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Walczak-Szeffer A, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Endoplasmic reticulum stress as a target for retinoids in cancer treatment. Life Sci 2024; 352:122892. [PMID: 38971363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, have various regulatory activities including controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and death. Furthermore, they have been used to treat specific cancers with satisfying results. Nevertheless, retinoids have yet to be converted into effective systemic therapies for the majority of tumor types. Regulation of unfolded protein response signaling, and persistent activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress) are promising treatment methods for cancer. The present article reviews the current understanding of how vitamin A and its derivatives may aid to cause ER-stress-activated apoptosis, as well as therapeutic options for exploiting ER-stress for achieving beneficial goal. The therapeutic use of some retinoids discussed in this article was related to decreased disease recurrence and improved therapeutic outcomes via ER-stress activation and promotion, indicating that retinoids may play an important role in cancer treatment and prevention. More research is needed to expand the use of vitamin A derivatives in cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with unfolded protein response inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walczak-Szeffer
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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2
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Yu Y, Zhang C, Sun Q, Baral S, Ding J, Zhao F, Yao Q, Gao S, Liu B, Wang D. Retinol Binding Protein 4 Serves as a Potential Tumor Biomarker and Promotes Malignant Behavior in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:891-908. [PMID: 39072342 PMCID: PMC11283833 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s480337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly phenotypically heterogeneous disease and is caused by a combination of factors. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of a family of lipid transport proteins that are involved in the transport of substances between cells and play a crucial role in a variety of cancers. However, the expression and role of RBP4 in GC remain unknown. Methods In this study, we explored the expression, prognostic significance, immune microenvironment, drug responsiveness and function of associated signaling pathways of RBP4 in GC using web-based bioinformatics tools. Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR were utilized to analyze the tissue and cell expression levels of RBP4. CCK-8, colony formation, EDU incorporation, wound healing and transwell assays were applied to demonstrate the effect of RBP4 on GC cell function. Flow cytometric detection of apoptosis after RBP4 knockdown. Nude mice xenograft model elucidates the role of RBP4 for GC in vivo. Related proteins of the RAS signaling pathway were analyzed by employing Western blot assays. Results RBP4 is highly expressed in GC. RBP4 is closely associated with patient survival and sensitivity to a wide range of antitumor agents. Knockdown of RBP4 promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration. RBP4 promotes GC tumorigenesis in vivo. Finally, RBP4 modulates the RAS/RAF/ERK axis. Conclusion RBP4 may promote gastric carcinogenesis and development through the RAS/RAF/ERK axis and is expected to be a novel target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Yu
- The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenkai Zhang
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shantanu Baral
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyue Ding
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanyu Zhao
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Yao
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Gao
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daorong Wang
- The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Zhang H, Zuo L, Li J, Geng Z, Ge S, Song X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhao T, Deng M, Chai D, Wang Q, Yang Z, Liu Q, Qiu Q, He X, Yang Y, Ge Y, Wu R, Zheng L, Li J, Chen R, Sun J, Hu J. Construction of a fecal immune-related protein-based biomarker panel for colorectal cancer diagnosis: a multicenter study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126217. [PMID: 37313408 PMCID: PMC10258350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore fecal immune-related proteins that can be used for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Patients and methods Three independent cohorts were used in present study. In the discovery cohort, which included 14 CRC patients and 6 healthy controls (HCs), label-free proteomics was applied to identify immune-related proteins in stool that could be used for CRC diagnosis. Exploring potential links between gut microbes and immune-related proteins by 16S rRNA sequencing. The abundance of fecal immune-associated proteins was verified by ELISA in two independent validation cohorts and a biomarker panel was constructed that could be used for CRC diagnosis. The validation cohort I included 192 CRC patients and 151 HCs from 6 different hospitals. The validation cohort II included 141 CRC patients, 82 colorectal adenoma (CRA) patients, and 87 HCs from another hospital. Finally, the expression of biomarkers in cancer tissues was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results In the discovery study, 436 plausible fecal proteins were identified. And among 67 differential fecal proteins (|log2 fold change| > 1, P< 0.01) that could be used for CRC diagnosis, 16 immune-related proteins with diagnostic value were identified. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed a positive correlation between immune-related proteins and the abundance of oncogenic bacteria. In the validation cohort I, a biomarker panel consisting of five fecal immune-related proteins (CAT, LTF, MMP9, RBP4, and SERPINA3) was constructed based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression. The biomarker panel was found to be superior to hemoglobin in the diagnosis of CRC in both validation cohort I and validation cohort II. The IHC result showed that protein expression levels of these five immune-related proteins were significantly higher in CRC tissue than in normal colorectal tissue. Conclusion A novel biomarker panel consisting of fecal immune-related proteins can be used for the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tianhao Zhao
