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Liu B, Peng Y, Su Y, Diao C, Qian J, Zhan X, Cheng R. Transcriptome and metabolome sequencing identifies glutamate and LPAR1 as potential factors of anlotinib resistance in thyroid cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2024:00001813-990000000-00293. [PMID: 38820067 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of anlotinib resistance in thyroid carcinoma. METHODS We constructed an anlotinib-resistant thyroid carcinoma cell line and observed the effect of drug resistance on the functional activity of these cell lines. Transcriptome sequencing and metabolomic sequencing combined with biosynthesis analysis were used to explore and screen possible drug resistance regulatory pathways. RESULTS Through transcriptomic sequencing analysis of drug-resistant cell lines, it was found that the differentially expressed genes of drug-resistant strains were enriched mainly in the interleukin 17, transforming growth factor-β, calcium, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, and other key signaling pathways. A total of 354 differentially expressed metabolic ions were screened using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry to determine the number of metabolic ions in the drug-resistant strains. The results of the Venn diagram correlation analysis showed that glutamate is closely related to multiple pathways and may be an important regulatory factor of anlotinib resistance in thyroid carcinoma. In addition, eight common differentially expressed genes were screened by comparing the gene expression profiling interactive analysis database and sequencing results. Further quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction verification, combined with reports in the literature, showed that LPAR1 may be an important potential target. CONCLUSION This is the first study in which the drug resistance of thyroid cancer to anlotinib was preliminarily discussed. We confirmed that anlotinib resistance in thyroid cancer promotes the progression of malignant biological behavior. We conclude that glutamate may be a potential factor for anlotinib resistance in thyroid cancer and that LPAR1 is also a potentially important target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Kunming Medical University, the First Clinical Medical School of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Yanjun Su
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Chang Diao
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Jun Qian
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Xiangxiang Zhan
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Ruochuan Cheng
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
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Liu Y, Li F, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Tian S, Li B. Anlotinib inhibits growth of human esophageal cancer TE-1 cells by negative regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:134. [PMID: 38678128 PMCID: PMC11055845 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anlotinib is effective in treatment of many kinds of malignant cancer, but its antineoplastic effects on esophageal cancer remains unclear. This study aims to investigate its impact on esophageal cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Anlotiniband 5-fluorouracil + cisplatin (5-FU + DDP) was administered separately to human esophageal cancer TE- 1 cells tumor xenograft mouse models every 3 days. Tumor size and body weight were measured before each treatment and at the end of the experiment. In vitro studies were conducted using TE- 1 cells to examine the effects of Anlotinib. Cell viability, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, their regulatory proteins and the transcriptomic changes were analyzed. Anlotinib reduced tumor size, tumor weight, and the ratio of tumor weight to body weight in vivo. It decreased the viability of TE- 1 cells, with a 50% growth-inhibitory concentration of 9.454 μM for 24 h, induced apoptosis, and arrested TE- 1 cell cycle in the S phase. It inhibited migration and proliferation while negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Enhanced expressions of P21, Bax, and lowered expressions of cyclin A1, cyclin B1, CDK1, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 were observed after Anlotinib treatment. Anlotinib exhibits antineoplastic activity against human esophageal cancer TE- 1 cells by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, consequently altering the expressions of proteins related to proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Avenue, Haikou, China
| | - Qiongyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Avenue, Haikou, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, New York University, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Shuhong Tian
- Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, China.
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Avenue, Haikou, China.
