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Cherepanov DA, Milanovsky GE, Neverov KV, Obukhov YN, Maleeva YV, Aybush AV, Kritsky MS, Nadtochenko VA. Exciton interactions of chlorophyll tetramer in water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein BoWSCP. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123847. [PMID: 38217986 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The exciton interaction of four chlorophyll a (Chl a) molecules in a symmetrical tetrameric complex of the water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein BoWSCP was analyzed in the pH range of 3-11. Exciton splitting ΔE = 232 ± 2 cm-1 of the Qy band of Chl a into two subcomponents with relative intensities of 78.1 ± 0.7 % and 21.9 ± 0.7 % was determined by a joint decomposition of the absorption and circular dichroism spectra into Gaussian functions. The exciton coupling parameters were calculated based on the BoWSCP atomic structure in three approximations: the point dipole model, the distributed atomic monopoles, and direct ab initio calculations in the TDDFT/PCM approximation. The Coulomb interactions of monomers were calculated within the continuum model using three values of optical permittivity. The models based on the properties of free Chl a in solution suffer from significant errors both in estimating the absolute value of the exciton interaction and in the relative intensity of exciton transitions. Calculations within the TDDFT/PCM approximation reproduce the experimentally determined parameters of the exciton splitting and the relative intensities of the exciton bands. The following factors of pigment-protein and pigment-pigment interactions were examined: deviation of the macrocycle geometry from the planar conformation of free Chl; the formation of hydrogen bonds between the macrocycle and water molecules; the overlap of wave functions of monomers at close distances. The most significant factor is the geometrical deformation of the porphyrin macrocycle, which leads to an increase in the dipole moment of Chl monomer from 5.5 to 6.9 D and to a rotation of the dipole moment by 15° towards the cyclopentane ring. The contributions of resonant charge-transfer states to the wave functions of the Chl dimer were determined and the transition dipole moments of the symmetric and antisymmetric charge-transfer states were estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Kosygina str., 4, Russian Federation; A.N. Belozersky Institute Of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Leninskye gory, 1b.40, Russian Federation.
| | - G E Milanovsky
- A.N. Belozersky Institute Of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Leninskye gory, 1b.40, Russian Federation
| | - K V Neverov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences", 119071 Moscow, Leninsky prospect, 33b.2, Russian Federation; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Leninskye gory, 1b.12, Russian Federation
| | - Yu N Obukhov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences", 119071 Moscow, Leninsky prospect, 33b.2, Russian Federation
| | - Yu V Maleeva
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Leninskye gory, 1b.12, Russian Federation
| | - A V Aybush
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Kosygina str., 4, Russian Federation
| | - M S Kritsky
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences", 119071 Moscow, Leninsky prospect, 33b.2, Russian Federation
| | - V A Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Kosygina str., 4, Russian Federation; Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Leninskye gory, 1b.3, Russian Federation
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Migliore A, Corni S, Agostini A, Carbonera D. Unraveling the electronic origin of a special feature in the triplet-minus-singlet spectra of carotenoids in natural photosystems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28998-29016. [PMID: 37859550 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The influence of carotenoid triplet states on the Qy electronic transitions of chlorophylls has been observed in experiments on light-harvesting complexes over the past three decades, but the interpretation of the resulting spectral feature in the triplet minus singlet (T-S) absorption spectra of photosystems is still debated, as the physical-chemical explanation of this feature has been elusive. Here, we resolve this debate, by explaining the T-S spectra of pigment complexes over the Qy-band spectral region through a comparative study of chlorophyll-carotenoid model dyads and larger pigment complexes from the main light harvesting complex of higher plants (LHCII). This goal is achieved by combining state-of-the-art time-dependent density functional theory with analysis of the relationship between electronic properties and nuclear structure, and by comparison to the experiment. We find that the special signature in the T-S spectra of both model and natural photosystems is determined by singlet-like triplet excitations that can be described as effective singlet excitations on chlorophylls influenced by a stable electronic triplet on the carotenoid. The comparison with earlier experiments on different light-harvesting complexes confirms our theoretical interpretation of the T-S spectra in the Qy spectral region. Our results indicate an important role for the chlorophyll-carotenoid electronic coupling, which is also responsible for the fast triplet-triplet energy transfer, suggesting a fast trapping of the triplet into the relaxed carotenoid structure. The gained understanding of the interplay between the electronic and nuclear structures is potentially informative for future studies of the mechanism of photoprotection by carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Migliore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Oliveira CYB, Abreu JL, Santos EP, Matos ÂP, Tribuzi G, Oliveira CDL, Veras BO, Bezerra RS, Müller MN, Gálvez AO. Light induces peridinin and docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in the dinoflagellate Durusdinium glynnii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6263-6276. [PMID: 35972515 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Peridinin is a light-harvesting carotenoid present in phototrophic dinoflagellates and has great potential for new drug applications and cosmetics development. Herein, the effects of irradiance mediated by light-emitting diodes on growth performance, carotenoid and fatty acid profiles, and antioxidant activity of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate Durusdinium glynnii were investigated. The results demonstrate that D. glynnii is particularly well adapted to low-light conditions; however, it can be high-light-tolerant. In contrast to other light-harvesting carotenoids, the peridinin accumulation in D. glynnii occurred during high-light exposure. The peridinin to chlorophyll-a ratio varied as a function of irradiance, while the peridinin to total carotenoids ratio remained stable. Under optimal irradiance for growth, there was a peak in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) bioaccumulation. This study contributes to the understanding of the photoprotective role of peridinin in endosymbiont dinoflagellates and highlights the antioxidant activity of peridinin-rich extracts. KEY POINTS: • Peridinin has a protective role against chlorophyll photo-oxidation • High light conditions induce cellular peridinin accumulation • D. glynnii accumulates high amounts of DHA under optimal light supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Yure B Oliveira
