1
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Landeta C, Medina-Ortiz D, Escobar N, Valdez I, González-Troncoso MP, Álvares-Saravia D, Aldridge J, Gómez C, Lienqueo ME. Integrative workflows for the characterization of hydrophobin and cerato-platanin in the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:385. [PMID: 39177836 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobins (HFBs) and cerato-platanins (CPs) are surface-active extracellular proteins produced by filamentous fungi. This study identified two HFB genes (pshyd1 and pshyd2) and one CP gene (pscp) in the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina. The proteins PsCP, PsHYD2, and PsHYD1 had molecular weights of 12.70, 6.62, and 5.98 kDa, respectively, with isoelectric points below 7. PsHYD1 and PsHYD2 showed hydrophobicity (GRAVY score 0.462), while PsCP was hydrophilic (GRAVY score - 0.202). Stability indices indicated in-solution stability. Mass spectrometry identified 2,922 proteins, including CP but not HFB proteins. qPCR revealed differential gene expression influenced by developmental stage and substrate, with pshyd1 consistently expressed. These findings suggest P. salina's adaptation to marine ecosystems with fewer hydrophobin genes than other fungi but capable of producing surface-active proteins from seaweed carbohydrates. These proteins have potential applications in medical biocoatings, food industry foam stabilizers, and environmental bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Landeta
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef, 851- 8370456, Chile
| | - David Medina-Ortiz
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef, 851- 8370456, Chile
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Magallanes, Av. Pdte. Manuel Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Natalia Escobar
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Iván Valdez
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - María Paz González-Troncoso
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef, 851- 8370456, Chile
| | - Diego Álvares-Saravia
- Teaching and Research Assistance Center, CADI, University of Magallanes, Av. los Flamencos, Punta Arenas, 01364, Chile
| | - Jacqueline Aldridge
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Magallanes, Av. Pdte. Manuel Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Chemistry Department, University of Valle-Yumbo, Valle del Cauca, 760501, Chile
| | - María Elena Lienqueo
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef, 851- 8370456, Chile.
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2
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Hernando AV, Sun W, Abitbol T. "You Are What You Eat": How Fungal Adaptation Can Be Leveraged toward Myco-Material Properties. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2024; 8:2300140. [PMID: 38486929 PMCID: PMC10935908 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Fungi adapt to their surroundings, modifying their behaviors and composition under different conditions like nutrient availability and environmental stress. This perspective examines how a basic understanding of fungal genetics and the different ways that fungi can be influenced by their surroundings can be leveraged toward the production of functional mycelium materials. Simply put, within the constraints of a given genetic script, both the quality and quantity of fungal mycelium are shaped by what they eat and where they grow. These two levers, encompassing their global growth environment, can be turned toward different materials outcomes. The final properties of myco-materials are thus intimately shaped by the conditions of their growth, enabling the design of new biobased and biodegradable material constructions for applications that have traditionally relied on petroleum-based chemicals.This perspective highlights aspects of fungal genetics and environmental adaptation that have potential materials science implications, along the way touching on key studies, both to situate the state of the art within the field and to punctuate the viewpoints of the authors. Finally, this work ends with future perspectives, reinforcing key topics deemed important to consider in emerging myco-materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Vivas Hernando
- Institute of Materials (IMX)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Institute of Materials (IMX)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- Institute of Materials (IMX)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
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3
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Casado-del Castillo V, Benito EP, Díaz-Mínguez JM. The Role of the Fusarium oxysporum FTF2 Transcription Factor in Host Colonization and Virulence in Common Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030380. [PMID: 36986302 PMCID: PMC10054582 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The FTF (Fusarium Transcription Factor) gene family is composed of two members (FTF1 and FTF2) with high-sequence homology that encode transcription factors involved in the modulation of virulence in the F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC). While FTF1 is a multicopy gene exclusive of highly virulent strains of FOSC and is located in the accessory genome, FTF2 is a single-copy gene, located in the core genome, and well-conserved in all filamentous ascomycete fungi, except yeast. The involvement of FTF1 in the colonization of the vascular system and regulation of the expression of SIX effectors has been stablished. To address the role of FTF2, we generated and characterized mutants defective in FTF2 in a F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli weakly virulent strain and analyzed them together with the equivalent mutants formerly obtained in a highly virulent strain. The results obtained highlight a role for FTF2 as a negative regulator of the production of macroconidia and demonstrate that it is required for full virulence and the positive regulation of SIX effectors. In addition, gene expression analyses provided compelling evidence that FTF2 is involved in the regulation of hydrophobins likely required for plant colonization.