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Damin Chai
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiusheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Quanli Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Quanwei Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xuxu He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yiqun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Runkai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Positive Expression of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Is Related to the Malignant Clinical Features Leading to Poor Prognosis of Glioblastoma. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:5435523. [PMID: 36632438 PMCID: PMC9807312 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5435523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a monomeric-binding protein belonging to the lipocalin protein family, which has been reported to be dysregulated in several malignancies such as breast cancer and lung cancer. However, the expression and function of RBP4 in glioblastoma (GBM) are completely unknown. Materials and Methods TCGA datasets were used for analyzing the mRNA level of RBP4 in GBM and its clinical relevance. A retrospective GBM cohort (n = 73) was enrolled from our hospital to test the protein expression profile of RBP4 in GBM tissues as well as its correlation with patients' prognoses. Two human GBM cell lines, LN229 and U251, were collected to conduct overexpression and knockdown experiments targeting RBP4. The tumor-related effects of RBP4 in GBM were finally evaluated by proliferation and invasion assays. Results Both the higher mRNA level and protein level of RBP4 in GBM tissues were significantly correlated with poorer patients' overall survival. Multivariate analysis identified RBP4 as a novel independent prognostic predictor in GBM patients. Overexpression of RBP4 resulted in enhanced GBM proliferation capacity, which was consistent with clinical findings on the positive correlation between RBP4 level and tumor size. Meanwhile, overexpressing RBP4 promoted GBM cell migration and invasion, while silencing RBP4 led to the opposite results. Conclusions RBP4 overexpression in tumor tissues is correlated with poorer prognosis of GBM patients, which functions by promoting GBM proliferation and invasion, thus, may serve as an invaluable predictive biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Kim N, Priefer R. Retinol binding protein 4 antagonists and protein synthesis inhibitors: Potential for therapeutic development. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113856. [PMID: 34547506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a serum protein that transports Vitamin A. RBP4 is correlated with numerous diseases and metabolic syndromes, including insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and macular degeneration. Recently, RBP4 antagonists and protein synthesis inhibitors are under development to regulate the effect of RBP4. Several RBP4 antagonists, especially BPN-14136, have demonstrated promising safety profiles and potential therapeutic benefits in animal studies. Two RBP4 antagonists, specifically tinlarebant (Belite Bio) and STG-001 (Stargazer) are currently undergoing clinical trials. Some antidiabetic drugs and nutraceuticals have been reported to reduce RBP4 expression, but more clinical data is needed to evaluate their therapeutical benefits. As regulating RBP4 levels or its activities would benefit a wide range of patients, further research is highly recommended to develop clinically useful RBP4 antagonists or protein synthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noheul Kim
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronny Priefer
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Li H, He X, Wen S, Yang L, Chen Q, Li Y, Huang S, Huang X, Wan F, He M. Optimised expression and purification of RBP4 and preparation of anti-RBP4 monoclonal antibody. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:430-442. [PMID: 34889069 PMCID: PMC8804599 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression level of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) protein is closely related to liver damage and plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, the preparation of anti-RBP4 mAb or exploration on the application of anti-RBP4 mAb has not been reported thus far. In the present study, we constructed a pET30a-RBP4 recombinant vector, used E. coli BL21 (DE3) as the vector to express the RBP4 recombinant protein and prepared anti-RBP4 mAb using hybridoma technology. We performed immunohistochemical analysis on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent tissues by using this anti-RBP4 mAb. In addition to the high-purity RBP4 recombinant protein, we successfully developed the anti-RBP4 mAb with high affinity and specificity; it binds to natural RBP4 protein and is suitable for immunohistochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical School, China
| | - Sha Wen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lichao Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yasi Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shiping Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuejing Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fengjie Wan