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, St. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Jéssika L Abreu
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, St. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth P Santos
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, St. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ângelo P Matos
- Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Giustino Tribuzi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88034-801, Brazil
| | - Cicero Diogo L Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno O Veras
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Railson S Bezerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Marius N Müller
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Alfredo O Gálvez
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, St. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
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Ravensbergen J, Pillai S, Méndez-Hernández DD, Frese RN, van Grondelle R, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL, Kennis JTM. Dual Singlet Excited-State Quenching Mechanisms in an Artificial Caroteno-Phthalocyanine Light Harvesting Antenna. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:59-67. [PMID: 35098245 PMCID: PMC8796278 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Under excess illumination,
photosystem II of plants dissipates
excess energy through the quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in
the light harvesting antenna. Various models involving chlorophyll
quenching by carotenoids have been proposed, including (i) direct
energy transfer from chlorophyll to the low-lying optically forbidden
carotenoid S1 state, (ii) formation of a collective quenched
chlorophyll–carotenoid S1 excitonic state, (iii)
chlorophyll–carotenoid charge separation and recombination,
and (iv) chlorophyll–chlorophyll charge separation and recombination.
In previous work, the first three processes were mimicked in model
systems: in a Zn-phthalocyanine–carotenoid dyad with an amide
linker, direct energy transfer was observed by femtosecond transient
absorption spectroscopy, whereas in a Zn-phthalocyanine–carotenoid
dyad with an amine linker excitonic quenching was demonstrated. Here,
we present a transient absorption spectroscopic study on a Zn-phthalocyanine–carotenoid
dyad with a phenylene linker. We observe that two quenching phases
of the phthalocyanine excited state exist at 77 and 213 ps in addition
to an unquenched phase at 2.7 ns. Within our instrument response of
∼100 fs, carotenoid S1 features rise which point
at an excitonic quenching mechanism. Strikingly, we observe an additional
rise of carotenoid S1 features at 3.6 ps, which shows that
a direct energy transfer mechanism in an inverted kinetics regime
is also in effect. We assign the 77 ps decay component to excitonic
quenching and the 3.6 ps/213 ps rise and decay components to direct
energy transfer. Our results indicate that dual quenching mechanisms
may be active in the same molecular system, in addition to an unquenched
fraction. Computational chemistry results indicate the presence of
multiple conformers where one of the dihedral angles of the phenylene
linker assumes distinct values. We propose that the parallel quenching
pathways and the unquenched fraction result from such conformational
subpopulations. Our results suggest that it is possible to switch
between different regimes of quenching and nonquenching through a
conformational change on the same molecule, offering insights into
potential mechanisms used in biological photosynthesis to adapt to
light intensity changes on fast time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Ravensbergen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Smitha Pillai
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | | | - Raoul N. Frese
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Infrared difference spectroscopy probes vibrational changes of proteins upon their perturbation. Compared with other spectroscopic methods, it stands out by its sensitivity to the protonation state, H-bonding, and the conformation of different groups in proteins, including the peptide backbone, amino acid side chains, internal water molecules, or cofactors. In particular, the detection of protonation and H-bonding changes in a time-resolved manner, not easily obtained by other techniques, is one of the most successful applications of IR difference spectroscopy. The present review deals with the use of perturbations designed to specifically change the protein between two (or more) functionally relevant states, a strategy often referred to as reaction-induced IR difference spectroscopy. In the first half of this contribution, I review the technique of reaction-induced IR difference spectroscopy of proteins, with special emphasis given to the preparation of suitable samples and their characterization, strategies for the perturbation of proteins, and methodologies for time-resolved measurements (from nanoseconds to minutes). The second half of this contribution focuses on the spectral interpretation. It starts by reviewing how changes in H-bonding, medium polarity, and vibrational coupling affect vibrational frequencies, intensities, and bandwidths. It is followed by band assignments, a crucial aspect mostly performed with the help of isotopic labeling and site-directed mutagenesis, and complemented by integration and interpretation of the results in the context of the studied protein, an aspect increasingly supported by spectral calculations. Selected examples from the literature, predominately but not exclusively from retinal proteins, are used to illustrate the topics covered in this review.