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Landeta-Salgado C, Cicatiello P, Stanzione I, Medina D, Berlanga Mora I, Gomez C, Lienqueo ME. The growth of marine fungi on seaweed polysaccharides produces cerato-platanin and hydrophobin self-assembling proteins. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126835. [PMID: 34399103 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The marine fungi Paradendryphiela salina and Talaromyces pinophilus degrade and assimilate complex substrates from plants and seaweed. Additionally, these fungi secrete surface-active proteins, identified as cerato-platanins and hydrophobins. These hydrophobic proteins have the ability to self-assemble forming amyloid-like aggregates and play an essential role in the growth and development of the filamentous fungi. It is the first time that one cerato-platanin (CP) is identified and isolated from P. salina (PsCP) and two Class I hydrophobins (HFBs) from T. pinophilus (TpHYD1 and TpHYD2). Furthermore, it is possible to extract cerato-platanins and hydrophobins using marine fungi that can feed on seaweed biomass, and through a submerged liquid fermentation process. The propensity to aggregate of these proteins has been analyzed using different techniques such as Thioflavin T fluorescence assay, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy. Here, we show that the formation of aggregates of PsCP and TpHYD, was influenced by the carbon source from seaweed. This study highlighted the potential of these self-assembling proteins generated from a fermentation process with marine fungi and with promising properties such as conformational plasticity with extensive applications in biotechnology, pharmacy, nanotechnology, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Landeta-Salgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile
| | - Paola Cicatiello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - David Medina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile
| | - Isadora Berlanga Mora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile
| | - Carlos Gomez
- Chemistry Department, University of Valle-Yumbo, Valle del Cauca, 760501, Colombia
| | - María Elena Lienqueo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile.
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Darsaraei H, Ghovvati S, Khodaparast SA. A Comprehensive Phylogenetic and Bioinformatics Assessment of Hydrophobin Protein (HYPAI) for Drug Delivery: an In Silico Analysis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Devine R, Singha P, Handa H. Versatile biomimetic medical device surface: hydrophobin coated, nitric oxide-releasing polymer for antimicrobial and hemocompatible applications. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3438-3449. [PMID: 31268063 PMCID: PMC6666392 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00469f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In medical device design, there is a vital need for a coating that promotes treatment of the patient and simultaneously prevents fouling by biomacromolecules which in turn can progress to infections, thrombosis, and other device-related complications. In this work, hydrophobin SC3 (SC3), a self-assembling amphiphilic protein, was coated on a nitric oxide (NO) releasing medical grade polymer to provide an antifouling layer to work synergistically with NO's bactericidal and antiplatelet activity (SC3-NO). The contact angle of SC3 samples were ∼30% lesser than uncoated control samples and was maintained for a month in physiological conditions, demonstrating a stable, hydrophilic coating. NO release characteristics were not adversely affected by the SC3 coating and samples with SC3 coating maintained NO release. Fibrinogen adsorption was reduced over tenfold on SC3 coated samples when compared to non-SC3 coated samples. The viable cell count of adhered bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) on SC3-NO was 79.097 ± 7.529% lesser than control samples and 49.533 ± 18.18% lesser than NO samples. Platelet adherence on SC3-NO was reduced by 73.407 ± 14.59% when compared to control samples and 53.202 ± 25.67 when compared to NO samples. Finally, the cytocompatibility of SC3-NO was tested and proved to be safe and not trigger a cytotoxic response. The overall favorable results from the physical, chemical and biological characterization analyses demonstrate the novelty and importance of a naturally-produced antifouling layer coated on a bactericidal and antiplatelet polymer, and thus will prove to be advantageous in a multitude of medical device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Devine
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Priyadarshini Singha
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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7
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Fungal hydrophobins render stones impermeable for water but keep them permeable for vapor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6264. [PMID: 31000787 PMCID: PMC6472399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The conservation of architectural heritage is a big challenge in times with increasing air pollution with aggressive gases. A second major threat to buildings is the combination of water and air contaminants which may be used by microorganisms for their metabolism. Hence, myriads of different bacteria and fungi populate stone surfaces and penetrate into the fine pores and cracks. Whereas epoxid-based paintings (or other paintings) may protect the coated surfaces from water and aggressive gases, these chemicals seal the stone surface and prevent also the evaporation of vapor from the inside of the buildings. Here, we tested a natural, fungal protein-based coating method. Fungi use small, amphiphilic proteins to turn their surfaces hydrophobic. We found that Aspergillus nidulans hydrophobin DewA and Trichoderma reesei HFBI confer hydrophobicity to stones but keep their pores open. The effect resembles “Gore-tex” fabric material.
