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Bakinowska E, Stańska W, Kiełbowski K, Szwedkowicz A, Boboryko D, Pawlik A. Gut Dysbiosis and Dietary Interventions in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:3215. [PMID: 39339815 PMCID: PMC11435214 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease. The pathogenesis of RA is complex and involves interactions between articular cells, such as fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and immune cells. These cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, metalloproteinases and other molecules that together participate in joint degradation. The current evidence suggests the important immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiome, which can affect susceptibility to diseases and infections. An altered microbiome, a phenomenon known as gut dysbiosis, is associated with the development of inflammatory diseases. Importantly, the profile of the gut microbiome depends on dietary habits. Therefore, dietary elements and interventions can indirectly impact the progression of diseases. This review summarises the evidence on the involvement of gut dysbiosis and diet in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Stańska
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Szwedkowicz
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Boboryko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Ho LJ, Wu CH, Luo SF, Lai JH. Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: Causality and association with disease activity and therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116417. [PMID: 38996931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The major role of bioactive vitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D or calcitriol) is to maintain the levels of calcium and phosphorus to achieve bone and mineral homeostasis. Dietary intake and adequate natural light exposure are the main contributors to normal vitamin D status. In addition to regulating metabolism, vitamin D exerts various immunomodulatory effects that regulate innate and adaptive immunity through immune effector cells such as monocytes, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells and nonimmune cells that express vitamin D receptors. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology, and the association between vitamin D and SLE remains incompletely understood. Given that the current treatment for SLE relies heavily on corticosteroids and that SLE patients tend to have low vitamin D status, vitamin D supplementation may help to reduce the dosage of corticosteroids and/or attenuate disease severity. In this review, we address the associations between vitamin D and several clinical aspects of SLE. In addition, the underlying immunomodulatory mechanisms accounting for the potential vitamin D-mediated therapeutic effects are discussed. Finally, several confounding factors in data interpretation and the execution of clinical trials and perspectives targeting vitamin D supplementation in patients with SLE are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Wu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Fen Luo
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Houen G. Auto-immuno-deficiency syndromes. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103610. [PMID: 39209011 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases constitute a broad, heterogenous group with many diverse and often overlapping symptoms. Even so, they are traditionally classified as either systemic, rheumatic diseases or organ-directed diseases. Several theories exist about autoimmune diseases, including defective self-recognition, altered self, molecular mimicry, bystander activation and epitope spreading. While there is no consensus about these theories, it is generally accepted that genetic, pre-disposing factors in combination with environmental factors can result in autoimmune disease. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors varies between diseases, as does the significance of individual contributing factors within related diseases. Among the genetic factors, molecules involved in antigen (Ag) recognition, processing, and presentation stand out (e.g., MHC I and II) together with molecules involved in immune signaling and regulation of cellular interactions (i.e., immuno-phenotypes). Also, various immuno-deficiencies have been linked to development of autoimmune diseases. Among the environmental factors, infections (e.g., viruses) have attracted most attention, but factors modulating the immune system have also been the subject of much research (e.g., sunlight and vitamin D). Multiple sclerosis currently stands out due to a very strong and proven association with Epstein-Barr virus infection, notably in cases of late infection and in cases of EBV-associated mononucleosis. Thus, a common picture is emerging that both systemic and organ-directed autoimmune diseases may appropriately be described as auto-immuno-deficiency syndromes (AIdeSs), a concept that emphasizes and integrates existing knowledge on the role of immuno-deficiencies and chronic infections with development of overlapping disease syndromes with variable frequencies of autoantibodies and/or autoreactive T cells. This review integrates and exemplifies current knowledge on the interplay of genetically determined immuno-phenotypes and chronic infections in the development of AIdeSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology and Translational Research Center (TRACE), Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.
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Arabi A, Nasrallah D, Mohsen S, Abugharbieh L, Al-Hashimi D, AlMass S, Albasti S, Al-Ajmi SA, Zughaier SM. The interplay between vitamin D status, subclinical inflammation, and prediabetes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35764. [PMID: 39170232 PMCID: PMC11337041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D's role extends beyond classical calcium and phosphate homeostasis to encompass a pivotal influence on immune modulation and metabolic health. The mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts these effects involve its conversion to hormonally active calcitriol, which binds intracellular vitamin D receptors, initiating various downstream cascades. In this review, we tease out the evidence showing the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and prediabetes within the context of subclinical inflammation, with a special focus on the novel monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR), a novel inflammatory marker reflecting subclinical inflammation. This was based on a thorough literature review using reputable databases covering the period from 1980 to 2024. In light of this, we discuss calcitriol's anti-inflammatory effects and consequently link vitamin D deficiency to both overt and subclinical inflammation. Additionally, the utility of several biomarkers, notably MHR, in investigating this association is also discussed. We further reviewed the role of vitamin D deficiency in precipitating prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via insulin resistance, decreased insulin synthesis and secretion, and subclinical inflammation. Taken together, this mini review highlights that vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with subclinical inflammation, playing a critical role in the development of prediabetes and the progression to T2DM. Addressing vitamin D deficiency through appropriate interventions may serve as a preventative measure against the development of prediabetes and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Mohsen
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lana Abugharbieh
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dana Al-Hashimi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shaikha AlMass
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahd Albasti
