasome sensors, NLRP3 assembles a cytosolic innate immune complex that activates the cysteine protease caspase-1, which in turn cleaves gasdermin D (GSDMD) to induce pyroptosis, a regulated mode of lytic cell death. Pyroptosis is highly inflammatory, partly because of the concomitant extracellular release of the inflammasome-dependent cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 along with a myriad of additional danger signals and intracellular antigens. Here, we discuss how NLRP3 and downstream inflammasome effectors such as GSDMD, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and nerve injury-induced protein 1 (NINJ1) have gained significant traction as therapeutic targets. We highlight the recent progress in developing small-molecule and biologic inhibitors that are advancing into the clinic and serving to harness the broad therapeutic potential of modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Vande Walle
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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Hurtado-Navarro L, Cuenca-Zamora EJ, Zamora L, Bellosillo B, Such E, Soler-Espejo E, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Hernández-Rivas JM, Marco-Ayala J, Martínez-Alarcón L, Linares-Latorre L, García-Ávila S, Amat-Martínez P, González T, Arnan M, Pomares-Marín H, Carreño-Tarragona G, Chen-Liang TH, Herranz MT, García-Palenciano C, Morales ML, Jerez A, Lozano ML, Teruel-Montoya R, Pelegrín P, Ferrer-Marín F. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and symptom burden in KRAS-mutated CMML patients is reverted by IL-1 blocking therapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101329. [PMID: 38118408 PMCID: PMC10772462 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is frequently associated with mutations in the rat sarcoma gene (RAS), leading to worse prognosis. RAS mutations result in active RAS-GTP proteins, favoring myeloid cell proliferation and survival and inducing the NLRP3 inflammasome together with the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), which promote caspase-1 activation and interleukin (IL)-1β release. Here, we report, in a cohort of CMML patients with mutations in KRAS, a constitutive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes, evidenced by ASC oligomerization and IL-1β release, as well as a specific inflammatory cytokine signature. Treatment of a CMML patient with a KRASG12D mutation using the IL-1 receptor blocker anakinra inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduces monocyte count, and improves the patient's clinical status, enabling a stem cell transplant. This reveals a basal inflammasome activation in RAS-mutated CMML patients and suggests potential therapeutic applications of NLRP3 and IL-1 blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto José Cuenca-Zamora
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales-Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain; CIBERER CB15/00055 (U765), Murcia, Spain
| | - Lurdes Zamora
- Myeloid Neoplasms Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital Del Mar, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esperanza Such
- Hematology Department, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Soler-Espejo
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales-Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain; Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Rivas
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Marco-Ayala
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales-Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lola Linares-Latorre
- Service of Clinical Analysis and Microbiology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara García-Ávila
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Amat-Martínez
- Hematology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa González
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arnan
- Hematology Department, Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO)-Hospital Duran I Reynals, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Pomares-Marín
- Hematology Department, Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO)-Hospital Duran I Reynals, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Tzu Hua Chen-Liang
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales-Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
| | - María T Herranz
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Palenciano
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Luz Morales
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales-Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrés Jerez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales-Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain; CIBERER CB15/00055 (U765), Murcia, Spain
| | - María L Lozano
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales-Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain; CIBERER CB15/00055 (U765), Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Teruel-Montoya
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales-Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain; CIBERER CB15/00055 (U765), Murcia, Spain; Universidad Católica San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Ferrer-Marín
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales-Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain; CIBERER CB15/00055 (U765), Murcia, Spain; Universidad Católica San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
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5
