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Goyal D, Kumar H. In Vivo and 3D Imaging Technique(s) for Spatiotemporal Mapping of Pathological Events in Experimental Model(s) of Spinal Cord Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:809-819. [PMID: 36787542 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial damage, astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neuronal degeneration are the most common events after spinal cord injury (SCI). Studies highlighted that studying the spatiotemporal profile of these events might provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of SCI. For imaging of these events, available conventional techniques such as 2-dimensional histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are well established and frequently used to visualize and detect the altered expression of the protein of interest involved in these events. However, the technique requires the physical sectioning of the tissue, and results are also open to misinterpretation. Currently, researchers are focusing more attention toward the advanced tools for imaging the spinal cord's various physiological and pathological parameters. The tools include two-photon imaging, light sheet fluorescence microscopy, in vivo imaging system with fluorescent probes, and in vivo chemical and fluorescent protein-expressing viral-tracers. These techniques outperform the limitations associated with conventional techniques in various aspects, such as optical sectioning of tissue, 3D reconstructed imaging, and imaging of particular planes of interest. In addition to this, these techniques are minimally invasive and less time-consuming. In this review, we will discuss the various advanced imaging methodologies that will evolve in the future to explore the fundamental mechanisms after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat India, 382355
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat India, 382355
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2
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Peres C, Nardin C, Yang G, Mammano F. Commercially derived versatile optical architecture for two-photon STED, wavelength mixing and label-free microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1410-1429. [PMID: 35414982 PMCID: PMC8973165 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal microscopy combines multiple non-linear techniques that take advantage of different optical processes to generate contrast and increase the amount of information that can be obtained from biological samples. However, the most advanced optical architectures are typically custom-made and often require on-site adjustment of optical components performed by trained personnel for optimal performance. Here, we describe a hybrid system we built based on a commercial upright microscope. We show that our multimodal imaging platform can be used to seamlessly perform two-photon STED, wavelength mixing and label-free microscopy in both ex vivo and in vivo turbid samples. The system is stable and endowed with remote alignment hardware that ensures long-term operability also for non-expert users, using the alignment protocol described in this article and in the related material. This optical architecture is an important step forward towards a wider practical applicability of non-linear optics to bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Peres
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Nardin
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Fabio Mammano
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
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3
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Shah S, Baldelli S. Vibrational Ground-State depletion for enhanced resolution sum frequency generation microscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Li B, Li J, Gan W, Tan Y, Yuan Q. Unveiling the Molecular Dynamics in a Living Cell to the Subcellular Organelle Level Using Second-Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy and Microscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14146-14152. [PMID: 34648265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been proved to be a powerful method for investigating the structures of biomaterials. SHG spectra were also generally used to probe the adsorption and cross-membrane transport of molecules on lipid bilayers in situ and in real time. In this work, we applied SHG and two-photon fluorescence (TPF) spectra to investigate the dynamics of an amphiphilic ion with an SHG and TPF chromophore, D289 (4-(4-diethylaminostyry)-1-methyl-pyridinium iodide), on the surface of human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells and the subcellular structures inside the cells. The adsorption and cross-membrane transport of D289 into the cells and then into the organelles such as mitochondria were revealed. SHG images were also recorded and used to demonstrate their capability of probing molecular dynamics in organelles in K562 cells. This work demonstrated the first SHG investigation of the cross-membrane transport dynamics on the surface of subcellular organelles. It may also shed light on the differentiation of different types of subcellular structures in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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5
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Mizuguchi T, Nuriya M. Applications of second harmonic generation (SHG)/sum-frequency generation (SFG) imaging for biophysical characterization of the plasma membrane. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:10.1007/s12551-020-00768-4. [PMID: 33108561 PMCID: PMC7755958 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer of < 10 nm width that separates intra- and extra-cellular environments and serves as the site of cell-cell communication, as well as communication between cells and the extracellular environment. As such, biophysical phenomena at and around the plasma membrane play key roles in determining cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Thus, the selective visualization and characterization of the plasma membrane are crucial aspects of research in wide areas of biology and medicine. However, the specific characterization of the plasma membrane has been a challenge using conventional imaging techniques, which are unable to effectively distinguish between signals arising from the plasma membrane and those from intracellular lipid structures. In this regard, interface-specific second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) imaging demonstrate great potential. When combined with exogenous SHG/SFG active dyes, SHG/SFG can specifically highlight the plasma membrane as the most prominent interface associated with cells. Furthermore, SHG/SFG imaging can be readily extended to multimodal multiphoton microscopy with simultaneous occurrence of other multiphoton phenomena, including multiphoton excitation and coherent Raman scattering, which shed light on the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane from different perspectives. Here, we review traditional and current applications, as well as the prospects of long-known but unexplored SHG/SFG imaging techniques in biophysics, with special focus on their use in the biophysical characterization of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaha Mizuguchi
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Nuriya
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Keio Advanced Research Center for Water Biology and Medicine, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8345, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
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6
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Spatially dependent H-bond dynamics at interfaces of water/biomimetic self-assembled lattice materials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23385-23392. [PMID: 32907936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001861117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding hydrogen-bond interactions in self-assembled lattice materials is crucial for preparing such materials, but the role of hydrogen bonds (H bonds) remains unclear. To gain insight into H-bond interactions at the materials' intrinsic spatial scale, we investigated ultrafast H-bond dynamics between water and biomimetic self-assembled lattice materials (composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate and β-cyclodextrin) in a spatially resolved manner. To accomplish this, we developed an infrared pump, vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) probe hyperspectral microscope. With this hyperspectral imaging method, we were able to observe that the primary and secondary OH groups of β-cyclodextrin exhibit markedly different dynamics, suggesting distinct H-bond environments, despite being separated by only a few angstroms. We also observed another ultrafast dynamic reflecting a weakening and restoring of H bonds between bound water and the secondary OH of β-cyclodextrin, which exhibited spatial uniformity within self-assembled domains, but heterogeneity between domains. The restoration dynamics further suggest heterogeneous hydration among the self-assembly domains. The ultrafast nature and meso- and microscopic ordering of H-bond dynamics could contribute to the flexibility and crystallinity of the material--two critically important factors for crystalline lattice self-assemblies--shedding light on engineering intermolecular interactions for self-assembled lattice materials.