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saeed A. Al-Ajmi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Susu M. Zughaier
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Formisano E, Proietti E, Borgarelli C, Pisciotta L. Comment to "Vitamin D in psoriatic arthritis - A systematic review and meta-analysis". Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 67:152457. [PMID: 38696881 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Formisano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Shufang M, Xiaojiao H, Yinhong K. Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-21 correlates with the reactive oxygen species and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1308. [PMID: 39056553 PMCID: PMC11273535 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder and its characteristics include the immune system's invasion of the healthy lining of the joints and the articular structures degeneration. The IL-21 pro-inflammatory cytokine, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) might have a role in the RA etiopathogenesis. The present study assessed the correlation of IL-21 with vitamin 25(OH)D and the ROS. METHODS The study included 120 RA patients and 60 healthy group. The RA patients were categorized based on rheumatoid factor (RF) seropositivity or seronegativity and the RA severity. Chemiluminescent immunoassay and 10% hematocrit were used to check levels of vitamin 25(OH)D and ROS, respectively. ELISA was used for the detection of IL-21 in the plasma. RESULTS The RA patients had a significantly reduced vitamin 25(OH)D level compared to the healthy controls. The IL-21 and ROS were however significantly increased in the RA patients compared to the controls. Further, the seropositive RF and the high RA severity patients had significant IL-21 and ROS increase in comparison with the seronegative RF and the low severity RA patients. Finally, IL-21 negatively correlated with vitamin 25(OH)D, but positively correlated with the ROS. CONCLUSION This is the first investigation to confirm the relationship between IL-21 with vitamin 25(OH)D and the ROS among the RA patients. The findings indicate that vitamin 25(OH)D is reduced in the RA patients' serum. ROS and IL-21 are also associated with increased RA severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Shufang
- Rheumatology and Immunology DepartmentFourth Central Hospital of Baoding CityBaodingHebei ProvinceChina
| | - Han Xiaojiao
- Rheumatology and Immunology DepartmentFourth Central Hospital of Baoding CityBaodingHebei ProvinceChina
| | - Kang Yinhong
- Obstetrics DepartmentFourth Central Hospital of Baoding CityBaodingHebei ProvinceChina
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Zhang T, Zhong J, Ji X, Sun J, Cui Y, Wang S. Vitamin D add on the standard treatment for myasthenia gravis symptoms following total gastrectomy: a case report. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:188. [PMID: 38840065 PMCID: PMC11151543 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness and fatigue as its primary clinical features. Vitamin D is crucial for both the autoimmune response and skeletal muscle function. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we presented a case report documenting the substantial improvement in symptoms experienced by a patient who underwent subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer following high-dose Vitamin D supplementation. The patient developed generalized MG two months after the surgery and did not respond adequately to pyridostigmine therapy, experiencing a progressive deterioration of the condition. A significant reduction in vitamin D concentration was observed following subtotal gastrectomy. In response, high-dose vitamin D supplementation was administered to the patient. Within one week of treatment, swallowing symptoms improved, enabling the consumption of a small amount of liquid food. By the second week, substantial swallowing and neck function improvements were evident. After one month, the patient regained the ability to straighten the neck while walking and consumed a regular diet despite persistent difficulties chewing hard food. CONCLUSIONS This case underscores the therapeutic potential of vitamin D in alleviating MG symptoms, particularly in individuals with compromised vitamin D levels following gastrectomy. The observed improvements present a new perspective on the possible involvement of vitamin D supplementation in the management of postoperative MG cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23 Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Hospital affiliated to Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bayannur city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 015000, China
| | - Junhong Zhong
- Department of Acupuncture, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23 Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xu Ji
- Department of Acupuncture, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23 Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Jingqing Sun
- Department of Acupuncture, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23 Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yingxue Cui
- Department of Acupuncture, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23 Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Shaosong Wang
- Department of Acupuncture, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23 Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.
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Gheorghe SR, Ilyés T, Filip GA, Dănescu AS, Timiș TL, Orăsan M, Stamate I, Crăciun AM, Silaghi CN. Low Vitamin K Status in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1180. [PMID: 38927387 PMCID: PMC11200760 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a disease characterized by skin manifestations and systemic inflammation. There are no published studies to date on vitamin K status assessed by extrahepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins [e.g., osteocalcin (OC) and matrix Gla protein (MGP)] in patients with PV, even if vitamin K was found to promote wound contraction and decrease the healing time of the skin. Metabolic syndrome (MS), a comorbidity of PV, was found to influence vitamin K status, and vitamin D was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of PV. Therefore, our aim was to assess the status of vitamins K and D in subjects with PV. We enrolled 44 patients with PV and 44 age- and sex-matched subjects as a control group (CG), of which individuals with MS were designated the CG with MS subgroup. Furthermore, the PV patients were stratified into two subgroups: those with MS (n = 20) and those without MS (n = 24). In addition to the quantification of vitamin D and MGP in all subjects, the uncarboxylated OC/carboxylated OC (ucOC/cOC) ratio was also assessed as an inversely proportional marker of vitamin K status. We found an increased ucOC/cOC ratio in the PV group compared to CG but also a greater ucOC/cOC ratio in the PV with MS subgroup than in the CG with MS subgroup. MGP was decreased in the PV with MS subgroup compared to CG with MS subgroup. There was no difference in the vitamin D concentration between the groups. This is the first study to report decreased vitamin K status in patients with PV, independent of the presence of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona R. Gheorghe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.R.G.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Tamás Ilyés
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.R.G.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Gabriela A. Filip
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.A.F.); (T.L.T.)
| | - Ana S. Dănescu
- Department of Dermatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Teodora L. Timiș
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.A.F.); (T.L.T.)