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Yarovinsky TO, Su M, Chen C, Xiang Y, Tang WH, Hwa J. Pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: Pumping gasdermin on the fire. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101809. [PMID: 37478801 PMCID: PMC10528349 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death associated with activation of inflammasomes and inflammatory caspases, proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin proteins (forming pores in the plasma membrane), and selective release of proinflammatory mediators. Induction of pyroptosis results in amplification of inflammation, contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and acute cardiovascular events, such as thrombosis and myocardial infarction. While engagement of pyroptosis during sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and septic shock is expected and well documented, we are just beginning to understand pyroptosis involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases with less defined inflammatory components, such as atrial fibrillation. Due to the danger that pyroptosis represents to cells within the cardiovascular system and the whole organism, multiple levels of pyroptosis regulation have evolved. Those include regulation of inflammasome priming, post-translational modifications of gasdermins, and cellular mechanisms for pore removal. While pyroptosis in macrophages is well characterized as a dramatic pro-inflammatory process, pyroptosis in other cell types within the cardiovascular system displays variable pathways and consequences. Furthermore, different cells and organs engage in local and distant crosstalk and exchange of pyroptosis triggers (oxidized mitochondrial DNA), mediators (IL-1β, S100A8/A9) and antagonists (IL-9). Development of genetic tools, such as Gasdermin D knockout animals, and small molecule inhibitors of pyroptosis will not only help us fully understand the role of pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases but may result in novel therapeutic approaches inhibiting inflammation and progression of chronic cardiovascular diseases to reduce morbidity and mortality from acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Yarovinsky
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meiling Su
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaofei Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaozu Xiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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6
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Li J, Wang H. Selective organ targeting nanoparticles: from design to clinical translation. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1155-1173. [PMID: 37427677 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00145h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeting nanoparticle is a very promising therapeutic approach that can precisely target specific sites to treat diseases. Research on nanoscale drug delivery systems has made great progress in the past few years, making targeting nanoparticles a promising prospect. However, selective targeting nanoparticles designed for specific organs still face several challenges, one of which is the unknown fate of nanoparticles in vivo. This review starts with the in vivo journey of nanoparticles and describes the biological barriers and some targeting strategies for nanoparticles to target specific organs. Then, through the collection of literature in recent years, the design of selective targeting nanoparticles for various organs is illustrated, which provides a reference strategy for people to study the design of selective organ targeting nanoparticles. Ultimately, the prospect and challenge of selective organ targeting nanoparticles are discussed by collecting the data of clinical trials and marketed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Martín-Sánchez F, Compan V, Peñín-Franch A, Tapia-Abellán A, Gómez AI, Baños-Gregori MC, Schmidt FI, Pelegrin P. ASC oligomer favors caspase-1CARD domain recruitment after intracellular potassium efflux. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202003053. [PMID: 37402211 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the inflammasome is important for the inflammatory response. Low concentrations of intracellular K+ are associated with the specific oligomerization and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a type of inflammasome involved in sterile inflammation. After NLRP3 oligomerization, ASC protein binds and forms oligomeric filaments that culminate in large protein complexes named ASC specks. ASC specks are also initiated from different inflammasome scaffolds, such as AIM2, NLRC4, or Pyrin. ASC oligomers recruit caspase-1 and then induce its activation through interactions between their respective caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARD). So far, ASC oligomerization and caspase-1 activation are K+-independent processes. Here, we found that when there is low intracellular K+, ASC oligomers change their structure independently of NLRP3 and make the ASCCARD domain more accessible for the recruitment of the pro-caspase-1CARD domain. Therefore, conditions that decrease intracellular K+ not only drive NLRP3 responses but also enhance the recruitment of the pro-caspase-1 CARD domain into the ASC specks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Martín-Sánchez
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB) , Murcia, Spain
| | - Vincent Compan
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics (Labex ICST) , Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Alejandro Peñín-Franch
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB) , Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Tapia-Abellán
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB) , Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana I Gómez
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB) , Murcia, Spain
| | - María C Baños-Gregori
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB) , Murcia, Spain
| | - Florian I Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Pablo Pelegrin
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB) , Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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8
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Devant P, Kagan JC. Molecular mechanisms of gasdermin D pore-forming activity. