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Guo J, Wang H, Zou X, Huang R, Liang Z, Liang S. The challenge of survivors of gynecological carcinomas: a retrospective study on occurrence of second tumors. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:525-533. [PMID: 38709268 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the epidemiologic characteristics and risk of other tumors in survivors of gynecological tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER). RESULTS The morbidity of other malignant tumors in patients with gynecological cancer was 8.07%. The most common subsequent tumors are breast, lung, colorectal, thyroid, and bladder cancers. Taking the incidence rate of the general population as reference, the second tumor with the highest relative risk in patients with cervical cancer is vulvar cancer. Bladder cancer is the second tumor with the highest relative risk value both in patients with corpus and ovarian cancer. The median period from the diagnosis of the initial tumor to the diagnosis of the second tumor was 5 years. Most patients with other tumors following gynecological cancer showed worse prognosis than patients with gynecological tumors only. However, thyroid cancer following ovarian cancer is a protective factor in survival. CONCLUSION Patients with gynecological tumors have a significantly higher risk of malignant tumors in other systems compared to ordinary population. It is necessary to be vigilant against subsequent high-risk tumors and tumors with poor prognosis within 5 years of initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Roujie Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuo Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China.
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2
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Anbarasu S, Anbarasu A. Cancer-biomarkers associated with sex hormone receptors and recent therapeutic advancements: a comprehensive review. Med Oncol 2023; 40:171. [PMID: 37162589 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hormones and its regulation plays vital role in causing breast, prostate, ovarian and endometrial cancers collectively known as hormone-sensitive cancers. This review discusses the various functions of the sex hormones and the biological pathways involved in causing hormone-associated cancer under differential regulation. We have also attempted to explore the biomarkers associated with the cancers and the current therapeutic availability to treat such cancers. Among various sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and androgen, estrogen the female sex hormone and its receptor had a major contribution in causing cancer and hence are considered a predominant target in treating the associated cancers. Other hormones and receptors such a androgen, progesterone, and their respective receptors were also reported to have a significant correlation in causing cancers. Apart from these receptors certain enzymes that act as precursors or as promoters are also targeted for treatment strategies. The drugs commonly used belong to the selective drug classes such as selective estrogen receptor modulators and selective progesterone receptor modulators. In the case of androgen regulation androgen deprivation therapies are practiced. It is also suggested that the use of natural substances to treat cancer could prevent resistance and reduce side effects. Identification of significant targets and the discovery of many efficient drugs shall be possible in the future with better understanding of hormone regulation and its influence on cancer causative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvitha Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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3
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Turabi KS, Deshmukh A, Paul S, Swami D, Siddiqui S, Kumar U, Naikar S, Devarajan S, Basu S, Paul MK, Aich J. Drug repurposing-an emerging strategy in cancer therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1139-1158. [PMID: 35695911 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease affecting millions of people around the world. Despite advances in surgical and radiation therapy, chemotherapy continues to be an important therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. The current treatment is expensive and has several side effects. Also, over time, cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapy, due to which there is a demand for new drugs. Drug repurposing is a novel approach that focuses on finding new applications for the old clinically approved drugs. Current advances in the high-dimensional multiomics landscape, especially proteomics, genomics, and computational omics-data analysis, have facilitated drug repurposing. The drug repurposing approach provides cheaper, effective, and safe drugs with fewer side effects and fastens the process of drug development. The review further delineates each repurposed drug's original indication and mechanism of action in cancer. Along with this, the article also provides insight upon artificial intelligence and its application in drug repurposing. Clinical trials are vital for determining medication safety and effectiveness, and hence the clinical studies for each repurposed medicine in cancer, including their stages, status, and National Clinical Trial (NCT) identification, are reported in this review article. Various emerging evidences imply that repurposing drugs is critical for the faster and more affordable discovery of anti-cancerous drugs, and the advent of artificial intelligence-based computational tools can accelerate the translational cancer-targeting pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Shahab Turabi
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Ankita Deshmukh
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Dayanand Swami
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shafina Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Urwashi Kumar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shreelekha Naikar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shine Devarajan
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Manash K Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jyotirmoi Aich
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India.
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4
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Perrone E, Tudisco R, Pafundi PC, Guido D, Ciucci A, Martinelli E, Zannoni GF, Piermattei A, Spadola S, Ferrante G, Marchetti C, Scambia G, Fagotti A, Gallo D. What’s beyond BRCA Mutational Status in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer? The Impact of Hormone Receptor Expression in a Large BRCA-Profiled Ovarian Cancer Patient Series: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194588. [PMID: 36230510 PMCID: PMC9559459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian hormones are involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. However, few reports have investigated the hormone receptor pattern according to BRCA mutational status. The aim of this single-center, observational, retrospective study was to explore the relationship between hormone receptor status and BRCA1/2 mutation in a cohort of 207 high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients. Interesting differences emerged between BRCA-mutated and BRCA wild-type women, in terms of pattern of receptor expression and its association to the outcome. On the whole, our findings, though needing further validation, extend our understanding of the complex interplay between BRCA1/2 protein and hormone signaling, suggesting new pathways to be exploited in order to develop future personalized therapy. Abstract Several studies have explored the prognostic role of hormone receptor status in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. However, few reports have investigated their expression according to BRCA mutational status. The aim of this single-center, observational, retrospective study was to explore the hormone receptor pattern and its potential prognostic role in a cohort of 207 HGSOC women stratified for BRCA mutational status. To this end, ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2, ERβ5, PR, and AR expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 135 BRCA-wild type (BRCA-wt) and 72 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (BRCA-mut). No significant difference emerged in hormone receptor expression between the two sub-samples, except for a significantly lower ERα expression observed in pre-menopausal BRCA1/2-mut as compared to BRCA-wt patients (p = 0.02). None of the examined hormone receptors has revealed a significant prognostic role in the whole sample, apart from the ratio ERα/ERβ5 nuclear, for which higher values disclosed a positive role on the outcome in BRCA-wt subgroup (HR 0.77; CI 0.61–0.96; p = 0.019). Conversely, it negatively affected overall survival in the presence of BRCA1/2-mut (HR 1.41; CI 1.06–1.87; p = 0.020). Finally, higher PR levels were associated with platinum sensitivity in the whole sample (p = 0.019). Our data, though needing further validation, suggest a potential role of oestrogen-mediated pathways in BRCA1/2-associated HGSOC tumorigenesis, thus revealing a possible therapeutic potential for targeting this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Perrone
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tudisco
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Facility Core Research, Gemelli Science and Technology Park, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Guido
- Bioinformatics Facility Core Research, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP) Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciucci
- Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Translational Medicine for Woman and Child Health, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Martinelli
- Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Translational Medicine for Woman and Child Health, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Zannoni
- Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Gynecopathology and Breast Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Piermattei