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8
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Kordts M, Kampe M, Kerth A, Hinderberger D. Structure Formation in Class I and Class II Hydrophobins at the Air-Water Interface under Multiple Compression/Expansion Cycles. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:1005-1013. [PMID: 30524926 PMCID: PMC6276105 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small amphiphilic fungal proteins empirically divided into two classes. We investigated the self-assembled structures of class I SC3 from S. commune and class II HFBII from T. reesei transferred to mica from the air-water interface by using the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The main focus is the influence of areal constraint and multiple compressions and expansions on the morphology of the protein films. SC3 shows a rather homogenous coverage of the mica surface, with fibrillary structures. Multiple compressions to a surface pressure of 13 mn m-1 led to a shortening of the fibrils. HFBII exhibits multilayered structures of varying thickness at higher surface pressures. Multiple compressions led to a variety of large, multilayer aggregates. Several compressions and expansions homogenized the films of both types. Both proteins showed similar dendritic structures with relevant length scales of at least several hundred nanometers at pressures of 13 mn m-1 and above, although the primary structures they assemble into are usually different in size and type, and range from fibrils to hexagonally ordered films. These dendritic structures may stem from a combination of mechanical influences, such as compressions, expansions, and the drying effect during LS transfer, which may simulate processes during physiological applications of hydrophobins, such as encapsulation or release of spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kordts
- Institut für Chemie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Melanie Kampe
- Institut für Chemie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Andreas Kerth
- Institut für Chemie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institut für Chemie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
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9
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Segers F, Wösten H, Dijksterhuis J. Aspergillus niger
mutants affected in conidial pigmentation do not have an increased susceptibility to water stress during growth at low water activity. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:238-243. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F.J.J. Segers
- Applied and Industrial Mycology; Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - H.A.B. Wösten
- Microbiology, Department of Biology; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - J. Dijksterhuis
- Applied and Industrial Mycology; Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Utrecht The Netherlands
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10
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Deckers SM, Venken T, Khalesi M, Gebruers K, Baggerman G, Lorgouilloux Y, Shokribousjein Z, Ilberg V, Schönberger C, Titze J, Verachtert H, Michiels C, Neven H, Delcour J, Martens J, Derdelinckx G, De Maeyer M. Combined Modeling and Biophysical Characterisation of CO2 Interaction with Class II Hydrophobins: New Insight into the Mechanism Underpinning Primary Gushing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0905-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie M. Deckers
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Tom Venken
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry, section: Molecular and Structural Biology, Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and BioMacS, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Mohammadreza Khalesi
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kurt Gebruers
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- KU Leuven, Facility for Systems Biology based Mass Spectrometry (SyBioMa), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Lorgouilloux
- KU Leuven, Facility for Systems Biology based Mass Spectrometry (SyBioMa), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zahra Shokribousjein
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vladimir Ilberg
- Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Fakultät Gartenbau und Lebensmitteltechnologie, D-85350 Freisinig, Germany
| | - Christina Schönberger
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jean Titze
- Barth-Haas Group, Barth Innovations, D-90482 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Verachtert
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Chris Michiels
- National University of Ireland, University College Cork, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hedwig Neven
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Delcour
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan Martens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Derdelinckx
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Marc De Maeyer
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry, section: Molecular and Structural Biology, Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and BioMacS, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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11
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A mutant of hydrophobin HGFI tuning the self-assembly behaviour and biosurfactant activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8419-8430. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Characterization of a Basidiomycota hydrophobin reveals the structural basis for a high-similarity Class I subdivision. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45863. [PMID: 28393921 PMCID: PMC5385502 DOI: 10.1038/srep45863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I hydrophobins are functional amyloids secreted by fungi. They self-assemble into organized films at interfaces producing structures that include cellular adhesion points and hydrophobic coatings. Here, we present the first structure and solution properties of a unique Class I protein sequence of Basidiomycota origin: the Schizophyllum commune hydrophobin SC16 (hyd1). While the core β-barrel structure and disulphide bridging characteristic of the hydrophobin family are conserved, its surface properties and secondary structure elements are reminiscent of both Class I and II hydrophobins. Sequence analyses of hydrophobins from 215 fungal species suggest this structure is largely applicable to a high-identity Basidiomycota Class I subdivision (IB). To validate this prediction, structural analysis of a comparatively distinct Class IB sequence from a different fungal order, namely the Phanerochaete carnosa PcaHyd1, indicates secondary structure properties similar to that of SC16. Together, these results form an experimental basis for a high-identity Class I subdivision and contribute to our understanding of functional amyloid formation.
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13
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Gruner LJ, Bahrig L, Ostermann K, Hickey SG, Eychmüller A, Rödel G. Excitable Oil Droplets - FRET Across a Liquid-Liquid Phase Boundary. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Gruner
- Department of Genetics; TU Dresden; Zellescher Weg 20b 01217 Dresden Germany
| | - L. Bahrig
- Department of Physical Chemistry; TU Dresden; Bergstraße 66b 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - K. Ostermann
- Department of Genetics; TU Dresden; Zellescher Weg 20b 01217 Dresden Germany
| | - S. G. Hickey
- Department of Physical Chemistry; TU Dresden; Bergstraße 66b 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - A. Eychmüller
- Department of Physical Chemistry; TU Dresden; Bergstraße 66b 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - G. Rödel
- Department of Genetics; TU Dresden; Zellescher Weg 20b 01217 Dresden Germany
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14
