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Barut Z, Aslan M, Çırçırlı B, Çeker T, Yılmaz Ç. Antiproliferative Effect of 7-Ketositosterol in Breast and Liver Cancer Cells: Possible Impact on Ceramide, Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases, and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:860. [PMID: 39065711 PMCID: PMC11279788 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of 7-Ketositosterol (7-KSS), on sphingomyelin/ceramide metabolites and apoptosis in human breast MCF-7 and human liver HepG2 cancer cells. Methods: Anti-proliferative effects of 7-KSS treatment were assessed at different concentrations and periods. Cell viability was assessed through MTT analysis, whereas the levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), sphingomyelins (SMs), and ceramides (CERs) were measured using LC-MS/MS. Phosphorylated 44/42 ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65 (Ser536) protein levels were measured by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining and flow cytometric assessment of annexin-V and propidium iodide (PI) labeling. Results: Treatment with 7-KSS significantly decreased cell survival and S1P, p-44/42 ERK1/2, and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels in cancer cells compared to controls. A substantial rise was detected in intracellular amounts of C16-C24 CERs and apoptosis in cancer cells incubated with 7-KSS. Conclusions: 7-KSS stimulated ceramide accumulation and apoptosis while decreasing cell proliferation via downregulating S1P, p-44/42 ERK1/2, and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Barut
- Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Antalya, Turkey;
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey; (T.Ç.); (Ç.Y.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey;
| | - Bürke Çırçırlı
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey;
| | - Tuğçe Çeker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey; (T.Ç.); (Ç.Y.)
| | - Çağatay Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey; (T.Ç.); (Ç.Y.)
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2
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Erba F, Mei G, Minicozzi V, Sabatucci A, Di Venere A, Maccarrone M. Conformational Dynamics of Lipoxygenases and Their Interaction with Biological Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2241. [PMID: 38396917 PMCID: PMC10889196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of enzymes that includes different fatty acid oxygenases with a common tridimensional structure. The main functions of LOXs are the production of signaling compounds and the structural modifications of biological membranes. These features of LOXs, their widespread presence in all living organisms, and their involvement in human diseases have attracted the attention of the scientific community over the last decades, leading to several studies mainly focused on understanding their catalytic mechanism and designing effective inhibitors. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of a different, much less explored aspect of LOXs, that is, their interaction with lipid bilayers. To this end, the general architecture of six relevant LOXs (namely human 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX, rabbit 12/15-LOX, coral 8-LOX, and soybean 15-LOX), with different specificity towards the fatty acid substrates, is analyzed through the available crystallographic models. Then, their putative interface with a model membrane is examined in the frame of the conformational flexibility of LOXs, that is due to their peculiar tertiary structure. Finally, the possible future developments that emerge from the available data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Erba
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Mei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics and INFN, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annalaura Sabatucci
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Almerinda Di Venere
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Caliskan M, Poschmann G, Gudzuhn M, Waldera-Lupa D, Molitor R, Strunk CH, Streit WR, Jaeger KE, Stühler K, Kovacic F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa responds to altered membrane phospholipid composition by adjusting the production of two-component systems, proteases and iron uptake proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159317. [PMID: 37054907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane protein and phospholipid (PL) composition changes in response to environmental cues and during infections. To achieve these, bacteria use adaptation mechanisms involving covalent modification and remodelling of the acyl chain length of PLs. However, little is known about bacterial pathways regulated by PLs. Here, we investigated proteomic changes in the biofilm of P. aeruginosa phospholipase mutant (∆plaF) with altered membrane PL composition. The results revealed profound alterations in the abundance of many biofilm-related two-component systems (TCSs), including accumulation of PprAB, a key regulator of the transition to biofilm. Furthermore, a unique phosphorylation pattern of transcriptional regulators, transporters and metabolic enzymes, as well as differential production of several proteases, in ∆plaF, indicate that PlaF-mediated virulence adaptation involves complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional response. Moreover, proteomics and biochemical assays revealed the depletion of pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake pathway proteins in ∆plaF, while proteins from alternative iron-uptake systems were accumulated. These suggest that PlaF may function as a switch between different iron-acquisition pathways. The observation that PL-acyl chain modifying and PL synthesis enzymes were overproduced in ∆plaF reveals the interconnection of degradation, synthesis and modification of PLs for proper membrane homeostasis. Although the precise mechanism by which PlaF simultaneously affects multiple pathways remains to be elucidated, we suggest that alteration of PL composition in ∆plaF plays a role for the global adaptive response in P. aeruginosa mediated by TCSs and proteases. Our study revealed the global regulation of virulence and biofilm by PlaF and suggests that targeting this enzyme may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttalip Caliskan
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirja Gudzuhn
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Waldera-Lupa
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecka Molitor
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Filip Kovacic
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany.
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Angelucci CB, Sabatucci A, Bernardo AL, Kurtz A, Oddi S, Dainese E. Measuring Endocannabinoid System Interaction with Biomembranes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:425-436. [PMID: 36152207 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the correct interaction among the different components of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is fundamental for a proper assessment of the function of eCBs as signaling molecules. The knowledge of how the membrane environment modulates the intracellular trafficking of the eCB system and its interacting proteins holds a huge potential in unraveling new mechanisms of its modulation. This chapter deals with the application of fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique to measure the binding affinity of eCB proteins to model membranes (i.e., large unilamellar vesicles, LUVs). In particular, we describe in detail the paradigmatic example of the interaction of rat recombinant fatty acid amide hydrolase with LUVs constituted of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalaura Sabatucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ana Lia Bernardo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alexandrine Kurtz
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Sergio Oddi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
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Structural and functional evaluation mammalian and plant lipoxygenases upon association with nanodics as membrane mimetics. Biophys Chem 2022; 288:106855. [PMID: 35849958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) are a family lipid oxygenating enzymes that can generate bioactive lipids of clinical relevance from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most LOXs display a Ca2+-dependent association with membranes for their activity. Nanodiscs (ND) are stable self-assembled discoidal fragments of lipid bilayers that can mimic the plasma membrane. In this study, we evaluated the association of mammalian 15-LOXs (ALOX15 and ALOX15B) and soybean LOX-1 with NDs (LOX-ND), their enzymatic activities and inhibition. Mammalian LOXs associated with NDs showed better retention of enzymatic function compared to soybean LOX-1. Treatment of both LOX-NDs and free enzymes with the pan-LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) showed an approximately 5-fold more effective inhibition of the enzymes associated with NDs compared to the free form. NDs are easy to generate membrane mimics that can be used as an effective tool to determine enzymatic function and inhibition of membrane associated proteins.
