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Shabab S, Mahmoudabady M, Gholamnezhad Z, Niazmand S, Fouladi M, Mousavi Emadi Z. Endurance Exercise Prevented Diabetic Cardiomyopathy through the Inhibition of Fibrosis and Hypertrophy in Rats. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:173. [PMID: 39076482 PMCID: PMC11267178 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2505173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training could be essential in preventing pathological cardiac remodeling in diabetes. Therefore, the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) singly or plus metformin on diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy were investigated in this study. Methods Forty-nine Wistar rats (male) were recruited. Seven groups of animals were treated for six weeks as control, diabetes, MICT (15 m/min, 40 min/day), HIIT (20 m/min, 40 min/day), metformin (300 mg/kg), HIIT+metformin (Met-HIIT), and MICT+metformin (Met-MICT). The metformin was orally administered with an intragastrical needle, and the exercised rats were trained (5 days/week) with a motorized treadmill. Metabolic parameters, echocardiographic indices, histopathology evaluation, and assessment of gene expression connected with cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, mitochondrial performance, and intracellular calcium homeostasis were investigated. Results Our results demonstrated that all the interventions prevented weight loss and enhanced heart weight/body weight ratio and fasting plasma glucose in diabetic rats. Both types of exercise and their metformin combinations improved diabetic animals' echocardiography indices by enhancing heart rate, fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF) and reducing end-systolic and end-diastolic diameter of left ventricular (LVESD and LVEDD). Gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), transforming growth factor (TGF)- β , and collagen increased in the diabetes group. In contrast, the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 α ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ryanodine receptors (RyR), and Ca 2 + ATPase pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA) was reduced in diabetic animals. Exercise training alone or in combination with metformin reversed these changes. Moreover, diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis was ameliorated in treated groups. All indicators of diabetic cardiomyopathy were improved more in the Met-HIIT group than in other groups. Conclusions Exercise training, notably with metformin combination, alleviated diabetes-induced cardiac complications. The beneficial effects of exercise could be related to improving pathological cardiac remodeling and enhancing cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of
Medical Sciences, 91779 48564 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of
Medical Sciences, 91779 48564 Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical
Sciences, 91779 48564 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of
Medical Sciences, 91779 48564 Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical
Sciences, 91779 48564 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of
Medical Sciences, 91779 48564 Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical
Sciences, 91779 48564 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahtab Fouladi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of
Medical Sciences, 91779 48564 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi Emadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 91779
48564 Mashhad, Iran
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Shabab S, Mahmoudabady M, Gholamnezhad Z, Fouladi M, Asghari AA. Diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats was attenuated by endurance exercise through the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23427. [PMID: 38163155 PMCID: PMC10757033 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as a ventricular dysfunction, is one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. Former evidence revealed the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on DCM. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, diabetic, metformin (300 mg/kg), HIIT, MICT, metformin + HIIT, and metformin + MICT diabetic groups. Serum biochemical, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indicators, gene expression of BCL2 and BAX, and histopathologic changes of cardiac tissue were assessed. Our analysis revealed an increase in fasting blood sugar (FBS), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in diabetes. Also, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and the total thiol were decreased, in contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in the cardiac tissue of the diabetic group. All of these changes were significantly ameliorated in diabetic animals treated with exercise and metformin + exercise. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as the infiltration of inflammatory cells, were decreased in the heart of all exercise training groups. Up-regulation of BCL2 and down-regulation of BAX gene expressions were observed in the cardiac tissue of all exercise-treated groups. In conclusion, HIIT and MICT exercises are effective in preventing DCM development. Exercise training, besides improving oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiac tissue, alleviates cardiac damage by modulating the apoptotic gene expression in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahtab Fouladi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Asghari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pourmousavi L, Hashemkandi Asadi R, Zehsaz F, Jadidi RP. Effect of crocin and treadmill exercise on oxidative stress and heart damage in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281692. [PMID: 38113243 PMCID: PMC10729987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases the production of free radicals and inflammatory agents in the heart tissue and alters the expression of genes associated with the induction of apoptosis. Considering the importance of common cardiovascular disorders in diabetes, this study investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and crocin use, as well as tissue damage and oxidative stress caused by diabetes in the hearts of adult rats. Streptozotocin 50 mg/kg was injected as a single dose intraperitoneally to cause the diabetes. After 72 hours, a glucometer monitored blood glucose levels, and blood glucose above 250 mg/dl was considered diabetes. Continuous treadmill exercise was performed for eight weeks by placing the animal on the treadmill. Next, the animals were anesthetized, and samples were taken from the hearts and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Then, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the cardiac tissue. Finally, the hearts of half of the animals were immediately immersed in a formalin solution for histological changes. According