- Gynecopathology and Breast Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Saveria Spadola
- Gynecopathology and Breast Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrante
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marchetti
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Translational Medicine for Woman and Child Health, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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5
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Nash R, Johnson CE, Harris HR, Peres LC, Joslin CE, Bethea TN, Bandera EV, Ochs-Balcom HM, Myers ER, Guertin KA, Camacho F, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Moorman PG, Setiawan VW, Rosenberg L, Schildkraut JM, Wu AH. Race Differences in the Associations between Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1610-1620. [PMID: 35654411 PMCID: PMC9711941 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstrual cycle characteristics-including age at menarche and cycle length- have been associated with ovarian cancer risk in White women. However, the associations between menstrual cycle characteristics and ovarian cancer risk among Black women have been sparsely studied. METHODS Using the Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry (OCWAA) Consortium that includes 1,024 Black and 2,910 White women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 2,325 Black and 7,549 White matched controls, we investigated associations between menstrual cycle characteristics (age at menarche, age at menstrual regularity, cycle length, and ever missing three periods) and EOC risk by race and menopausal status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Black women were more likely to be <11 years at menarche than White women (controls: 9.9% vs. 6.0%). Compared with ≥15 years at menarche, <11 years was associated with increased EOC risk for White (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.99-1.57) but not Black women (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.80-1.55). Among White women only, the association was greater for premenopausal (OR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.31-3.68) than postmenopausal women (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.82-1.38). Irregular cycle length was inversely associated with risk for White (OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.99) but not Black women (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.68-1.66). CONCLUSIONS Earlier age at menarche and cycle irregularity are associated with increased EOC risk for White but not Black women. IMPACT Associations between menstrual cycle characteristics and EOC risk were not uniform by race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Courtney E Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Holly R. Harris
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Lauren C. Peres
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Charlotte E Joslin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Chicago, IL
| | - Traci N. Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Campus, Washington, DC
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Heather M. Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Evan R. Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Kristin A Guertin
- Department of Population Health and Prevention Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Fabian Camacho
- Department of Population Health and Prevention Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Patricia G. Moorman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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6
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Zidi S, Stayoussef M, Sontini FK, Mezlini A, Yacoubi-Loueslati B, Almawi WY. Decreased risk of ovarian cancer associated with rs9898876 sex hormone-binding globulin gene variant. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4537-4544. [PMID: 35277784 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecologic cancers,with significant morbidity and mortality. The risk of OC is influenced by hormone status, of which sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which influences the serum availability of steroid sex hormones, is implicated in the pathogenesis and evolution of OC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the involvement of common SHBG gene variants in OC susceptibility and evolution. MATERIALS A case control study including 71 OC patients and 74 cancer-free controls, who were genotyped for rs9898876, rs13894, rs1799941 and rs6257 SHBG SNP. Genotyping was done by the allelic discrimination method, using VIC- and FAM-labeled primers. RESULTS The minor allele frequencies of rs9898876, rs13894, rs1799941 and rs6257 SHBG SNP was comparable between OC cases and control women, implying no significant associations of the tested variants and overall OC risk. Taking homozygous wild-type genotype as reference (OR = 1.00), heterozygous rs9898876 (G/T), and minor allele-carrying genotypes [G/T + T/T] were associated with reduced risk of OC. While rs9898876 heterozygosity (G/T) was predictive of OC occurrence, no significant association of the remaining three tested SNPs was noted with altered risk of OC. Irrespective of FIGO staging, the four tested SHBG SNPs were not associated with the clinical progression of OC. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SHBG rs9898876 is associated with a decreased risk of OC, and thus constitutes a potential diagnostic biomarker of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Zidi
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Stayoussef
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Amel Mezlini
- Salah Azaiez Institute of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Z05K4F4, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
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7
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Fukuda N, Ogiwara M, Nakata S, Hanihara M, Kawataki T, Kawai M, Nobusawa S, Yokoo H, Kinouchi H. An Adult Case of Sellar Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Presenting with Lung Metastasis, Harboring a Compound Heterozygous Mutation in INI1. NMC Case Rep J 2022; 8:267-274. [PMID: 35079474 PMCID: PMC8769414 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2020-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are highly malignant embryonal tumors in children that are associated with inactivation of the integrase interactor 1 (INI1) gene. Several adult cases of AT/RT have been reported, which were characterized by the sellar occurrence and predominantly occurred in females with INI1 mutation variants. However, clinical and genetic features are poorly understood in this unusual entity. We experienced a case of a 45-year-old female with sellar AT/RT presenting diplopia, who underwent subtotal removal of the tumor by the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Pathological diagnosis was AT/RT with INI1 inactivation on immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, multiple lung metastases were confirmed on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Although she received postoperative chemoradiotherapy, she died of cerebrospinal fluid dissemination. Autopsy revealed cerebrospinal dissemination and lung metastasis of AT/RT. Biallelic alterations in the INI1 gene were identified by direct sequencing, harboring on different alleles (compound heterozygous mutations) was observed, which is the potential genetic pattern in adult AT/RT. Literature review indicated that lung metastasis frequently occurs in sellar AT/RTs, which is accompanied by cavernous sinus invasion. These observations suggested that cavernous sinus invasion causes haematogenous metastasis to the lung in sellar AT/RT. We discuss clinical and pathological features in adult sellar AT/RT to improve understanding of this unique entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norito Fukuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ogiwara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mitsuto Hanihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawataki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masataka Kawai
- Department of Human Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kinouchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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8
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Androgen/Androgen Receptor Signaling in Ovarian Cancer: Molecular Regulation and Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147748. [PMID: 34299364 PMCID: PMC8304547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) arises from three cellular origins, namely surface epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. More than 85% of OVCAs are EOCs (epithelial ovarian carcinomas), which are the most lethal gynecological malignancies. Cancer stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) are considered to be cancer promoters due to their capacity for unlimited self-renewal and drug resistance. Androgen receptor (AR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and can be activated through binding to its ligand androgens. Studies have reported an association between AR expression and EOC carcinogenesis, and AR is suggested to be involved in proliferation, migration/invasion, and stemness. In addition, alternative AR activating signals, including both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent, are involved in OVCA progression. Although some clinical trials have previously been conducted to evaluate the effects of anti-androgens in EOC, no significant results have been reported. In contrast, experimental studies evaluating the effects of anti-androgen or anti-AR reagents in AR-expressing EOC models have demonstrated positive results for suppressing disease progression. Since AR is involved in complex signaling pathways and may be expressed at various levels in OVCA, the aim of this article was to provide an overview of current studies and perspectives regarding the relevance of androgen/AR roles in OVCA.