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6
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A synergy between mechanosensitive calcium- and membrane-binding mediates tension-sensing by C2-like domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2112390119. [PMID: 34969839 PMCID: PMC8740744 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112390119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell must be able to measure whether the lipid membranes that surround its insides are stretched. Currently, mechanosensitive ion channels are the best-studied class of membrane tension sensors, but recent work suggests that peripheral membrane enzymes that gauge nuclear confinement or swelling during cell migration or upon tissue injury constitute a second class. The mechanosensitivity of these enzymes derives from their calcium-dependent (“C2-like”) membrane-interaction domains. Although these can be found in many important signaling proteins, they have remained virtually unstudied as mechanotransducers. How membrane tension controls these domains and what features render them mechanosensitive is unclear. Here, we show that membrane tension-sensing by C2-like domains is mediated by a synergy between mechanosensitive calcium-binding and membrane insertion. When nuclear membranes are stretched, the peripheral membrane enzyme cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) binds via its calcium-dependent C2 domain (cPLA2-C2) and initiates bioactive lipid signaling and tissue inflammation. More than 150 C2-like domains are encoded in vertebrate genomes. How many of them are mechanosensors and quantitative relationships between tension and membrane recruitment remain unexplored, leaving a knowledge gap in the mechanotransduction field. In this study, we imaged the mechanosensitive adsorption of cPLA2 and its C2 domain to nuclear membranes and artificial lipid bilayers, comparing it to related C2-like motifs. Stretch increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of all tested domains, promoting half-maximal binding of cPLA2 at cytoplasmic resting-Ca2+ concentrations. cPLA2-C2 bound up to 50 times tighter to stretched than to unstretched membranes. Our data suggest that a synergy of mechanosensitive Ca2+ interactions and deep, hydrophobic membrane insertion enables cPLA2-C2 to detect stretched membranes with antibody-like affinity, providing a quantitative basis for understanding mechanotransduction by C2-like domains.
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Kerr D, Gong Z, Suwatthee T, Luoma A, Roy S, Scarpaci R, Hwang HL, Henderson JM, Cao KD, Bu W, Lin B, Tietjen GT, Steck TL, Adams EJ, Lee KYC. How Tim proteins differentially exploit membrane features to attain robust target sensitivity. Biophys J 2021; 120:4891-4902. [PMID: 34529946 PMCID: PMC8595564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance cells such as T cells and phagocytes utilize integral plasma membrane receptors to recognize surface signatures on triggered and activated cells such as those in apoptosis. One such family of plasma membrane sensors, the transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) proteins, specifically recognize phosphatidylserine (PS) but elicit distinct immunological responses. The molecular basis for the recognition of lipid signals on target cell surfaces is not well understood. Previous results suggest that basic side chains present at the membrane interface on the Tim proteins might facilitate association with additional anionic lipids including but not necessarily limited to PS. We, therefore, performed a comparative quantitative analysis of the binding of the murine Tim1, Tim3, and Tim4, to synthetic anionic phospholipid membranes under physiologically relevant conditions. X-ray reflectivity and vesicle binding studies were used to compare the water-soluble domain of Tim3 with results previously obtained for Tim1 and Tim4. Although a calcium link was essential for all three proteins, the three homologs differed in how they balance the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions driving membrane association. The proteins also varied in their sensing of phospholipid chain unsaturation and showed different degrees of cooperativity in their dependence on bilayer PS concentration. Surprisingly, trace amounts of anionic phosphatidic acid greatly strengthened the bilayer association of Tim3 and Tim4, but not Tim1. A novel mathematical model provided values for the binding parameters and illuminated the complex interplay among ligands. In conclusion, our results provide a quantitative description of the contrasting selectivity used by three Tim proteins in the recognition of phospholipids presented on target cell surfaces. This paradigm is generally applicable to the analysis of the binding of peripheral proteins to target membranes through the heterotropic cooperative interactions of multiple ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerr
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhiliang Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Sobhan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Renee Scarpaci
- City University of New York City College, New York, New York
| | - Hyeondo Luke Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Michael Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen D Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Bu
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Binhua Lin
- James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois; NSF's ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory T Tietjen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplant and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Theodore L Steck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin J Adams
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ka Yee C Lee
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois.
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Espinoza-Corral R, Herrera-Tequia A, Lundquist PK. Insights into topology and membrane interaction characteristics of plastoglobule-localized AtFBN1a and AtLOX2. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1945213. [PMID: 34180346 PMCID: PMC8330992 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1945213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant chloroplasts harbor ubiquitous lipid droplets called plastoglobules. While physically connected to the thylakoid membrane, they are characterized by a unique set of about 30 proteins specifically associated with the plastoglobule. How these proteins selectively target the plastoglobule remains unknown. Protease shaving assays with isolated Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid and plastoglobule show that a ca. 25 kD portion of the abundant structural protein of plastoglobules, Fibrillin 1a, is protected from protease digestion. Mapping of protease cleavage sites and experimentally identified phosphorylation sites onto a homology model of Fibrillin 1a indicates that this protected sequence corresponds to the C-terminal lipocalin-like domain, implicated in specific lipid binding. In contrast, protease shaving and membrane washing assays with another plastoglobule-associated protein harboring a C-terminal PLAT domain, Lipoxygenase 2, is consistent with an exposed PLAT domain positioned parallel with, and upon, the surface of the plastoglobule. We propose a model where conserved lipid-binding domains associate with either the surface or neutral core of the lipid droplet. Our study provides insight into the topology and membrane interactions of two plastoglobule-localized proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Andres Herrera-Tequia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Peter K. Lundquist
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- CONTACT Peter K. Lundquist Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824USA