| | - Meda Orăsan
- Department of Physiopathology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Irina Stamate
- Centre Neuchatelois de Psychiatrie, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;
| | - Alexandra M. Crăciun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.R.G.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Ciprian N. Silaghi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.R.G.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
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Zhu Y, Zhou X, Jia J, Xue Q. Causal associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and NMOSD: a two-Sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2379-2381. [PMID: 38175315 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjin Jia
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
- Suzhou Clinical Medical Centre, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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Lupu VV, Lupu A, Jechel E, Starcea IM, Stoleriu G, Ioniuc I, Azoicai A, Danielescu C, Knieling A, Borka-Balas R, Salaru DL, Revenco N, Fotea S. The role of vitamin D in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus - a double pawn in the immune and microbial balance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373904. [PMID: 38715605 PMCID: PMC11074404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Having increased popularity during the Covid-19 pandemic, vitamin D3 is currently impressing thanks to the numerous researches aimed at its interactions with the body's homeostasis. At the same time, there is a peak in terms of recommendations for supplementation with it. Some of the studies focus on the link between autoimmune diseases and nutritional deficiencies, especially vitamin D3. Since the specialized literature aimed at children (patients between 0-18 years old) is far from equal to the informational diversity of the adult-centered branch, this review aims to bring up to date the relationship between the microbial and nutritional balance and the activity of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE). The desired practical purpose resides in a better understanding and an adequate, individualized management of the affected persons to reduce morbidity. The center of the summary is to establish the impact of hypovitaminosis D in the development and evolution of pediatric lupus erythematosus. We will address aspects related to the two entities of the impact played by vitamin D3 in the pathophysiological cascade of lupus, but also the risk of toxicity and its effects when the deficiency is over supplemented (hypervitaminosis D). We will debate the relationship of hypovitaminosis D with the modulation of immune function, the potentiation of inflammatory processes, the increase of oxidative stress, the perfusion of cognitive brain areas, the seasonal incidence of SLE and its severity. Finally, we review current knowledge, post-pandemic, regarding the hypovitaminosis D - pSLE relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Jechel
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Stoleriu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alice Azoicai
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Danielescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anton Knieling
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Reka Borka-Balas
- Pediatrics, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ninel Revenco
- Pediatrics, “Nicolae Testemitanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Galati, Romania
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Barberis M, Rojas López A. Metabolic imbalance driving immune cell phenotype switching in autoimmune disorders: Tipping the balance of T- and B-cell interactions. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1626. [PMID: 38500390 PMCID: PMC10948951 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the immune system and the metabolic state of a cell is intricate. In all phases of an immune response, the corresponding metabolic changes shall occur to support its modulation, in addition to the signalling through the cytokine environment and immune receptor stimulation. While autoimmune disorders may develop because of a metabolic imbalance that modulates switching between T-cell phenotypes, the effects that the interaction between T and B cells have on one another's cellular metabolism are yet to be understood in disease context. Here, we propose a perspective which highlights the potential of targeting metabolism to modulate T- and B-cell subtypes populations as well as T-B and B-T cell interactions to successfully treat autoimmune disorders. Specifically, we envision how metabolic changes can tip the balance of immune cells interactions, through definite mechanisms in both health and disease, to explain phenotype switches of B and T cells. Within this scenario, we highlight targeting metabolism that link inflammation, immunometabolism, epigenetics and ageing, is critical to understand inflammatory disorders. The combination of treatments targeting immune cells that cause (T/B) cell phenotype imbalances, and the metabolic pathways involved, may increase the effectiveness of treatment of autoimmune disorders, and/or ameliorate their symptoms to improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Barberis
- Molecular Systems BiologySchool of BiosciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCBUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear OrganizationSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Rojas López
- Molecular Systems BiologySchool of BiosciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCBUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
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Vatanparast H, Longworth ZL. Reply-in response to: How does Canada's new vitamin D fortification policy affect the high prevalence of inadequate intake of the vitamin? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:413-414. [PMID: 38407102 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zoe L Longworth
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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13
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Xie Y, Chen L, Chen J, Chen Y. Calcitriol restrains microglial M1 polarization and alleviates dopaminergic degeneration in hemiparkinsonian mice by boosting regulatory T-cell expansion. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3373. [PMID: 38346718 PMCID: PMC10861354 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and vitamin D supplementation robustly alleviates neurodegeneration in PD models. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect require further clarification. Current evidence suggests that harnessing regulatory T cells (Treg) may mitigate neuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of vitamin D receptor activation by calcitriol on PD, specifically focusing on its role in Treg. METHODS Hemiparkinsonian mice model was established through the injection of 6-OHDA into the striatum. Mice were pretreated with calcitriol before 6-OHDA injection. The motor performance, dopaminergic neuronal survival, contents of dopamine, and dopamine metabolites were evaluated. The pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, T-cell infiltration, mRNA expression of indicated microglial M1/M2 phenotypic markers, and microglial marker in the midbrain were detected. Populations of Treg in the splenic tissues were assessed using a flow cytometry assay. PC61 monoclonal antibody was applied to deplete Treg in vivo. RESULTS We show that calcitriol supplementation notably improved motor performance and reduced dopaminergic degeneration in the 6-OHDA-induced PD model. Mechanistically, calcitriol promoted anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective Treg and inhibited pro-inflammatory/neurodestructive effector T-cell generation in this model. This process significantly inhibited T-cell infiltration in the midbrain, restrained microglial activation, microglial M1 polarization, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines release. This more favorable inflammatory microenvironment rescued dopaminergic degeneration. To further verify that the anti-inflammatory effects of calcitriol are associated with Treg expansion, we applied an antibody-mediated Treg depletion assay. As predicted, the anti-inflammatory effects of calcitriol in the PD model were diminished following Treg depletion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that calcitriol's anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in PD are associated with its potential to boost Treg expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
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Gasperini B, Falvino A, Piccirilli E, Tarantino U, Botta A, Visconti VV. Methylation of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Human Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:107. [PMID: 38203278 PMCID: PMC10779104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) mediates the actions of 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), which has important roles in bone homeostasis, growth/differentiation of cells, immune functions, and reduction of inflammation. Emerging evidences suggest that epigenetic modifications of the VDR gene, particularly DNA methylation, may contribute to the onset and progression of many human disorders. This review aims to summarize the available information on the role of VDR methylation signatures in different pathological contexts, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer, and others. The reversible nature of DNA methylation could enable the development of therapeutic strategies, offering new avenues for the management of these worldwide diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Gasperini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Angela Falvino
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Eleonora Piccirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (U.T.)