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01526-w. [PMID: 37277654 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulated disruption of the plasma membrane, which can promote cell death, cytokine secretion or both is central to organismal health. The protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a key player in this process. GSDMD forms membrane pores that can promote cytolysis and the release of interleukin-1 family cytokines into the extracellular space. Recent discoveries have revealed biochemical and cell biological mechanisms that control GSDMD pore-forming activity and its diverse downstream immunological effects. Here, we review these multifaceted regulatory activities, including mechanisms of GSDMD activation by proteolytic cleavage, dynamics of pore assembly, regulation of GSDMD activities by posttranslational modifications, membrane repair and the interplay of GSDMD and mitochondria. We also address recent insights into the evolution of the gasdermin family and their activities in species across the kingdoms of life. In doing so, we hope to condense recent progress and inform future studies in this rapidly moving field in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Devant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Maali A, Gholizadeh M, Feghhi-Najafabadi S, Noei A, Seyed-Motahari SS, Mansoori S, Sharifzadeh Z. Nanobodies in cell-mediated immunotherapy: On the road to fight cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1012841. [PMID: 36761751 PMCID: PMC9905824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1012841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is essential in recognizing and eliminating tumor cells. The unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as heterogeneity, reduced blood flow, hypoxia, and acidity, can reduce the efficacy of cell-mediated immunity. The primary goal of cancer immunotherapy is to modify the immune cells or the TME to enable the immune system to eliminate malignancies successfully. Nanobodies, known as single-domain antibodies, are light chain-free antibody fragments produced from Camelidae antibodies. The unique properties of nanobodies, including high stability, reduced immunogenicity, enhanced infiltration into the TME of solid tumors and facile genetic engineering have led to their promising application in cell-mediated immunotherapy. They can promote the cancer therapy either directly by bridging between tumor cells and immune cells and by targeting cancer cells using immune cell-bound nanobodies or indirectly by blocking the inhibitory ligands/receptors. The T-cell activation can be engaged through anti-CD3 and anti-4-1BB nanobodies in the bispecific (bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs)) and trispecific (trispecific T-cell engager (TriTEs)) manners. Also, nanobodies can be used as natural killer (NK) cell engagers (BiKEs, TriKEs, and TetraKEs) to create an immune synapse between the tumor and NK cells. Nanobodies can redirect immune cells to attack tumor cells through a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) incorporating a nanobody against the target antigen. Various cancer antigens have been targeted by nanobody-based CAR-T and CAR-NK cells for treating both hematological and solid malignancies. They can also cause the continuation of immune surveillance against tumor cells by stopping inappropriate inhibition of immune checkpoints. Other roles of nanobodies in cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy include reprogramming macrophages to reduce metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as preventing the severe side effects occurring in cell-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we highlight the critical functions of various immune cells, including T cells, NK cells, and macrophages in the TME, and discuss newly developed immunotherapy methods based on the targeted manipulation of immune cells and TME with nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Monireh Gholizadeh
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Noei
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sheila Seyed-Motahari
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Zahra Sharifzadeh,
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10
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Li Y, Jiang Q. Uncoupled pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion downstream of inflammasome signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128358. [PMID: 37090724 PMCID: PMC10117957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are supramolecular platforms that organize in response to various damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Upon activation, inflammasome sensors (with or without the help of ASC) activate caspase-1 and other inflammatory caspases that cleave gasdermin D and pro-IL-1β/pro-IL-18, leading to pyroptosis and mature cytokine secretion. Pyroptosis enables intracellular pathogen niche disruption and intracellular content release at the cost of cell death, inducing pro-inflammatory responses in the neighboring cells. IL-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory regulator for neutrophil recruitment, macrophage activation, and T-cell expansion. Thus, pyroptosis and cytokine secretion are the two main mechanisms that occur downstream of inflammasome signaling; they maintain homeostasis, drive the innate immune response, and shape adaptive immunity. This review aims to discuss the possible mechanisms, timing, consequences, and significance of the two uncoupling preferences downstream of inflammasome signaling. While pyroptosis and cytokine secretion may be usually coupled, pyroptosis-predominant and cytokine-predominant uncoupling are also observed in a stimulus-, cell type-, or context-dependent manner, contributing to the pathogenesis and development of numerous pathological conditions such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, LPS-induced sepsis, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Hyperactive cells consistently release IL-1β without LDH leakage and pyroptotic death, thereby leading to prolonged inflammation, expanding the lifespans of pyroptosis-resistant neutrophils, and hyperactivating stimuli-challenged macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, and specific nonimmune cells. Death inflammasome activation also induces GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis with no IL-1β secretion, which may increase lethality in vivo. The sublytic GSDMD pore formation associated with lower expressions of pyroptotic components, GSDMD-mediated extracellular vesicles, or other GSDMD-independent pathways that involve unconventional secretion could contribute to the cytokine-predominant uncoupling; the regulation of caspase-1 dynamics, which may generate various active species with different activities in terms of GSDMD or pro-IL-1β, could lead to pyroptosis-predominant uncoupling. These uncoupling preferences enable precise reactions to different stimuli of different intensities under specific conditions at the single-cell level, promoting cooperative cell and host fate decisions and participating in the pathogen "game". Appropriate decisions in terms of coupling and uncoupling are required to heal tissues and eliminate threats, and further studies exploring the inflammasome tilt toward pyroptosis or cytokine secretion may be helpful.