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9
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Saini S, Bhat RA, Waiz HA, Waiz SA. A study on steroidogenic elaborations of stroma and their regulation in response to ovarian hormones in goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 228:106748. [PMID: 33845412 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stromal tissue is an essential componenlt of the ovary not only for providing structural support but also for contributing to the early follicular growth with their bi-directional paracrine signaling. Estradiol is a major female hormone mainly secreted by the follicular cells in the ovary. To examine the relationship between 17β-estradiol and the factors involved in androgen production in stromal cells, ovarian stromal cells were cultured in the graded concentrations (50 and 100 ng/mL) of 17β-estradiol for varying time periods (24 and 48 h). The cells were processed for transmission electron microscopy to study the changes in steroidogenic functions of the cells. The effect of estradiol treatment was also evaluated on the quantity of androgen production and abundance of steroidogenic enzymes and proteins. The results indicated 17β-estradiol increased androgen production in ovarian stromal cells. In addition to enhanced androstenedione and testosterone production, estradiol stimulation was also based on the marked increase in abundance of mRNA transcript of steroidogenic enzymes [Star (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein), Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, and hsd3b1 (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase)], as well as abundances of StAR and CYP11A1 protein. Thus, 17β-estradiol enhanced steroidogenesis in ovarian stromal cells. This study provided a basis for further exploration of regulation of steroidogenesis in ovarian stromal cells and the feedback mechanisms in association with estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Saini
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Rayees Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
| | - Hina Ashraf Waiz
- Assistant Professor Livestock Production and Management CVAS, Navania, Udaipur, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bikaner, India
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10
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Şoica C, Voicu M, Ghiulai R, Dehelean C, Racoviceanu R, Trandafirescu C, Roșca OJ, Nistor G, Mioc M, Mioc A. Natural Compounds in Sex Hormone-Dependent Cancers: The Role of Triterpenes as Therapeutic Agents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:612396. [PMID: 33552000 PMCID: PMC7859451 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.612396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone-dependent cancers currently contribute to the high number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The study and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of these tumors was a double-edged sword, leading to the expansion and development of new treatment options, with the cost of triggering more aggressive, therapy resistant relapses. The interaction of androgen, estrogen and progesterone hormones with specific receptors (AR, ER, PR) has emerged as a key player in the development and progression of breast, ovarian, prostate and endometrium cancers. Sex hormone-dependent cancers share a common and rather unique carcinogenesis mechanism involving the active role of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones to maintain high mitotic rates and increased cell proliferation thus increasing the probability of aberrant gene occurrence and accumulation highly correlated with abnormal cell division and the occurrence of malignant phenotypes. Cancer related hormone therapy has evolved, currently being associated with the blockade of other signaling pathways often associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression in cancers, with promising results. However, despite the established developments, there are still several shortcomings to be addressed. Triterpenes are natural occurring secondary metabolites biosynthesized by various pathways starting from squalene cyclization. Due to their versatile therapeutic potential, including the extensively researched antiproliferative effect, these compounds are most definitely a cornerstone in the research and development of new natural/semisynthetic anticancer therapies. The present work thoroughly describes the ongoing research related to the antitumor activity of triterpenes in sex hormone-dependent cancers. Also, the current review highlights both the biological activity of various triterpenoid compounds and their featured mechanisms of action correlated with important chemical structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codruţa Şoica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Voicu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana-Janina Roșca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pius Brinzeu Timisoara City Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriela Nistor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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11
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Lee E, Lokman NA, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C, Grutzner F. A Comprehensive Molecular and Clinical Analysis of the piRNA Pathway Genes in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010004. [PMID: 33374923 PMCID: PMC7792616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers, its development and progression remain poorly understood. The piRNA pathway is important for transposon defense and genome stability. piRNA maturation and function involve a number of genes known as the piRNA pathway genes. These genes have recently been implicated in cancer development and progression but information about their role in OC is limited. Our work aimed to provide a better understanding of the roles of piRNA pathway genes in OC. Through analyzing changes in the abundance of 10 piRNA pathway genes, we discovered gene expression differences in benign vs. cancer, chemosensitive vs. chemoresistant and post hormone treatment in OC samples and cells. Furthermore, we observed the differential effects of these genes on patient survival and OC cell invasion. Overall, this work supports a role of the piRNA pathway genes in OC progression and encourages further study of their clinical relevance. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, yet molecular mechanisms underlying its origin and progression remain poorly understood. With increasing reports of piRNA pathway deregulation in various cancers, we aimed to better understand its role in OC through a comprehensive analysis of key genes: PIWIL1-4, DDX4, HENMT1, MAEL, PLD6, TDRD1,9 and mutants of PIWIL1 (P1∆17) and PIWIL2 (PL2L60). High-throughput qRT-PCR (n = 45) and CSIOVDB (n = 3431) showed differential gene expression when comparing benign ovarian tumors, low grade OC and high grade serous OC (HGSOC). Significant correlation of disparate piRNA pathway gene expression levels with better progression free, post-progression free and overall survival suggests a complex role of this pathway in OC. We discovered PIWIL3 expression in chemosensitive but not chemoresistant primary HGSOC cells, providing a potential target against chemoresistant disease. As a first, we revealed that follicle stimulating hormone increased PIWIL2 expression in OV-90 cells. PIWIL1, P1∆17, PIWIL2, PL2L60 and MAEL overexpression in vitro and in vivo decreased motility and invasion of OVCAR-3 and OV-90 cells. Interestingly, P1∆17 and PL2L60, induced increased motility and invasion compared to PIWIL1 and PIWIL2. Our results in HGSOC highlight the intricate role piRNA pathway genes play in the development of malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Lee
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Noor A. Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.L.); (M.K.O.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.L.); (M.K.O.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.L.); (M.K.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (F.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8313-8255 (C.R.); +61-8-8313-4812 (F.G.)