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Min He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Battista A, Battista RA, Battista F, Iovane G, Landi RE. BH-index: A predictive system based on serum biomarkers and ensemble learning for early colorectal cancer diagnosis in mass screening. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 212:106494. [PMID: 34740064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies among the general population. Artificial Intelligence methodologies based on serum parameters are in continuous development to obtain less expensive tools for highly sensitive diagnoses. This study proposes a predictive system based on serum biomarkers and ensemble learning to predict colorectal cancer presence and the related TNM stage in patients. METHODS We have selected 17 significant plasmatic proteins, i.e., Carcinoembryonic Antigen, CA 19-9, CA 125, CA 50, CA 72-4, Tissue Polypeptide Antigen, C-Reactive Protein, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Transferrin, Ferritin, α-1-Antitrypsin, α-2-Macroglobulin, α-1 Acid Glycoprotein, Complement C4, Complement C3, and Retinol Binding Protein, regarding 345 patients (248 affected by the neoplastic disease). The proposed system consists of two predictors, i.e., binary and staging; the former predicts the presence/absence of cancer, while the latter identifies the related TNM stage (I, II, III, or IV). The experiments were conducted by deploying and comparing Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine, and Multilayer Perceptron with feature selection based on Gini Importance and with dimensionality reduction via PCA. RESULTS The results show that the system composed of XGBoost as binary and staging predictor reaches 91.30% accuracy, 90% sensitivity, and 93.33% specificity for the absence/presence outcome, while 66.66% accuracy for the staging response. With the expansion of the training set in favor of positive patients and majority voting, the system composed of the combination of Support Vector Machine, XGBoost, and Multilayer Perceptron as the binary predictor reaches 98.03% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 92.30% specificity, while the combination of Random Forest, XGBoost, and Multilayer Perceptron as staging predictor achieves 60% accuracy. The final system reaches, in terms of accuracy, 98.03%, and 66.66% for the binary and staging predictors, respectively. It was also found that the biomarkers which contribute most to the binary decision are Ceruloplasmin and α-2-Macroglobulin, while the least significant dimensions are CA 50 and α-1-Antitrypsin; instead, Carcinoembryonic Antigen and α-1 Acid Glycoprotein are the most significant to the staging decision. CONCLUSIONS The present study proves the effectiveness of deploying serum biomarkers as feature dimensions for early colorectal cancer diagnosis and of using majority voting for noise reduction in the prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Battista
- A.O.U. S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, UOC Chir Urg, UOC Laboratorio Analisi, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Federica Battista
- IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Iovane
- Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Riccardo Emanuele Landi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Álvarez-Artime A, García-Soler B, Sainz RM, Mayo JC. Emerging Roles for Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Prostate Cancer Malignant Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5560. [PMID: 34074045 PMCID: PMC8197327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its well-known role as an energy repository, adipose tissue is one of the largest endocrine organs in the organism due to its ability to synthesize and release different bioactive molecules. Two main types of adipose tissue have been described, namely white adipose tissue (WAT) with a classical energy storage function, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with thermogenic activity. The prostate, an exocrine gland present in the reproductive system of most mammals, is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) that contributes to maintaining glandular homeostasis in conjunction with other cell types of the microenvironment. In pathological conditions such as the development and progression of prostate cancer, adipose tissue plays a key role through paracrine and endocrine signaling. In this context, the role of WAT has been thoroughly studied. However, the influence of BAT on prostate tumor development and progression is unclear and has received much less attention. This review tries to bring an update on the role of different factors released by WAT which may participate in the initiation, progression and metastasis, as well as to compile the available information on BAT to discuss and open a new field of knowledge about the possible protective role of BAT in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Álvarez-Artime
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belén García-Soler
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Tsakogiannis D, Kalogera E, Zagouri F, Zografos E, Balalis D, Bletsa G. Determination of FABP4, RBP4 and the MMP-9/NGAL complex in the serum of women with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:85. [PMID: 33376518 PMCID: PMC7751333 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and is the leading cause of cancer-associated death among women, worldwide. The present study aimed to measure the serum levels of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and the MMP-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) complex in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Serum levels of the examined proteins were determined in the peripheral blood of patients via ELISA. Furthermore, whether the concentration of each protein was associated with breast cancer growth, molecular subtype, BMI, postmenopausal status, diabetes and the social background of patients was assessed. Women with invasive breast cancer demonstrated significantly higher levels of FABP4 (P=0.008). Additionally, considerably elevated FABP4 levels were demonstrated specifically in Luminal breast cancer cases (P<0.01). No significant association was recorded between RBP4 and breast cancer development. In addition, significantly lower levels of the MMP-9/NGAL complex were recorded in triple negative/HER-2 cases (P<0.05). BMI values appeared to influence the aforementioned associations, while significantly high serum levels of FABP4 and the MMP-9/NGAL complex were found in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer and a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (P<0.05). In addition, high levels of FABP4 were significantly associated with breast cancer patients with diabetes (P=0.05). However, no association was identified between RBP4, the MMP-9/NGAL complex and diabetes. In conclusion, FABP4 can be regarded as a biomarker of breast cancer growth, while both FABP4 and the MMP-9/NGAL complex may provide considerable information regarding the development of specific breast cancer subtypes. FABP4 and the MMP-9/NGAL complex may also be able to predict the development of breast cancer in postmenopausal patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Kalogera
- Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, Athens 10680, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Dimitris Balalis
- Department of Surgery, Saint Savvas, Anticancer Hospital, Athens 11522, Greece
| | - Garyfalia Bletsa
- Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, Athens 10680, Greece
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Chang ML, Yang Z, Yang SS. Roles of Adipokines in Digestive Diseases: Markers of Inflammation, Metabolic Alteration and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8308. [PMID: 33167521 PMCID: PMC7663948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly dynamic endocrine tissue and constitutes a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network through adipokines, which cause pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. Specifically, digestive cancers grow anatomically near adipose tissue. During their interaction with cancer cells, adipocytes are reprogrammed into cancer-associated adipocytes and secrete adipokines to affect tumor cells. Moreover, the liver is the central metabolic hub. Adipose tissue and the liver cooperatively regulate whole-body energy homeostasis via adipokines. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, is currently considered a global epidemic and is related to low-grade systemic inflammation characterized by altered adipokine regulation. Obesity-related digestive diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyps and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis-related diseases, cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes, might cause specific alterations in adipokine profiles. These patterns and associated bases potentially contribute to the identification of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the associated digestive diseases. This review highlights important findings about altered adipokine profiles relevant to digestive diseases, including hepatic, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and biliary tract diseases, with a perspective on clinical implications and mechanistic explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Zinger Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Sien-Sing Yang
- Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei 10630, Taiwan;
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11
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Hu X, Huang W, Wang F, Dai Y, Hu X, Yue D, Wang S. Serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21254. [PMID: 32756103 PMCID: PMC7402748 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), as an adipokine, has been identified to be associated with several types of cancer. However, no studies have assessed its effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk. The objective of this study was to assess the association between serum RBP4 levels and the risk of NSCLC.A case-control study design was used to recruit 256 confirmed NSCLC cases and 256 age- and gender-matched healthy controls by frequency between August 2017 and January 2019. Serum RBP4 was measured using enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay before treatment. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI).Serum RBP4 level was significantly higher in NSCLC patients than those in the healthy control group (36.05 ± 8.28 vs 29.54 ± 7.71 μg/mL, P < .05). Higher serum RBP4 level was associated with increased risk of NSCLC (P trend = .001). Compare with those in the lowest tertile, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.85 (95% CIs 1.07-3.2) (P = .029) for the second tertile and 2.18 (95% CIs 1.37-3.45) (P = .001) for the highest tertile after adjusting for confounding variables. No interactions were observed after stratified analyses by body mass index and smoking status (P for interaction: .584 and .357).Our study indicated that serum RBP4 level was positively related to the risk of NSCLC. Additional studies with prospective design are required to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaocong Hu
- Department of General ICU, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan
| | - Daoyuan Yue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Accelerates Metastatic Spread and Increases Impairment of Blood Flow in Mouse Mammary Gland Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030623. [PMID: 32156052 PMCID: PMC7139568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is proposed as an adipokine that links obesity and cancer. We analyzed the role of RBP4 in metastasis of breast cancer in patients and in mice bearing metastatic 4T1 and nonmetastatic 67NR mammary gland cancer. We compared the metastatic and angiogenic potential of these cells transduced with Rbp4 (4T1/RBP4 and 67NR/RBP4 cell lines). Higher plasma levels of RBP4 were observed in breast cancer patients with metastatic tumors than in healthy donors and patients with nonmetastatic cancer. Increased levels of RBP4 were observed in plasma, tumor tissue, liver, and abdominal fat. Moreover, the blood vessel network was highly impaired in mice bearing 4T1 as compared to 67NR tumors. RBP4 transductants showed further impairment of blood flow and increased metastatic potential. Exogenous RBP4 increased lung settlement by 67NR and 4T1 cells. In vitro studies showed increased invasive and clonogenic potential of cancer cells treated with or overexpressing RBP4. This effect is not dependent on STAT3 phosphorylation. RBP4 enhances the metastatic potential of breast cancer tumors through a direct effect on cancer cells and through increased endothelial dysfunction and impairment of blood vessels within the tumor.