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Ara AM, Shakil Bin Kashem M, van Grondelle R, Wahadoszamen M. Stark fluorescence spectroscopy on peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex of dinoflagellate, Amphidinium carterae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:233-239. [PMID: 31768715 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of their peculiar but intriguing photophysical properties, peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complexes (PCPs), the peripheral light-harvesting antenna complexes of photosynthetic dinoflagellates have been unique targets of multidimensional theoretical and experimental investigations over the last few decades. The major light-harvesting chlorophyll a (Chl a) pigments of PCP are hypothesized to be spectroscopically heterogeneous. To study the spectral heterogeneity in terms of electrostatic parameters, we, in this study, implemented Stark fluorescence spectroscopy on PCP isolated from the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. The comprehensive theoretical modeling of the Stark fluorescence spectrum with the help of the conventional Liptay formalism revealed the simultaneous presence of three emission bands in the fluorescence spectrum of PCP recorded upon excitation of peridinin. The three emission bands are found to possess different sets of electrostatic parameters with essentially increasing magnitude of charge-transfer character from the blue to redder ones. The different magnitudes of electrostatic parameters give good support to the earlier proposition that the spectral heterogeneity in PCP results from emissive Chl a clusters anchored at a different sites and domains within the protein network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjue Mane Ara
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Md Wahadoszamen
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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7
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Taffet EJ, Fassioli F, Toa ZSD, Beljonne D, Scholes GD. Uncovering dark multichromophoric states in Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190736. [PMID: 32183641 PMCID: PMC7115236 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that visible light harvesting in Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein is driven by the interplay between the bright (S2) and dark (S1) states of peridinin (carotenoid), along with the lowest-lying bright (Qy) and dark (Qx) states of chlorophyll-a. Here, we analyse a chromophore cluster in the crystal structure of Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein, in particular, a peridinin-peridinin and a peridinin-chlorophyll-a dimer, and present quantum chemical evidence for excited states that exist beyond the confines of single peridinin and chlorophyll chromophores. These dark multichromophoric states, emanating from the intermolecular packing native to Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein, include a correlated triplet pair comprising neighbouring peridinin excitations and a charge-transfer interaction between peridinin and the adjacent chlorophyll-a. We surmise that such dark multichromophoric states may explain two spectral mysteries in light-harvesting pigments: the sub-200-fs singlet fission observed in carotenoid aggregates, and the sub-200-fs chlorophyll-a hole generation in Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J. Taffet
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Francesca Fassioli
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- SISSA – Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy
| | - Zi S. D. Toa
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - David Beljonne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Changing the site energy of per-614 in the Peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein does not alter its capability of chlorophyll triplet quenching. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:612-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Khoroshyy P, Bína D, Gardian Z, Litvín R, Alster J, Pšenčík J. Quenching of chlorophyll triplet states by carotenoids in algal light-harvesting complexes related to fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:213-225. [PMID: 28669083 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy with nanosecond resolution to study triplet energy transfer from chlorophylls to carotenoids in a protective process that prevents the formation of reactive singlet oxygen. The light-harvesting complexes studied were isolated from Chromera velia, belonging to a group Alveolata, and Xanthonema debile and Nannochloropsis oceanica, both from Stramenopiles. All three light-harvesting complexes are related to fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein, but contain only chlorophyll a and no chlorophyll c. In addition, they differ in the carotenoid content. This composition of the complexes allowed us to study the quenching of chlorophyll a triplet states by different carotenoids in a comparable environment. The triplet states of chlorophylls bound to the light-harvesting complexes were quenched by carotenoids with an efficiency close to 100%. Carotenoid triplet states were observed to rise with a ~5 ns lifetime and were spectrally and kinetically homogeneous. The triplet states were formed predominantly on the red-most chlorophylls and were quenched by carotenoids which were further identified or at least spectrally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Khoroshyy
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvín
- Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Alster
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pšenčík
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Mezzetti A, Leibl W. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy in the study of photosynthetic systems. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:121-144. [PMID: 27678250 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved (TR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the nanosecond to second timescale has been extensively used, in the last 30 years, in the study of photosynthetic systems. Interesting results have also been obtained at lower time resolution (minutes or even hours). In this review, we first describe the used techniques-dispersive IR, laser diode IR, rapid-scan Fourier transform (FT)IR, step-scan FTIR-underlying the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Then, the main TR-IR results obtained so far in the investigation of photosynthetic reactions (in reaction centers, in light-harvesting systems, but also in entire membranes or even in living organisms) are presented. Finally, after the general conclusions, the perspectives in the field of TR-IR applied to photosynthesis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mezzetti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surfaces, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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11