to our findings, diabetes increased lipid peroxidation, characterized by increased MDA levels in the control diabetes group and decreased SOD and GPx levels (P <0.05). It also changes the balance of expression of genes associated with apoptosis control, increased Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) expression, and decreased Bcl-2 expression (P <0.05). Also, we observed the induction of apoptosis in cardiac tissue. Using eight weeks of continuous exercise and administration of crocin significantly reduced blood sugar levels and lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and Bcl-2 gene expression compared to the diabetes control group. In addition, continuous exercise and crocin improved the oxidative stress parameters in the control group. This study showed that diabetes could cause oxidative stress and heart dysfunction. Moreover, simultaneously and separately, aerobic exercise with a treadmill and crocin administration can reduce these disorders and prevent apoptosis in the heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pourmousavi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Hashemkandi Asadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Zehsaz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Li QQ, Qin KR, Zhang W, Guan XM, Cheng M, Wang YX. Advancements in the Regulation of Different-Intensity Exercise Interventions on Arterial Endothelial Function. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:306. [PMID: 39076455 PMCID: PMC11262454 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2411306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal-functioning endothelium is crucial to maintaining vascular homeostasis and inhibiting the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Exercise training has been proven effective in regulating arterial endothelial function, and the effect of this regulation is closely related to exercise intensity and the status of arterial endothelial function. With this review, we investigated the effects of the exercise of different intensity on the function of arterial endothelium and the underlying molecular biological mechanisms. Existing studies indicate that low-intensity exercise improves arterial endothelial function in individuals who manifest endothelial dysfunction relative to those with normal endothelial function. Most moderate-intensity exercise promotes endothelial function in individuals with both normal and impaired arterial endothelial function. Continuous high-intensity exercise can lead to impaired endothelial function, and high-intensity interval exercise can enhance both normal and impaired endothelial function. In addition, it was demonstrated that the production of vasomotor factors, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response is involved in the regulation of arterial endothelial function under different-intensity exercise interventions. We posit that this synthesis will then provide a theoretical basis for choosing the appropriate exercise intensity and optimize the prescription of clinical exercise for persons with normal and impaired endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 261053 Weifang, Shandong, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 261053 Weifang, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, 223800 Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Guan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, 261053 Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Min Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, 261053 Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 261053 Weifang, Shandong, China
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Protective Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) against Vascular Dysfunction in Hyperglycemic Rats. J Nutr Metab 2022; 2022:5631488. [PMID: 36510592 PMCID: PMC9741543 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5631488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the inability of endothelial cells to maintain homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Regular exercise may be considered as an effective and low-cost nonpharmacological tool for improving vascular function, though there is no agreement on the best type of exercise. Objectives To determine how high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) may prevent endothelial dysfunction under hyperglycemic conditions, and to compare these two interventions. Method Twenty-four eight-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy nonexercising control (C), hyperglycemic control (HG-C), hyperglycemic + HIIT (HG-IT), and hyperglycemic + MICT (HG-CT). Hyperglycemia was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin. Hyperglycemic animals were subjected to HIIT or MICT protocols six days a week for six weeks. Decapitation was performed the day after the exercise protocols were completed. The ascending aorta (until the abdominal artery) was examined. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) levels. A colorimetric assay was used to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to histologically analyze the aortas. Results There was a significantly higher level of GLP-1 and lower expression of RAGE, NF-κB, and TNFα in the HG-IT and HG-CT group compared to the HG-C group. Microscopic examination of aortic tissue showed a better tissue arrangement in both treatment groups than in the HG-C group. Except for the MDA level, there were no significant differences in any of the measured parameters between the HG-IT and HG-CT groups. Conclusion Under hyperglycemic conditions, both HIIT and MICT have a protective role against endothelial dysfunction.
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Dabravolski SA, Sadykhov NK, Kartuesov AG, Borisov EE, Sukhorukov VN, Orekhov AN. The Role of Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147863. [PMID: 35887211 PMCID: PMC9321738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as the presence in diabetic patients of abnormal cardiac structure and performance (such as left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and arrhythmia) in the absence of other cardiac risk factors (such as hypertension or coronary artery disease). Although the pathogenesis of DCM remains unclear currently, mitochondrial structural and functional dysfunctions are recognised as a central player in the DCM development. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy, Ca2+ metabolism and bioenergetics in the DCM development and progression. Based on the crucial role of mitochondria in DCM, application of mitochondria-targeting therapies could be effective strategies to slow down the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikolay K. Sadykhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Andrey G. Kartuesov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Evgeny E. Borisov
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.B.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.B.); (V.N.S.)