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Krieg L, Schaffert A, Kern M, Landgraf K, Wabitsch M, Beck-Sickinger AG, Körner A, Blüher M, von Bergen M, Schubert K. An MRM-Based Multiplexed Quantification Assay for Human Adipokines and Apolipoproteins. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040775. [PMID: 32054032 PMCID: PMC7070386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines and apolipoproteins are key regulators and potential biomarkers in obesity and associated diseases and their quantitative assessment is crucial for functional analyses to understand disease mechanisms. Compared to routinely used ELISAs, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based mass spectrometry allows multiplexing and detection of proteins for which antibodies are not available. Thus, we established an MRM method to quantify 9 adipokines and 10 apolipoproteins in human serum. We optimized sample preparation by depleting the two most abundant serum proteins for improved detectability of low abundant proteins. Intra-day and inter-day imprecision were below 16.5%, demonstrating a high accuracy. In 50 serum samples from participants with either normal weight or obesity, we quantified 8 adipokines and 10 apolipoproteins. Significantly different abundances were observed for five adipokines (adipsin, adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, vaspin) and four apolipoproteins (apo-B100/-C2/-C4/-D) between the body mass index (BMI) groups. Additionally, we applied our MRM assay to serum samples from normal weight children and human adipocyte cell culture supernatants to proof the feasibility for large cohort studies and distinct biological matrices. In summary, this multiplexed assay facilitated the investigation of relationships between adipokines or apolipoproteins and phenotypes or clinical parameters in large cohorts, which may contribute to disease prediction approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krieg
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Alexandra Schaffert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 27b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, Eythstraße 24 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 27b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Bakshi S, Schmidt HM, Baskin AE, Croniger CM, Thompson CL, Bonfield T, Fletcher D, Berger NA. Sexual dimorphism in developmental and diet-dependent circulating retinol binding protein 4. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:526-534. [PMID: 30574346 PMCID: PMC6298211 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports vitamin A (Retinol) in the blood and contributes mechanistically to the linkage between obesity, insulin resistance and associated comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery and neoplastic diseases. Circulating RBP4 levels have variably been associated with body mass and gender differences. Many of these differences have been demonstrated after limited dietary interventions, and/or at single unique time points. This study investigated the impact of sex and age as biologic variables as well as high versus low fat diets on development of obesity, RBP4 levels and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed for 400 days with either low or high fat diets. Female mice were also evaluated on same diets after ovariectomy or sham ovariectomy. Mice were monitored for changes in weight, circulating levels RBP4, glucose and insulin at 100-day intervals and also by 2-hour glucose tolerance tests. RESULTS All mice on low or high fat diets gained weight. Mice on high fat diets showed significantly greater weight gain than those on low fat. Male mice showed significantly greater weight gain compared with females on corresponding diet. Male mice compared with females already showed significantly higher RBP4 levels even before starting diets. Sex differences were maintained for more than 1 year. Gender differences in RBP4 were associated with significant differences in development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Male compared with female C57BL/6J mice show significant gender differences in circulating RBP4 levels from 6 weeks of age, extending more than 1 year. Gender differences in RBP4 may be mechanistically associated with protection against glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Targeting RBP4 pathways could be useful to disrupt gender differences in insulin resistance and disparities in comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bakshi
- Departments of Biochemistry, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - H. M. Schmidt
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - A. E. Baskin
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - C. M. Croniger
- Departments of Nutrition, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - C. L. Thompson
- Departments of Nutrition, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - T. Bonfield
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - D. Fletcher
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - N. A. Berger
- Departments of Biochemistry, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
- Departments of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
- Center for Science, Health and SocietyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
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15