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Zhang R, El-Mayta R, Murdoch TJ, Warzecha CC, Billingsley MM, Shepherd SJ, Gong N, Wang L, Wilson JM, Lee D, Mitchell MJ. Helper lipid structure influences protein adsorption and delivery of lipid nanoparticles to spleen and liver. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1449-1463. [PMID: 33404020 PMCID: PMC8753632 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01609h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, such as messenger RNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, and short interfering RNAs, hold great promise for treating previously 'undruggable' diseases. However, there are numerous biological barriers that hinder nucleic acid delivery to target cells and tissues. While lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been developed to protect nucleic acids from degradation and mediate their intracellular delivery, it is challenging to predict how alterations in LNP formulation parameters influence delivery to different organs. In this study, we utilized high-throughput in vivo screening to probe for structure-function relationships of intravenously administered LNPs along with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to measure the binding affinity of LNPs to apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a protein implicated in the clearance and uptake of lipoproteins by the liver. High-throughput in vivo screening of a library consisting of 96 LNPs identified several formulations containing the helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) that preferentially accumulated in the liver, while identical LNPs that substituted DOPE with the helper lipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) preferentially accumulated in the spleen. Using QCM-D, it was found that one DOPE-containing LNP formulation (LNP 42) had stronger interactions with ApoE than an identical LNP formulation that substituted DOPE with DSPC (LNP 90). In order to further validate our findings, we formulated LNP 42 and LNP 90 to encapsulate Cy3-siRNA or mRNA encoding for firefly luciferase. The DSPC-containing LNP (LNP 90) was found to increase delivery to the spleen for both siRNA (two-fold) and mRNA (five-fold). In terms of liver delivery, the DOPE-containing LNP (LNP 42) enhanced mRNA delivery to the liver by two-fold and improved liver transfection by three-fold. Understanding the role of the helper lipid in LNP biodistribution and ApoE adsorption may aid in the future design of LNPs for nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wu CH, Chen Y, Pyrshev KA, Chen YT, Zhang Z, Chang KH, Yesylevskyy SO, Demchenko AP, Chou PT. Fluorescence Probes Exhibit Photoinduced Structural Planarization: Sensing In Vitro and In Vivo Microscopic Dynamics of Viscosity Free from Polarity Interference. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1862-1873. [PMID: 32543829 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the construction of wavelength λ-ratiometric images that allow visualizing the distribution of microscopic dynamics within living cells and tissues by using the newly developed principle of fluorescence response. The bent-to-planar motion in the excited state of incorporated fluorescence probes leads to elongation of the π-delocalization, resulting in microviscosity-dependent but polarity-insensitive interplay between well-separated blue and red bands in emission spectra. This allows constructing the exceptionally contrasted images of cellular dynamics. Moreover, the application of probes with increased affinity toward biological membranes allowed detecting the differences in dynamics between the plasma membrane and intracellular membrane structures. Such λ-ratiometric microviscosity imaging was extended for mapping the living tissues and observing their inflammation-dependent changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ham Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kyrylo A. Pyrshev
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Semen O. Yesylevskyy
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Universite′ de Bourgogne Franche-Comte′, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Alexander P. Demchenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine
- Yuriy Fedkovych National University, 58012 Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Kumar RB, Purhonen P, Hebert H, Jegerschöld C. Arachidonic acid promotes the binding of 5-lipoxygenase on nanodiscs containing 5-lipoxygenase activating protein in the absence of calcium-ions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228607. [PMID: 32645009 PMCID: PMC7347166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the first steps in inflammation is the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) stored in the cell membranes into leukotrienes. This occurs mainly in leukocytes and depends on the interaction of two proteins: 5-lipoxygenase (5LO), stored away from the nuclear membranes until use and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), a transmembrane, homotrimeric protein, constitutively present in nuclear membrane. We could earlier visualize the binding of 5LO to nanodiscs in the presence of Ca2+-ions by the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on samples negatively stained by sodium phosphotungstate. In the absence of Ca2+-ions 5LO did not bind to the membrane. In the present communication, FLAP reconstituted in the nanodiscs which could be purified if the His-tag was located on the FLAP C-terminus but not the N-terminus. Our aim was to find out if 1) 5LO would bind in a Ca2+-dependent manner also when FLAP is present? 2) Would the substrate (AA) have effects on 5LO binding to FLAP-nanodiscs? TEM was used to assess the complex formation between 5LO and FLAP-nanodiscs along with, sucrose gradient purification, gel-electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. It was found that presence of AA by itself induces complex formation in the absence of added calcium. This finding corroborates that AA is necessary for the complex formation and that a Ca2+-flush is mainly needed for the recruitment of 5LO to the membrane. Our results also showed that the addition of Ca2+-ions promoted binding of 5LO on the FLAP-nanodiscs as was also the case for nanodiscs without FLAP incorporated. In the absence of added substances no 5LO-FLAP complex was formed. Another finding is that the formation of a 5LO-FLAP complex appears to induce fragmentation of 5LO in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasi Purhonen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Structural Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Structural Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Jegerschöld
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Structural Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Mostofian B, Johnson QR, Smith JC, Cheng X. Carotenoids promote lateral packing and condensation of lipid membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12281-12293. [PMID: 32432296 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are pigment molecules that protect biomembranes against degradation and may be involved in the formation of functional bacterial membrane microdomains. Little is known on whether different types of carotenoids have different effects on the membrane or if there is any concentration dependence of these effects. In this work, we present results from molecular dynamics simulations of phospholipid bilayers containing different amounts of either β-carotene or zeaxanthin. Both β-carotene and zeaxanthin show the ability to laterally condense the membrane lipids and reduce their inter-leaflet interactions. With increasing concentrations, both carotenoids increase the bilayer thickness and rigidity. The results reveal that carotenoids have similar effects to cholesterol on regulating the behavior of fluid-phase membranes, suggesting that they could function as sterol substitutes and confirming their potential role in the formation of functional membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barmak Mostofian
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
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13
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Structural Similarity with Cholesterol Reveals Crucial Insights into Mechanisms Sustaining the Immunomodulatory Activity of the Mycotoxin Alternariol. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040847. [PMID: 32244540 PMCID: PMC7226804 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of molds in domestic environments can lead to uncontrolled continuous exposure to mycotoxins. Even if not immediately symptomatic, this may result in chronic effects, such as, for instance, immunosuppression or allergenic promotion. Alternariol (AOH) is one of the most abundant mycotoxins produced by Alternaria alternata fungi, proliferating among others in fridges, as well as in humid walls. AOH was previously reported to have immunomodulatory potential. However, molecular mechanisms sustaining this effect remained elusive. In differentiated THP-1 macrophages, AOH hardly altered the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators when co-incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), opening up the possibility that the immunosuppressive potential of the toxin could be related to an alteration of a downstream pro-inflammatory signaling cascade. Intriguingly, the mycotoxin affected the membrane fluidity in macrophages and it synergistically reacted with the cholesterol binding agent MβCD. In silico modelling revealed the potential of the mycotoxin to intercalate in cholesterol-rich membrane domains, like caveolae, and immunofluorescence showed the modified interplay of caveolin-1 with Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 4. In conclusion, we identified the structural similarity with cholesterol as one of the key determinants of the immunomodulatory potential of AOH.