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Distance measurements in peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein by light-induced PELDOR spectroscopy. Analysis of triplet state localization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1909-1916. [PMID: 27659505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet energy transfer from chlorophylls to carotenoids is the mechanism underlying the photoprotective role played by carotenoids in many light harvesting complexes, during photosynthesis. The peridinin-chlorophyll-a protein (PCP) is a water-soluble light harvesting protein of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, employing peridinin as the main carotenoid to fulfil this function. The dipolar coupling of the triplet state of peridinin, populated under light excitation in isolated PCP, to the MTSSL nitroxide, introduced in the protein by site-directed mutagenesis followed by spin labeling, has been measured by Pulse ELectron-electron DOuble Resonance (PELDOR) spectroscopy. The triplet-nitroxide distance derived by this kind of experiments, performed for the first time in a protein system, allowed the assignment of the triplet state to a specific peridinin molecule belonging to the pigment cluster. The analysis strongly suggests that this peridinin is the one in close contact with the water ligand to the chlorophyll a, thus supporting previous evidences based on ENDOR and time resolved-EPR.
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Kvíčalová Z, Alster J, Hofmann E, Khoroshyy P, Litvín R, Bína D, Polívka T, Pšenčík J. Triplet–triplet energy transfer from chlorophylls to carotenoids in two antenna complexes from dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:341-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Premvardhan L, Robert B, Hiller RG. Pigment organisation in the membrane-intrinsic major light-harvesting complex of Amphidinium carterae: Structural characterisation of the peridinins and chlorophylls a and c2 by resonance Raman spectroscopy and from sequence analysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1187-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Ke XS, Zhao H, Zou X, Ning Y, Cheng X, Su H, Zhang JL. Fine-Tuning of β-Substitution to Modulate the Lowest Triplet Excited States: A Bioinspired Approach to Design Phosphorescent Metalloporphyrinoids. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10745-52. [PMID: 26247480 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Learning nature's approach to modulate photophysical properties of NIR porphyrinoids by fine-tuning β-substituents including the number and position, in a manner similar to naturally occurring chlorophylls, has the potential to circumvent the disadvantages of traditional "extended π-conjugation" strategy such as stability, molecular size, solubility, and undesirable π-π stacking. Here we show that such subtle structural changes in Pt(II) or Pd(II) cis/trans-porphodilactones (termed by cis/trans-Pt/Pd) influence photophysical properties of the lowest triplet excited states including phosphorescence, Stokes shifts, and even photosensitization ability in triplet-triplet annihilation reactions with rubrene. Prominently, the overall upconversion capability (η, η = ε·Φ(UC)) of Pd or Pt trans-complex is 10(4) times higher than that of cis-analogue. Nanosecond time-resolved infrared (TR-IR) spectroscopy experiments showed larger frequency shift of ν(C═O) bands (ca. 10 cm(-1)) of cis-complexes than those of trans-complexes in the triplet excited states. These spectral features, combining with TD-DFT calculations, suggest the strong electronic coupling between the lactone moieties and the main porphyrin chromophores and thus the importance of precisely positioning β-substituents by mimicking chlorophylls, as an alternative to "extended π-conjugation", in designing NIR active porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoran Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Ning
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
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15
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Light-Induced Infrared Difference Spectroscopy in the Investigation of Light Harvesting Complexes. Molecules 2015; 20:12229-49. [PMID: 26151118 PMCID: PMC6332223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-induced infrared difference spectroscopy (IR-DS) has been used, especially in the last decade, to investigate early photophysics, energy transfer and photoprotection mechanisms in isolated and membrane-bound light harvesting complexes (LHCs). The technique has the definite advantage to give information on how the pigments and the other constituents of the biological system (proteins, membranes, etc.) evolve during a given photoreaction. Different static and time-resolved approaches have been used. Compared to the application of IR-DS to photosynthetic Reaction Centers (RCs), however, IR-DS applied to LHCs is still in an almost pioneering age: very often sophisticated techniques (step-scan FTIR, ultrafast IR) or data analysis strategies (global analysis, target analysis, multivariate curve resolution) are needed. In addition, band assignment is usually more complicated than in RCs. The results obtained on the studied systems (chromatophores and RC-LHC supercomplexes from purple bacteria; Peridinin-Chlorophyll-a-Proteins from dinoflagellates; isolated LHCII from plants; thylakoids; Orange Carotenoid Protein from cyanobacteria) are summarized. A description of the different IR-DS techniques used is also provided, and the most stimulating perspectives are also described. Especially if used synergically with other biophysical techniques, light-induced IR-DS represents an important tool in the investigation of photophysical/photochemical reactions in LHCs and LHC-containing systems.