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Adipokine RBP4 drives ovarian cancer cell migration. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:29. [PMID: 29642915 PMCID: PMC5896151 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity has been linked to several types of cancers including ovarian cancer. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine that drives the development of hyperinsulinemia and type II diabetes in obesity patients and animals. Previously, we have identified RBP4 as a serum marker for ovarian cancer. Here we further explored the consequence of RBP4 upregulation in ovarian cancer cells and its molecular mechanism. Results Our results show that RBP4 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells to the same extent as in adipose tissues. The overexpression of RBP4 in ovarian cancer cells promotes cancer cell migration and proliferation. At molecular level, cancer progression factors MMP2 and MMP9 are induced in response to RBP4 overexpression. We further investigated which signaling pathways are utilized by RBP4 to activate ovarian cancer cell migration. We found RhoA/Rock1 pathway is turned on and CyclinD1 is upregulated in RBP4 overexpressed cells. Inhibition of RhoA/Rock1 pathway reduces the RBP4-induced MMP2 and MMP9 expression. The RBP4 action is depend on its associated ligand vitamin A/retinol acid (RA) and possibly involves similar pathways as for conferring insulin resistance. Moreover, we show that knockdown of RBP4 significantly reduce cancer cell migration and proliferation as well as expressions of oncogenic factors. Conclusions Our results indicated that RBP4 can drive ovarian cancer cell migration and proliferation via RhoA/Rock1 and ERK pathway. It suggests that RBP4 act as a oncogene in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, RBP4 could be a molecular bridge between obesity and cancers and a potential target for treating obese cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 South Road, workers' Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No.2, people's street, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 South Road, workers' Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 South Road, workers' Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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16
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Fei W, Chen L, Chen J, Shi Q, Zhang L, Liu S, Li L, Zheng L, Hu X. RBP4 and THBS2 are serum biomarkers for diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92254-92264. [PMID: 29190912 PMCID: PMC5696178 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of serum RBP4 and THBS2 as biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis has never been studied. We investigated in large sample using quantitative ELISA method to explore whether serum RBP4 and THBS2 can act as biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. The concentration of RBP4 and THBS2 was measured in 402 CRC patients' serum samples and 218 normal controls' serum samples. The results showed that the average RBP4 and THBS2 concentrations in normal controls were significantly higher than in CRC patients (36.5±11.4μg/mL vs 21.8±8.7μg/mL and 20.5±6.1ng/mL vs 14.5±7.3ng/mL, respectively), both p<0.001. RBP4 distinguished CRC patients from normal individuals with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) performing at 0.852, with sensitivity of 74.9% and specificity of 81.7%. While THBS2 distinguished CRC patients performing AUC at 0.794, with sensitivity of 64.9% and specificity of 87.1%. The ability of RBP4 and THBS2 serum concentration distinguishing CRC from normal controls showed better than that of serum CEA (AUC=0.818) or CA19-9 (AUC=0.650) concentration. This is the first study to report RBP4 and THBS2 as diagnosis serum biomarkers for CRC, which might be a good supplement for CEA or CA19-9 for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Fei
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinglan Shi
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lumin Zhang
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Gene expression meta-analysis in diffuse low-grade glioma and the corresponding histological subtypes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11741. [PMID: 28924174 PMCID: PMC5603565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG) is a well-differentiated, slow-growing tumour with an inherent tendency to progress to high-grade glioma. The potential roles of genetic alterations in DLGG development have not yet been fully delineated. Therefore, the current study performed an integrated gene expression meta-analysis of eight independent, publicly available microarray datasets including 291 DLGGs and 83 non-glioma (NG) samples to identify gene expression signatures associated with DLGG. Using INMEX, 708 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (385 upregulated and 323 downregulated genes) were identified in DLGG compared to NG. Furthermore, 497 DEGs (222 upregulated and 275 downregulated genes) corresponding to two histological types were identified. Of these, high expression of HIP1R significantly correlated with increased overall survival, whereas high expression of TBXAS1 significantly correlated with decreased overall survival. Additionally, network-based meta-analysis identified FN1 and APP as the key hub genes in DLGG compared with NG. PTPN6 and CUL3 were the key hub genes identified in the astrocytoma relative to the oligodendroglioma. Further immunohistochemical validation revealed that MTHFD2 and SPARC were positively expressed in DLGG, whereas RBP4 was positively expressed in NG. These findings reveal potential molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy in patients with DLGG and provide a rich and novel candidate reservoir for future studies.