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Wyatt TT, Wösten HAB, Dijksterhuis J. Fungal spores for dispersion in space and time. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 85:43-91. [PMID: 23942148 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407672-3.00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spores are an integral part of the life cycle of the gross majority of fungi. Their morphology and the mode of formation are both highly variable among the fungi, as is their resistance to stressors. The main aim for spores is to be dispersed, both in space, by various mechanisms or in time, by an extended period of dormancy. Some fungal ascospores belong to the most stress-resistant eukaryotic cells described to date. Stabilization is a process in which biomolecules and complexes thereof are protected by different types of molecules against heat, drought, or other molecules. This review discusses the most important compounds that are known to protect fungal spores and also addresses the biophysics of cell protection. It further covers the phenomena of dormancy, breaking of dormancy, and early germination. Germination is the transition from a dormant cell toward a vegetative cell and includes a number of specific changes. Finally, the applied aspects of spore biology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon T Wyatt
- Department of Applied and Industrial Mycology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Paslay LC, Falgout L, Savin DA, Heinhorst S, Cannon GC, Morgan SE. Kinetics and Control of Self-Assembly of ABH1 Hydrophobin from the Edible White Button Mushroom. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2283-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400407c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leo Falgout
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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16
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Gutiérrez SP, Saberianfar R, Kohalmi SE, Menassa R. Protein body formation in stable transgenic tobacco expressing elastin-like polypeptide and hydrophobin fusion proteins. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:40. [PMID: 23663656 PMCID: PMC3659085 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are recognized as an efficient and inexpensive system to produce valuable recombinant proteins. Two different strategies have been commonly used for the expression of recombinant proteins in plants: transient expression mediated by Agrobacterium; or stable transformation of the plant genome. However, the use of plants as bioreactors still faces two main limitations: low accumulation levels of some recombinant proteins and lack of efficient purification methods. Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), hydrophobin I (HFBI) and Zera® are three fusion partners found to increase the accumulation levels of recombinant proteins and induce the formation of protein bodies (PBs) in leaves when targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in transient expression assays. In this study the effects of ELP and HFBI fusion tags on recombinant protein accumulation levels and PB formation was examined in stable transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. RESULTS The accumulation of recombinant protein and PB formation was evaluated in two cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum transformed with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to ELP or HFBI, both targeted and retrieved to the ER. The ELP and HFBI tags increased the accumulation of the recombinant protein and induced the formation of PBs in leaves of stable transgenic plants from both cultivars. Furthermore, these tags induced the formation of PBs in a concentration-dependent manner, where a specific level of recombinant protein accumulation was required for PBs to appear. Moreover, agro-infiltration of plants accumulating low levels of recombinant protein with p19, a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), increased accumulation levels in four independent transgenic lines, suggesting that PTGS might have caused the low accumulation levels in these plants. CONCLUSION The use of ELP and HFBI tags as fusion partners in stable transgenic plants of tobacco is feasible and promising. In a constitutive environment, these tags increase the accumulation levels of the recombinant protein and induce the formation of PBs regardless of the cultivar used. However, a specific level of recombinant protein accumulation needs to be reached for PBs to form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia P Gutiérrez
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Saberianfar
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne E Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
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17
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Walther A, Müller AHE. Janus Particles: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Physical Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5194-261. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300089t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1328] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- DWI at RWTH Aachen University − Institute for Interactive Materials Research, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz,
Germany
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 872, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, UMR S 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 16-Immunopathology & Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JB); (J-PL)
| | | | - J. Iñaki Guijarro
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de RMN des Biomolécules, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Margaret Sunde
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Pharmacology, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Aspergillus, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JB); (J-PL)
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19
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Grunér MS, Szilvay GR, Berglin M, Lienemann M, Laaksonen P, Linder MB. Self-assembly of class II hydrophobins on polar surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:4293-4300. [PMID: 22315927 DOI: 10.1021/la300501u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are structural proteins produced by filamentous fungi that are amphiphilic and function through self-assembling into structures such as membranes. They have diverse roles in the growth and development of fungi, for example in adhesion to substrates, for reducing surface tension to allow aerial growth, in forming protective coatings on spores and other structures. Hydrophobin membranes at the air-water interface and on hydrophobic solids are well studied, but understanding how hydrophobins can bind to a polar surface to make it more hydrophobic has remained unresolved. Here we have studied different class II hydrophobins for their ability to bind to polar surfaces that were immersed in buffer solution. We show here that the binding under some conditions results in a significant increase of water contact angle (WCA) on some surfaces. The highest contact angles were obtained on cationic surfaces where the hydrophobin HFBI has an average WCA of 62.6° at pH 9.0, HFBII an average of 69.0° at pH 8.0, and HFBIII had an average WCA of 61.9° at pH 8.0. The binding of the hydrophobins to the positively charged surface was shown to depend on both pH and ionic strength. The results are significant for understanding the mechanism for formation of structures such as the surface of mycelia or fungal spore coatings as well as for possible technical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias S Grunér
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Biotechnology, Espoo, Finland
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20