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16
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Di Donato M, Ragnoni E, Lapini A, Foggi P, Hiller RG, Righini R. Femtosecond transient infrared and stimulated Raman spectroscopy shed light on the relaxation mechanisms of photo-excited peridinin. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:212409. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4915072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Mezzetti A, Kish E, Robert B, Spezia R. Assignment of IR bands of isolated and protein-bound Peridinin in its fundamental and triplet state by static FTIR, time-resolved step-scan FTIR and DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Carbonera D, Di Valentin M, Spezia R, Mezzetti A. The unique photophysical properties of the Peridinin-Chlorophyll-α-Protein. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:332-50. [PMID: 24678668 PMCID: PMC4030626 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peridinin-Chlorophyll-a-Proteins (PCPs) are water-soluble light harvesting complexes from dinoflagellates.
They have unique light-harvesting and energy transfer properties which have been studied in details in the last 15 years.
This review aims to give an overview on all the main aspects of PCPs photophysics, with an emphasis on some aspects
which have not been reviewed in details so far, such as vibrational spectroscopy studies, theoretical calculations, and
magnetic resonance studies. A paragraph on the present development of PCPs towards technological applications is also
included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alberto Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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19
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Kanazawa A, Blanchard GJ, Szabó M, Ralph PJ, Kramer DM. The site of regulation of light capture in Symbiodinium: Does the peridinin–chlorophyll a–protein detach to regulate light capture? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Kish E, Mendes Pinto MM, Bovi D, Basire M, Guidoni L, Vuilleumier R, Robert B, Spezia R, Mezzetti A. Fermi Resonance as a Tool for Probing Peridinin Environment. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5873-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501667t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kish
- Institut de Biologie
et de Technologie de Saclay, CEA, and UMR 8221, CNRS, Bat 532, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Maria Manuela Mendes Pinto
- Institut de Biologie
et de Technologie de Saclay, CEA, and UMR 8221, CNRS, Bat 532, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Daniele Bovi
- Dipartemento
di Fisica, “La Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marie Basire
- Département
de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- UPMC Univ
Paris
06, UMR 8640 CNRS-ENS-UPMC, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Guidoni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli studi dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolphe Vuilleumier
- Département
de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- UPMC Univ
Paris
06, UMR 8640 CNRS-ENS-UPMC, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institut de Biologie
et de Technologie de Saclay, CEA, and UMR 8221, CNRS, Bat 532, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Riccardo Spezia
- CNRS, LAMBE UMR 8587, Université d’Evry-Val-d’Essonne, 91025 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Alberto Mezzetti
- Institut de Biologie
et de Technologie de Saclay, CEA, and UMR 8221, CNRS, Bat 532, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
- LASIR UMR 8516, Université Lille I Bat. C5, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve
d’Ascq, France
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Di Valentin M, Tait CE, Salvadori E, Orian L, Polimeno A, Carbonera D. Evidence for water-mediated triplet–triplet energy transfer in the photoprotective site of the peridinin–chlorophyll a–protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:85-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Jiang J, Lo CS, Blankenship RE. Low-Temperature Spectroscopic Properties of the Peridinin–Chlorophyll a–Protein (PCP) Complex from the Coral Symbiotic Dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11091-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401022u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research
Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
63130, United States
| | - Jing Jiang
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research
Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Cynthia S. Lo
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research
Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Robert E. Blankenship
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research
Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
63130, United States
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23