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
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Schreckenberg R, Wolf A, Troidl C, Simsekyilmaz S, Schlüter KD. Pro-inflammatory Vascular Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Associated With High Physical Activity Cannot Be Attenuated by Aldosterone Blockade. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:699283. [PMID: 34381826 PMCID: PMC8349986 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.699283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of high physical activity, performed as voluntary running wheel exercise, on inflammation and vascular adaptation may differ between normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We investigated the effects of running wheel activity on leukocyte mobilization, neutrophil migration into the vascular wall (aorta), and transcriptional adaptation of the vascular wall and compared and combined the effects of high physical activity with that of pharmacological treatment (aldosterone antagonist spironolactone). At the start of the 6th week of life, before hypertension became established in SHRs, rats were provided with a running wheel over a period of 10-months'. To investigate to what extent training-induced changes may underlie a possible regression, controls were also generated by removal of the running wheel for the last 4 months. Aldosterone blockade was achieved upon oral administration of Spironolactone in the corresponding treatment groups for the last 4 months. The number of circulating blood cells was quantified by FACS analysis of peripheral blood. mRNA expression of selected proteins was quantified by RT-PCR. Histology and confocal laser microscopy were used to monitor cell migration. Although voluntary running wheel exercise reduced the number of circulating neutrophils in normotensive rats, it rather increased it in SHRs. Furthermore, running wheel activity in SHRs but not normotensive rats increased the number of natural killer (NK)-cells. Except of the increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and reduction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), running wheel activity exerted a different transcriptional response in the vascular tissue of normotensive and hypertensive rats, i.e., lack of reduction of the pro-inflammatory IL-6 in vessels from hypertensive rats. Spironolactone reduced the number of neutrophils; however, in co-presence with high physical activity this effect was blunted. In conclusion, although high physical activity has beneficial effects in normotensive rats, this does not predict similar beneficial effects in the concomitant presence of hypertension and care has to be taken on interactions between pharmacological approaches and high physical activity in hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Schreckenberg
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Wolf
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Troidl
- Department of Cardiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sakine Simsekyilmaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Zhao HX, Zhang Z, Zhou HL, Hu F, Yu Y. Exercise training suppresses Mst1 activation and attenuates myocardial dysfunction in mice with type 1 diabetes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:777-784. [PMID: 32687725 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Our study was to test the effects of aerobic exercise on myocardial function in mice with type 1 diabetes and investigate the underlying mechanism associated with mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1). Wild-type mice and Mst1(-/-) mice were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes and given moderate-intensity exercise for 12 weeks. Phosphorylation of Mst1 was significantly enhanced in the left ventricles of diabetic mice, which was reversed by exercise training. Exercise training or Mst1 deficiency improved myocardial function and reduced myocardial fibrosis in diabetic mice. Exercise training or Mst1 deficiency reduced TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-3 activity in the myocardium of diabetic mice. Exercise training or Mst1 deficiency abated oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation, attenuated mitochondrial swelling, and enhanced mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate formation and mitochondrial membrane potential in the myocardium of diabetic mice. Exercise training or Mst1 deficiency suppressed inflammation in the myocardium of diabetic mice. Furthermore, exercise training did not provide further protection in Mst1 knockout mice in diabetes. In conclusion, chronic exercise training attenuated myocardial dysfunction in mice with type 1 diabetes, at least in part, through suppressing Mst1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Xi Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Center Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Physical Education, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Khakdan S, Delfan M, Heydarpour Meymeh M, Kazerouni F, Ghaedi H, Shanaki M, Kalaki-Jouybari F, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Rahimipour A. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) effectively enhances heart function via miR-195 dependent cardiomyopathy reduction in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:250-257. [PMID: 30320520 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1511599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Regarding the fact that up-regulation of miR-195 in diabetic hearts has a potential role in diabetic cardiomyopathy, the present study investigated whether continuous endurance training (CET) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) reduces miR-195 expression and which exercise is effective in this regard.Methods: Diabetes was induced by high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD). Then, the rats were sub-divided into three categories; sedentary (HFHFD + SED), continuous endurance training (HFHFD + CET), and high-intensity interval training group (HFHFD + HIIT). After eight weeks of running, expression of miR-195 and myocardial function were evaluated.Results: HIIT effectively decreases the expression of miR-195 and increases the expression of Sirt1 and BCL-2 in diabetic rats compared with CET. Our results showed that HIIT compared with CET increases left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%) and fractional shortening (FS%).Conclusions: Our results indicated that exercise, especially HIIT is an appropriate strategy for reducing miR-195 and improving myocardial function in diabetic rats compared with CET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheyla Khakdan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Heydarpour Meymeh