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Conley AJ, Joensuu JJ, Richman A, Menassa R. Protein body-inducing fusions for high-level production and purification of recombinant proteins in plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:419-33. [PMID: 21338467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For the past two decades, therapeutic and industrially important proteins have been expressed in plants with varying levels of success. The two major challenges hindering the economical production of plant-made recombinant proteins include inadequate accumulation levels and the lack of efficient purification methods. To address these limitations, several fusion protein strategies have been recently developed to significantly enhance the production yield of plant-made recombinant proteins, while simultaneously assisting in their subsequent purification. Elastin-like polypeptides are thermally responsive biopolymers composed of a repeating pentapeptide 'VPGXG' sequence that are valuable for the purification of recombinant proteins. Hydrophobins are small fungal proteins capable of altering the hydrophobicity of their respective fusion partner, thus enabling efficient purification by surfactant-based aqueous two-phase systems. Zera, a domain of the maize seed storage protein γ-zein, can induce the formation of protein storage bodies, thus facilitating the recovery of fused proteins using density-based separation methods. These three novel protein fusion systems have also been shown to enhance the accumulation of a range of different recombinant proteins, while concurrently inducing the formation of protein bodies. The packing of these fusion proteins into protein bodies may exclude the recombinant protein from normal physiological turnover. Furthermore, these systems allow for quick, simple and inexpensive nonchromatographic purification of the recombinant protein, which can be scaled up to industrial levels of protein production. This review will focus on the similarities and differences of these artificial storage organelles, their biogenesis and their implication for the production of recombinant proteins in plants and their subsequent purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Conley
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
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21
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Morris VK, Ren Q, Macindoe I, Kwan AH, Byrne N, Sunde M. Recruitment of class I hydrophobins to the air:water interface initiates a multi-step process of functional amyloid formation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:15955-63. [PMID: 21454575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.214197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I fungal hydrophobins form amphipathic monolayers composed of amyloid rodlets. This is a remarkable case of functional amyloid formation in that a hydrophobic:hydrophilic interface is required to trigger the self-assembly of the proteins. The mechanism of rodlet formation and the role of the interface in this process have not been well understood. Here, we have studied the effect of a range of additives, including ionic liquids, alcohols, and detergents, on rodlet formation by two class I hydrophobins, EAS and DewA. Although the conformation of the hydrophobins in these different solutions is not altered, we observe that the rate of rodlet formation is slowed as the surface tension of the solution is decreased, regardless of the nature of the additive. These results suggest that interface properties are of critical importance for the recruitment, alignment, and structural rearrangement of the amphipathic hydrophobin monomers. This work gives insight into the forces that drive macromolecular assembly of this unique family of proteins and allows us to propose a three-stage model for the interface-driven formation of rodlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa K Morris
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Zampieri F, Wösten HAB, Scholtmeijer K. Creating Surface Properties Using a Palette of Hydrophobins. MATERIALS 2010; 3:4607-4625. [PMID: 28883343 PMCID: PMC5445765 DOI: 10.3390/ma3094607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Small secreted proteins called hydrophobins play diverse roles in the life cycle of filamentous fungi. For example, the hydrophobin SC3 of Schizophyllum commune is involved in aerial hyphae formation, cell-wall assembly and attachment to hydrophobic surfaces. Hydrophobins are capable of self-assembly at a hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface, resulting in the formation of an amphipathic film. This amphipathic film can make hydrophobic surfaces of a liquid or a solid material wettable, while a hydrophilic surface can be turned into a hydrophobic one. These properties, among others, make hydrophobins of interest for medical and technical applications. For instance, hydrophobins can be used to purify proteins from complex mixtures; to reduce the friction of materials; to increase the biocompatibility of medical implants; to increase the solubility of water insoluble drugs; and to immobilize enzymes, for example, biosensor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zampieri
- Microbiology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- BiOMaDe Technology Foundation, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
| | - Han A B Wösten
- Microbiology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin Scholtmeijer
- Microbiology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
AbstractThe thiazol dye Thioflavin T (ThT), which is used to stain amyloid fibrils, was found to have strong inhibitory effects on both growth and conidiation of the deuteromycete Trichoderma viride at concentrations between 10–100 µg/ml (ca. 30–300 µmol/l). Thioflavin S (ThS), also known to stain amyloid fibrils, had no significant effect at these concentrations. Both stains yielded a fluorescence response, but their distributions were different. ThT was non-homogenously distributed throughout the cytoplasm, whereas ThS fluorescence was strongly bound to septal regions. The effect of ThT was studied on several model microorganisms. It exerted a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium) (MIC=10 µmol/l), but the effect on Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacterium) was one order of magnitude less pronounced. The effect on Candida albicans was also very strong (MIC=50 µmol/l). The dermatophytic fungus Microsporum gypseum and deuteromycete Alternaria alternata were less affected by ThT (MIC=250 µmol/l and >500 µmol/l, respectively). These results show that ThT could be a useful inhibitor of selected microorganisms, whereas ThS could be a useful agent for monitoring formation and maintenance of intrahyphal septa without inhibiting the growth of the microorganism.
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24
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Joensuu JJ, Conley AJ, Lienemann M, Brandle JE, Linder MB, Menassa R. Hydrophobin fusions for high-level transient protein expression and purification in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 152:622-33. [PMID: 20018596 PMCID: PMC2815860 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.149021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient accumulation levels of recombinant proteins in plants and the lack of efficient purification methods for recovering these valuable proteins have hindered the development of plant biotechnology applications. Hydrophobins are small and surface-active proteins derived from filamentous fungi that can be easily purified by a surfactant-based aqueous two-phase system. In this study, the hydrophobin HFBI sequence from Trichoderma reesei was fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration. The HFBI fusion significantly enhanced the accumulation of GFP, with the concentration of the fusion protein reaching 51% of total soluble protein, while also delaying necrosis of the infiltrated leaves. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum-targeted GFP-HFBI fusion induced the formation of large novel protein bodies. A simple and scalable surfactant-based aqueous two-phase system was optimized to recover the HFBI fusion proteins from leaf extracts. The single-step phase separation was able to selectively recover up to 91% of the GFP-HFBI up to concentrations of 10 mg mL(-1). HFBI fusions increased the expression levels of plant-made recombinant proteins while also providing a simple means for their subsequent purification. This hydrophobin fusion technology, when combined with the speed and posttranslational modification capabilities of plants, enhances the value of transient plant-based expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi J Joensuu
- VTT Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, 02044 VTT, Finland.