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14
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Stolterfoht H, Rinnofner C, Winkler M, Pichler H. Recombinant Lipoxygenases and Hydroperoxide Lyases for the Synthesis of Green Leaf Volatiles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13367-13392. [PMID: 31591878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are mainly C6- and in rare cases also C9-aldehydes, -alcohols, and -esters, which are released by plants in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. These compounds are named for their characteristic smell reminiscent of freshly mowed grass. This review focuses on GLVs and the two major pathway enzymes responsible for their formation: lipoxygenases (LOXs) and fatty acid hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs). LOXs catalyze the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Hydroperoxy fatty acids are further converted by HPLs into aldehydes and oxo-acids. In many industrial applications, plant extracts have been used as LOX and HPL sources. However, these processes are limited by low enzyme concentration, stability, and specificity. Alternatively, recombinant enzymes can be used as biocatalysts for GLV synthesis. The increasing number of well-characterized enzymes efficiently expressed by microbial hosts will foster the development of innovative biocatalytic processes for GLV production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Stolterfoht
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Claudia Rinnofner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- bisy e.U. , Wetzawinkel 20 , 8200 Hofstaetten , Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology , TU Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Harald Pichler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology , TU Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
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15
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Tharuka MDN, Priyathilaka TT, Kim J, Lim C, Lee J. Molecular characterization of big-belly seahorse (Hippocamus abdominalis) arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (HaALOX5): First evidence of an immune defensive role by induced immunological stress in teleost. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:230-238. [PMID: 30458312 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is an essential enzyme for the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, which are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. In this study, the ALOX5 paralog of the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis; HaALOX5) was identified from our transcriptome database, and then molecularly and functionally characterized to determine its oxygenation capability and expression under pathogenic stress. The coding sequence of HaALOX5 consisted of 2025 bp and encoded a protein of 674 amino acids in length. Sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis of HaALOX5 revealed a close relationship with its corresponding teleost HaALOX5 counterparts. Structure prediction detected an N-terminal regulatory C2-like domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain, which are the two main functional domains in ALOX5 enzymes. Quantitative PCR showed that HaALOX5 was expressed in all the analyzed tissues at different magnitudes. The highest expression was detected in the intestine and stomach. In blood cells, the liver and the intestine, HaALOX5 transcripts were significantly elevated at many post injection time points, when immune challenged with lipopolysaccharide, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and Streptococcus iniae, indicating its contribution to post immune defense mechanisms in the seahorse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Structure of amyloid β 25-35 in lipid environment and cholesterol-dependent membrane pore formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2689. [PMID: 30804528 PMCID: PMC6389947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and its shorter variants, including a highly cytotoxic Aβ25–35 peptide, exert their neurotoxic effect during Alzheimer’s disease by various mechanisms, including cellular membrane permeabilization. The intrinsic polymorphism of Aβ has prevented the identification of the molecular basis of Aβ pore formation by direct structural methods, and computational studies have led to highly divergent pore models. Here, we have employed a set of biophysical techniques to directly monitor Ca2+-transporting Aβ25–35 pores in lipid membranes, to quantitatively characterize pore formation, and to identify the key structural features of the pore. Moreover, the effect of membrane cholesterol on pore formation and the structure of Aβ25–35 has been elucidated. The data suggest that the membrane-embedded peptide forms 6- or 8-stranded β-barrel like structures. The 8-stranded barrels may conduct Ca2+ ions through an inner cavity, whereas the tightly packed 6-stranded barrels need to assemble into supramolecular structures to form a central pore. Cholesterol affects Aβ25–35 pore formation by a dual mechanism, i.e., by direct interaction with the peptide and by affecting membrane structure. Collectively, our data illuminate the molecular basis of Aβ membrane pore formation, which should advance both basic and clinical research on Alzheimer’s disease and membrane-associated pathologies in general.
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17
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Licofelone-DPPC Interactions: Putting Membrane Lipids on the Radar of Drug Development. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030516. [PMID: 30709010 PMCID: PMC6384739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Membrane lipids have been disregarded in drug development throughout the years. Recently, they gained attention in drug design as targets, but they are still disregarded in the latter stages. Thus, this study aims to highlight the relevance of considering membrane lipids in the preclinical phase of drug development. (2) Methods: The interactions of a drug candidate for clinical use (licofelone) with a membrane model system made of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) were evaluated by combining Langmuir isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) measurements. (3) Results: Licofelone caused the expansion of the DPPC isotherm without changing the lipid phase transition profile. Moreover, licofelone induced the reduction of DPPC packing density, while increasing the local order of the DPPC acyl chains. (4) Conclusions: The licofelone-induced alterations in the structural organization of phosphatidylcholine monolayers may be related to its pharmacological actions. Thus, the combination of studying drug-membrane interactions with the pharmacological characterization that occurs in the preclinical stage may gather additional information about the mechanisms of action and toxicity of drug candidates. Ultimately, the addition of this innovative step shall improve the success rate of drug development.