| | - Frank Grutzner
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (F.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8313-8255 (C.R.); +61-8-8313-4812 (F.G.)
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12
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Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by activating sphingosine kinase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13834. [PMID: 32796926 PMCID: PMC7428003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, until now, knowledge relating to FSH-driven signalling pathways that lead to the growth of EOC remained incomplete. We sought to explore whether sphingosine kinase (SphK) could mediate FSH-induced ovarian cancer cell proliferation and which pathway might be involved in this process. The expression of phospho-SphK1 and phospho-SphK2 was detected in sections of EOC tissues by Immunohistochemical staining, and clinical significances were analyzed by statistical analysis. EOC cells were treated with FSH or/and SKI-II. CCK8 assays and colony formation assays were used to investigate cell proliferation. Western blot was carried out to detect protein expression in EOC cell line after treated with FSH. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence that high expression levels of phospho-SphK1 and phospho-SphK2 were both prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) in EOC. Additionally, the expression levels of both phospho-SphK1 and phospho-SphK2 were closely correlated with the expression level of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in ovarian cancer tissues. FSH stimulated the phosphorylation of both SphK1 and SphK2 and was able to regulate the survival and growth of ovarian cancer cells by activating SphK1 and SphK2 through ERK1/2. Both isoenzymes of SphK were equally responsible for FSH-induced cell proliferation of EOC. Both Erk1/2 and Akt activation play important roles in mediating FSH-induced cell proliferation after phosphorylation of SphK. Moreover, our data demonstrated that S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) and S1PR3, key components of the SphK signalling system, were involved in FSH-mediated proliferation of EOC. Taken together, the results of the current study revealed that SphK is an essential mediator in FSH-induced proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in EOC, which indicates a new signalling pathway that controls FSH-mediated growth in EOC and suggests a new strategy that pharmaceutically targets both isoenzymes of SphK for the management of ovarian cancer.
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13
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Garrido MP, Bruneau N, Vega M, Selman A, Tapia JC, Romero C. Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes nerve growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in epithelial ovarian cells. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:961-971. [PMID: 32369181 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the first cause of death for gynecological malignances in developed countries and around 80% correspond to Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). Overexpression of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and its high affinity receptor TRKA are involved in EOC progression, modulating several oncogenic processes such as angiogenesis by the increase of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). FSH receptors (FSH-R) are present in EOC, but their changes and contribution during EOC progression are still not thoroughly known. The aims of this study were to evaluate the abundance of FSH receptors during EOC differentiation and to determine whether FSH modulates oncoproteins such as NGF and VEGF in ovarian cells. FSH-R expression in EOC tissues and cell lines (A2780, poorly differentiated EOC cells and HOSE, non-tumoral ovarian surface epithelial cells) were measured by RT-PCR and laser capture of epithelial cells from EOC samples by qPCR. FSH-R protein levels were evaluated by immunohisto/cytochemistry. Additionally, ovarian explants and ovarian cell lines were stimulated with FSH and/or FSH-R inhibitor to assess NGF and VEGF mRNA and protein levels. The results showed that FSH-R levels decreased during EOC progression, nevertheless these receptors are still present in poorly differentiated EOC. FSH increased NGF expression in ovarian cells, which was prevented using a FSH-R inhibitor. Similarly, in ovarian cancer explants, FSH increased NGF and VEGF mRNA, as well as NGF protein levels. These results suggest that FSH would display a key role not only in initial stages of EOC, but also in late stages of this disease, by modulation of NGF and VEGF levels in EOC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza P Garrido
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Bruneau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita Vega
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Selman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,National Institute of Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio C Tapia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Tae IH, Son JY, Lee SH, Ahn MY, Yoon K, Yoon S, Moon HR, Kim HS. A new SIRT1 inhibitor, MHY2245, induces autophagy and inhibits energy metabolism via PKM2/mTOR pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1901-1916. [PMID: 32398958 PMCID: PMC7211172 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.44343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological cancer that is found worldwide. Class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, a new class of anticancer agents, induce autophagy in various human cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor activity of MHY2245, a new synthetic SIRT inhibitor, on human ovarian cancer cells. We found that MHY2245 exhibited potent cytotoxicity to SKOV3 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of MHY2245 (IC50=0.32 µM) was higher than that of doxorubicin (DOX, IC50=1.38µM) against SKOV3 cells. MHY2245 significantly inhibited SIRT1 enzyme activity, reduced the expression of SIRT1, increased cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and induced apoptotic cell death in SKOV3 cells via expression of cytochrome c, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. This might be associated with blocking of the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)/mTOR pathway. MHY2245 also inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor size when SKOV3 cells were transplanted into nude mice. Our results indicate that MHY2245 exerts antitumor activity against ovarian cancer cells by blocking the PKM2/mTOR pathway. We suggest that MHY2245 is a promising anticancer agent that disrupts ovarian cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hwan Tae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Son