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7
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Hosseinpour S, Roeters SJ, Bonn M, Peukert W, Woutersen S, Weidner T. Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Peptides and Proteins from Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3420-3465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Hosseinpour
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 EP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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8
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Lee HJ, Jiang Y, Cheng JX. Label-free Optical Imaging of Membrane Potential. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 12:118-125. [PMID: 32864527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Offering high temporal resolution, voltage imaging is an important and essential technique in neuroscience. Among different optical imaging approaches, the label-free approach remains attractive due to its unique value coming from free of exogenous chromophores. The intrinsic voltage-indicating signals arising from membrane deformation, membrane spectral change, phase shift, light scattering, and membrane hydration haven been reported. First demonstrated 70 years ago, label-free optical imaging of membrane potential is still at an early stage and the field is challenged by the relatively small signals generated by the intrinsic optical properties. We review major contrast mechanisms used for label-free voltage imaging and discuss several recent exciting advances that could potentially enable membrane potential imaging in mammalian neurons at high speed and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jeong Lee
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ying Jiang
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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9
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Lanin AA, Pochechuev MS, Chebotarev AS, Kelmanson IV, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Nonlinear-optical stain-free stereoimaging of astrocytes and gliovascular interfaces. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800432. [PMID: 30891920 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methods of nonlinear optics provide a vast arsenal of tools for label-free brain imaging, offering a unique combination of chemical specificity, the ability to detect fine morphological features, and an unprecedentedly high, subdiffraction spatial resolution. While these techniques provide a rapidly growing platform for the microscopy of neurons and fine intraneural structures, optical imaging of astroglia still largely relies on filament-protein-antibody staining, subject to limitations and difficulties especially severe in live-brain studies. Once viewed as an ancillary, inert brain scaffold, astroglia are being promoted, as a part of an ongoing paradigm shift in neurosciences, into the role of a key active agent of intercellular communication and information processing, playing a significant role in brain functioning under normal and pathological conditions. Here, we show that methods of nonlinear optics provide a unique resource to address long-standing challenges in label-free astroglia imaging. We demonstrate that, with a suitable beam-focusing geometry and careful driver-pulse compression, microscopy of second-harmonic generation (SHG) can enable a high-resolution label-free imaging of fibrillar structures of astrocytes, most notably astrocyte processes and their endfeet. SHG microscopy of astrocytes is integrated in our approach with nonlinear-optical imaging of red blood cells based on third-harmonic generation (THG) enhanced by a three-photon resonance with the Soret band of hemoglobin. With astroglia and red blood cells providing two physically distinct imaging contrasts in SHG and THG channels, a parallel detection of the second and third harmonics enables a high-contrast, high-resolution, stain-free stereoimaging of gliovascular interfaces in the central nervous system. Transverse scans of the second and third harmonics are shown to resolve an ultrafine texture of blood-vessel walls and astrocyte-process endfeet on gliovascular interfaces with a spatial resolution within 1 μm at focusing depths up to 20 μm inside a brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Lanin
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matvei S Pochechuev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem S Chebotarev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V Kelmanson
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Wang H, Chen W, Wagner JC, Xiong W. Local Ordering of Lattice Self-Assembled SDS@2β-CD Materials and Adsorbed Water Revealed by Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Microscope. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6212-6221. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Wenfan Chen
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0418, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
| | - Jackson C. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0418, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
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11
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Probing microtubules polarity in mitotic spindles in situ using Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6758. [PMID: 28754928 PMCID: PMC5533768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The polarity of microtubules is thought to be involved in spindle assembly, cytokinesis or active molecular transport. However, its exact role remains poorly understood, mainly because of the challenge to measure microtubule polarity in intact cells. We report here the use of fast Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation microscopy to study the polarity of microtubules forming the mitotic spindles in a zebrafish embryo. This technique provides a powerful tool to study mitotic spindle formation and may be directly transferable for investigating the kinetics and function of microtubule polarity in other aspects of subcellular motility or in native tissues.