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Pillai S, Ravensbergen J, Antoniuk-Pablant A, Sherman BD, van Grondelle R, Frese RN, Moore TA, Gust D, Moore AL, Kennis JTM. Carotenoids as electron or excited-state energy donors in artificial photosynthesis: an ultrafast investigation of a carotenoporphyrin and a carotenofullerene dyad. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4775-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Salvadori E, Di Valentin M, Kay CWM, Pedone A, Barone V, Carbonera D. The electronic structure of the lutein triplet state in plant light-harvesting complex II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:12238-51. [PMID: 22864767 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid molecules are essential for the life of photosynthetic organisms in that they protect the cell from the photo-oxidative damage induced by light-stress conditions. One of the photo-protective mechanisms involves triplet-triplet energy transfer from the chlorophyll molecules to the carotenoids: a process that is strongly dependent on the electronic properties of the triplet states involved. Here, we obtain a clear description of the triplet state of lutein in LHCII from higher plants for the first time by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT predictions have been validated by comparison with hyperfine couplings obtained with pulsed-ENDOR spectroscopy. Knowledge of the spin density distribution, the frontier orbitals and orbital excitations forms a basis for discussing the requirements for an efficient triplet-triplet energy transfer. The results obtained for the lutein in LHCII are compared with those of the highly-substituted carotenoid peridinin in PCP from Amphidinium carterae [Di Valentin et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2008, 1777, 295-307]. The presence of substituents in the peridinin molecule does not alter significantly the triplet state electronic structure compared to lutein. Despite the unusual spectroscopic behaviour of the peridinin excited singlet state, lutein and peridinin have similar triplet state properties. In both molecules the unpaired spins are delocalized uniformly over the whole π-conjugated system in an alternating even-odd pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Salvadori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Durchan M, Tichý J, Litvín R, Šlouf V, Gardian Z, Hříbek P, Vácha F, Polívka T. Role of carotenoids in light-harvesting processes in an antenna protein from the chromophyte Xanthonema debile. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:8880-9. [PMID: 22764831 DOI: 10.1021/jp3042796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromophytes are an important group of microorganisms that contribute significantly to the carbon cycle on Earth. Their photosynthetic capacity depends on efficiency of the light-harvesting system that differs in pigment composition from that of green plants and other groups of algae. Here we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study energy transfer pathways in the main light-harvesting complex of Xanthonema debile, denoted XLH, which contains four carotenoids--diadinoxanthin, heteroxanthin, diatoxanthin, and vaucheriaxanthin--and Chl-a. Overall carotenoid-to-chlorophyll energy transfer efficiency is about 60%, but energy transfer pathways are excitation wavelength dependent. Energy transfer from the carotenoid S(2) state is active after excitation at both 490 nm (maximum of carotenoid absorption) and 510 nm (red edge of carotenoid absorption), but this channel is significantly more efficient after 510 nm excitation. Concerning the energy transfer pathway from the S(1) state, XLH contains two groups of carotenoids: those that have the S(1) route active (~25%) and those having the S(1) pathway silent. For a fraction of carotenoids that transfer energy via the S(1) channel, energy transfer is observed after both excitation wavelengths, though energy transfer times are different, yielding 3.4 ps (490 nm excitation) and 1.5 ps (510 nm excitation). This corresponds to efficiencies of the S(1) channel of ~85% that is rather unusual for a donor-acceptor pair consisting of a noncarbonyl carotenoid and Chl-a. Moreover, major carotenoids in XLH, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin, have their S(1) energies in solution lower than the energy of the acceptor state, Q(y) state of Chl-a. Thus, binding of these carotenoids to XLH must tune their S(1) energy to allow for efficient energy transfer. Besides the light-harvesting function, carotenoids in XLH also have photoprotective role; they quench Chl-a triplets via triplet-triplet energy transfer from Chl-a to carotenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Durchan
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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26
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Kloz M, Pillai S, Kodis G, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL, Grondelle RV, Kennis JTM. New light-harvesting roles of hot and forbidden carotenoid states in artificial photosynthetic constructs. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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27
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Gall A, Berera R, Alexandre MTA, Pascal AA, Bordes L, Mendes-Pinto MM, Andrianambinintsoa S, Stoitchkova KV, Marin A, Valkunas L, Horton P, Kennis JTM, van Grondelle R, Ruban A, Robert B. Molecular adaptation of photoprotection: triplet states in light-harvesting proteins. Biophys J 2011; 101:934-42. [PMID: 21843485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic light-harvesting systems of purple bacteria and plants both utilize specific carotenoids as quenchers of the harmful (bacterio)chlorophyll triplet states via triplet-triplet energy transfer. Here, we explore how the binding of carotenoids to the different types of light-harvesting proteins found in plants and purple bacteria provides adaptation in this vital photoprotective function. We show that the creation of the carotenoid triplet states in the light-harvesting complexes may occur without detectable conformational changes, in contrast to that found for carotenoids in solution. However, in plant light-harvesting complexes, the triplet wavefunction is shared between the carotenoids and their adjacent chlorophylls. This is not observed for the antenna proteins of purple bacteria, where the triplet is virtually fully located on the carotenoid molecule. These results explain the faster triplet-triplet transfer times in plant light-harvesting complexes. We show that this molecular mechanism, which spreads the location of the triplet wavefunction through the pigments of plant light-harvesting complexes, results in the absence of any detectable chlorophyll triplet in these complexes upon excitation, and we propose that it emerged as a photoprotective adaptation during the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gall