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Ahn
- Major in Pharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Bio-industry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsil Yoon
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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15
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Soave I, Occhiali T, Assorgi C, Marci R, Caserta D. Environmental toxin exposure in polycystic ovary syndrome women and possible ovarian neoplastic repercussion. Curr Med Res Opin 2020; 36:693-703. [PMID: 32046531 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1729108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Over the last two decades, increasing attention has been paid to environmental toxins and their effects on the female reproductive system. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances or mixtures that can mimic the action of steroid hormones and interfere with their metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are proinflammatory molecules that can interact with cell surface receptors and mediate the triggering of proinflammatory pathways and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to explore the effects of environmental toxin exposure in the pathogenesis of both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and OC (ovarian cancer), considered separately, and also to evaluate possible neoplastic ovarian repercussion after exposure in patients diagnosed with PCOS.Materials and methods: We searched PubMed for articles published in the English language with the use of the following MeSH search terms: "polycystic ovary syndrome" and "ovarian cancer" combined with "endocrine disruptors". Titles and abstracts were examined and full articles that met the selection criteria were retrieved. A manual search of review articles and cross-references completed the search.Results: Extensive data from different studies collected in recent years concerning the effects of EDC/AGE exposure have confirmed their role in the pathophysiology of both PCOS and OC. They favor PCOS/OC development through different mechanisms that finally lead to hormonal and metabolic disruption and epigenetic modifications.Conclusions: Environmental toxin exposure in PCOS women could favor neoplastic transformation by exacerbating and potentiating some PCOS features. Further research, although difficult, is needed in order to prevent further diffusion of these substances in the environment, or at least to provide adequate information to the population considered at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Soave
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Occhiali
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Assorgi
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Marci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Donatella Caserta
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Galon J, Bruni D. Tumor Immunology and Tumor Evolution: Intertwined Histories. Immunity 2020; 52:55-81. [PMID: 31940273 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease whose outcome depends largely on the cross-talk between the tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we review the evolution of the field of tumor immunology and the advances, in lockstep, of our understanding of cancer as a disease. We discuss the involvement of different immune cells at distinct stages of tumor progression and how immune contexture determinants shaping tumor development are being exploited therapeutically. Current clinical stratification schemes focus on the tumor histopathology and the molecular characteristics of the tumor cell. We argue for the importance of revising these stratification systems to include immune parameters so as to address the immediate need for improved prognostic and/or predictive information to guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Daniela Bruni
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
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17
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Figueroa V, Rodríguez MS, Lanari C, Lamb CA. Nuclear action of FGF members in endocrine-related tissues and cancer: Interplay with steroid receptor pathways. Steroids 2019; 152:108492. [PMID: 31513818 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the fibroblast growth factors/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) pathway has been implicated in a wide range of human disorders and several members have been localized in the nuclear compartment. Hormone-activated steroid receptors or ligand independent activated receptors form nuclear complexes that activate gene transcription. This review aims to highlight the interplay between the steroid receptor and the FGF/FGFR pathways and focuses on the current knowledge on nuclear action of FGF members in endocrine-related tissues and cancer. The nuclear trafficking and targets of FGF/FGFR members and the available evidence on the interplay with steroid hormones and receptors is described. Finally, the data on aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling is summarized and the nuclear action of FGF members on endocrine resistant breast cancer is highlighted. Identifying the mechanisms underlying FGF-induced endocrine resistance will be important to understand how to efficiently target endocrine-related diseases and even enhance or restore endocrine sensitivity in hormone receptor positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - María Sol Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Caroline Ana Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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18
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Cancer of Reproductive System: Receptors and Targeting Strategies. TARGETED INTRACELLULAR DRUG DELIVERY BY RECEPTOR MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7122620 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29168-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis in the different organs of the reproductive system, particularly, prostate, ovarian, and cervical tissues, involves aberrant expression of various physiological receptors belonging to different superfamilies. This chapter provides insights into the physiological receptors that are associated with the genesis, progression, metastasis, management, as well as the prognosis of the cancers of the male and female reproductive systems. It also highlights the structural and binding characteristics of the highly predominant receptors, namely, androgen, estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors, which are overexpressed in these cancers and discusses various strategies to target them.