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12
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Liu AP, Chaudhuri O, Parekh SH. New advances in probing cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:383-405. [PMID: 28352896 PMCID: PMC5708530 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical support to cells within tissues. An emerging body of evidence has established that the ECM plays a key role in cell mechanotransduction - the study of coupling between mechanical inputs and cellular phenotype - through either mediating transmission of forces to the cells, or presenting mechanical cues that guide cellular behaviors. Recent progress in cell mechanotransduction research has been facilitated by advances of experimental tools, particularly microtechnologies, engineered biomaterials, and imaging and analytical methods. Microtechnologies have enabled the design and fabrication of controlled physical microenvironments for the study and measurement of cell-ECM interactions. Advances in engineered biomaterials have allowed researchers to develop synthetic ECMs that mimic tissue microenvironments and investigate the impact of altered physicochemical properties on various cellular processes. Finally, advanced imaging and spectroscopy techniques have facilitated the visualization of the complex interaction between cells and ECM in vitro and in living tissues. This review will highlight the application of recent innovations in these areas to probing cell-ECM interactions. We believe cross-disciplinary approaches, combining aspects of the different technologies reviewed here, will inspire innovative ideas to further elucidate the secrets of ECM-mediated cell control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
- Biophysics Program , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy , Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Mainz 55128 , Germany .
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13
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Rougon G, Brasselet S, Debarbieux F. Advances in Intravital Non-Linear Optical Imaging of the Central Nervous System in Rodents. Brain Plast 2016; 2:31-48. [PMID: 29765847 PMCID: PMC5928564 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-160028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review: Highly coordinated cellular interactions occur in the healthy or pathologic adult rodent central nervous system (CNS). Until recently, technical challenges have restricted the analysis of these events to largely static modes of study such as immuno-fluorescence and electron microscopy on fixed tissues. The development of intravital imaging with subcellular resolution is required to probe the dynamics of these events in their natural context, the living brain. Recent findings: This review focuses on the recently developed live non-linear optical imaging modalities, the core principles involved, the identified technical challenges that limit their use and the scope of their applications. We highlight some practical applications for these modalities with a specific attention given to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS characterized by the formation of disseminated demyelinating lesions accompanied by axonal degeneration. Summary: We conclude that label-free nonlinear optical imaging combined to two photon imaging will continue to contribute richly to comprehend brain function and pathogenesis and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Rougon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Debarbieux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Marseille, France
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14
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Vogel M, Wingert A, Fink RHA, Hagl C, Ganikhanov F, Pfeffer CP. Enabling the detection of UV signal in multimodal nonlinear microscopy with catalogue lens components. J Microsc 2015; 260:62-72. [PMID: 26016390 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Using an optical system made from fused silica catalogue optical components, third-order nonlinear microscopy has been enabled on conventional Ti:sapphire laser-based multiphoton microscopy setups. The optical system is designed using two lens groups with straightforward adaptation to other microscope stands when one of the lens groups is exchanged. Within the theoretical design, the optical system collects and transmits light with wavelengths between the near ultraviolet and the near infrared from an object field of at least 1 mm in diameter within a resulting numerical aperture of up to 0.56. The numerical aperture can be controlled with a variable aperture stop between the two lens groups of the condenser. We demonstrate this new detection capability in third harmonic generation imaging experiments at the harmonic wavelength of ∼300 nm and in multimodal nonlinear optical imaging experiments using third-order sum frequency generation and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy so that the wavelengths of the detected signals range from ∼300 nm to ∼660 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vogel
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Axel Wingert
- Medical Biophysics Group, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer H A Fink
- Medical Biophysics Group, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munchen, Germany
| | - Feruz Ganikhanov
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Christian P Pfeffer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munchen, Germany.,Department of Craniofacial and Developmental Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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15
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Allgeyer ES, Sterling SM, Gunewardene MS, Hess ST, Neivandt DJ, Mason MD. Combining total internal reflection sum frequency spectroscopy spectral imaging and confocal fluorescence microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:987-994. [PMID: 25506739 DOI: 10.1021/la5036932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding surface and interfacial lateral organization in material and biological systems is critical in nearly every field of science. The continued development of tools and techniques viable for elucidation of interfacial and surface information is therefore necessary to address new questions and further current investigations. Sum frequency spectroscopy (SFS) is a label-free, nonlinear optical technique with inherent surface specificity that can yield critical organizational information on interfacial species. Unfortunately, SFS provides no spatial information on a surface; small scale heterogeneities that may exist are averaged over the large areas typically probed. Over the past decade, this has begun to be addressed with the advent of SFS microscopy. Here we detail the construction and function of a total internal reflection (TIR) SFS spectral and confocal fluorescence imaging microscope directly amenable to surface investigations. This instrument combines, for the first time, sample scanning TIR-SFS imaging with confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Allgeyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and §Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine , Orono, Maine 04469, United States
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16
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Measuring microtubule polarity in spindles with second-harmonic generation. Biophys J 2014; 106:1578-87. [PMID: 24739157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial organization of microtubule polarity, and the interplay between microtubule polarity and protein localization, is thought to be crucial for spindle assembly, anaphase, and cytokinesis, but these phenomena remain poorly understood, in part due to the difficulty of measuring microtubule polarity in spindles. We develop and implement a method to nonperturbatively and quantitatively measure microtubule polarity throughout spindles using a combination of second-harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence. We validate this method using computer simulations and by comparison to structural data on spindles obtained from electron tomography and laser ablation. This method should provide a powerful tool for studying spindle organization and function, and may be applicable for investigating microtubule polarity in other systems.