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18
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Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has become one of the major techniques of structural characterization of proteins, peptides, and protein-membrane interactions. While the method does not have the capability of providing the precise, atomic-resolution molecular structure, it is exquisitely sensitive to conformational changes occurring in proteins upon functional transitions or intermolecular interactions. The sensitivity of vibrational frequencies to atomic masses has led to development of "isotope-edited" FTIR spectroscopy, where structural effects in two proteins, one unlabeled and the other labeled with a heavier stable isotope, such as 13C, are resolved simultaneously based on spectral downshift (separation) of the amide I band of the labeled protein. The same isotope effect is used to identify site-specific conformational changes in proteins by site-directed or segmental isotope labeling. Negligible light scattering in the infrared region provides an opportunity to study intermolecular interactions between large protein complexes, interactions of proteins and peptides with lipid vesicles, or protein-nucleic acid interactions without light scattering problems often encountered in ultraviolet spectroscopy. Attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) is a surface-sensitive version of infrared spectroscopy that has proved useful in studying membrane proteins and lipids, protein-membrane interactions, mechanisms of interfacial enzymes, the structural features of membrane pore forming proteins and peptides, and much more. The purpose of this chapter was to provide a practical guide to analyze protein structure and protein-membrane interactions by FTIR and ATR-FTIR techniques, including procedures of sample preparation, measurements, and data analysis. Basic background information on FTIR spectroscopy, as well as some relatively new developments in structural and functional characterization of proteins and peptides in lipid membranes, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren A Tatulian
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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19
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Sun S, Sendecki AM, Pullanchery S, Huang D, Yang T, Cremer PS. Multistep Interactions between Ibuprofen and Lipid Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10782-10792. [PMID: 30148644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBU) interacts with phosphatidylcholine membranes in three distinct steps as a function of concentration. In a first step (<10 μM), IBU electrostatically adsorbs to the lipid headgroups and gradually decreases the interfacial potential. This first step helps to facilitate the second step (10-300 μM), in which hydrophobic insertion of the drug occurs. The second step disrupts the packing of the lipid acyl chains and expands the area per lipid. In a final step, above 300 μM IBU, the lipid membrane begins to solubilize, resulting in a detergent-like effect. The results described herein were obtained by a combination of fluorescence binding assays, vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy, and Langmuir monolayer compression experiments. By introducing trimethylammonium-propane, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids as well as cholesterol, we demonstrated that both the chemistry of the lipid headgroups and the packing of lipid acyl chains can substantially influence the interactions between IBU and the membranes. Moreover, different membrane chemistries can alter particular steps in the binding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simou Sun
- Department of Chemistry , Penn State University , University Park , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Anne M Sendecki
- Department of Chemistry , Penn State University , University Park , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Saranya Pullanchery
- Department of Chemistry , Penn State University , University Park , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry , Penn State University , University Park , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Tinglu Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Penn State University , University Park , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Paul S Cremer
- Department of Chemistry , Penn State University , University Park , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Penn State University , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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20
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Subramanian BC, Majumdar R, Parent CA. The role of the LTB 4-BLT1 axis in chemotactic gradient sensing and directed leukocyte migration. Semin Immunol 2018; 33:16-29. [PMID: 29042024 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Directed leukocyte migration is a hallmark of inflammatory immune responses. Leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid and represent a class of potent lipid mediators of leukocyte migration. In this review, we summarize the essential steps leading to the production of LTB4 in leukocytes. We discuss the recent findings on the exosomal packaging and transport of LTB4 in the context of chemotactic gradients formation and regulation of leukocyte recruitment. We also discuss the dynamic roles of the LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, in mediating chemotactic signaling in leukocytes and contrast them to other structurally related leukotrienes that bind to distinct GPCRs. Finally, we highlight the specific roles of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in mediating signal-relay between chemotaxing neutrophils and its potential contribution to a wide variety of inflammatory conditions including tumor progression and metastasis, where LTB4 is emerging as a key signaling component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagawat C Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Ritankar Majumdar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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21
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Di Venere A, Nicolai E, Sinibaldi F, Di Pierro D, Caccuri AM, Mei G. Studying the TRAF2 binding to model membranes: The role of subunits dissociation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:38-45. [PMID: 28960521 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a C-terminal truncated form of TRAF2 to bind synthetic vesicles has been quantitatively studied by steady-state fluorescence energy transfer from the protein to large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) prepared with different lipid mixtures. The dissociation constants, the free energy of binding, and the average number of phospholipids interacting with truncated TRAF2 have been evaluated from the corresponding binding curves. The results indicate that the protein strongly interacts with the lipid bilayer, preferentially in the monomeric state. These findings have been discussed in terms of their possible role in the activity of TRAF2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almerinda Di Venere
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,NAST Center, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,NAST Center, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sinibaldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Di Pierro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,NAST Center, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Mei
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,NAST Center, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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22
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Del Vecchio K, Stahelin RV. Investigation of the phosphatidylserine binding properties of the lipid biosensor, Lactadherin C2 (LactC2), in different membrane environments. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:1-10. [PMID: 29426977 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid biosensors are robust tools used in both in vitro and in vivo applications of lipid imaging and lipid detection. Lactadherin C2 (LactC2) was described in 2000 as being a potent and specific sensor for phosphatidylserine (PS) (Andersen et al. Biochemistry 39:6200-6206, 2000). PS is an anionic phospholipid enriched in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and has paramount roles in apoptosis, cells signaling, and autophagy. The myriad roles PS plays in membrane dynamics make monitoring PS levels and function an important endeavor. LactC2 has functioned as a tantamount PS biosensor namely in the field of cellular imaging. While PS specificity and high affinity of LactC2 for PS containing membranes has been well established, much less is known regarding LactC2 selectivity for subcellular pools of PS or PS within different membrane environments (e.g., in the presence of cholesterol). Thus, there has been a lack of studies that have compared LactC2 PS sensitivity based upon the acyl chain length and saturation or the presence of other host lipids such as cholesterol. Here, we use surface plasmon resonance as a label-free method to quantitatively assess the apparent binding affinity of LactC2 for membranes containing PS with different acyl chains, different fluidity, as well as representative lipid vesicle mimetics of cellular membranes. Results demonstrate that LactC2 is an unbiased sensor for PS, and can sensitively interact with membranes containing PS with different acyl chain saturation and interact with PS species in a cholesterol-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Del Vecchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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23
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Cobalt and nickel affect the fluidity of negatively-charged biomimetic membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 210:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Zhou S, Schlipf DM, Guilfoil EC, Rankin SE, Knutson BL. Lipid Pore-Filled Silica Thin-Film Membranes for Biomimetic Recovery of Dilute Carbohydrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14156-14166. [PMID: 29131638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Selectively permeable biological membranes containing lipophilic barriers inspire the design of biomimetic carrier-mediated membranes for aqueous solute separation. The recovery of glucose, which can reversibly bind to boronic acid (BA) carriers, is examined in lipid pore-filled silica thin-film composite membranes with accessible mesopores. The successful incorporation of lipids (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DPPC) and BA carriers (4-((N-Boc-amino)methyl)phenylboronic acid, BAMP-BA) in the pores of mesoporous silica (∼10 nm pore diameter) through evaporation deposition is verified by confocal microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. In the absence of BA carriers, lipids confined inside the pores of silica thin films (∼200 nm thick) provide a factor of 14 increase in diffusive transport resistance to glucose, relative to traditional supported lipid bilayers formed by vesicle fusion on the porous surface. The addition of lipid-immobilized BAMP-BA (59 mol % in DPPC) facilitates the transport of glucose through the membrane; glucose flux increases from 45 × 10-8 to 225 × 10-8 mol/m2/s in the presence of BAMP-BA. Furthermore, the transport can be improved by environmental factors including pH gradient (to control the binding and release of glucose) and temperature (to adjust lipid bilayer fluidity). The successful development of biomimetic nanocomposite membranes demonstrated here is an important step toward the efficient dilute aqueous solute upgrading or separations, such as the processing of carbohydrates from lignocellulose hydrolysates, using engineered carrier/catalyst/support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Daniel M Schlipf