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (U.T.)
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Virginia Veronica Visconti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
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Daryabor G, Gholijani N, Kahmini FR. A review of the critical role of vitamin D axis on the immune system. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 132-133:104866. [PMID: 37572961 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the physiological and molecular functions of vitamin D (Vit-D) have been deeply investigated. At first, Vit-D was considered a regulator of mineral and skeletal homeostasis. However, due to the extensive-expression pattern of Vit-D receptor (VDR) in almost every non-skeletal cell, Vit-D is considered mainly a multifunctional agent with broad effects on various tissues, notably the immune system. The expression of VDR in immune cells such as dendritic cells, monocyte/macrophage, neutrophils, B cells and T cells has been well demonstrated. Besides, such immune cells are capable of metabolizing the active form of Vit-D which means that it can module the immune system in both paracrine and autocrine manners. Vit-D binding protein (DBP), that regulates the levels and homeostasis of Vit-D, is another key molecule capable of modulating the immune system. Recent studies indicate that dysregulation of Vit-D axis, variations in the DBP and VDR genes, and Vit-D levels might be risk factors for the development of autoimmune disease. Here, the current evidence regarding the role of Vit-D axis on the immune system, as well as its role in the development of autoimmune disease will be clarified. Further insight will be given to those studies that investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of DBP and VDR genes with autoimmune disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei Kahmini
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Formisano E, Proietti E, Borgarelli C, Pisciotta L. Psoriasis and Vitamin D: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3387. [PMID: 37571324 PMCID: PMC10421389 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-dysregulated inflammatory disease and hypovitaminosis D is considered a risk factor. We conducted an online database search to review and meta-analyze the relationship between vitamin D, other bone metabolism parameters, and psoriasis. The efficacy of oral vitamin D supplementation in improving Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was also evaluated. Non-original articles, case reports, and animal studies were excluded. Bias risk was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies, respectively. Unstandardized mean differences were used for data synthesis. Twenty-three studies reported serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in 1876 psoriasis patients and 7532 controls. Psoriasis patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than controls (21.0 ± 8.3 vs. 27.3 ± 9.8, p < 0.00001). Conversely, 450 psoriasis patients had lower levels of parathormone than 417 controls (38.7 ± 12.8 vs. 43.7 ± 16.5, p = 0.015). Four RCTs examined the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on psoriasis for 173 patients and 160 patients were treated with placebo. No significant differences were found in PASI after 3, 6, and 12 months of supplementation. It is shown that 25(OH)D serum levels are significantly lower in psoriasis, but, although the granularity of RCT methodology may have influenced the pooled analysis, vitamin D supplementation did not seem to improve clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Formisano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (C.B.); (L.P.)
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (C.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Consuelo Borgarelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (C.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (C.B.); (L.P.)
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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17
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You W, Liu X, Tang H, Lu B, Zhou Q, Li Y, Chen M, Zhao J, Xu Y, Wang M, Qian J, Tan B. Vitamin D Status Is Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy and Immune-related Adverse Event Severity in Lung Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Immunother 2023; 46:236-243. [PMID: 37184520 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) is potentially immunomodulatory, so here we aimed to explore the relationships between serum VitD levels, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy, and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were quantified before and after ICI treatment in prospectively enrolled patients with advanced lung cancers. Of 77 enrolled patients, 29 developed 42 irAEs. Baseline 25(OH)D levels of partial response (PRs) patients were significantly higher than non-PR patients (19.39±7.16 vs. 16.28±5.99 ng/mL, P =0.04). The area under the curve of 25(OH)D >15.73 ng/mL to identify PR was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.51-0.76, P =0.047), and baseline 25(OH)D levels >15.73 ng/mL (odds ratio: 2.93, 95% CI, 1.10-7.79, P =0.03) and prior targeted therapy (odds ratio: 0.30, 95% CI, 0.10-0.92, P =0.04) were independent predictors of PR as best efficacy by multivariable logistic regression. With respect to irAEs, baseline 25(OH)D levels were higher in grade 1 irAE patients than in grade 2/3/4 irAE patients (20.07±8.64 vs. 15.22±2.30 ng/mL, P =0.02). However, the area under the curve was only 0.56 (95% CI, 0.42-0.70, P =0.39) for a baseline 25(OH)D of 20.99 ng/mL for predicting irAE occurrence. There was a direct monotonic relationship and U-shaped relationship between baseline 25(OH)D levels and ICI efficacy and irAE occurrence, respectively. Overall survival was significantly different between VitD sufficient, insufficient, and deficient patients (log-rank P =0.01), which remained after adjustment in Cox proportional hazards regression models. Baseline 25(OH)D levels seem to be associated with ICI efficacy and prognosis, it might be helpful to assess the baseline VitD status, and supplementation with VitD might bring some benefit to enhance ICI efficacy and reduce moderate-severe irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen You
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Eight-year Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Eight-year Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Joshi M, Uday S. Vitamin D Deficiency in Chronic Childhood Disorders: Importance of Screening and Prevention. Nutrients 2023; 15:2805. [PMID: 37375708 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a vital role in regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism and maintaining bone health. A state of prolonged or profound vitamin D deficiency (VDD) can result in rickets in children and osteomalacia in children and adults. Recent studies have demonstrated the pleiotropic action of vitamin D and identified its effects on multiple biological processes in addition to bone health. VDD is more prevalent in chronic childhood conditions such as long-standing systemic illnesses affecting the renal, liver, gastrointestinal, skin, neurologic and musculoskeletal systems. VDD superimposed on the underlying disease process and treatments that can adversely affect bone turnover can all add to the disease burden in these groups of children. The current review outlines the causes and mechanisms underlying poor bone health in certain groups of children and young people with chronic diseases with an emphasis on the proactive screening and treatment of VDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Joshi
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Suma Uday
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
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19
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Gan Y, You S, Ying J, Mu D. The Association between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Urinary Tract Infection Risk in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:2690. [PMID: 37375601 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between serum vitamin D levels and urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is unclear. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationships between different vitamin D levels and the likelihood of UTI in children. Online databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched up to 6 February 2023 for studies based on the inclusion criteria. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and Odds Ratios (ORs), along with their 95% confidence intervals (CI), were calculated, and the random-effects model was used for analysis. Twelve case-control studies and one cross-sectional study (839 children with UTI and 929 controls) were included. We found that children with UTI had lower levels of serum vitamin D than healthy controls (WMD: -7.730, 95% CI: -11.57, -3.89; p < 0.001). Low vitamin D levels were significantly associated with UTI in children (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.55, 5.05; p = 0.001). The likelihood of children having a UTI significantly increased when their serum vitamin D level was less than 20 ng/mL (OR: 5.49, 95% CI: 1.12, 27.04; p = 0.036). Therefore, vitamin D level, especially when less than 20 ng/mL, is a risk factor in UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siyi You
