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Liu XZ, Fan J, Pan SJ. METS-IR, a novel simple insulin resistance indexes, is associated with hypertension in normal-weight Chinese adults. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:1075-1081. [PMID: 31282098 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension, so early recognition of IR is of substantial clinical importance for the management of hypertension. But traditional IR indexes are invasive, complex, and impractical. We aimed to evaluate the associations between three simple IR indexes and hypertension in different body mass index (BMI) categories. A total of 142 005 adults who did not take antihypertensive medication were included in this analysis. The ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDLc), the product of fasting triglycerides and glucose (TyG), and metabolic score for IR (METS-IR) were calculated according to the corresponding formulas. The associations between them and hypertension were analyzed by logistic regression. Among the three indicators, only METS-IR had positive correlations with blood pressure levels (all P < 0.001). After full adjustment, METS-IR was significantly associated with hypertension in the normal BMI group but not in the elevated BMI group. The OR for hypertension in the normal BMI group in the highest quartile of METS-IR was 2.884 (95% CI: 2.468-3.369) in the total sample, 1.915 (95% CI: 1.614-2.271) in females and 2.083 (95% CI: 1.717-2.527) in males. Our findings indicate that METS-IR, a simple and cost-effective IR index, was strongly associated with hypertension in normal-weight Chinese subjects. It could help monitor and manage hypertension in normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhen Liu
- Directly Affiliated Convalescence Area, Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium of Chinese Air Force, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- General Management Office, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Jun Pan
- Directly Affiliated Convalescence Area, Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium of Chinese Air Force, Hangzhou, China
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Weng WH, Leung WH, Pang YJ, Kuo LW, Hsu HH. EPA significantly improves anti-EGFR targeted therapy by regulating miR-378 expression in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6188-6194. [PMID: 30333883 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells containing mutations of the genes KRAS and BRAF are predominate mechanisms causing resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, and commonly exhibit a lower expression of microRNA-378 (miR-378) when compared with the wild type. In the present study, the aim was to determine the possible mechanism which associates miR-378 with the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and to determine the efficiency of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA) in its ability to restore sensitivity towards cetuximab, an EGFR inhibitor. The results demonstrated that a combined treatment of 40 µM EPA with 0.2 µM cetuximab can significantly suppress the cell growth in KRAS-mutant and control wild-type cells. Furthermore, the higher phosphorylated protein level of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 was notable in KRAS EPA-treated cells (P=0.006-0.047) and resulted in significantly increased cell death; however, inconsistent results were indicated in EPA-treated BRAF-mutant cells, compared with the original cells (without treatment). KRAS-mutant and wild-type Caco-2 cells treated with EPA exhibited increased cetuximab response rates, but these response rates were reduced in the BRAF-mutant cells. In conclusion, upregulation of miR-378 induced by EPA may result in the significant restoration of sensitivity to cetuximab in the KRAS-mutant cells. The present data will contribute to a notable potential therapeutic solution for future clinical CRC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wai-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yeu Jye Pang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital, Margate CT9 4AN, UK
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Chang LF, Vethakkan SR, Nesaretnam K, Sanders TA, Teng KT. Adverse effects on insulin secretion of replacing saturated fat with refined carbohydrate but not with monounsaturated fat: A randomized controlled trial in centrally obese subjects. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:1431-1441.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Venkatesan P, Tiwari A, Dasgupta R, Carey M, Kehlenbrink S, Wickramanayake A, Jambugulam M, Jeyaseelan L, Ramanathan K, Hawkins M, Thomas N. Surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity when compared to euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp studies in Asian Indian men without diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:287-91. [PMID: 26718937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fasting surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity are increasingly used in research and clinical practice. To assess the reliability of these measures, we aimed to evaluate multiple fasting surrogate measures simultaneously in non-diabetic subjects in comparison with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study. METHODS Sixteen normoglycemic male South Indian subjects were studied. After an overnight fast, blood samples were collected for glucose, insulin and lipid profile measurements, and stepped euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp studies were performed on all subjects. Steady state glucose infusion rates (M value) during low and high insulin phases of the clamp were calculated. Correlation of M value with surrogate markers of insulin sensitivity was performed. Predictive accuracy of surrogate indices was measured in terms of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and leave-one-out cross-validation-type RMSE of prediction using a calibration model. RESULTS M values showed a strong and significant correlation (p<0.01) with the following surrogate markers: Fasting insulin (r=-0.714), Fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR, r=0.747) and Raynaud index (r=0.714). FGIR had a significantly lower RMSE when compared with HOMA-IR and QUICKI. CONCLUSIONS Among the surrogate measures, FGIR had the strongest correlation with M values. FGIR was also the most accurate surrogate measure, as assessed by the calibration model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanaban Venkatesan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Akankasha Tiwari