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Emma C Guilfoil
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Stephen E Rankin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Barbara L Knutson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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25
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Abstract
Understanding the correct interaction among the different components of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is fundamental for a proper assessment of the function of endocannabinoids (eCBs) as signaling molecules. The knowledge of how membrane environment is able to modulate intracellular trafficking of eCBs and their interacting proteins holds a huge potential in unraveling new mechanisms of ECS modulation.Here, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique is applied to measure the binding affinity of ECS proteins to model membranes (i.e., large unilamellar vesicles, LUVs). In particular, we describe in details the paradigmatic example of the interaction of recombinant rat FAAH-ΔTM with LUVs constituted by 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalaura Sabatucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
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26
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B Kumar R, Zhu L, Hebert H, Jegerschöld C. Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287545 DOI: 10.3791/55148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monotopic proteins exert their function when attached to a membrane surface, and such interactions depend on the specific lipid composition and on the availability of enough area to perform the function. Nanodiscs are used to provide a membrane surface of controlled size and lipid content. In the absence of bound extrinsic proteins, sodium phosphotungstate-stained nanodiscs appear as stacks of coins when viewed from the side by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This protocol is therefore designed to intentionally promote stacking; consequently, the prevention of stacking can be interpreted as the binding of the membrane-binding protein to the nanodisc. In a further step, the TEM images of the protein-nanodisc complexes can be processed with standard single-particle methods to yield low-resolution structures as a basis for higher resolution cryoEM work. Furthermore, the nanodiscs provide samples suitable for either TEM or non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. To illustrate the method, Ca2+-induced binding of 5-lipoxygenase on nanodiscs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
| | - Hans Hebert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet; School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
| | - Caroline Jegerschöld
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet; School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; ;
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27
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Abstract
Most interfacial enzymes undergo activation upon membrane binding. Interfacial activation is determined not only by the binding strength but also by the specific mode of protein-membrane interactions, including the angular orientation and membrane insertion of the enzymes. This chapter describes biophysical techniques to quantitatively evaluate membrane binding, orientation, membrane insertion, and activity of secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes. Procedures for recombinant production and purification of human pancreatic PLA2 and human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) are also presented. Several methods for measurements of membrane binding of peripheral proteins are described, i.e., fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from tryptophan or tyrosine residues of the protein to a fluorescent lipid in vesicles, changes in fluorescence of an environment-sensitive fluorescent lipid upon binding of proteins to membranes, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. These methods produce the apparent binding constant, the protein-to-lipid binding stoichiometry, and the Hill cooperativity coefficient. Experimental procedures for segmental isotope labeling of proteins and determination of the orientation of membrane-bound proteins by polarized ATR-FTIR spectroscopy are described. Furthermore, evaluation of membrane insertion of peripheral proteins by a fluorescence quenching technique is outlined. Combination of the orientation and membrane insertion provides a unique configuration of the protein-membrane complex and hence elucidates certain details of the enzyme function, such as the modes of acquisition of a membrane-residing substrate and product release. Finally, assays for determination of the activities of secreted PLA2, soybean LO, and human 5-LO are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Tatulian
- College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
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Bauve EL, Vernon BC, Ye D, Rogers DM, Siegrist CM, Carson BD, Rempe SB, Zheng A, Kielian M, Shreve AP, Kent MS. Method for measuring the unbinding energy of strongly-bound membrane-associated proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2753-2762. [PMID: 27425029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new method to measure the activation energy for unbinding (enthalpy ΔH*u and free energy ΔG*u) of a strongly-bound membrane-associated protein from a lipid membrane. It is based on measuring the rate of release of a liposome-bound protein during centrifugation on a sucrose gradient as a function of time and temperature. The method is used to determine ΔH*u and ΔG*u for the soluble dengue virus envelope protein (sE) strongly bound to 80:20 POPC:POPG liposomes at pH5.5. ΔH*u is determined from the Arrhenius equation whereas ΔG*u is determined by fitting the data to a model based on mean first passage time for escape from a potential well. The binding free energy ΔGb of sE was also measured at the same pH for the initial, predominantly reversible, phase of binding to a 70:30 PC:PG lipid bilayer. The unbinding free energy (20±3kcal/mol, 20% PG) was found to be roughly three times the binding energy per monomer, (7.8±0.3kcal/mol for 30% PG, or est. 7.0kcal/mol for 20% PG). This is consistent with data showing that free sE is a monomer at pH5.5, but assembles into trimers after associating with membranes. This new method to determine unbinding energies should be useful to understand better the complex interactions of integral monotopic proteins and strongly-bound peripheral membrane proteins with lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongmei Ye
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185
| | - David M Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Av, Tampa, FL 33620
| | | | | | | | - Aihua Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Margaret Kielian
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Andrew P Shreve
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Kumar RB, Zhu L, Idborg H, Rådmark O, Jakobsson PJ, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Hebert H, Jegerschöld C. Structural and Functional Analysis of Calcium Ion Mediated Binding of 5-Lipoxygenase to Nanodiscs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152116. [PMID: 27010627 PMCID: PMC4806843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An important step in the production of inflammatory mediators of the leukotriene family is the Ca2+ mediated recruitment of 5 Lipoxygenase (5LO) to nuclear membranes. To study this reaction in vitro, the natural membrane mimicking environment of nanodiscs was used. Nanodiscs with 10.5 nm inner diameter were made with the lipid POPC and membrane scaffolding protein MSP1E3D1. Monomeric and dimeric 5LO were investigated. Monomeric 5LO mixed with Ca2+ and nanodiscs are shown to form stable complexes that 1) produce the expected leukotriene products from arachidonic acid and 2) can be, for the first time, visualised by native gel electrophoresis and negative stain transmission electron microscopy and 3) show a highest ratio of two 5LO per nanodisc. We interpret this as one 5LO on each side of the disc. The dimer of 5LO is visualised by negative stain transmission electron microscopy and is shown to not bind to nanodiscs. This study shows the advantages of nanodiscs to obtain basic structural information as well as functional information of a complex between a monotopic membrane protein and the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan B. Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Rådmark
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnes Rinaldo-Matthis
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Jegerschöld
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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30
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Adel S, Heydeck D, Kuhn H, Ufer C. The lipoxygenase pathway in zebrafish. Expression and characterization of zebrafish ALOX5 and comparison with its human ortholog. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
The structure of plasma PAF-AH was solved to a resolution of 1.5Å using X-ray crystallography. The enzyme has a classic α/β serine hydrolase fold containing a catalytic triad of Ser273, Asp296, and His351. A hydrophobic patch of the enzyme involving two α-helices (114-126 and 362-369) and neighboring residues have been shown to be essential for lipoprotein particle binding by mutagenesis and mass spectrometry hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments. An interface-bound model of the enzyme positions the active site above the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface and is consistent with the known substrate specificity of the enzyme. Several ligand-bound structures of plasma PAF-AH have been solved with organophosphorus compounds and modeled with competitive inhibitors of high affinity and selectivity. This chapter presents an overview of the structure of plasma PAF-AH, molecular details of its functional role, and the interaction of the enzyme with lipoprotein particles.