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17
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Camp CH, Lee YJ, Heddleston JM, Hartshorn CM, Hight Walker AR, Rich JN, Lathia JD, Cicerone MT. High-Speed Coherent Raman Fingerprint Imaging of Biological Tissues. NATURE PHOTONICS 2014; 8:627-634. [PMID: 25621002 PMCID: PMC4304702 DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2014.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An imaging platform based on broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) has been developed which provides an advantageous combination of speed, sensitivity and spectral breadth. The system utilizes a configuration of laser sources that probes the entire biologically-relevant Raman window (500 cm-1 to 3500 cm-1) with high resolution (< 10 cm-1). It strongly and efficiently stimulates Raman transitions within the typically weak "fingerprint" region using intrapulse 3-colour excitation, and utilizes the nonresonant background (NRB) to heterodyne amplify weak Raman signals. We demonstrate high-speed chemical imaging in two- and three-dimensional views of healthy murine liver and pancreas tissues and interfaces between xenograft brain tumours and the surrounding healthy brain matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Camp
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Young Jong Lee
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - John M. Heddleston
- Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Christopher M. Hartshorn
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Angela R. Hight Walker
- Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Marcus T. Cicerone
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.T.C
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Theoretical and experimental SHG angular intensity patterns from healthy and proteolysed muscles. Biophys J 2013; 104:1959-68. [PMID: 23663839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SHG angular intensity pattern (SHG-AIP) of healthy and proteolysed muscle tissues are simulated and imaged here for the first time to our knowledge. The role of the spatial distribution of second-order nonlinear emitters on SHG-AIP is highlighted. SHG-AIP with two symmetrical spots is found to be a signature of healthy muscle whereas SHG-AIP with one centered spot in pathological mdx muscle is found to be a signature of myofibrillar disorder. We also show that SHG-AIP provides information on the three-dimensional structural organization of myofibrils in physiological and proteolysed muscle. Our results open an avenue for future studies aimed at unraveling more complex physiological and pathological fibrillar tissues organization.
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Conovaloff A, Wang HW, Cheng JX, Panitch A. Imaging growth of neurites in conditioned hydrogel by coherent anti-stokes raman scattering microscopy. Organogenesis 2012; 5:231-7. [PMID: 20539743 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.4.10404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured DRGs in different gel scaffolds were analyzed using CA RS microscopy to determine its possible use as a label-free imaging option for tracking cellular growth in a gel scaffold. This study demonstrates for the first time the applicability of CA RS microscopy to the imaging of live neuronal cells in GAG hydrogels. By tuning the laser beating frequency, omega(p)-omega(s), to match the vibration of C-H bonds in the cell membrane, the CA RS signal yields detailed, high-quality images of neurites with single membrane detection sensitivity. The results demonstrate that CA RS imaging allows monitoring of cellular growth in a tissue scaffold over time, with a contrast that shows comparable cellular structures to those obtained using standard fluorescent staining techniques. These findings show the potential of CARS microscopy to assist in the understanding of organogenesis processes in a tissue scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Conovaloff
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering; West Lafayette, Indiana USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Xiong H, Si LG, Ding C, Yang X, Wu Y. Second-harmonic generation of cylindrical electromagnetic waves propagating in an inhomogeneous and nonlinear medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:016606. [PMID: 22400694 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.016606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A general description of cylindrical electromagnetic waves propagating in nonlinear and inhomogeneous media is given by deducing cylindrical coupled-wave equations. Based on the cylindrical coupled-wave equations, we analyze second-harmonic generation (SHG) of some special cases of inhomogeneity, and find that the inhomogeneity of the first- and second-order polarization can influence the amplitude of the SHG. From a different point of view, exact solutions of cylindrical electromagnetic waves propagating in a nonlinear medium with a special case of inhomogeneity have been obtained previously. We show that cylindrical SHG in an inhomogeneous and nonlinear medium can also be deduced from exact solutions. As verification, we compare the results obtained from the two different methods and find that descriptions of SHG by the coupled-wave equations are in good agreement with the exact solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Imaging of Myelin by Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy. SPRINGER PROTOCOLS HANDBOOKS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-576-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Cai X, Hu B, Sun T, Kelly KF, Baldelli S. Sum frequency generation-compressive sensing microscope. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:194202. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3660202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Rouède D, Recher G, Bellanger JJ, Lavault MT, Schaub E, Tiaho F. Modeling of supramolecular centrosymmetry effect on sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern of skeletal muscles. Biophys J 2011; 101:494-503. [PMID: 21767503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical far-field second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging radiation pattern is calculated for muscular myosin taking into account both Gouy effect and light diffraction under high focusing excitation. Theoretical analysis, in agreement with experimental results obtained on healthy Xenopus muscles, shows that the increase on intensity at the middle of the sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern is generated by an off-axis constructive interference related to the specific antipolar distribution of myosin molecules within the sarcomere. The best fit of the experimental sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern was obtained with an estimated size of antiparallel, intrathick filaments' packing-width of 115 ± 25 nm localized at the M-band. During proteolysis, experimental sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern exhibits decrease on intensity at the center of the sarcomere. An effective intra- and interthick filaments centrosymmetry of 320 ± 25 nm, in agreement with ultrastructural disorganization observed at the electron microscopy level, was necessary to fit the experimental sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern. Our results show that sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern is very sensitive to misalignment of thick filaments and highlights the potential usefulness of SHG microscopy to diagnose proteolysis-induced muscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Rouède
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6251, Rennes, France.