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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20
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Jalavu TP, Sigwadhi LN, Kotze MJ, Yalew A, Ngah V, Tamuzi JL, Chapanduka ZC, Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CF, Irusen EM, Lalla U, Matsha TE, Erasmus RT, Zumla A, Zemlin AE, Nyasulu PS. An investigation of the correlation of vitamin D status and management outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 at a South African tertiary hospital. IJID REGIONS 2023; 8:S2772-7076(23)00063-2. [PMID: 37363198 PMCID: PMC10234344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe COVID-19 has a poor prognosis, and biomarkers may predict disease severity. This study aimed to assess the effect of baseline Vitamin D (VitD) inadequacy on outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital in South Africa. Methods Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were recruited during wave II of the pandemic in Cape Town. Eighty-six patients were included in the study. They were categorized into three groups "VitD deficient, VitD insufficient and VitD sufficient". We combined the VitD deficient with insufficient group to form "VitD inadequate'' group. Cox regression analysis was done to assess the association between VitD status and mortality. Factors with p< 0.05 in adjusted multivariable cox regression were considered statistically significant. Results The proportion of VitD inadequacy was 64% (55/86), with significantly higher proportion of hypertension (66%; p 0.012). Kaplan Meir curve showed no significant difference in the probability of survival among the COVID-19 patients admitted in the ICU with or without VitD inadequacy. However, patients with elevated serum creatinine were significantly more at risk of dying (Adjusted Hazard Ratio 1.008 (1.002 - 1.030, p<0.017). Conclusion Our study found a high prevalence of VitD inadequacy (combined deficiency and insufficiency) in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. This may indicate a possible risk of severe disease. Whilst there was no statistically significant relationship between VitD status and mortality in this cohort, baseline VitD may be an important prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, particularly in those with comorbidities that predispose to VitD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thumeka P. Jalavu
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and NHLS Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lovemore N. Sigwadhi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maritha J. Kotze
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and NHLS Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anteneh Yalew
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vera Ngah
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacques L. Tamuzi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zivanai C. Chapanduka
- Division of Haematological Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and NHLS Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian W. Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Coenraad F. Koegelenberg
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elvis M. Irusen
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Usha Lalla
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tandi E. Matsha
- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa
- SAMRC/CPUT/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajiv T. Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and NHLS Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alimmudin Zumla
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annalise E. Zemlin
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and NHLS Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter S. Nyasulu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Grammatikopoulou MG, Marakis G, Gkiouras K, Athanatou D, Maraki MI, Bogdanos DP. Fly Me to the Immune: Immunonutrition in Rheumatic Diseases. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2023; 34:30-36. [PMID: 37223598 PMCID: PMC10201096 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.34.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunonutrition is the maintenance and induction of immune homeostasis with the use of nutritional factors, the so called, immunonutrients. Immunonutrition focuses on four "Is" representing an equal number of systemic responses with regards to: a) Immunity, b) Infection, c) Inflammation and d) Injury. Although at the early stages of the development of immunonutrition, its application was focused on malnourished patients, with a latter extension in the intensive care unit setting, today we acknowledge the great importance of immunonutrients in rheumatology. In rheumatic diseases (RDs), all the "Is" representing the four aims and targets of immunonutrition are fulfilled. Impaired Immunity is the hallmark of RDs, with both innate and adaptive immunity contributing to the development and course of each disease entity, representing distinct immunoregulation abnormalities, often paired with micronutrient deficiencies. Infections are both drivers and a frequent epiphenomenon of systemic RDs. Subclinical inflammation is propagated long before the first signs or symptoms of RDs and musculoskeletal conditions (injury) are apparent in all patients with RDs, accompanied by pain, underlying connective tissue disease and the consequent reduction in the function of musculoskeletal. Herein, the role of probiotics, curcumin, vitamins, Selenium, Zinc and n-3 fatty acids as immunonutrients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, General University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Marakis
- Nutrition and Food Standards Unit, Directorate of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Hellenic Food Authority, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, General University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dorothea Athanatou
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, General University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria I. Maraki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, General University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Vitamin D as a Shield against Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054546. [PMID: 36901976 PMCID: PMC10002864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging can be seen as a physiological progression of biomolecular damage and the accumulation of defective cellular components, which trigger and amplify the process, toward whole-body function weakening. Senescence initiates at the cellular level and consists in an inability to maintain homeostasis, characterized by the overexpression/aberrant expression of inflammatory/immune/stress responses. Aging is associated with significant modifications in immune system cells, toward a decline in immunosurveillance, which, in turn, leads to chronic elevation of inflammation/oxidative stress, increasing the risk of (co)morbidities. Albeit aging is a natural and unavoidable process, it can be regulated by some factors, like lifestyle and diet. Nutrition, indeed, tackles the mechanisms underlying molecular/cellular aging. Many micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and elements, can impact cell function. This review focuses on the role exerted by vitamin D in geroprotection, based on its ability to shape cellular/intracellular processes and drive the immune response toward immune protection against infections and age-related diseases. To this aim, the main biomolecular paths underlying immunosenescence and inflammaging are identified as biotargets of vitamin D. Topics such as heart and skeletal muscle cell function/dysfunction, depending on vitamin D status, are addressed, with comments on hypovitaminosis D correction by food and supplementation. Albeit research has progressed, still limitations exist in translating knowledge into clinical practice, making it necessary to focus attention on the role of vitamin D in aging, especially considering the growing number of older individuals.