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25
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26
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Scholtmeijer K, de Vocht ML, Rink R, Robillard GT, Wösten HAB. Assembly of the fungal SC3 hydrophobin into functional amyloid fibrils depends on its concentration and is promoted by cell wall polysaccharides. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:26309-14. [PMID: 19654326 PMCID: PMC2785318 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.005553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I hydrophobins function in fungal growth and development by self-assembling at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces into amyloid-like fibrils. SC3 of the mushroom-forming fungus Schizophyllum commune is the best studied class I hydrophobin. This protein spontaneously adopts the amyloid state at the water-air interface. In contrast, SC3 is arrested in an intermediate conformation at the interface between water and a hydrophobic solid such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; Teflon). This finding prompted us to study conditions that promote assembly of SC3 into amyloid fibrils. Here, we show that SC3 adopts the amyloid state at the water-PTFE interface at high concentration (300 microg ml(-1)) and prolonged incubation (16 h). Moreover, we show that amyloid formation at both the water-air and water-PTFE interfaces is promoted by the cell wall components schizophyllan (beta(1-3),beta(1-6)-glucan) and beta(1-3)-glucan. Hydrophobin concentration and cell wall polysaccharides thus contribute to the role of SC3 in formation of aerial hyphae and in hyphal attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Scholtmeijer
- BioMaDe Technology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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27
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Kisko K, Szilvay GR, Vuorimaa E, Lemmetyinen H, Linder MB, Torkkeli M, Serimaa R. Self-assembled films of hydrophobin proteins HFBI and HFBII studied in situ at the air/water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:1612-1619. [PMID: 19093751 DOI: 10.1021/la803252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are a group of surface-active fungal proteins known to adsorb to the air/water interface and self-assemble into highly crystalline films. We characterized the self-assembled protein films of two hydrophobins, HFBI and HFBII from Trichoderma reesei, directly at the air/water interface using Brewster angle microscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, and reflectivity. Already in zero surface pressure, HFBI and HFBII self-assembled into micrometer-sized rafts containing hexagonally ordered two-dimensional crystallites with lattice constants of 55 A and 56 A, respectively. Increasing the pressure did not change the ordering of the proteins in the crystallites. According to the reflectivity measurements, the thicknesses of the hydrophobin films were 28 A (HFBI) and 24 A (HFBII) at 20 mN/m. The stable films could also be transferred to a silicon substrate. Modeling of the diffraction data indicated that both hydrophobin films contained six molecules in the unit cell, but the ordering of the molecules was somewhat different for HFBI and HFBII, suggesting specific protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kisko
- Division of Materials Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, POB 64, FI-00014, Finland.
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28
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29
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Kwan AH, Macindoe I, Vukasin PV, Morris VK, Kass I, Gupte R, Mark AE, Templeton MD, Mackay JP, Sunde M. The Cys3-Cys4 loop of the hydrophobin EAS is not required for rodlet formation and surface activity. J Mol Biol 2008; 382:708-20. [PMID: 18674544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Class I hydrophobins are fungal proteins that self-assemble into robust amphipathic rodlet monolayers on the surface of aerial structures such as spores and fruiting bodies. These layers share many structural characteristics with amyloid fibrils and belong to the growing family of functional amyloid-like materials produced by microorganisms. Although the three-dimensional structure of the soluble monomeric form of a class I hydrophobin has been determined, little is known about the molecular structure of the rodlets or their assembly mechanism. Several models have been proposed, some of which suggest that the Cys3-Cys4 loop has a critical role in the initiation of assembly or in the polymeric structure. In order to provide insight into the relationship between hydrophobin sequence and rodlet assembly, we investigated the role of the Cys3-Cys4 loop in EAS, a class I hydrophobin from Neurospora crassa. Remarkably, deletion of up to 15 residues from this 25-residue loop does not impair rodlet formation or reduce the surface activity of the protein, and the physicochemical properties of rodlets formed by this mutant are indistinguishable from those of its full-length counterpart. In addition, the core structure of the truncation mutant is essentially unchanged. Molecular dynamics simulations carried out on the full-length protein and this truncation mutant binding to an air-water interface show that, although it is hydrophobic, the loop does not play a role in positioning the protein at the surface. These results demonstrate that the Cys3-Cys4 loop does not have an integral role in the formation or structure of the rodlets and that the major determinant of the unique properties of these proteins is the amphipathic core structure, which is likely to be preserved in all hydrophobins despite the high degree of sequence variation across the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann H Kwan
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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30
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Kisko K, Szilvay GR, Vainio U, Linder MB, Serimaa R. Interactions of hydrophobin proteins in solution studied by small-angle X-ray scattering. Biophys J 2008; 94:198-206. [PMID: 17827247 PMCID: PMC2134873 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are a group of very surface-active, fungal proteins known to self-assemble on various hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces. The self-assembled films coat fungal structures and mediate their attachment to surfaces. Hydrophobins are also soluble in water. Here, the association of hydrophobins HFBI and HFBII from Trichoderma reesei in aqueous solution was studied using small-angle x-ray scattering. Both HFBI and HFBII exist mainly as tetramers in solution in the concentration range 0.5-10 mg/ml. The assemblies of HFBII dissociate more easily than those of HFBI, which can tolerate changes of pH from 3 to 9 and temperatures in the range 5 degrees C-60 degrees C. The self-association of HFBI and HFBII is mainly driven by the hydrophobic effect, and addition of salts along the Hofmeister series promotes the formation of larger assemblies, whereas ethanol breaks the tetramers into monomers. The possibility that the oligomers in solution form the building blocks of the self-assembled film at the air/water interface is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kisko
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 HU, Finland.