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18
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RBP4-STRA6 Pathway Drives Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance and Mediates High-Fat Diet-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:438-450. [PMID: 28689994 PMCID: PMC5549806 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein, STRA6, functions as a vitamin A transporter and a cytokine receptor when activated by vitamin A-bound serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4). STRA6 activation transduces a JAK2-STAT3 signaling cascade and promotes tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model of colon cancer. We show here that RBP4 and STRA6 expression is associated with poor oncologic prognosis. Downregulating STRA6 or RBP4 in colon cancer cells decreased the fraction of cancer stem cells and their sphere and tumor initiation frequency. Furthermore, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) increases LGR5 expression and promotes tumor growth in a xenograft model independent of obesity. HFD increased STRA6 levels, and downregulation of STRA6 delays and impairs tumor initiation, tumor growth, and expression of stemness markers. Together, these data demonstrate a key role of STRA6 and RBP4 in the maintenance of colon cancer self-renewal and that this pathway is an important link through which consumption of HFD contributes to colon carcinogenesis.
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Jiao C, Cui L, Ma A, Li N, Si H. Elevated Serum Levels of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Are Associated with Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167498. [PMID: 28002423 PMCID: PMC5176270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a recently identified adipokine that is elevated in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes. A growing body of research has shown that RBP4 is associated with several types of cancer. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between serum RBP4 levels and breast cancer risk. We performed a case-control study to evaluate the association between serum RBP4 levels and the risk of breast cancer. Methods From August 2012 to December 2013, four-hundred subjects including 200 patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer and 200 matched healthy women were consecutively enrolled from Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College. Blood samples were collected from healthy controls and breast cancer patients before commencement of treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the serum RBP4 levels in separated serum samples. Meanwhile, the characteristics of breast cancer cases and controls were collected from medical records and pathological data. Results The serum levels of RBP4 were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than that in the healthy control group (33.77±9.92 vs. 28.77±6.47μg/ml, P < 0.05). Compared to the subjects in the lowest quartile of serum RBP4 level, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) is 2.16(1.01–4.61) and 2.07 (1.07–4.00) for women in the second and highest RBP4 tertile, respectively. For breast cancer patients, patients with PR or ER negative displayed significantly higher serum RBP4 levels than those with PR or ER positive. Conclusion Our results for the first time suggested serum RBP4 levels could be associated with the risk of breast cancer. However, further prospective studies are essential to confirm these observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Jiao
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Aiguo Ma
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongzong Si
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Noy N, Li L, Abola MV, Berger NA. Is retinol binding protein 4 a link between adiposity and cancer? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 23:39-46. [PMID: 26136304 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is synthesized in the liver where it binds vitamin A, retinol, and transports it to tissues throughout the body. It has been shown in some studies that the level of circulating RBP4 increases with body mass, and the protein has been implicated as a mediator in the development of insulin resistance and the metabolic disease. Adipose tissue serves as another site of RBP4 synthesis, accounting for its designation as an adipokine. In addition to its function as a transport protein, RBP4 serves as a signaling molecule which, by binding to the membrane receptor STRA6, triggers downstream activation of pro-oncogenic pathways including JAK2/STAT3/5. Taken together, available information suggests the possibility that RBP4 may be a link between obesity and cancer.
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21
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Baran A, Swiderska M, Flisiak I. The effect of topical treatment and psoriasis severity on serum retinol-binding protein-4 levels. J DERMATOL TREAT 2015; 27:114-9. [PMID: 26293108 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1079300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psoriasis has been considered as chronic systemic disease. Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) might play a role in psoriasis and its comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between serum RBP-4 levels and disease severity, indicators of inflammation or metabolic syndrome and changes after topical treatment in psoriatic patients. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with relapse of plaque-type psoriasis and 16 healthy volunteers were examined. Blood samples were collected before and after 14 days of therapy. Serum RBP-4 concentrations were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for correlation with psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), body mass index (BMI), inflammatory and biochemical markers and with efficacy of topical treatment. RESULTS RBP-4 serum levels were increased in psoriatics compared to the controls, but without statistical significance (p = 0.2). No significant correlations between investigated adipokine and several indicators of metabolic disorders, nor BMI or PASI were found. A significant negative correlation with CRP was noted. After topical treatment serum RBP-4 level did not significantly change (p = 0.3), despite clinical improvement. CONCLUSION RBP-4 might have a protective role in terms of chronic inflammation and comorbidities of psoriasis. The adipokine is presumably not useful in determining severity and the effectiveness of antipsoriatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baran
- a Department of Dermatology and Venereology and
| | - M Swiderska
- b Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - I Flisiak
- a Department of Dermatology and Venereology and
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