1
|
Dashti HS, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R, Garaulet M. Impact of polygenic score for BMI on weight loss effectiveness and genome-wide association analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:694-701. [PMID: 38267484 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While environmental factors play an important role in weight loss effectiveness, genetics may also influence its success. We examined whether a genome-wide polygenic score for BMI was associated with weight loss effectiveness and aimed to identify common genetic variants associated with weight loss. METHODS Participants in the ONTIME study (n = 1210) followed a uniform, multimodal behavioral weight-loss intervention. We first tested associations between a genome-wide polygenic score for higher BMI and weight loss effectiveness (total weight loss, rate of weight loss, and attrition). We then conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for weight loss in the ONTIME study and performed the largest weight loss meta-analysis with earlier studies (n = 3056). Lastly, we ran exploratory GWAS in the ONTIME study for other weight loss outcomes and related factors. RESULTS We found that each standard deviation increment in the polygenic score was associated with a decrease in the rate of weight loss (Beta (95% CI) = -0.04 kg per week (-0.06, -0.01); P = 3.7 × 10-03) and with higher attrition after adjusting by treatment duration. No associations reached genome-wide significance in meta-analysis with previous GWAS studies for weight loss. However, associations in the ONTIME study showed effects consistent with published studies for rs545936 (MIR486/NKX6.3/ANK1), a previously noted weight loss locus. In the meta-analysis, each copy of the minor A allele was associated with 0.12 (0.03) kg/m2 higher BMI at week five of treatment (P = 3.9 × 10-06). In the ONTIME study, we also identified two genome-wide significant (P < 5×10-08) loci for the rate of weight loss near genes implicated in lipolysis, body weight, and metabolic regulation: rs146905606 near NFIP1/SPRY4/FGF1; and rs151313458 near LSAMP. CONCLUSION Our findings are expected to help in developing personalized weight loss approaches based on genetics. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Obesity, Nutrigenetics, Timing, and Mediterranean (ONTIME; clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02829619) study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JY, Choi J, Kwon Y, Park S, Kim SG, Kim NH. Serum fibroblast growth factor 1 and its association with pancreatic beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in adults with glucose intolerance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198311. [PMID: 37284218 PMCID: PMC10239951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beneficial role of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) in the regulation of glucose metabolism and adipose tissue remodeling was suggested in rodents. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum FGF1 levels and metabolic parameters in adults with glucose intolerance. Methods Serum FGF1 levels were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 153 individuals with glucose intolerance. Associations between serum FGF1 levels and metabolic parameters, including body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test-derived parameters, including insulinogenic index (IGI), Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and disposition index (DI), were examined. Results Serum FGF1 was detected in 35 individuals (22.9%), possibly due to the autocrine/paracrine nature of the peptide. IGI and DI levels were significantly lower in individuals with higher FGF1 levels than in those with lower FGF1 levels or undetectable FGF1 (p=0.006 and 0.005 for IGI and DI, respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI). Univariable and multivariable analyses using the Tobit regression model also revealed a negative association between FGF1 levels and IGI and DI. The regression coefficients per 1-SD of log-transformed IGI and DI were -0.461 (p=0.013) and -0.467 (p=0.012), respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. In contrast, serum FGF1 levels were not significantly associated with ISI, BMI, or HbA1c. Conclusions The serum concentration of FGF1 was significantly elevated in individuals with low insulin secretion, suggesting a possible interaction between FGF1 and beta cell function in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongkeun Kwon
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Park
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Norwitz NG, Soto-Mota A, Kaplan B, Ludwig DS, Budoff M, Kontush A, Feldman D. The Lipid Energy Model: Reimagining Lipoprotein Function in the Context of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050460. [PMID: 35629964 PMCID: PMC9147253 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When lean people adopt carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRDs), they may develop a lipid profile consisting of elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) with low triglycerides (TGs). The magnitude of this lipid profile correlates with BMI such that those with lower BMI exhibit larger increases in both LDL-C and HDL-C. The inverse association between BMI and LDL-C and HDL-C change on CRD contributed to the discovery of a subset of individuals—termed Lean Mass Hyper-Responders (LMHR)—who, despite normal pre-diet LDL-C, as compared to non-LMHR (mean levels of 148 and 145 mg/dL, respectively), exhibited a pronounced hyperlipidemic response to a CRD, with mean LDL-C and HDL-C levels increasing to 320 and 99 mg/dL, respectively, in the context of mean TG of 47 mg/dL. In some LMHR, LDL-C levels may be in excess of 500 mg/dL, again, with relatively normal pre-diet LDL-C and absent of genetic findings indicative of familial hypercholesterolemia in those who have been tested. The Lipid Energy Model (LEM) attempts to explain this metabolic phenomenon by positing that, with carbohydrate restriction in lean persons, the increased dependence on fat as a metabolic substrate drives increased hepatic secretion and peripheral uptake of TG contained within very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) by lipoprotein lipase, resulting in marked elevations of LDL-C and HDL-C, and low TG. Herein, we review the core features of the LEM. We review several existing lines of evidence supporting the model and suggest ways to test the model’s predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Norwitz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.G.N.); (D.F.)