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Breunig HG, Bückle R, Kellner-Höfer M, Weinigel M, Lademann J, Sterry W, König K. Combined in vivo multiphoton and CARS imaging of healthy and disease-affected human skin. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:492-8. [PMID: 21972128 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present combined epi-coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and multiphoton imaging with both chemical discrimination and subcellular resolution on human skin in vivo. The combination of both image modalities enables label-free imaging of the autofluorescence of endogenous fluorophores by two-photon excited fluorescence, as well as imaging of the distribution of intercellular lipids, topically applied substances and water by CARS. As an example for medical imaging, we investigated healthy and psoriasis-affected human skin with both image modalities in vivo and found indications for different lipid distributions on the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Georg Breunig
- JenLab GmbH, Campus D1.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, and Schillerstr 1, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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27
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Huang SH, Hsiao CD, Lin DS, Chow CY, Chang CJ, Liau I. Imaging of zebrafish in vivo with second-harmonic generation reveals shortened sarcomeres associated with myopathy induced by statin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24764. [PMID: 21966365 PMCID: PMC3179478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging and the zebrafish model to investigate the myopathy caused by statin in vivo with emphasis on the altered microstructures of the muscle sarcomere, the fundamental contractile element of muscles. This approach derives an advantage of SHG imaging to observe the striated skeletal muscle of living zebrafish based on signals produced mainly from the thick myosin filament of sarcomeres without employing exogenous labels, and eliminates concern about the distortion of muscle structures caused by sample preparation in conventional histological examination. The treatment with statin caused a significantly shortened sarcomere relative to an untreated control (1.73±0.09 µm vs 1.91±0.08 µm, P<0.05) while the morphological integrity of the muscle fibers remained largely intact. Mechanistic tests indicated that this microstructural disorder was associated with the biosynthetic pathway of cholesterol, or, specifically, with the impaired production of mevalonate by statins. This microstructural disorder exhibited a strong dependence on both the dosage and the duration of treatment, indicating a possibility to assess the severity of muscle injury according to the altered length of the sarcomeres. In contrast to a conventional assessment of muscle injury using clinical biomarkers in blood, such as creatine kinase that is released from only disrupted myocytes, the ability to determine microstructural modification of sarcomeres allows diagnosis of muscle injury before an onset of conventional clinical symptoms. In light of the increasing prevalence of the incidence of muscle injuries caused by new therapies, our work consolidates the combined use of the zebrafish and SHG imaging as an effective and sensitive means to evaluate the safety profile of new therapeutic targets in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | | | - Cho-Yen Chow
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ian Liau
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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28
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Tkaczyk ER, Tkaczyk AH. Multiphoton flow cytometry strategies and applications. Cytometry A 2011; 79:775-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Yue S, Slipchenko MN, Cheng JX. Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2011; 5:10.1002/lpor.201000027. [PMID: 24353747 PMCID: PMC3863942 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Because each nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging modality is sensitive to specific molecules or structures, multimodal NLO imaging capitalizes the potential of NLO microscopy for studies of complex biological tissues. The coupling of multiphoton fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) has allowed investigation of a broad range of biological questions concerning lipid metabolism, cancer development, cardiovascular disease, and skin biology. Moreover, recent research shows the great potential of using CARS microscope as a platform to develop more advanced NLO modalities such as electronic-resonance-enhanced four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering, and pump-probe microscopy. This article reviews the various approaches developed for realization of multimodal NLO imaging as well as developments of new NLO modalities on a CARS microscope. Applications to various aspects of biological and biomedical research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Yue
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Mikhail N. Slipchenko
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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30
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Liu Q, Beier C, Evans J, Lee T, He S, Smalyukh II. Self-alignment of dye molecules in micelles and lamellae for three-dimensional imaging of lyotropic liquid crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:7446-7452. [PMID: 21598933 DOI: 10.1021/la200842z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report alignment of anisotropic amphiphilic dye molecules within oblate and prolate anisotropic micelles and lamellae, the basic building blocks of surfactant-based lyotropic liquid crystals. Absorption and fluorescence transition dipole moments of these dye molecules orient either parallel or orthogonal to the liquid crystal director. This alignment enables three-dimensional visualization of director structures and defects in different lyotropic mesophases by means of fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy and two-photon excitation fluorescence polarizing microscopy. The studied structures include nematic tactoids, Schlieren texture with disclinations in the calamitic nematic phase, oily streaks in the lamellar phase, developable domains in the columnar hexagonal phase, and various types of line defects in the discotic cholesteric phase. Orientational three-dimensional imaging of structures in the lyotropic cholesterics reveals large Burgers vector dislocations in cholesteric layering with singular disclinations in the dislocation cores that are not common for their thermotropic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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31
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Holinga GJ, York RL, Onorato RM, Thompson CM, Webb NE, Yoon AP, Somorjai GA. An SFG Study of Interfacial Amino Acids at the Hydrophilic SiO2 and Hydrophobic Deuterated Polystyrene Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6243-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George J. Holinga
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Roger L. York
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert M. Onorato
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher M. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nic E. Webb