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11
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Jenster L, Ribeiro LS, Franklin BS, Bertheloot D. Measuring NLR Oligomerization II: Detection of ASC Speck Formation by Confocal Microscopy and Immunofluorescence. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2696:73-92. [PMID: 37578716 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3350-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are crucial sentinels of the innate immune system that sense clues of infection, cellular stress, or metabolic imbalances. Upon activation, the inflammasome sensor (e.g., NLRP3) recruits the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). ASC rapidly oligomerizes to form a micron-sized structure termed "ASC speck." These are crucial for the activation of caspase-1 and downstream inflammatory signals released following a specific form of lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Hence, due to their considerably large size, ASC specks can be easily visualized by microscopy as a simple upstream readout for inflammasome activation. Here, we provide three detailed protocols for imaging ASC specks: (1) live-cell imaging of macrophage cell lines expressing a fluorescent protein fusion form of ASC, (2) imaging of human primary cells using immunofluorescence staining of endogenous ASC, and (3) visualization and quantification of specks on a single-cell level using imaging flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Jenster
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lucas S Ribeiro
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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12
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Zhang RN, Sun ZJ, Zhang L. Pyroptosis in inflammatory bone diseases: Molecular insights and targeting strategies. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22670. [PMID: 36412502 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201229r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bone diseases include osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can cause severe bone damage in a chronic inflammation state, putting tremendous pressure on the patients' families and government agencies regarding medical costs. In addition, the complexity of osteoimmunology makes research on these diseases difficult. Hence, it is urgent to determine the potential mechanisms and find effective drugs to target inflammatory bone diseases to reduce the negative effects of these diseases. Recently, pyroptosis, a gasdermin-induced necrotic cell death featuring secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lysis, has become widely known. Based on the effect of pyroptosis on immunity, this process has gradually emerged as a vital component in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bone diseases. Herein, we review the characteristics and mechanisms of pyroptosis and then focus on its clinical significance in inflammatory bone diseases. In addition, we summarize the current research progress of drugs targeting pyroptosis to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of inflammatory bone diseases and provide new insights for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Nan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Sušjan-Leite P, Ramuta TŽ, Boršić E, Orehek S, Hafner-Bratkovič I. Supramolecular organizing centers at the interface of inflammation and neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940969. [PMID: 35979366 PMCID: PMC9377691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involves the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. These deposits are both directly toxic to neurons, invoking loss of cell connectivity and cell death, and recognized by innate sensors that upon activation release neurotoxic cytokines, chemokines, and various reactive species. This neuroinflammation is propagated through signaling cascades where activated sensors/receptors, adaptors, and effectors associate into multiprotein complexes known as supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the SMOCs, involved in neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, such as myddosomes, inflammasomes, and necrosomes, their assembly, and evidence for their involvement in common neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss the multifaceted role of neuroinflammation in the progression of neurodegeneration. Recent progress in the understanding of particular SMOC participation in common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease offers novel therapeutic strategies for currently absent disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sušjan-Leite
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elvira Boršić
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Orehek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Adriouch S, Pelegrin P. ASC nanobodies to counteract the consequences of inflammasome activation. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e16087. [PMID: 35574976 PMCID: PMC9174878 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that signal by oligomerizing the apoptosis speck‐like protein with caspase recruitment and activator domain (ASC) and are involved in multiple inflammatory, metabolic and degenerative diseases. Pharmacological targeting of specific inflammasomes with small molecules is leading to the development of novel drugs for most common diseases. The targeting of ASC oligomers will result in a pan‐inflammasome treatment. In their study, Bertheloot et al (2022) developed specific anti‐ASC nanobodies and showed their efficacy to disaggregate already formed ASC oligomers and to treat inflammatory diseases in animal models. This approach represents a novel biologic‐based treatment for inflammasomes‐initiated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Adriouch
- UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234 (PANTHER), Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Pablo Pelegrin
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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15
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The Role of Inflammasomes in Osteoarthritis and Secondary Joint Degeneration Diseases. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050731. [PMID: 35629398 PMCID: PMC9146751 DOI: 10.3390/life12050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is age-related and the most common form of arthritis. The main characteristics of the disease are progressive loss of cartilage and secondary synovial inflammation, which finally result in pain, joint stiffness, and functional disability. Similarly, joint degeneration is characteristic of systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout, with the associated secondary type of osteoarthritis. Studies suggest that inflammation importantly contributes to the progression of the disease. Particularly, cytokines TNFα and IL-1β drive catabolic signaling in affected joints. IL-1β is a product of inflammasome activation. Inflammasomes are inflammatory multiprotein complexes that propagate inflammation in various autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions through cell death and the release of inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecule patterns. In this article, we review genetic, marker, and animal studies that establish inflammasomes as important drivers of secondary arthritis and discuss the current evidence for inflammasome involvement in primary osteoarthritis. The NLRP3 inflammasome has a significant role in the development of secondary osteoarthritis, and several studies have provided evidence of its role in the development of primary osteoarthritis, while other inflammasomes cannot be excluded. Inflammasome-targeted therapeutic options might thus provide a promising strategy to tackle these debilitating diseases.
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