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Parsons TK, Pratt RN, Tang L, Wu Y. An active and selective molecular mechanism mediating the uptake of sex steroids by prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 477:121-131. [PMID: 29928927 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones play important roles in normal physiological functions and diseases. Sex steroids hormones are important in the biology and treatment of sex hormone-related cancer such as prostate cancer and breast cancer. Cells may take up steroids using multiple mechanisms. The conventionally accepted hypothesis that steroids cross cell membrane through passive diffusion has not been tested rigorously. Experimental data suggested that cells may take up sex steroid using an active uptake mechanism. 3H-testosterone uptake by prostate cancer cells showed typical transporter-mediated uptake kinetic. Cells retained testosterone taken up from the medium. The uptake of testosterone was selective for certain steroid hormones but not others. Data also indicated that the active and selective uptake mechanism resided in cholesterol-rich membrane domains, and may involve ATP and membrane transporters. In summary, the present study provided strong evidence to support the existence of an active and selective molecular mechanism for sex steroid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd K Parsons
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Rachel N Pratt
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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20
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Caglayan A, Katlan DC, Tuncer ZS, Yuce K, Sayal HB, Kocer-Gumusel B. Assessment of oxidant-antioxidant status alterations with tumor biomarkers and reproductive system hormones in uterine MYOMAS. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 229:1-7. [PMID: 30096463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uterine myomas (UM) are responsible for significant morbidity and have adverse effects on quality of life in women. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes (AOE), as well as sex steroids play important roles in the reproductive physiology processes. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of oxidant-antioxidant status in UM by measuring the AOE activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. This is the first study assessing these parameters together in UM based on also menopausal status and evaluating possible correlations between AOE activities, LPO markers, tumor biomarkers, female reproductive system hormone levels, comprehensively. STUDY DESIGN The study group consisted of patients who have undergone surgical resection with confirmed pathology of uterine myoma (UM, n = 25) and divided into subgroups; premenopausal (UMpre) and postmenopausal (UMpost). Erythrocyte copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activities were measured along with plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α) levels in patients with UM. The obtained data were compared to the data of healthy individuals (C, n = 25) and its subgroups; premenopausal (Cpre) and postmenopausal (Cpost). RESULTS All AOE activities were higher (∼40% for Cu,Zn-SOD, p = 0.003; ∼55% for CAT, p = 0.001; ∼15% for GPx1, p = 0.169) and the LPO levels were lower (∼60% for MDA, p = 0.011 and ∼45% for 8-epi-PGF2α, p = 0.055) in patients with UM vs control. Approximately similar alterations were observed in UMpre vs Cpre and in UMpost vs Cpost. A significant negative correlation between erythrocyte Cu,Zn-SOD activity and plasma MDA levels (r = -0.431, p = 0.005) was reported. CONCLUSION Decreased LPO levels might be the consequence of compensator high antioxidant enzyme activities against mild oxidative stress in the circulation of patients with UM. The marked negative correlation between erythrocyte Cu,Zn-SOD activity and plasma MDA levels also supported this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Caglayan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Doruk Cevdi Katlan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara 06100, Turkey; Suleymaniye Research and Education Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, 34116, Turkey.
| | - Zafer Selcuk Tuncer
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Kunter Yuce
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Berkan Sayal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara 06100, Turkey; Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Malatya Research and Education Hospital, Malatya, 44090,Turkey.
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara 06100, Turkey; Lokman Hekim University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Verdoodt F, Dehlendorff C, Friis S, Kjaer SK. Non-aspirin NSAID use and ovarian cancer mortality. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:331-337. [PMID: 29960709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical studies suggest that non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may improve survival of ovarian cancer. We examined the association between non-aspirin NSAID use and ovarian cancer mortality. METHODS All women in Denmark with a first diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer between 2000 and 2012 were identified. We obtained information on drug use, mortality outcomes, and potential confounding factors from nationwide registries. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between postdiagnosis non-aspirin NSAID use (≥1 prescription) and ovarian cancer-specific or other-cause mortality compared with non-use (no prescriptions). The influence of competing risks was evaluated using the sub-distribution hazards model proposed by Fine and Gray. RESULTS Among 4117 patients, any postdiagnosis use of non-aspirin NSAIDs was not associated with either ovarian cancer (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.87-1.08) or other-cause (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.77-1.27) mortality, however, inverse associations for ovarian cancer mortality were observed with high cumulative (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60-0.94) or high-intensity (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.72-1.03) postdiagnosis use of non-aspirin NSAIDs. The associations differed substantially with histological subtype of ovarian cancer, with only inverse associations observed for serous ovarian cancer (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77-0.99). Among a smaller number of patients with a non-serous tumor, postdiagnosis non-aspirin NSAID use was associated with increased ovarian cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS Any postdiagnosis use of non-aspirin NSAIDs did not influence ovarian cancer mortality overall, however, more intensive use was associated with improved survival of serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freija Verdoodt
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Friis
- Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Marlicz W, Poniewierska-Baran A, Rzeszotek S, Bartoszewski R, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Starzyńska T, Ratajczak MZ. A novel potential role of pituitary gonadotropins in the pathogenesis of human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189337. [PMID: 29494614 PMCID: PMC5832186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death in the western world, and its incidence increases with patient age. It is also known that with age there occur changes in the levels of certain hormones, including an increase in the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins (PtGs) as a result of the loss of gonadal hormone feedback. We recently reported that functional PtG receptors are expressed in human lung cancer cells, rhabdomyosarcoma cells, and malignant hematopoietic stem cells. Findings Here we report for the first time that the receptors for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are expressed in primary tumor samples isolated from CRC patients as well as in the established human CRC cell lines HTC116 and HTB37. Moreover, we also report that PtGs stimulate chemotaxis, adhesion, and proliferation of these cell lines. Conclusions Our results suggest that PtGs play an important and underappreciated role in CRC pathogenesis, and we call for further studies to better define their role in gastrointestinal malignancies and their direct effect on putative CRC cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail: (WM); (AP)