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alfred P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabor A. Somorjai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Huff TB, Shi Y, Sun W, Wu W, Shi R, Cheng JX. Real-time CARS imaging reveals a calpain-dependent pathway for paranodal myelin retraction during high-frequency stimulation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17176. [PMID: 21390223 PMCID: PMC3048389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-frequency electrical stimulation is becoming a promising therapy for neurological disorders, however the response of the central nervous system to stimulation remains poorly understood. The current work investigates the response of myelin to electrical stimulation by laser-scanning coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging of myelin in live spinal tissues in real time. Paranodal myelin retraction at the nodes of Ranvier was observed during 200 Hz electrical stimulation. Retraction was seen to begin minutes after the onset of stimulation and continue for up to 10 min after stimulation was ceased, but was found to reverse after a 2 h recovery period. The myelin retraction resulted in exposure of Kv 1.2 potassium channels visualized by immunofluorescence. Accordingly, treating the stimulated tissue with a potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine, led to the appearance of a shoulder peak in the compound action potential curve. Label-free CARS imaging of myelin coupled with multiphoton fluorescence imaging of immuno-labeled proteins at the nodes of Ranvier revealed that high-frequency stimulation induced paranodal myelin retraction via pathologic calcium influx into axons, calpain activation, and cytoskeleton degradation through spectrin break-down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry B. Huff
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yunzhou Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Wei Wu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Riyi Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang HW, Simianu V, Locker MJ, Cheng JX, Sturek M. Stent-induced coronary artery stenosis characterized by multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:021110. [PMID: 21361673 PMCID: PMC3055586 DOI: 10.1117/1.3533313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time the applicability of multimodal nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy to the interrogation of stented coronary arteries under different diet and stent deployment conditions. Bare metal stents and Taxus drug-eluting stents (DES) were placed in coronary arteries of Ossabaw pigs of control and atherogenic diet groups. Multimodal NLO imaging was performed to inspect changes in arterial structures and compositions after stenting. Sum frequency generation, one of the multimodalities, was used for the quantitative analysis of collagen content in the peristent and in-stent artery segments of both pig groups. Atherogenic diet increased lipid and collagen in peristent segments. In-stent segments showed decreased collagen expression in neointima compared to media. Deployment of DES in atheromatous arteries inhibited collagen expression in the arterial media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Wang
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Trivedi RP, Lee T, Bertness KA, Smalyukh II. Three dimensional optical manipulation and structural imaging of soft materials by use of laser tweezers and multimodal nonlinear microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:27658-27669. [PMID: 21197040 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.027658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We develop an integrated system of holographic optical trapping and multimodal nonlinear microscopy and perform simultaneous three-dimensional optical manipulation and non-invasive structural imaging of composite soft-matter systems. We combine different nonlinear microscopy techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, multi-photon excitation fluorescence and multi-harmonic generation, and use them for visualization of long-range molecular order in soft materials by means of their polarized excitation and detection. The combined system enables us to accomplish manipulation in composite soft materials such as colloidal inclusions in liquid crystals as well as imaging of each separate constituents of the composite material in different nonlinear optical modalities. We also demonstrate optical generation and control of topological defects and simultaneous reconstruction of their three-dimensional long-range molecular orientational patterns from the nonlinear optical images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul P Trivedi
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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35
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Le TT, Yue S, Cheng JX. Shedding new light on lipid biology with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:3091-102. [PMID: 20713649 PMCID: PMC2952550 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r008730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous roles of lipids in biology, the detection of lipids has relied on invasive techniques, population measurements, or nonspecific labeling. Such difficulties can be circumvented by a label-free imaging technique known as coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) microscopy, which is capable of chemically selective, highly sensitive, and high-speed imaging of lipid-rich structures with submicron three-dimensional spatial resolution. We review the broad applications of CARS microscopy to studies of lipid biology in cell cultures, tissue biopsies, and model organisms. Recent technical advances, limitations of the technique, and perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuc T. Le
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Shuhua Yue
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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36
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Lee T, Trivedi RP, Smalyukh II. Multimodal nonlinear optical polarizing microscopy of long-range molecular order in liquid crystals. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:3447-3449. [PMID: 20967095 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate orientation-sensitive multimodal nonlinear optical polarizing microscopy capable of probing orientational, polar, and biaxial features of mesomorphic ordering in soft matter. This technique achieves simultaneous imaging in broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, multiphoton excitation fluorescence, and multiharmonic generation polarizing microscopy modes and is based on the use of a single femtosecond laser and a photonic crystal fiber as sources of the probing light. We show the viability of this technique for mapping of three-dimensional patterns of molecular orientations and show that images obtained in different microscopy modes are consistent with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute,University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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37
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Nawaz H, Bonnier F, Knief P, Howe O, Lyng FM, Meade AD, Byrne HJ. Evaluation of the potential of Raman microspectroscopy for prediction of chemotherapeutic response to cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma. Analyst 2010; 135:3070-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Reeve JE, Anderson HL, Clays K. Dyes for biological second harmonic generation imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13484-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c003720f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Recher G, Rouède D, Richard P, Simon A, Bellanger JJ, Tiaho F. Three distinct sarcomeric patterns of skeletal muscle revealed by SHG and TPEF microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:19763-77. [PMID: 19997197 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.019763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have extensively characterized the sarcomeric SHG signal as a function of animal species (rat versus xenopus), age (adult versus larval) and tissue preparation (fixed or fresh) and we found that the main feature of this signal is a single peak per mature sarcomere (about 85% of all sarcomeres). The remaining (15%) was found to be either double peak per mature sarcomere or mini sarcomeres (half of a sarcomere) using alpha-actinin immuno detection of the Z-band. The mini sarcomeres are often found in region of pitchfork-like SHG pattern. We suggest that double peak SHG pattern could indicate regions of sarcomeric proteolysis whereas pitchfork-like SHG pattern could reveal sarcomeric assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Recher