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31
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van der Zeyden M, Oldenziel WH, Rea K, Cremers TI, Westerink BH. Microdialysis of GABA and glutamate: analysis, interpretation and comparison with microsensors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 90:135-47. [PMID: 17939932 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
GABA and glutamate sampled from the brain by microdialysis do not always fulfill the classic criteria for exocytotic release. In this regard the origin (neuronal vs. astroglial, synaptic vs. extrasynaptic) of glutamate and GABA collected by microdialysis as well as in the ECF itself, is still a matter of debate. In this overview microdialysis of GABA and glutamate and the use of microsensors to detect extracellular glutamate are compared and discussed. During basal conditions glutamate in microdialysates is mainly derived from non-synaptic sources. Indeed recently several sources of astrocytic glutamate release have been described, including glutamate derived from gliotransmission. However during conditions of (chemical, electrical or behavioral) stimulation a significant part of glutamate might be derived from neurotransmission. Interestingly accumulating evidence suggests that glutamate determined by microsensors is more likely to reflect basal synaptic events. This would mean that microdialysis and microsensors are complementary methods to study extracellular glutamate. Regarding GABA we concluded that the chromatographic conditions for the separation of this transmitter from other amino acid-derivatives are extremely critical. Optimal conditions to detect GABA in microdialysis samples--at least in our laboratory--include a retention time of approximately 60 min and a careful control of the pH of the mobile phase. Under these conditions it appears that 50-70% of GABA in dialysates is derived from neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda van der Zeyden
- Department of Biomonitoring and Sensoring, University Centre for Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Sunde M, Kwan AHY, Templeton MD, Beever RE, Mackay JP. Structural analysis of hydrophobins. Micron 2007; 39:773-84. [PMID: 17875392 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are a remarkable class of small cysteine-rich proteins found exclusively in fungi. They self-assemble to form robust polymeric monolayers that are highly amphipathic and play numerous roles in fungal biology, such as in the formation and dispersal of aerial spores and in pathogenic and mutualistic interactions. The polymeric form can be reversibly disassembled and is able to reverse the wettability of a surface, leading to many proposals for nanotechnological applications over recent years. The surprising properties of hydrophobins and their potential for commercialization have led to substantial efforts to delineate their morphology and molecular structure. In this review, we summarize the progress that has been made using a variety of spectroscopic and microscopic approaches towards understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hydrophobin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Sunde
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Kallio JM, Linder MB, Rouvinen J. Crystal structures of hydrophobin HFBII in the presence of detergent implicate the formation of fibrils and monolayer films. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:28733-28739. [PMID: 17636262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704238200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small, amphiphilic proteins secreted by filamentous fungi. Their functionality arises from a patch of hydrophobic residues on the protein surface. Spontaneous self-assembly of hydrophobins leads to the formation of an amphiphilic layer that remarkably reduces the surface tension of water. We have determined by x-ray diffraction two new crystal structures of Trichoderma reesei hydrophobin HFBII in the presence of a detergent. The monoclinic crystal structure (2.2A resolution, R = 22, R(free) = 28) is composed of layers of hydrophobin molecules where the hydrophobic surface areas of the molecules are aligned within the layer. Viewed perpendicular to the aligned hydrophobic surface areas, the molecules in the layer pack together to form six-membered rings, thus leaving small pores in the layer. Similar packing has been observed in the atomic force microscopy images of the self-assembled layers of class II hydrophobin, indicating that the crystal structure resembles that of natural hydrophobin film. The orthorhombic crystal structure (1.0 A resolution, R = 13, R(free) = 15) is composed of fiber-like arrays of protein molecules. Rodlet structures have been observed on amphiphilic layers formed by class I hydrophobins; fibrils of class II hydrophobins appear by vigorous shaking. We propose that the structure of the fibrils and/or rodlets is similar to that observed in the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Kallio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P. O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Markus B Linder
- VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, 02044 VTT, 2 Tietotie, Finland
| | - Juha Rouvinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P. O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Viterbo A, Chet I. TasHyd1, a new hydrophobin gene from the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum, is involved in plant root colonization. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2006; 7:249-58. [PMID: 20507444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY A hydrophobin-like clone (TasHyd1) was isolated during a PCR differential mRNA display analysis conducted on Trichoderma asperellum mycelia interacting with plant roots. The open reading frame encodes a 145-amino-acid protein showing similarity to Pbhyd1, a Class I hydrophobin from the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. TasHyd1 expression was detected in planta up to 5 days after Trichoderma root inoculation. TasHyd1 is constitutively expressed at low levels in mycelia in young cultures but gene expression is not detected in sporulating hyphae or in non-germinating spores. Carbon limitation stimulates expression of TasHyd1 whereas nitrogen or phosphate starvation down-regulate expression. TasHyd1 fused to an HA tag was over-expressed in Trichoderma and the protein was detected with an anti-HA antibody in the trifluoroacetic-acid-soluble fraction of mycelial cell walls. Over-expressor mutants were not affected in their mycoparasitic activity when tested in vitro against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and retained root colonization capacity comparable with that of the wild-type. TasHyd1 deletion mutants had no significant reduction in in vitro mycoparasitic activity but were altered in their wettability and were severely impaired in root attachment and colonization. These phenotypes were recovered by complementation of TasHyd1, indicating that the protein is a new hydrophobin that contributes to Trichoderma interaction with the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Viterbo