| | - Agata Poniewierska-Baran
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail: (WM); (AP)
| | - Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Starzyńska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States of America
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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Bajwa P, Nagendra PB, Nielsen S, Sahoo SS, Bielanowicz A, Lombard JM, Wilkinson JE, Miller RA, Tanwar PS. Age related increase in mTOR activity contributes to the pathological changes in ovarian surface epithelium. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19214-27. [PMID: 27036037 PMCID: PMC4991377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a disease of older women. However, the molecular mechanisms of ovarian aging and their contribution to the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer are currently unclear. mTOR signalling is a major regulator of aging as suppression of this pathway extends lifespan in model organisms. Overactive mTOR signalling is present in up to 80% of ovarian cancer samples and is associated with poor prognosis. This study examined the role of mTOR signalling in age-associated changes in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Histological examination of ovaries from both aged mice and women revealed OSE cell hyperplasia, papillary growth and inclusion cysts. These pathological lesions expressed bonafide markers of ovarian cancer precursor lesions, Pax8 and Stathmin 1, and were presented with elevated mTOR signalling. To understand whether overactive mTOR signalling is responsible for the development of these pathological changes, we analysed ovaries of the Pten trangenic mice and found significant reduction in OSE lesions compared to controls. Furthermore, pharmacological suppression of mTOR signalling significantly decreased OSE hyperplasia in aged mice. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors reduced human ovarian cancer cell viability, proliferation and colony forming ability. Collectively, we have established the role of mTOR signalling in age-related OSE pathologies and initiation of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Bajwa
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prathima B Nagendra
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Subhransu S Sahoo
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Bielanowicz
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janine M Lombard
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of Gynaecology Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Erby Wilkinson
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Xu CH, He ZH, Xu H. Association of four genetic polymorphisms in the vascular endothelial growth factor-A gene and development of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73063-73078. [PMID: 29069849 PMCID: PMC5641192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study meta-analyzed the literature on possible association of four polymorphisms (+936C/T, −460C/T, −2578C/A and −1154G/A) in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A gene with risk of ovarian cancer. Meta-analysis of 7 case-control studies involving +936C/T, 4 studies involving −460C/T, 4 studies involving −2578C/A and 2 studies involving −1154G/A showed significant association between −460C/T and ovarian cancer risk. This risk was observed in the total population (allelic model, OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.26–2.59, P = 0.001; recessive model, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.13–2.98, P = 0.01; dominant model, OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.39–0.67, P < 0.001; homozygous model, OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.72–3.56, P < 0.001; heterozygous model, OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.26–2.21, P < 0.001) and in the subgroup of Asian study participants. The CA genotype at −2578C/A was a risk factor in the total population, while the CT genotype at +936C/T was a protective factor in Caucasians. None of the five genetic models suggested a significant association between −1154G/A and ovarian cancer risk in the entire study population, or between +936C/T and risk in Asian or Chinese participants. These findings should be verified in large, well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Huan Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhong-Hui He
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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25
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Feng D, Zhao T, Yan K, Liang H, Liang J, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Ling B. Gonadotropins promote human ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion via a cyclooxygenase 2-dependent pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1091-1098. [PMID: 28677781 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that ovarian cancer is associated with local elevation of gonadotropins (FSH and LH), with repeated ovulation and accompanying expression of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). However, the roles of gonadotropins and the concomitant elevation of COX2 in the development of ovarian cancer have not been fully characterized. Herein, we report that excessive FSH/LH exposure did not induce proliferation in ovarian cancer cell lines but significantly promoted cell migration and invasion. Moreover, FSH/LH treatment rapidly upregulated COX2 expression within 24 h, whereas COX1 expression remained unchanged. Further results showed that enhancement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 contributed to the stimulatory effect of gonadotropins on cell migration and invasion; these effects were sufficiently blocked by a selective COX2 inhibitor. In conclusion, the present study suggests that gonadotropin-induced migration and invasion in ovarian cancer may be caused by EMT and MMP upregulation via a COX2-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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26
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A combined biomarker panel shows improved sensitivity for the early detection of ovarian cancer allowing the identification of the most aggressive type II tumours. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:666-674. [PMID: 28664912 PMCID: PMC5572165 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is an urgent need for biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian cancer (OC). The purpose of this study was to assess whether changes in serum levels of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa (GRP78), calprotectin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) are observed before clinical presentation and to assess the performance of these markers alone and in combination with CA125 for early detection. Methods: This nested case–control study used samples from the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. The sample set consisted of 482 serum samples from 49 OC subjects and 31 controls, with serial samples spanning up to 7 years pre-diagnosis. The set was divided into the following: (I) a discovery set, which included all women with only two samples from each woman, the first at<14 months and the second at >32 months to diagnosis; and (ii) a corroboration set, which included all the serial samples from the same women spanning the 7-year period. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, SHBG, GRP78, calprotectin and IGFBP2 were measured using ELISA. The performance of the markers to detect cancers pre-diagnosis was assessed. Results: A combined threshold model IGFBP2 >78.5 ng ml−1 : LCAT <8.831 μg ml−1 : CA125 >35 U ml−1 outperformed CA125 alone for the earlier detection of OC. The threshold model was able to identify the most aggressive Type II cancers. In addition, it increased the lead time by 5–6 months and identified 26% of Type I subjects and 13% of Type II subjects that were not identified by CA125 alone. Conclusions: Combined biomarker panels (IGFBP2, LCAT and CA125) outperformed CA125 up to 3 years pre-diagnosis, identifying cancers missed by CA125, providing increased diagnostic lead times for Type I and Type II OC. The model identified more aggressive Type II cancers, with women crossing the threshold dying earlier, indicating that these markers can improve on the sensitivity of CA125 alone for the early detection of OC.