- Equipe SCANING, UMR UR1-CNRS 6026, Rennes Cedex, France
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Wang HW, Langohr IM, Sturek M, Cheng JX. Imaging and quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic lesions by CARS-based multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1342-8. [PMID: 19520975 PMCID: PMC2741426 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.189316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of label-free multimodal nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy to characterize, and thus enable quantitative in situ analyses of, different atherosclerotic lesion types, according to the original scheme suggested by the AHA Committee. METHODS AND RESULTS Iliac arteries were taken from 24 male Ossabaw pigs divided into lean control and metabolic syndrome groups and were imaged by multimodal NLO microscopy where sum-frequency generation (SFG) and 2-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) were integrated on a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope platform. Foam cells, lipid deposits, matrices, and fibrous caps were visualized with submicron 3D resolution. Starting from the adaptive intimal thickening in the initial stage to the fibrous atheroma or mineralization in the advanced stages, lesions were visualized without labels. Histological staining of each lesion confirmed the lesion stages. Lipid and collagen contents were quantitatively analyzed based on the CARS and SFG signals. Lipid accumulation in thickened intima culminated in type IV whereas the highest collagen deposition was found in Type V lesions. Luminal CARS imaging showed the capability of viewing the location of superficial foam cells that indicate relatively active locus in a lesion artery. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the capability of CARS-based multimodal NLO microscopy to interrogate different stages of lesion development with subcellular detail to permit quantitative analysis of lipid and collagen contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Ingeborg M. Langohr
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Glutamate excitotoxicity inflicts paranodal myelin splitting and retraction. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6705. [PMID: 19693274 PMCID: PMC2725320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paranodal myelin damage is observed in white matter injury. However the culprit for such damage remains unknown. By coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging of myelin sheath in fresh tissues with sub-micron resolution, we observed significant paranodal myelin splitting and retraction following glutamate application both ex vivo and in vivo. Multimodal multiphoton imaging further showed that glutamate application broke axo-glial junctions and exposed juxtaparanodal K+ channels, resulting in axonal conduction deficit that was demonstrated by compound action potential measurements. The use of 4-aminopyridine, a broad-spectrum K+ channel blocker, effectively recovered both the amplitude and width of compound action potentials. Using CARS imaging as a quantitative readout of nodal length to diameter ratio, the same kind of paranodal myelin retraction was observed with applications of Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Moreover, exclusion of Ca2+ from the medium or application of calpain inhibitor abolished paranodal myelin retraction during glutamate exposure. Examinations of glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists further showed that the paranodal myelin damage was mediated by NMDA and kainate receptors. These results suggest that an increased level of glutamate in diseased white matter could impair paranodal myelin through receptor-mediated Ca2+ overloading and subsequent calpain activation.
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Chang Y, Chen C, Chen J, Jin Y, Deng X. Theoretical simulation study of linearly polarized light on microscopic second-harmonic generation in collagen type I. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:044016. [PMID: 19725727 DOI: 10.1117/1.3174427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical model is established for dealing with second-harmonic generation (SHG) in type I collagen excited by linearly polarized light focused by a microscope. With this model, the effects of the polarization angle alpha, numerical aperture (NA), as well as the ratio of hyperpolarizability rho=beta(xxx)beta(xyy) on SHG emission have been investigated. Simulation results reveal that SHG emission power changes periodically as alpha. The use of lower NA leads to weaker SHG emission but is more concentrated in two closer lobes, whereas more distributed emission in two detached lobes appear at higher NA. As the introduction of polarization direction, which is not along with the fiber axis (alpha not equal0 deg), one more element beta(xyy) is valid in our case than beta(xxx) alone, while their ratio rho plays a very important role for collagen features characterization. SHG emission with rho shows complicated modality that SHG emission is different at different alpha and not symmetric at +/-rho except at alpha=0 deg, suggesting the important impact of polarization working on rho for SHG emission. Our theoretical simulation results provide useful clues for experimental study of microscopic SHG emission in collagen excited by linearly polarized beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- South China Normal University, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Shipai, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
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43
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Wang HW, Fu Y, Huff TB, Le TT, Wang H, Cheng JX. Chasing lipids in health and diseases by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 50:160-167. [PMID: 19763281 PMCID: PMC2744966 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The integration of near IR picosecond pulse excitation, collinear beam geometry, epi-detection, and laser-scanning has produced a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope with a detection sensitivity of 10(5) vibrational oscillators, sub-micron 3D resolution, and video-rate acquisition speed. The incorporation of spectral detection and other imaging modalities has added versatility to the CARS microscope. These advances allowed sensitive interrogation of biological samples, particularly lipids that have a high density of CH(2) groups. With initial applications to membrane domains, lipid bodies, demyelinating diseases, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, CARS microscopy is poised to become a powerful bio-imaging tool with the availability of a multifunctional, affordable, easy-to-operate CARS microscope, and the development of CARS endoscopy for in vivo diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yan Fu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Terry B. Huff
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Thuc T. Le
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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44