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Genomic or Non-Genomic? A Question about the Pleiotropic Roles of Vitamin D in Inflammatory-Based Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030767. [PMID: 36771473 PMCID: PMC9920355 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (vit D) is widely known for its role in calcium metabolism and its importance for the bone system. However, various studies have revealed a myriad of extra-skeletal functions, including cell differentiation and proliferation, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties in various cells and tissues. Vit D mediates its function via regulation of gene expression by binding to its receptor (VDR) which is expressed in almost all cells within the body. This review summarizes the pleiotropic effects of vit D, emphasizing its anti-inflammatory effect on different organ systems. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and epigenetic effects of vit D and VDR on the expression of genes pertaining to immunity and anti-inflammation. We speculate that in the context of inflammation, vit D and its receptor VDR might fulfill their roles as gene regulators through not only direct gene regulation but also through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Naik M, Kamath U S, Uppangala S, Adiga SK, Patil A. Vitamin D metabolites and analytical challenges. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:399-410. [PMID: 36628933 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01692c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient for bone health and the general cellular functions of the body. Its insufficiency/deficiency leads to the pathophysiology of disorders like diabetes, cancer, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Clinical interest in Vitamin D metabolites and their role in various medical disorders have contributed to an increase in laboratory demands for vitamin D measurements. For clinical and research laboratories worldwide, analysis of vitamin D and associated metabolites is a significant problem. The best way for determining vitamin D levels is constantly being debated. Various methods such as immunoassays and chromatographic techniques are available for determining vitamin D levels. Additionally, biosensors have recently been considered promising options for routine vitamin D analysis. The existing methods and other developments in the measurement of vitamin D metabolites and associated analytical challenges are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Naik
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), India-576 104.
| | - Saritha Kamath U
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India-576 104
| | - Shubhashree Uppangala
- Division of Reproductive Genetics, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India-576 104
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India-576 104
| | - Ajeetkumar Patil
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), India-576 104.
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Qian Z, Li Y, Guan Z, Guo P, Zheng K, Du Y, Yin S, Chen B, Wang H, Jiang J, Qiu K, Zhang M. Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis from 1990 to 2019: Findings of global burden of disease study 2019. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1073278. [PMID: 36875359 PMCID: PMC9982151 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1073278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global rising prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported during the past decades. However, details regarding the evolution of MS burden have not been fully studied. This study aimed to investigate the global, regional, and national burden and temporal trends in MS incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019 using the age-period-cohort analysis. METHODS We performed a secondary comprehensive analysis of incidence, deaths, and DALYs of MS by calculating the estimated annual percentage change from 1990 to 2019 obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The independent age, period, and birth cohort effects were evaluated by an age-period-cohort model. RESULTS In 2019, there were 59,345 incident MS cases and 22,439 MS deaths worldwide. The global number of incidences, deaths, and DALYs of MS followed an upward trend, whereas the age-standardized rates (ASR) slightly declined from 1990 to 2019. High socio-demographic index (SDI) regions had the highest ASR of incidences, deaths, and DALYs in 2019, while the rate of deaths and DALYs in medium SDI regions are the lowest. Six regions which include high-income North America, Western Europe, Australasia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe had higher ASR of incidences, deaths, and DALYs than other regions in 2019. The age effect showed that the relative risks (RRs) of incidence and DALYs reached the peak at ages 30-39 and 50-59, respectively. The period effect showed that the RRs of deaths and DALYs increased with the period. The cohort effect showed that the later cohort has lower RRs of deaths and DALYs than the early cohort. CONCLUSION The global cases of incidence, deaths, and DALYs of MS have all increased, whereas ASR has declined, with different trends in different regions. High SDI regions such as European countries have a substantial burden of MS. There are significant age effects for incidence, deaths, and DALYs of MS globally, and period effects and cohort effects for deaths and DALYs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuancun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yali Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shengjie Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Binyao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongxi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kunliang Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Kunliang Qiu ✉
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Mingzhi Zhang ✉
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Ren Y, Liu J, Li W, Zheng H, Dai H, Qiu G, Yu D, Yao D, Yin X. Causal Associations between Vitamin D Levels and Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Vitiligo: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:5284. [PMID: 36558443 PMCID: PMC9785064 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D level has been reported to be associated with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo. However, its causal relationship with the risk of these three diseases remains unclear. METHODS We obtained genome-wide association statistics for three measures of circulating vitamin D levels (25(OH)D in 120,618 individuals, and 25(OH)D3 and epimeric form C3-epi-25(OH)D3 in 40,562 individuals) and for the diseases psoriasis (3871 cases and 333,288 controls), atopic dermatitis (21,399 cases and 95,464 controls), and vitiligo (4680 cases and 39,586 controls). We performed Mendelian randomization using inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods. We carried out sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of the results. RESULTS We showed that elevated vitamin D levels protected individuals from developing psoriasis (OR = 0.995, p = 8.84 × 10-4 for 25(OH)D; OR = 0.997, p = 1.81 × 10-3 for 25(OH)D3; and OR = 0.998, p = 0.044 for C3-epi-25(OH)D3). Genetically predicted risk of atopic dermatitis increased the levels of 25(OH)D (OR = 1.040, p = 7.14 × 10-4) and 25(OH)D3 (OR = 1.208, p = 0.048). A sensitivity analysis suggested the robustness of these causal associations. CONCLUSIONS This study reported causal relationships between circulating vitamin D levels and the risk of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo. These findings provide potential disease intervention and monitoring targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Ren