- CEA, Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
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28
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Bovi D, Mezzetti A, Vuilleumier R, Gaigeot MP, Chazallon B, Spezia R, Guidoni L. Environmental effects on vibrational properties of carotenoids: experiments and calculations on peridinin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20954-64. [PMID: 21946923 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21985e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are employed in light-harvesting complexes of dinoflagellates with the two-fold aim to extend the spectral range of the antenna and to protect it from radiation damage. We have studied the effect of the environment on the vibrational properties of the carotenoid peridinin in different solvents by means of vibrational spectroscopies and QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations. Three prototypical solvents were considered: cyclohexane (an apolar/aprotic solvent), deuterated acetonitrile (a polar/aprotic solvent) and methanol (a polar/protic solvent). Thanks to effective normal mode analysis, we were able to assign the experimental Raman and IR bands and to clarify the effect of the solvent on band shifts. In the 1500-1650 cm(-1) region, seven vibrational modes of the polyene chain were identified and assigned to specific molecular vibrations. In the 1700-1800 cm(-1) region a strong progressive down-shift of the lactonic carbonyl frequency is observed passing from cyclohexane to methanol solutions. This has been rationalized here in terms of solvent polarity and solute-solvent hydrogen bond interactions. On the basis of our data we propose a classification of non-equivalent peridinins in the Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Proteins, light-harvesting complexes of dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bovi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma LA SAPIENZA, Rome, Italy
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29
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You ZQ, Hsu CP. Ab inito study on triplet excitation energy transfer in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:4092-100. [PMID: 21410281 DOI: 10.1021/jp200200x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the triplet energy transfer (TET) for photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, the bacterial light-harvesting complex II (LH2) of Rhodospirillum molischianum and Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, and the peridinin-chlorophyll a protein (PCP) from Amphidinium carterae. The electronic coupling factor was calculated with the recently developed fragment spin difference scheme (You and Hsu, J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 133, 074105), which is a general computational scheme that yields the overall coupling under the Hamiltonian employed. The TET rates were estimated based on the couplings obtained. For all light-harvesting complexes studied, there exist nanosecond triplet energy transfer from the chlorophylls to the carotenoids. This result supports a direct triplet quenching mechanism for the photoprotection function of carotenoids. The TET rates are similar for a broad range of carotenoid triplet state energy, which implies a general and robust TET quenching role for carotenoids in photosynthesis. This result is also consistent with the weak dependence of TET kinetics on the type or the number of π conjugation lengths in the carotenoids and their analogues reported in the literature. We have also explored the possibility of forming triplet excitons in these complexes. In B850 of LH2 or the peridinin cluster in PCP, it is unlikely to have triplet exciton since the energy differences of any two neighboring molecules are likely to be much larger than their TET couplings. Our results provide theoretical limits to the possible photophysics in the light-harvesting complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang You
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Blankenship RE. Singlet and triplet excited state properties of natural chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 106:227-238. [PMID: 21086044 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ten naturally occurring chlorophylls (a, b, c (2), d) and bacteriochlorophylls (a, b, c, d, e, g) were purified and studied using the optical spectroscopic techniques of both steady state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence. The studies were carried out at room temperature in nucleophilic solvents in which the central Mg is hexacoordinated. The comprehensive studies of singlet excited state lifetimes show a clear dependency on the structural features of the macrocycle and terminal substituents. The wide-ranging studies of triplet state lifetime demonstrate the existence of an energy gap law for these molecules. The knowledge of the dynamics and the energies of the triplet state that were obtained in other studies allowed us to construct an energy gap law expression that can be used to estimate the triplet state energies of any (B)chlorophyll molecule from its triplet lifetime obtained in a liquid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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Ataka K, Kottke T, Heberle J. Thinner, Smaller, Faster: IR Techniques To Probe the Functionality of Biological and Biomimetic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5416-24. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ataka K, Kottke T, Heberle J. Dünner, kleiner, schneller - wie die IR-Spektroskopie zur Aufklärung des Funktionsmechanismus biologischer und biomimetischer Systeme beiträgt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kaligotla S, Doyle S, Niedzwiedzki DM, Hasegawa S, Kajikawa T, Katsumura S, Frank HA. Triplet state spectra and dynamics of peridinin analogs having different extents of pi-electron conjugation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 103:167-174. [PMID: 20165916 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Peridinin-Chlorophyll a-Protein (PCP) complex has both an exceptionally efficient light-harvesting ability and a highly effective protective capacity against photodynamic reactions involving singlet oxygen. These functions can be attributed to presence of a substantial amount of the highly-substituted and complex carotenoid, peridinin, in the protein and the facts that the low-lying singlet states of peridinin are higher in energy than those of chlorophyll (Chl) a, but the lowest-lying triplet state of peridinin is below that of Chl a. Thus, singlet energy can be transferred from peridinin to Chl a, but the Chl a triplet state is quenched before it can sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen. The present investigation takes advantage of Chl a as an effective triplet state donor to peridinin and explores the triplet state spectra and dynamics of a systematic series of peridinin analogs having different numbers of conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds. The carotenoids investigated are peridinin, which has a C(37) carbon skeleton and eight conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds, and three synthetic analogs: C(33)-peridinin, having two less double bonds than peridinin, C(35)-peridinin which has one less double bond than peridinin, and C(39)-peridinin which has one more double bond than peridinin. In this study, the behavior of the triplet state spectra and kinetics exhibited by these molecules has been investigated in polar and nonpolar solvents and reveals a substantial effect of both pi-electron conjugated chain length and solvent environment on the spectral lineshapes. However, only a small dependence of these factors is observed on the kinetics of triplet energy transfer from Chl a and on carotenoid triplet state deactivation to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Kaligotla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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Bonetti C, Alexandre MTA, van Stokkum IHM, Hiller RG, Groot ML, van Grondelle R, Kennis JTM. Identification of excited-state energy transfer and relaxation pathways in the peridinin–chlorophyll complex: an ultrafast mid-infrared study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9256-66. [DOI: 10.1039/b923695c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Identification of a single peridinin sensing Chl-a excitation in reconstituted PCP by crystallography and spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:20764-9. [PMID: 19934052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908938106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) of dinoflagellates is unique among the large variety of natural photosynthetic light-harvesting systems. In contrast to other chlorophyll protein complexes, the soluble PCP is located in the thylakoid lumen, and the carotenoid pigments outnumber the chlorophylls. The structure of the PCP complex consists of two symmetric domains, each with a central chlorophyll a (Chl-a) surrounded by four peridinin molecules. The protein provides distinctive surroundings for the pigment molecules, and in PCP, the specific environment around each peridinin results in overlapping spectral line shapes, suggestive of different functions within the protein. One particular Per, Per-614, is hypothesized to show the strongest electronic interaction with the central Chl-a. We have performed an in vitro reconstitution of pigments into recombinant PCP apo-protein (RFPCP) and into a mutated protein with an altered environment near Per-614. Steady-state and transient optical spectroscopic experiments comparing the RFPCP complex with the reconstituted mutant protein identify specific amino acid-induced spectral shifts. The spectroscopic assignments are reinforced by a determination of the structures of both RFPCP and the mutant by x-ray crystallography to a resolution better than 1.5 A. RFPCP and mutated RFPCP are unique in representing crystal structures of in vitro reconstituted light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes.
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Rodríguez JJG, Mirón AS, Camacho FG, García MCC, Belarbi EH, Chisti Y, Grima EM. Causes of shear sensitivity of the toxic dinoflagellateProtoceratium reticulatum. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:792-800. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bonetti C, Alexandre M, Hiller R, Kennis J, Grondelle RV. Chl-a triplet quenching by peridinin in H-PCP and organic solvent revealed by step-scan FTIR time-resolved spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pulse ENDOR and density functional theory on the peridinin triplet state involved in the photo-protective mechanism in the peridinin–chlorophyll a–protein from Amphidinium carterae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:295-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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