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33
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Stabilisation and characterisation of the isolated regulatory domain of human 5-lipoxygenase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1538-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Rådmark O, Werz O, Steinhilber D, Samuelsson B. 5-Lipoxygenase, a key enzyme for leukotriene biosynthesis in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:331-9. [PMID: 25152163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes (LTs), lipid mediators of inflammation derived from arachidonic acid. In this review we focus on 5-LOX biochemistry including 5-LOX interacting proteins and regulation of enzyme activity. LTs function in normal host defense, and have roles in many disease states where acute or chronic inflammation is part of the pathophysiology, as briefly summarized at the end of this chapter. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rådmark
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div. of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bengt Samuelsson
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div. of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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35
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Garreta A, Val-Moraes SP, García-Fernández Q, Busquets M, Juan C, Oliver A, Ortiz A, Gaffney BJ, Fita I, Manresa À, Carpena X. Structure and interaction with phospholipids of a prokaryotic lipoxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FASEB J 2013; 27:4811-21. [PMID: 23985801 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-235952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs), which are essential in eukaryotes, have no confirmed function in prokaryotes that are devoid of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The structure of a secretable LOX from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa_LOX), the first available from a prokaryote, presents significant differences with respect to eukaryotic LOXs, including a cluster of helices acting as a lid to the active center. The mobility of the lid and the structural variability of the N-terminal region of Pa_LOX was confirmed by comparing 2 crystal forms. The binding pocket contains a phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipid with branches of 18 (sn-1) and 14/16 (sn-2) carbon atoms in length. Carbon atoms from the sn-1 chain approach the catalytic iron in a manner that sheds light on how the enzymatic reaction might proceed. The findings in these studies suggest that Pa_LOX has the capacity to extract and modify unsaturated phospholipids from eukaryotic membranes, allowing this LOX to play a role in the interaction of P. aeruginosa with host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Garreta
- 1Institut de Biologia Molecular, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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The Chemical Nature of the Polar Functional Group of Oxidized Acyl Chain Uniquely Modifies the Physicochemical Properties of Oxidized Phospholipid-Containing Lipid Particles. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:443-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Nankar SA, Pande AH. Physicochemical properties of bacterial pro-inflammatory lipids influence their interaction with apolipoprotein-derived peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:853-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Ibargüen C, Manrique-Moreno M, Hadad CZ, David J, Restrepo A. Microsolvation of dimethylphosphate: a molecular model for the interaction of cell membranes with water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:3203-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42778h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Tatulian SA. Structural characterization of membrane proteins and peptides by FTIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 974:177-218. [PMID: 23404277 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-275-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is widely used in structural characterization of proteins or peptides. While the method does not have the capability of providing the precise, atomic-resolution molecular structure, it is exquisitely sensitive to conformational changes occurring in proteins upon functional transitions or upon intermolecular interactions. Sensitivity of vibrational frequencies to atomic masses has led to development of "isotope-edited" FTIR spectroscopy, where structural effects in two proteins, one unlabeled and the other labeled with a heavier stable isotope, such as (13)C, are resolved simultaneously based on spectral downshift (separation) of the amide I band of the labeled protein. The same isotope effect is used to identify site-specific conformational changes in proteins by site-directed or segmental isotope labeling. Negligible light scattering in the infrared region provides an opportunity to study intermolecular interactions between large protein complexes, interactions of proteins and peptides with lipid vesicles, or protein-nucleic acid interactions without light scattering problems often encountered in ultraviolet spectroscopy. Attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) is a surface-sensitive version of infrared spectroscopy that has proved useful in studying membrane proteins and lipids, protein-membrane interactions, mechanisms of interfacial enzymes, and molecular architecture of membrane pore or channel forming proteins and peptides. The purpose of this article was to provide a practical guide to analyze protein structure and protein-membrane interactions by FTIR and ATR-FTIR techniques, including procedures of sample preparation, measurements, and data analysis. Basic background information on FTIR spectroscopy, as well as some relatively new developments in structural and functional characterization of proteins and peptides in lipid membranes, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren A Tatulian
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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40
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Dainese E, Sabatucci A, Angelucci CB, Barsacchi D, Chiarini M, Maccarrone M. Impact of embedded endocannabinoids and their oxygenation by lipoxygenase on membrane properties. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:386-92. [PMID: 22860207 PMCID: PMC3386857 DOI: 10.1021/cn300016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are the best characterized endocannabinoids. Their biological activity is subjected to metabolic control whereby a dynamic equilibrium among biosynthetic, catabolic, and oxidative pathways drives their intracellular concentrations. In particular, lipoxygenases can generate hydroperoxy derivatives of endocannabinoids, endowed with distinct activities within cells. The in vivo interaction between lipoxygenases and endocannabinoids is likely to occur within cell membranes; thus, we sought to ascertain whether a prototypical enzyme like soybean (Glycine max) 15-lipoxygenase-1 is able to oxygenate endocannabinoids embedded in synthetic vesicles and how these substances could affect the binding ability of the enzyme to different lipid bilayers. We show that (i) embedded endocannabinoids increase membrane fluidity; (ii) 15-lipoxygenase-1 preferentially binds to endocannabinoid-containing bilayers; and that (iii) 15-lipoxygenase-1 oxidizes embedded endocannabinoids and thus reduces fluidity and local hydration of membrane lipids. Together, the present findings reveal further complexity in the regulation of endocannabinoid signaling within the central nervous system, disclosing novel control by oxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Dainese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- European Center
for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome,
Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Barsacchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- Department of Food
Science, University of Teramo, Teramo,
Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- European Center
for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome,
Italy
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41