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Riddhi Dasgupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Michelle Carey
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sylvia Kehlenbrink
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anneka Wickramanayake
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mohan Jambugulam
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Meredith Hawkins
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
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Transport of Free Fatty Acids from Plasma to the Endothelium of Cardiac Muscle: A Theoretical Study. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:783-93. [PMID: 25837993 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids are transported in a multistep process from the plasma to the mitochondria, where they are oxidized in order to meet energy requirements of the myocardium. Some of those steps, mainly the crossing of the involved cells' membranes are far from being understood. Here, by means of mathematical modeling we address the problem of the fatty acid transport from the microvascular compartment to the endothelium. Values of parameters that are incorporated in the model are deduced from relevant experimental work. Concentration profiles are established as solutions of diffusion-reaction equations both numerically and using an analytical asymptotic approximation. The analytical solution accurately determines the fatty acid flux for any set of parameter values in contrast to off-the-shelf numerical solvers that fail under quite a few circumstances due to the stiffness of the differential equation system. Sensitivity analysis indicates that in spite of few uncertain parameter values, most of our conclusions are expected to be valid throughout the physiological range of operation. We find that in order to have an adequate fatty acid uptake rate it is essential for the luminal endothelial membrane to have very fast fatty acid transporters and/or specific sites that interact with the albumin-fatty acids complex.
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Frohnert BI, Jacobs DR, Steinberger J, Moran A, Steffen LM, Sinaiko AR. Relation between serum free fatty acids and adiposity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk factors from adolescence to adulthood. Diabetes 2013; 62:3163-9. [PMID: 23670973 PMCID: PMC3749355 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe longitudinal relations of serum total free fatty acids (FFAs) to insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors from adolescence into adulthood. The cohort included participants in a longitudinal study of obesity and IR with complete data, including anthropometric measures, FFAs, IR measured by euglycemic clamp, blood pressure, fasting serum lipids, and insulin at mean 15 and 22 years of age (n = 207) and their parents (n = 272). FFAs and IR were not significantly related at mean 15 years of age but were significantly related at mean age 22 years. FFA did not relate to BMI at either age. FFA at 15 years of age estimated IR at 22 years of age. In parents (mean age 51 years), FFA was significantly correlated with BMI, percent body fat, systolic blood pressure, LDL, and IR. Associations with all risk factors except IR in parents were attenuated by adjustment for BMI. Most 22 years of age correlations with parents were higher than corresponding 15 years of age correlations. This study finds that FFA is associated with IR starting in young adulthood. The relation between FFA and CV risk factors does not become significant until later adulthood. The results support a significant impact of early metabolic dysfunction on later CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte I Frohnert
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Borai A, Livingstone C, Kaddam I, Ferns G. Selection of the appropriate method for the assessment of insulin resistance. BMC Med Res Methodol 2011; 11:158. [PMID: 22112229 PMCID: PMC3258205 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-11-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the major aggravating factors for metabolic syndrome. There are many methods available for estimation of insulin resistance which range from complex techniques down to simple indices. For all methods of assessing insulin resistance it is essential that their validity and reliability is established before using them as investigations. The reference techniques of hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp and its alternative the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test are the most reliable methods available for estimating insulin resistance. However, many simple methods, from which indices can be derived, have been assessed and validated e.g. homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Given the increasing number of simple indices of IR it may be difficult for clinicians and researchers to select the most appropriate index for their studies. This review therefore provides guidelines and advices which must be considered before proceeding with a study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Borai
- Department of Pathology, King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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