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Zhang K, Zhang W, Yang CY, Yang H. Bipolar cellular morphology of malignant melanoma in unstained human melanoma skin tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:024042. [PMID: 19405770 DOI: 10.1117/1.3120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microstructures of unstained human melanoma skin tissues have been examined by multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy. The polarized shape of the individual melanoma cell can be readily recognized-a phenotype that has been identified in laboratory cultures as characteristic of proliferating melanocytes but has not been demonstrated in clinical instances. The results thus provide snapshots of invading melanoma cells in their native environment and suggest a practical means of connecting in vitro laboratory studies to in vivo processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- University of California at Berkeley, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Chen H, Wang H, Slipchenko MN, Jung Y, Shi Y, Zhu J, Buhman KK, Cheng JX. A multimodal platform for nonlinear optical microscopy and microspectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:1282-90. [PMID: 19188956 PMCID: PMC3725257 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy is a valuable tool to study complex biological samples. We present an easy-to-operate approach to perform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon fluorescence (TPF), second harmonic generation (SHG), and third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging using a single laser source composed of an 80 MHz femtosecond (fs) laser, an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), and a PPLN crystal for frequency doubling. The platform allows vibrationally resonant CARS imaging of CH-rich myelin sheath in fresh spinal tissues and lipid bodies in live cells. Multimodal nonlinear optical imaging and microspectroscopy analysis of fresh liver tissues are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
| | - Mikhail N. Slipchenko
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
| | - YooKyung Jung
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
| | - Yunzhou Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
| | - Jiabin Zhu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
| | - Kimberly K. Buhman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
- Corresponding author:
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Wu YM, Chen HC, Chang WT, Jhan JW, Lin HL, Liau I. Quantitative Assessment of Hepatic Fat of Intact Liver Tissues with Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1496-504. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8026838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ming Wu
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chen
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Wei Jhan
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ian Liau
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Chu SW, Tai SP, Liu TM, Sun CK, Lin CH. Selective imaging in second-harmonic-generation microscopy with anisotropic radiation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:010504. [PMID: 19256686 DOI: 10.1117/1.3080722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a novel modality of optical microscopy, second-harmonic generation (SHG) provides attractive features including intrinsic optical sectioning, noninvasiveness, high specificity, and high penetrability. For a biomedical application, the epicollection of backward propagating SHG is necessary. But due to phase-matching constraint, SHG from thick tissues is preferentially forward propagation. Myosin and collagen are two of the most abundant fibrous proteins in vertebrates, and both exhibit a strong second-harmonic response. We find that the radiation patterns of myosin-based muscle fibers and collagen fibrils are distinct due to coherence effects. Based on these asymmetric radiation patterns, we demonstrate selective imaging between intertwining muscle fibers and type I collagen fibrils with forward and backward SHG modalities, respectively. Thick muscle fibers dominate the forward signal, while collagen fibril distribution is preferentially resolved in the backward channel without strong interference from muscle. Moreover, we find that well-formed collagen fibrils are highlighted by forward SHG, while loosely arranged collagen matrix is outlined by backward signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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48
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Krafft C, Dietzek B, Popp J. Raman and CARS microspectroscopy of cells and tissues. Analyst 2009; 134:1046-57. [DOI: 10.1039/b822354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fu Y, Huff TB, Wang HW, Wang H, Cheng JX. Ex vivo and in vivo imaging of myelin fibers in mouse brain by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:19396-409. [PMID: 19030027 PMCID: PMC2690080 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.019396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy was applied to image myelinated fibers in different regions of a mouse brain. The CARS signal from the CH2 symmetric stretching vibration allows label-free imaging of myelin sheath with 3D sub-micron resolution. Compared with two-photon excited fluorescence imaging with lipophilic dye labeling, CARS microscopy provides sharper contrast and avoids photobleaching. The CARS signal exhibits excitation polarization dependence which can be eliminated by reconstruction of two complementary images with perpendicular excitation polarizations. The capability of imaging myelinated fibers without exogenous labeling was used to map the whole brain white matter in brain slices and to analyze the microstructural anatomy of brain axons. Quantitative information about fiber volume%, myelin density, and fiber orientations was derived. Combining CARS with two-photon excited fluorescence allowed multimodal imaging of myelinated axons and other cells. Furthermore, in vivo CARS imaging on an upright microscope clearly identified fiber bundles in brain subcortex white matter. These advances open up new opportunities for the study of brain connectivity and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - T. Brandon Huff
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Han-Wei Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Corresponding author:
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50
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Jhan JW, Chang WT, Chen HC, Wu MF, Lee YT, Chen CH, Liau I. Integrated multiple multi-photon imaging and Raman spectroscopy for characterizing structure-constituent correlation of tissues. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:16431-16441. [PMID: 18852749 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.016431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological imaging of tissues often requires extensive sample preparation including fixation and staining in order to highlight characteristic alterations associated with diseases. Herein, we report an integrated spectro-microscopy approach based on a combination of multi-modal multi-photon imaging and Raman micro-spectroscopy and demonstrate label-free characterization of the structure-constituent correlation of porcine skin. The multi-modal imaging allows the visualization of dermatological features whereas Raman micro-spectroscopy enables the identification of their 'molecular fingerprints'. By obtaining both structural and molecular-level information of tissue constituents, this integrated approach can offer new insight into the patho-physiological status of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhen-Wei Jhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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