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jipeng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Huatuo Dai
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Guiying Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Dianhe Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Dianyi Yao
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Mazur A, Frączek P, Tabarkiewicz J. Vitamin D as a Nutri-Epigenetic Factor in Autoimmunity-A Review of Current Research and Reports on Vitamin D Deficiency in Autoimmune Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204286. [PMID: 36296970 PMCID: PMC9611618 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a series of alterations regulating gene expression without disrupting the DNA sequence of bases. These regulatory mechanisms can result in embryogenesis, cellular differentiation, X-chromosome inactivation, and DNA-protein interactions. The main epigenetic mechanisms considered to play a major role in both health and disease are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and profiling of non-coding RNA. When the fragile balance between these simultaneously occurring phenomena is disrupted, the risk of pathology increases. Thus, the factors that determine proper epigenetic modeling are defined and those with disruptive influence are sought. Several such factors with proven negative effects have already been described. Diet and nutritional substances have recently been one of the most interesting targets of exploration for epigenetic modeling in disease states, including autoimmunity. The preventive role of proper nutrition and maintaining sufficient vitamin D concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy, as well as in the early years of life, is emphasized. Opportunities are also being investigated for affecting the course of the disease by exploring nutriepigenetics. The authors aim to review the literature presenting vitamin D as one of the important nutrients potentially modeling the course of disease in selected autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Paulina Frączek
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Definition, Assessment, and Management of Vitamin D Inadequacy: Suggestions, Recommendations, and Warnings from the Italian Society for Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Bone Diseases (SIOMMMS). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194148. [PMID: 36235800 PMCID: PMC9573415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, both the prescriptions of serum 25(OH)D levels assay, and vitamin D supplementation are constantly increasing, as well as the costs to be incurred relating to these specific aspects. As in many other countries, the risk of vitamin D deficiency is particularly high in Italy, as recently confirmed by cohort studies in the general population as well as in patients with metabolic bone disorder. Results confirmed the North-South gradient of vitamin D levels described among European countries, despite the wide use of supplements. Although vitamin D supplementation is also recommended by the Italian Medicine Agency for patients at risk for fragility fracture or for initiating osteoporotic medication, the therapeutic gap for osteoporosis in Italy is very high. There is a consistent proportion of osteoporotic patients not receiving specific therapy for osteoporosis following a fragility fracture, with a poor adherence to the recommendations provided by national guidelines and position paper documents. The failure or inadequate supplementation with vitamin D in patients on antiresorptive or anabolic treatment for osteoporosis is thought to further amplify the problem and exposes patients to a high risk of re-fracture and mortality. Therefore, it is important that attention to its possible clinical consequences must be given. Thus, in light of new evidence from the literature, the SIOMMMS board felt the need to revise and update, by a GRADE/PICO system approach, its previous original recommendations about the definition, prevention, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in adults, released in 2011. Several key points have been here addressed, such as the definition of the vitamin D status: normality values and optimal values; who are the subjects considered at risk of hypovitaminosis D; opportunity or not of performing the biochemical assessment of serum 25(OH)D levels in general population and in subjects at risk of hypovitaminosis D; the need or not to evaluate baseline serum 25(OH)D in candidate subjects for pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis; how and whether to supplement vitamin D subjects with hypovitaminosis D or candidates for pharmacological treatment with bone active agents, and the general population; how and whether to supplement vitamin D in chronic kidney disease and/or chronic liver diseases or under treatment with drugs interfering with hepatic metabolism; and finally, if vitamin D may have toxic effects in the subject in need of supplementation.
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29
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Porwal MH, Obeidat AZ. Author response to comment on: Alopecia in multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease modifying therapies. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221127131. [PMID: 36200126 PMCID: PMC9527983 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221127131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mokshal H. Porwal
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ahmed Z. Obeidat
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Lachowicz K, Stachoń M. Determinants of Dietary Vitamin D Intake in Population-Based Cohort Sample of Polish Female Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12184. [PMID: 36231482 PMCID: PMC9564653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has a pleiotropic effect and its deficiency is a risk factor for many diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dietary intake of vitamin D and the factors determining this intake by female post-primary school students in Poland. The study was conducted on a nationwide sample of 4469 female Polish adolescents (aged 14-20) recruited from all regions across Poland. The vitamin D intake was assessed using VIDEO-FFQ (Vitamin D Estimation Only-Food Frequency Questionnaire). The median dietary vitamin D intake was 2.33 μg per day and it was lower than the 15 μg recommended in Poland for more than 98% of the group. The highest vitamin D intake per day was noted for fish (0.52 μg), whereas the lowest was noted for fats (0.04 μg). Factors that influenced the dietary vitamin D intake were the amount and species of fish consumed, region of residence, use of vitamin D supplements, and vegetarian or vegan diets. In contrast, vitamin D intake did not depend on body mass index and age. Based on the results of the survey, it can be concluded that the alarmingly low intake of vitamin D by Polish female adolescents is a result of the limited supply of vitamin D primarily from fish and fish products. This may be due to insufficient nutritional knowledge, indicating an urgent need to educate the surveyed population in this area.