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Ruan X, Liu Y, Wu S, Fu G, Tao M, Huang Y, Li D, Wei S, Gao M, Guo S, Ning J, Zheng X. Multidimensional data analysis revealed thyroiditis-associated TCF19 SNP rs2073724 as a highly ranked protective variant in thyroid cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6488-6509. [PMID: 38579171 PMCID: PMC11042956 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer represents the most prevalent malignant endocrine tumour, with rising incidence worldwide and high mortality rates among patients exhibiting dedifferentiation and metastasis. Effective biomarkers and therapeutic interventions are warranted in aggressive thyroid malignancies. The transcription factor 19 (TCF19) gene has been implicated in conferring a malignant phenotype in cancers. However, its contribution to thyroid neoplasms remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, we performed genome-wide and phenome-wide association studies to identify a potential causal relationship between TCF19 and thyroid cancer. Our analyses revealed significant associations between TCF19 and various autoimmune diseases and human cancers, including cervical cancer and autoimmune thyroiditis, with a particularly robust signal for the deleterious missense variation rs2073724 that is associated with thyroid function, hypothyroidism, and autoimmunity. Furthermore, functional assays and transcriptional profiling in thyroid cancer cells demonstrated that TCF19 regulates important biological processes, especially inflammatory and immune responses. We demonstrated that TCF19 could promote the progression of thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo and the C>T variant of rs2073724 disrupted TCF19 protein binding to target gene promoters and their expression, thus reversing the effect of TCF19 protein. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings implicate TCF19 as a promising therapeutic target in aggressive thyroid malignancies and designate rs2073724 as a causal biomarker warranting further investigation in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shuping Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, China
| | - Guiming Fu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Thyroid-Otolaryngology Department, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Tao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Songfeng Wei
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Junya Ning
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
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Wang L, Xu L, Han S, Zhu X. Anlotinib Inhibits Cisplatin Resistance in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting MCL-1 Expression via MET/STAT3/Akt Pathway. Can Respir J 2024; 2024:2632014. [PMID: 38468814 PMCID: PMC10927342 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2632014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anlotinib is an effective targeted therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been found to mediate chemoresistance in many cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of anlotinib mediates cisplatin (DDP) resistance in NSCLC remains unclear. Methods Cell viability was assessed by the cell counting kit 8 assay. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined using the colony formation assay and transwell assay. The mRNA expression levels of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression levels of MET, MCL-1, and STAT3/Akt pathway-related markers were examined using western blot analysis. Results Our data showed that anlotinib inhibited the DDP resistance of NSCLC cells by regulating cell proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, MET and MCL-1 expression could be decreased by anlotinib treatment. Silencing of MET suppressed the activity of the STAT3/Akt pathway and MCL-1 expression. Furthermore, MET overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on the DDP resistance of NSCLC cells, and this effect could be eliminated by MCL-1 knockdown or ACT001 (an inhibitor for STAT3/Akt pathway). Conclusion Our results confirmed that anlotinib inhibited DDP resistance in NSCLC cells, which might decrease MCL-1 expression via mediating the MET/STAT3/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lile Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuhua Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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He L, Han Q, Zhao M, Ma H, Cheng P, Yang H, Zhao Y. Case report of radiotherapy combined with anlotinib and immunotherapy for a patient with esophageal cancer and esophageal fistula. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 205:111162. [PMID: 38142544 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is a frequent gastrointestinal malignancy. The most common types of EC pathology worldwide are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Although surgical resection is still the main treatment modality for EC, most patients are already lost to surgery at the time of presentation due to the late stage. In recent years, the development of radiation therapy (RT) combined with targeted therapy (TT) and immunization therapy (IT) has brought more options for the treatment of EC. During radiation therapy, the radiation therapy area is very close to the trachea and esophagus, so radiation therapy may cause damage to the tissues of the trachea and esophagus, which is also known as a tracheoesophageal fistula (TF). We present the case of an EC patient who developed TF during radiation therapy and gradually improved after a combination of anlotinib and immunotherapy. METHODS The patient was diagnosed with poorly differentiated ESCC by pathological biopsy and treated with "lobaplatin + Tegafur Gimeracil Oteracil Porassium Capsule" for 5 cycles. RESULTS CT scan of the chest showed progression after treatment. During RT, the patient developed radiotherapy-related adverse effects, which were relieved by symptomatic support therapy. At the end of RT, the patient developed TF, but we chose to let the patient continue his radiation treatment plan with the anti-angiogenic drug "anlotinib." CONCLUSION After radiation therapy, the patient continued to be treated with anlotinib and immunotherapy with camrelizumab, and the patient's lesion improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei He
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian Han
- Five Ward of Cancer Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China.