- Department of Plant Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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Fan H, Wang X, Zhu J, Robillard GT, Mark AE. Molecular dynamics simulations of the hydrophobin SC3 at a hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface. Proteins 2006; 64:863-73. [PMID: 16770796 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small ( approximately 100 aa) proteins that have an important role in the growth and development of mycelial fungi. They are surface active and, after secretion by the fungi, self-assemble into amphipathic membranes at hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces, reversing the hydrophobicity of the surface. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation techniques have been used to model the process by which a specific class I hydrophobin, SC3, binds to a range of hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces. The structure of SC3 used in this investigation was modeled based on the crystal structure of the class II hydrophobin HFBII using the assumption that the disulfide pairings of the eight conserved cysteine residues are maintained. The proposed model for SC3 in aqueous solution is compact and globular containing primarily beta-strand and coil structures. The behavior of this model of SC3 was investigated at an air/water, an oil/water, and a hydrophobic solid/water interface. It was found that SC3 preferentially binds to the interfaces via the loop region between the third and fourth cysteine residues and that binding is associated with an increase in alpha-helix formation in qualitative agreement with experiment. Based on a combination of the available experiment data and the current simulation studies, we propose a possible model for SC3 self-assembly on a hydrophobic solid/water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Askolin S, Linder M, Scholtmeijer K, Tenkanen M, Penttilä M, de Vocht ML, Wösten HAB. Interaction and Comparison of a Class I Hydrophobin from Schizophyllum commune and Class II Hydrophobins from Trichoderma reesei. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:1295-301. [PMID: 16602752 DOI: 10.1021/bm050676s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobins fulfill a wide spectrum of functions in fungal growth and development. These proteins self-assemble at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces into amphipathic membranes. Hydrophobins are divided into two classes based on their hydropathy patterns and solubility. We show here that the properties of the class II hydrophobins HFBI and HFBII of Trichoderma reesei differ from those of the class I hydrophobin SC3 of Schizophyllum commune. In contrast to SC3, self-assembly of HFBI and HFBII at the water-air interface was neither accompanied by a change in secondary structure nor by a change in ultrastructure. Moreover, maximal lowering of the water surface tension was obtained instantly or took several minutes in the case of HFBII and HFBI, respectively. In contrast, it took several hours in the case of SC3. Oil emulsions prepared with HFBI and SC3 were more stable than those of HFBII, and HFBI and SC3 also interacted more strongly with the hydrophobic Teflon surface making it wettable. Yet, the HFBI coating did not resist treatment with hot detergent, while that of SC3 remained unaffected. Interaction of all the hydrophobins with Teflon was accompanied with a change in the circular dichroism spectra, indicating the formation of an alpha-helical structure. HFBI and HFBII did not affect self-assembly of the class I hydrophobin SC3 of S. commune and vice versa. However, precipitation of SC3 was reduced by the class II hydrophobins, indicating interaction between the assemblies of both classes of hydrophobins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Askolin
- VTT Biotechnology, FI-02044 VTT, Finland, Biomade Technology, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Kwan AHY, Winefield RD, Sunde M, Matthews JM, Haverkamp RG, Templeton MD, Mackay JP. Structural basis for rodlet assembly in fungal hydrophobins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:3621-6. [PMID: 16537446 PMCID: PMC1533775 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0505704103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I hydrophobins are a unique family of fungal proteins that form a polymeric, water-repellent monolayer on the surface of structures such as spores and fruiting bodies. Similar monolayers are being discovered on an increasing range of important microorganisms. Hydrophobin monolayers are amphipathic and particularly robust, and they reverse the wettability of the surface on which they are formed. There are also significant similarities between these polymers and amyloid-like fibrils. However, structural information on these proteins and the rodlets they form has been elusive. Here, we describe the three-dimensional structure of the monomeric form of the class I hydrophobin EAS. EAS forms a beta-barrel structure punctuated by several disordered regions and displays a complete segregation of charged and hydrophobic residues on its surface. This structure is consistent with its ability to form an amphipathic polymer. By using this structure, together with data from mutagenesis and previous biophysical studies, we have been able to propose a model for the polymeric rodlet structure adopted by these proteins. X-ray fiber diffraction data from EAS rodlets are consistent with our model. Our data provide molecular insight into the nature of hydrophobin rodlet films and extend our understanding of the fibrillar beta-structures that continue to be discovered in the protein world.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. H. Y. Kwan
- *School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - R. D. Winefield
- Horticultural and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; and
- Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M. Sunde
- *School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - J. M. Matthews
- *School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - R. G. Haverkamp
- Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M. D. Templeton
- Horticultural and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed at:
Bioprotection Group, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 92-169, Auckland, New Zealand. E-mail:
| | - J. P. Mackay
- *School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
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