- Department of English Language, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Kazerouni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kalaki-Jouybari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimipour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Wang SQ, Li D, Yuan Y. Long-term moderate intensity exercise alleviates myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetic rats via inhibitions of oxidative stress and TGF-β1/Smad pathway. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:861-873. [PMID: 31392590 PMCID: PMC10716963 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has an effect on the reduction of myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats as previously reported, in which oxidative stress and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway may play key roles. There is little direct experimental evidence that exercise alleviates myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here we established a type 2 diabetic model by using streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. Rats were divided into groups of normal control (NC), T2DM and T2DM plus exercise (T2DME). The T2DME group received further treadmill training at moderate intensity for 8 weeks. Histological and biochemical methods were used to detect the benefits of exercise to T2DM. Results showed that the weight of rats in the T2DM group dropped dramatically, along with significant increases in blood glucose, myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress, associated with upregulated expression of factors of myocardial fibrosis, except Smad7. Exercise largely reversed T2DM-induced alterations in factors of myocardial fibrosis, including suppressing expression of MMP-2, CTGF, TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3, and increased expression of TIMP-1 and Smad7. Therefore, exercise might be considered an alternative therapeutic remedy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qiang Wang
- Physical Education College, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Physical Education College, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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11
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Taghi Beigi H, Esfarjani F, Marandi SM, Karami H. The Effect of 8-Week Aerobic Exercise on the Expression of Regulatory Subunits of NADPH Oxidase 2 (p47phox and p67phox) in the Cardiac Tissue of Diabetic Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2019.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oxidative stress seems to play a major role in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 is considered as one of the main enzymatic systems which primarily contributes to the production of reactive oxygen species in various organs including the heart. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise (AE) on the expression of p47phox and p67phox, which are regarded as the regulatory subunits of NADPH oxidase 2 in the cardiac tissue in diabetic rats. Methods: A total of 36 male Wistar rats with a mean weight of 231±25 g were randomly divided into non-diabetic, control diabetic, and trained diabetic groups (each containing 12 rats). Nicotinamide and streptozotocin were used to induce diabetes in the rats. The cardiac muscle was removed under sterile conditions 48 hours following the last training session. Finally, the mRNA levels of p47phox and p67phox were evaluated using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The results showed that diabetes induction significantly increased the gene expressions of p47phox and p67phox in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. The expression of these genes was significantly attenuated after 8 weeks of AE. Conclusion: In general, AE was found to prevent the negative effects of diabetes by suppressing p47phox and p67phox in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Therefore, this can improve cardiac function and may be a potential preventive or therapeutic modality for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Taghi Beigi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Esfarjani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Karami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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de Bem GF, Costa CA, Santos IB, Cristino Cordeiro VDS, de Carvalho LCRM, de Souza MAV, Soares RDA, Sousa PJDC, Ognibene DT, Resende AC, de Moura RS. Antidiabetic effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) extract and exercise training on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A positive interaction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199207. [PMID: 29920546 PMCID: PMC6007924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a protective role of polyphenols and exercise training on the disorders of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to assess the effect of the açaí seed extract (ASE) associated with exercise training on diabetic complications induced by high-fat (HF) diet plus streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats with HF diet (55% fat) for 5 weeks and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.). Control (C) and Diabetic (D) animals were subdivided into four groups each: Sedentary, Training, ASE Sedentary, and ASE Training. ASE (200 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage and the exercise training was performed on a treadmill (30min/day; 5 days/week) for 4 weeks after the diabetes induction. In type 2 diabetic rats, the treatment with ASE reduced blood glucose, insulin resistance, leptin and IL-6 levels, lipid profile, and vascular dysfunction. ASE increased the expression of insulin signaling proteins in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and plasma GLP-1 levels. ASE associated with exercise training potentiated the reduction of glycemia by decreasing TNF-α levels, increasing pAKT and adiponectin expressions in adipose tissue, and IR and pAMPK expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, ASE treatment has an antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats by activating the insulin-signaling pathway in muscle and adipose tissue, increasing GLP-1 levels, and an anti-inflammatory action. Exercise training potentiates the glucose-lowering effect of ASE by activating adiponectin-AMPK pathway and increasing IR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo de Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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