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Five Ward of Cancer Center, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Haodong Ma
- Five Ward of Cancer Center, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Five Ward of Cancer Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Five Ward of Cancer Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Five Ward of Cancer Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
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Zhuang X, Yao J, Li X, Jiang Y, Zhong M, Tan J, Zhou H, Li G, Zha J, Xu B. Anlotinib suppresses the DNA damage response by disrupting SETD1A and inducing p53-dependent apoptosis in Transformed Follicular Lymphoma. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:70-79. [PMID: 38164353 PMCID: PMC10750341 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.84952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The high tumor mutational burden (TMB) of transformed follicular lymphoma (tFL) leads to tumor heterogeneity and poor prognosis in follicular lymphoma, in which endogenous DNA damage and epigenetic modification are the key factors. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of anlotinib in tFL and to investigate its potential therapeutic mechanism. Methods: Cell viability and apoptosis were tested with CCK-8 and annexin V/PI staining kits, respectively. The tumorigenicity test in mice was utilized to further confirm the efficacy of anlotinib in vivo. Western blotting was utilized to explore the molecular mechanisms. Results: Anlotinib induced G2/M phase arrest in tFL cells, inhibited the proliferation of tFL cells and promoted the apoptosis of tFL cells in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of anlotinib markedly reduced tumor mass and weight in an FL xenograft mouse model. The western blot and immunohistochemistry staining results confirmed that the mechanism by which anlotinib promoted tumor cell apoptosis was DNA damage. Further results showed that anlotinib significantly downregulated the expression of SETD1A, leading to its destruction. Anlotinib administration resulted in a significant dose-dependent increase in the level of p-p53. Furthermore, anlotinib greatly downregulated the antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and in parallel upregulated the proapoptotic element BAX and Bak, accompanied by caspase-3 activation and PARP degradation. Conclusion: Anlotinib has a good proapoptotic effect on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and its possible mechanism is related to the inhibition of the DNA damage response by disrupting SETD1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwei Yao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuelong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mengya Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jinshui Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Genhong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Zheng X, Wang J, Ye T, Tang W, Pan X, Wang S, Liu J. Efficacy and safety of anlotinib-based chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine 2023; 81:540-546. [PMID: 37219702 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with no effective treatment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of anlotinib-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy for ATC. METHODS Locally advanced or metastatic (LA/M) ATC patients who never received antitumor treatment of any sort were eligible for this study. The patients received 2-6 cycles anlotinib12mg on days 1-14 per 21 days. Chemotherapy regimens consisted of paclitaxel, capecitabine, or paclitaxel plus carboplatin/capecitabine. The end points including Objective Response Rate (ORR), Disease Control Rate (DCR), Progression-Free Survival (PFS), and Disease Specification Survival (DCS) were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were enrolled. 1 patient achieved a Complete Response (CR) and 14 patients achieved Partial Response (PR). The best ORR was 60.0%, and the DCR was 88.0%. The median PFS was 25.1 weeks, and the median DCS was 96.0 weeks. Approximately 56% (14 patients) had at least one Adverse Event (AE) of any grade. Most AEs were well tolerated. The most common AEs was palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (28.0%). CONCLUSIONS Anlotinib-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy is a safe and effective intervention for the treatment of LA/M ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucai Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, West District of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hospital Outpatient Department, West District of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tingbo Ye
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, West District of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weifang Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, West District of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xikong Pan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, West District of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shengying Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, West District of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, West District of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Wu J, Liang J, Liu R, Lv T, Fu K, Jiang L, Ma W, Pan Y, Tan Z, Liu Q, Qiu W, Ge M, Wang J. Autophagic blockade potentiates anlotinib-mediated ferroptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e230036. [PMID: 37283515 PMCID: PMC10448565 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anlotinib-mediated angiogenic remodeling was delineated in various tumors. Meanwhile, we previously showed that anlotinib inhibited tumor angiogenesis