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Mego M, Vlkova B, Minarik G, Cierna Z, Karaba M, Benca J, Sedlackova T, Cholujova D, Gronesova P, Kalavska K, Pindak D, Mardiak J, Celec P. Vitamin D and circulating tumor cells in primary breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:950451. [PMID: 36158648 PMCID: PMC9489852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.950451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) contribute to the metastatic cascade and represent an independent survival predictor in breast cancer (BC) patients. Vitamin D has pleiotropic effects, and its low concentrations are associated with breast cancer and metastasis. The aim of this study was to assess plasma vitamin D in primary BC patients in relation to CTCs. Methods This study included 91 non-metastatic BC patients (stage I–III) and 24 healthy donors. Blood samples for the analyses were drawn at the time of surgery. CTCs were assessed using a quantitative RT-PCR assay for expression of epithelial (CK19) or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes (TWIST1, SNAIL1, SLUG, and ZEB1). Total 25-OH vitamin D was measured in plasma using ELISA. Plasma cytokines and angiogenic factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results CTCs were detected in 30 (33%) patients. Patients with detectable CTCs in peripheral blood had significantly lower vitamin D concentrations in comparison to patients without detectable CTCs ((mean ± SD) 8.50 ± 3.89 µg/L for CTC-positive vs 9.69 ± 3.49 µg/L for CTC-negative patients, p = 0.03). The mean ( ± SD) vitamin D plasma level was 9.3 ± 3.65 µg/L for breast cancer patients compared to 18.6 ± 6.8 for healthy donors (p < 0.000001). There was no association between plasma vitamin D and other patient/tumor characteristics. Plasma vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with plasma TGF-β1, TGF-β2, IL β, IL-5, and eotaxin (all p < 0.05). Patients with vitamin D above the median had a better overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.36, 95% CI 0.16–0.80, p = 0.017), and combined analysis showed the best survival for CTC-negative patients with vitamin D levels above the median as compared to patients with opposite characteristics (HR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.63, p = 0.004). Conclusions Low vitamin D could be a consequence and hence a biomarker of a more invasive disease. Alternatively, vitamin D could be associated with survival because of its role in tumor dissemination. Whether its supplementation affects the metastatic cascade should be tested in animal experiments and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mego
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Michal Mego,
| | - Barbora Vlkova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Minarik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Karaba
- Department of Oncosurgery, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Benca
- Department of Oncosurgery, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Sedlackova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Cholujova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Paulina Gronesova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Pindak
- Department of Oncosurgery, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Oncosurgery, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179784. [PMID: 36077185 PMCID: PMC9456003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates immunologic activities on the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of developing immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Various clinical trials describe the efficacy of supplementation of vitamin D and its metabolites for treating these diseases that result in variable outcomes. Different disease outcomes are observed in treatment with vitamin D as high inter-individual difference is present with complex gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it is still not fully known what level of serum 25(OH)D is needed. The current recommendation is to increase vitamin D intake and have enough sunlight exposure to have serum 25(OH)D at a level of 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and better at 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) to obtain the optimal health benefits of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fa-Kung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Fairfield KM, Murray KA, Anzalone AJ, Beasley W, Khodaverdi M, Hodder SL, Harper J, Santangelo S, Rosen CJ. Association of Vitamin D Prescribing and Clinical Outcomes in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:3073. [PMID: 35893927 PMCID: PMC9332080 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether vitamin D benefits inpatients with COVID-19. Objective: To examine the relationship between vitamin D and COVID-19 outcomes. Design: Cohort study. Setting: National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) database. Patients: 158,835 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and a sub-cohort with severe disease (n = 81,381) hospitalized between 1 January 2020 and 31 July 2021. Methods: We identified vitamin D prescribing using codes for vitamin D and its derivatives. We created a sub-cohort defined as having severe disease as those who required mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), had hospitalization >5 days, or hospitalization ending in death or hospice. Using logistic regression, we adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and urban/rural residence, time period, and study site. Outcomes of interest were death or transfer to hospice, longer length of stay, and mechanical ventilation/ECMO. Results: Patients treated with vitamin D were older, had more comorbidities, and higher BMI compared with patients who did not receive vitamin D. Vitamin D treatment was associated with an increased odds of death or referral for hospice (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.10: 95% CI 1.05−1.14), hospital stay >5 days (AOR 1.78: 95% CI 1.74−1.83), and increased odds of mechanical ventilation/ECMO (AOR 1.49: 95% CI 1.44−1.55). In the sub-cohort of severe COVID-19, vitamin D decreased the odds of death or hospice (AOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86−0.94), but increased the odds of hospital stay longer >5 days (AOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.87−2.21) and mechanical ventilation/ECMO (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12−1.21). Limitations: Our findings could reflect more aggressive treatment due to higher severity. Conclusion: Vitamin D treatment was associated with greater odds of extended hospitalization, mechanical ventilation/ECMO, and death or hospice referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Fairfield
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME 04074, USA; (K.A.M.); (S.S.); (C.J.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Murray
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME 04074, USA; (K.A.M.); (S.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - A. Jerrod Anzalone
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - William Beasley
- Biomedical and Behavioral Methodology Core, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA;
| | - Maryam Khodaverdi
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.K.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Sally L. Hodder
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.K.); (S.L.H.)
| | | | - Susan Santangelo
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME 04074, USA; (K.A.M.); (S.S.); (C.J.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME 04074, USA; (K.A.M.); (S.S.); (C.J.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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