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The N-terminal β-barrel domain of mammalian lipoxygenases including mouse 5-lipoxygenase is not essential for catalytic activity and membrane binding but exhibits regulatory functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 516:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Åhs M, Prasad A, Aminov Z, Carpenter DO. Mechanisms of cell death of thymocytes induced by polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and trans-fatty acids. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:3863-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Pande AH, Tillu VA. Membrane lipid composition differentially modulates the function of human plasma platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Tai WY, Yang YC, Lin HJ, Huang CP, Cheng YL, Chen MF, Yen HL, Liau I. Interplay between structure and fluidity of model lipid membranes under oxidative attack. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15642-9. [PMID: 21053974 DOI: 10.1021/jp1014719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A proper regulation of membrane fluidity is critical for cellular activities such as communication between cells, mitosis, and endocytosis. Unsaturated lipids, a main component of biological membranes, are particularly susceptible to oxidative attack of reactive oxygen species. The oxidation of lipids can produce structural derangement of membranes and eventually alter the membrane fluidity. We have applied fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the fluidity and structure of model membranes subject to oxidative attack. Hydrogen peroxide has little effect on the lateral fluidity of membranes, whereas hydroxyl radical causes a significantly increased fluidity. The latter is rationalized with the cleavage of the acyl chains of lipids caused by hydroxyl radical; this interpretation is founded on the diminished intensities of lines in Raman spectra associated with -CH(2) and C═C moieties in lipids and supported by mass-spectral measurements. The same approach provides a mechanistic account of the inhibitory capability of vitamins C and E against the increased membrane fluidity resulting from an oxidative attack. Membranes with much cholesterol exhibit a novel resistance against altered membrane fluidity induced with oxidative attack; this finding has biological implications. Our approach combining FCS and Raman measurements reveals the interplay between the structure and fluidity of membranes and provides insight into the pathophysiology of cellular oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Tai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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45
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Rådmark O, Samuelsson B. Regulation of the activity of 5-lipoxygenase, a key enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:105-10. [PMID: 20494120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5LO) catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes (LTs), lipid mediators of inflammation derived from arachidonic acid. LTs function in normal host defense, and have pathophysiological roles in chronic inflammatory diseases as asthma and atherosclerosis. Also, possible effects of 5LO products in relation to tumorigenesis have been described. Thus, insight regarding the biochemistry of 5LO is relevant for better understanding of normal physiology, and for development of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rådmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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46
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Dainese E, Angelucci CB, Sabatucci A, De Filippis V, Mei G, Maccarrone M. A novel role for iron in modulating the activity and membrane-binding ability of a trimmed soybean lipoxygenase-1. FASEB J 2010; 24:1725-36. [PMID: 20081094 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-141390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are iron-containing enzymes that play critical roles in plants and animals. As yet, metal atom extraction, reconstitution, and substitution have not been successfully applied to soybean LOX-1 [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], a prototype member of the LOX family that is widely used in structural and kinetic studies. Here, tryptic digestion of native LOX-1, used as a control, allowed us to isolate the 60-kDa C-terminal region (termed miniLOX), that retains the catalytically active iron in a more accessible position. Then, iron was removed to obtain an unprecedented apo-miniLOX, which was reconstituted and substituted with different metal ions. These forms of miniLOX were characterized vs. native LOX-1 by kinetic analysis, near UV circular dichroism, steady-state fluorescence, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. MiniLOX showed a 2-fold increase in the membrane-binding affinity compared with native LOX-1 and a remarkable 4-fold increase compared with apo-miniLOX (K(d)=9.2+/-1.0, 17.9+/-2.0, and 45.4+/-4.3 microM, respectively). Furthermore, miniLOX reconstituted with Fe(II) or Fe(III) partially recovered its membrane-binding ability (K(d)=21.4+/-2.4 and 18.9+/-5.5 microM, respectively), overall supporting a novel noncatalytic role for iron in the LOX family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Dainese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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47
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Structures and mechanisms of enzymes in the leukotriene cascade. Biochimie 2010; 92:676-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Newcomer ME, Gilbert NC. Location, location, location: compartmentalization of early events in leukotriene biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25109-14. [PMID: 20507998 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r110.125880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs), derived from arachidonic acid (AA) released from the membrane by the action of phospholipase A(2), are potent lipid mediators of the inflammatory response. In 1983, Dahlén et al. demonstrated that LTC(4), LTD(4), and LTE(4) mediate antigen-induced constriction of bronchi in tissue obtained from subjects with asthma (Dahlén, S. E., Hansson, G., Hedqvist, P., Björck, T., Granström, E., and Dahlén, B. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 1712-1716). Over the last 25+ years, substantial progress has been made in understanding how LTs exert their effects, and a broader appreciation for the numerous biological processes they mediate has emerged. LT biosynthesis is initiated by the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which catalyzes the transformation of AA to LTA(4) in a two-step reaction. Ca(2+) targets 5-LOX to the nuclear membrane, where it co-localizes with the 5-LOX-activating protein FLAP and, when present, the downstream enzyme LTC(4) synthase, both transmembrane proteins. Crystal structures of the AA-metabolizing LOXs, LTC(4) synthase, and FLAP combined with biochemical data provide a framework for understanding how subcellular organizations optimize the biosynthesis of these labile hydrophobic signaling compounds, which must navigate pathways that include both membrane and soluble enzymes. The insights these structures afford and the questions they engender are discussed in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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49
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Coactosin-like protein functions as a stabilizing chaperone for 5-lipoxygenase: role of tryptophan 102. Biochem J 2009; 425:265-74. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The activity of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase), which catalyses two initial steps in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory LTs (leukotrienes), is strictly regulated. One recently discovered factor, CLP (coactosin-like protein), binds 5-LO and promotes LT formation. In the present paper we report that CLP also stabilizes 5-LO and prevents non-turnover inactivation of the enzyme in vitro. Mutagenesis of tryptophan residues in the 5-LO β-sandwich showed that 5-LO-Trp102 is essential for binding to CLP, and for CLP to support 5-LO activity. In addition, the stabilizing effect also depended on binding between CLP and 5-LO. After mutations which prevent interaction (5-LO-W102A or CLP-K131A), the protective effect of CLP was absent. A calculated 5-LO–CLP docking model indicates that CLP may bind to additional residues in both domains of 5-LO, thus possibly stabilizing the 5-LO structure. To obtain further support for binding between CLP and 5-LO in a living cell, subcellular localization of CLP and 5-LO in the monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 was determined. In these cells, 5-LO associates with a nuclear fraction only when differentiated cells are primed with phorbol ester and stimulated with ionophore. The same pattern of redistribution was found for CLP, indicating that the two proteins associate with the nucleus in a co-ordinated fashion. The results of the present study support a role for CLP as a chaperoning scaffold factor, influencing both the stability and the activity of 5-LO.
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50
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Gugliuzza A, Aceto MC, Drioli E. Interactive functional poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes with modulated lysozyme affinity: a promising class of new interfaces for contactor crystallizers. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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