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27
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Hu Q, Hisamatsu T, Haemmerle M, Cho MS, Pradeep S, Rupaimoole R, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Wong STC, Sood AK, Afshar-Kharghan V. Role of Platelet-Derived Tgfβ1 in the Progression of Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5611-5621. [PMID: 28611202 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfβ1) plays an important role in cancer. Most of Tgfβ1 in plasma is from platelets; thus, we studied whether platelet Tgfβ1 has any role in the progression of ovarian cancer, and whether this role is limited to metastasis or also involves the growth of primary tumors.Experimental Design: We compared the growth of murine ovarian cancer cell-induced tumors in platelet-specific Tgfβ1-deficient mice and wild-type mice. Using resected tumor nodules, we studied the effect of platelet Tgfβ1 on neoangiogenesis and on platelet extravasation into tumors. To investigate the effect of Tgfβ1 at different stages of ovarian cancer, we reduced expression of Tgfβ1 receptor (its TgfβR1 component) in tumors at different time points after injection of cancer cells, and compared the final tumor size.Results: Lack of platelet Tgfβ1 in mice reduced tumor growth, neoangiogenesis, and platelet extravasation. Ovarian cancer tumors in platelet-specific Tgfβ1-deficient mice reached less than half of their size in wild-type littermates. Knockdown of TgfβR1 on cancer cells in the first 2 weeks after their injection reduced tumor growth, but was less effective if initiated after 3 weeks.Conclusions: We showed that platelet Tgfβ1 increased the growth of primary tumors in murine models of ovarian cancer. We also showed that inhibition of TgfβR1 is more effective in reducing the growth of ovarian cancer if initiated earlier. Our results supported a therapeutic benefit in preventing platelet activation, degranulation, and release of Tgfβ1 in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5611-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Hu
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Takeshi Hisamatsu
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Soon Cho
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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28
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Samtani R, Sharma N, Garg D. Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Epigenetic Modifications in Ovarian Cancer: A Review. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:7-18. [PMID: 28602118 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117711261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a relatively fatal female reproductive malignancy. Since the underlying causes are uncertain, it brings us to believe that both genetic and external factors contribute toward development of this lethal disorder. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the form of occupational usage of pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, plasticizers, cosmetics, and so on is potentially carcinogenic and their ability to cause epigenetic modifications has led us to hypothesize that they may play a catalytic role in OC progression. In response to synthetic chemicals, animal models have demonstrated disturbances in the development of ovaries and steroid hormonal levels but in humans, more research is required. The present review is an attempt to address the impact of EDCs on the hormonal system and gene methylation levels that may lead to malfunctioning of the ovaries which may consequently develop in the form of cancer. It can be concluded that endocrine disruptors do have a potential carcinogenicity and their high proportions in human body may cause epigenetic modifications, prompting ovarian surface epithelium to grow in an abnormal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratika Samtani
- 1 Amity Institute of Anthropology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Noopur Sharma
- 1 Amity Institute of Anthropology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepali Garg
- 2 Dr Deepali Path Labs & Cancer Diagnostic Centre, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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29
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Senescent peritoneal mesothelium creates a niche for ovarian cancer metastases. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2565. [PMID: 28032864 PMCID: PMC5261005 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although both incidence and aggressiveness of ovarian malignancy rise with age, the exact reason for this tendency, in particular the contribution of senescent cells, remains elusive. In this project we found that the patient's age determines the frequency of intraperitoneal metastases of ovarian cancer. Moreover, we documented that senescent human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) stimulate proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, and that this effect is related to both the activity of soluble agents released to the environment by these cells and direct cell-cell contact. The panel of mediators of the pro-cancerous activity of senescent HPMCs appeared to be cancer cell line-specific. The growth of tumors in a mouse peritoneal cavity was intensified when the cancer cells were co-injected together with senescent HPMCs. This effect was reversible when the senescence of HPMCs was slowed down by the neutralization of p38 MAPK. The analysis of lesions excised from the peritoneum of patients with ovarian cancer showed the abundance of senescent HPMCs in close proximity to the cancerous tissue. Collectively, our findings indicate that senescent HPMCs which accumulate in the peritoneum in vivo may create a metastatic niche facilitating intraperitoneal expansion of ovarian malignancy.
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30
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Cardenas C, Alvero AB, Yun BS, Mor G. Redefining the origin and evolution of ovarian cancer: a hormonal connection. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R411-22. [PMID: 27440787 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all female reproductive cancers. Late diagnosis, tumour heterogeneity and the development of chemoresistance contribute to this statistic and work against patient survival. Current studies have revealed novel concepts that impact our view on how ovarian cancer develops. The greatest impact is on our understanding that, as a disease, ovarian cancer has multiple cellular origins and that these malignant precursors are mostly derived from outside of the ovaries. In this review, we propose a new concept of a step-wise developmental process that may underwrite ovarian tumorigenesis and progression: (1) migration/recruitment to the ovaries; (2) seeding and establishment in the ovaries; (3) induction of a dormant cancer stage; and (4) expansion and tumor progression. We will discuss the relationship of each step with the changing ovarian function and milieu during the reproductive age and the subsequent occurrence of menopause. The realization that ovarian cancer development and progression occurs in distinct steps is critical for the search of adequate markers for early detection that will offer personalized strategies for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cardenas
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ayesha B Alvero
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bo Seong Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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31
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Terlikowska KM, Dobrzycka B, Witkowska AM, Mackowiak-Matejczyk B, Sledziewski TK, Kinalski M, Terlikowski SJ. Preoperative HE4, CA125 and ROMA in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant adnexal masses. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:43. [PMID: 27436085 PMCID: PMC4952144 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate HE4, CA125 and ROMA in the preoperative differentiation benign ovarian diseases from epithelial ovarian cancer depending on the menopausal status. Methods In order to estimate markers’ concentrations in the serum of women with benign ovarian disease (n = 128) and with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (n = 96) the electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) technique has been applied. Results Using the ROC analysis, although no statistical differences were found among their AUCs, the ROMA algorithm seems to be effective in gathering the diverse performance of HE4 and CA125. The AUC for HE4, CA125 and ROMA for all patients were: 0.895; 0.879 and 0.918, respectively. At established new optimal cutoff values for HE4, CA125 and ROMA we found higher specificity in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women (96.9 vs 89.8 % and 97.7 vs 84.1 % and 95.9 vs 89.1 %, respectively). The sensitivity of HE4 in pre- and postmenopausal women was similar (83.5 vs 83.8 %), while for CA125 was the highest in premenopausal women (87.0 vs 84.1 %). For HE4, CA125 and ROMA the negative predictive value was high (97.6, 93.9 and 94.4 %, respectively). Conclusions The ROMA algorithm shows the best diagnostic performance to distinguish epithelial ovarian cancer from benign ovarian disease. We found the high specificity of HE4 and CA125 while differentiating ovarian benign diseases from epithelial ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women and the high sensitivity of CA125 in detecting epithelial ovarian cancer in premenopausal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Terlikowska
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-295, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bozena Dobrzycka
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Maternity Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15 Warszawska Street, 15-062, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna M Witkowska
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-295, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Beata Mackowiak-Matejczyk
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Bialystok Oncology Center, 12 Ogrodowa Street, 15-027, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kamil Sledziewski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Maternity Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15 Warszawska Street, 15-062, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Kinalski
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jedrzej Sniadecki Memorial Hospital, 15 Warszawska Street, 15-062, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Slawomir J Terlikowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Maternity Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15 Warszawska Street, 15-062, Bialystok, Poland. .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Maternity Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Bialystok, Poland.
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