| | - Adrian Soto-Mota
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Bob Kaplan
- Citizen Science Foundation, Las Vegas, NV 89139, USA;
| | - David S. Ludwig
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - David Feldman
- Citizen Science Foundation, Las Vegas, NV 89139, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.G.N.); (D.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang Z, Zhao M, Voilquin L, Jung Y, Aikio MA, Sahai T, Dou FY, Roche AM, Carcamo-Orive I, Knowles JW, Wabitsch M, Appel EA, Maikawa CL, Camporez JP, Shulman GI, Tsai L, Rosen ED, Gardner CD, Spiegelman BM, Svensson KJ. Isthmin-1 is an adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and improves glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1836-1852.e11. [PMID: 34348115 PMCID: PMC8429235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, there is still an unmet need to better treat hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Here, we identify isthmin-1 (Ism1) as an adipokine and one that has a dual role in increasing adipose glucose uptake while suppressing hepatic lipid synthesis. Ism1 ablation results in impaired glucose tolerance, reduced adipose glucose uptake, and reduced insulin sensitivity, demonstrating an endogenous function for Ism1 in glucose regulation. Mechanistically, Ism1 activates a PI3K-AKT signaling pathway independently of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors. Notably, while the glucoregulatory function is shared with insulin, Ism1 counteracts lipid accumulation in the liver by switching hepatocytes from a lipogenic to a protein synthesis state. Furthermore, therapeutic dosing of recombinant Ism1 improves diabetes in diet-induced obese mice and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in a diet-induced fatty liver mouse model. These findings uncover an unexpected, bioactive protein hormone that might have simultaneous therapeutic potential for diabetes and fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laetitia Voilquin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yunshin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mari A Aikio
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanushi Sahai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander M Roche
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eric A Appel
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joao Paulo Camporez
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lambertucci AC, Lofrano-Prado MC, Lambertucci RH, Botero JP, Dâmaso AR, do Prado WL. Effect of behavioral counseling therapy with or without physical activity on inflammatory markers in adolescents with obesity: a randomized clinical trial. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Zhao M, Jung Y, Jiang Z, Svensson KJ. Regulation of Energy Metabolism by Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ligands. Front Physiol 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 32372975 PMCID: PMC7186430 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease, have now reached epidemic proportions. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of cell surface receptors responding to growth factors, hormones, and cytokines to mediate a diverse set of fundamental cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. These ligands signal by endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine means in peripheral organs and in the central nervous system to control cellular and tissue-specific metabolic processes. Interestingly, the expression of many RTKs and their ligands are controlled by changes in metabolic demand, for example, during starvation, feeding, or obesity. In addition, studies of RTKs and their ligands in regulating energy homeostasis have revealed unexpected diversity in the mechanisms of action and their specific metabolic functions. Our current understanding of the molecular, biochemical and genetic control of energy homeostasis by the endocrine RTK ligands insulin, FGF21 and FGF19 are now relatively well understood. In addition to these classical endocrine signals, non-endocrine ligands can govern local energy regulation, and the intriguing crosstalk between the RTK family and the TGFβ receptor family demonstrates a signaling network that diversifies metabolic process between tissues. Thus, there is a need to increase our molecular and mechanistic understanding of signal diversification of RTK actions in metabolic disease. Here we review the known and emerging molecular mechanisms of RTK signaling that regulate systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as highlighting unexpected roles of non-classical RTK ligands that crosstalk with other receptor pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yunshin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hua X, Sun D, Zhang W, Fu J, Tong J, Sun S, Zeng F, Ouyang S, Zhang G, Wang S, Li D, Miao C, Wang P. P7C3‐A20 alleviates fatty liver by shaping gut microbiota and inducing FGF21/FGF1, via the AMP‐activated protein kinase/CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2111-2130. [PMID: 32037512 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Di‐Yang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Wen‐Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Jiang‐Tao Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Jie Tong
- Department of Pharmacy Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Si‐Jia Sun
- Department of Pharmacy Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Fei‐Yan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Shen‐Xi Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Guo‐Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Shu‐Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Dong‐Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Chao‐Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu B, Zhong J, Pan J, Yuan X, Ren M, Jiang L, Yang Y, Zhang G, Liu D, Zhang C. Gdf11 gene transfer prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and improves metabolic homeostasis in obese and STZ-induced diabetic mice. J Transl Med 2019; 17:422. [PMID: 31847906 PMCID: PMC6915940 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) was shown to reverse age-related hypertrophy on cardiomyocytes and considered as anti-aging rejuvenation factor. The role of GDF11 in regulating metabolic homeostasis is unclear. In this study, we investigated the functions of GDF11 in regulating metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. Methods Using a hydrodynamic injection approach, plasmids carrying a mouse Gdf11 gene were delivered into mice and generated the sustained Gdf11 expression in the liver and its protein level in the blood. High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity was employed to examine the impacts of Gdf11 gene transfer on HFD-induced adiposity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation. The impacts of GDF11 on metabolic homeostasis of obese and diabetic mice were examined using HFD-induced obese and STZ-induced diabetic models. Results Gdf11 gene transfer alleviates HFD-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and fatty liver development. In obese and STZ-induced diabetic mice, Gdf11 gene transfer restores glucose metabolism and improves insulin resistance. Mechanism study reveals that Gdf11 gene transfer increases the energy expenditure of mice, upregulates the expression of genes responsible for thermoregulation in brown adipose tissue, downregulates the expression of inflammatory genes in white adipose tissue and those involved in hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. Overexpression of GDF11 also activates TGF-β/Smad2, PI3K/AKT/FoxO1, and AMPK signaling pathways in white adipose tissue. Conclusions These results demonstrate that GDF11 plays an important role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and energy balance and could be a target for pharmacological intervention to treat metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- The Science Research Center, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianfei Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingzhi Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dexi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China. .,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|