in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). However, the potential role of anlotinib on cell lethality in ATC remains an enigma. Herein, we found that anlotinib inhibited the viability, proliferation, and migration of KHM-5M, C643, and 8505C cells in a dose-dependently manner. Under anlotinib treatment, PANoptosis (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis) markers were not changed; however, ferroptosis targets (transferrin, HO-1, FTH1, FTL, and GPX4) were significantly downregulated. ROS levels also increased in a concentration-dependent manner after anlotinib treatment in KHM-5M, C643, and 8505C cells. In addition, protective autophagy was activated in response to anlotinib, and autophagic blockade potentiated anlotinib-mediated ferroptosis and antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Our new discovery identified autophagy-ferroptosis signaling pathway which provides mechanistic insight into anlotinib-mediated cell death, and synergistic combination therapy may help develop new ATC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wu
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juyong Liang
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Tian Lv
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangyin Fu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liehao Jiang
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenli Ma
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Pan
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Weihua Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghua Ge
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
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9
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Su YJ, Cheng SH, Qian J, Zhang M, Liu W, Zhan XX, Wang ZQ, Liu HD, Zhong XW, Cheng RC. Neoadjuvant therapy with anlotinib in a locally advanced and pulmonary metastasis PTC patient harboring TERT promoter and BRAF V600E mutations: a case report. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:e000659. [PMID: 37364156 PMCID: PMC10660997 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A 71-year-old woman with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was referred to our hospital. A computed tomography scan revealed extensive recurrence in the neck, invading sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, sternal end of the clavicle, strap muscle and skin; and lateral compartment and subclavian lymph nodes were also involved. Multiple pulmonary micrometastases also noticed. The tumor was considered unresectable; however, the patient was unwilling to accept highly invasive surgery. Therefore, we initiated neoadjuvant therapy with anlotinib, 12mg p.o. daily with a 2-week on/1-week off regimen. The tumor shrunk to resectable state after 4 cycles of treatment, and after 3 weeks of withdrawal, successful surgical resection without gross tumor residual was performed. Pathology confirmed as classic PTC harboring coexistent TERT promoter and BRAFV600E mutations by NGS. After anlotinib therapy, apoptosis induction was observed, and proliferation increased, which was due to three weeks of anlotinib withdraw. Structual recurrence was recorded at 6 months after operation due to no further treatment was taken. Our finding suggests that anlotinib could represent as a good treatment option for patients with locally advanced (with or without distant metastasis) PTC; Anlotinib treatment resulted in sufficient reduction of the tumor mass to enable total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine treatment, providing long-term control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hao Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Zhan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Zhu-Quan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Honghe State, Mengzi, PR. China
| | - Hai-Dan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Honghe State, Mengzi, PR. China
| | - Xing-Wei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Honghe State, Mengzi, PR. China,
| | - Ruo-Chuan Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China,
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Chen F, Niu J, Wang M, Zhu H, Guo Z. Re-evaluating the risk factors for radiation pneumonitis in the era of immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:368. [PMID: 37287014 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the common complications of radiotherapy, radiation pneumonia (RP) limits the prognosis of patients. Therefore, better identifying the high-risk factors that lead to RP is essential to effectively prevent its occurrence. However, as lung cancer treatment modalities are being replaced and the era of immunotherapy has arrived, literature that reviews the parameters and mode of radiotherapy, chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs and current hot immune checkpoint inhibitors related to RP is lacking. This paper summarizes the risk factors for radiation pneumonia by retrieving and analysing previously published literature and the results of large clinical trials. The literature primarily included retrospective analyses, including clinical trials in different periods and a part of the literature review. A systematic literature search of Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov was performed for relevant publications up to 6 Dec. 2022. Search keywords include, but are not limited to, "radiation pneumonia", "pneumonia", "risk factors", "immunotherapy", etc. The factors related to RP in this paper include physical parameters of radiotherapy, including V5, V20, and MLD; chemoradiotherapy mode and chemotherapy drugs, including paclitaxel and gemcitabine; EGFR-TKI; ALK inhibitors; antiangiogenic drugs; immune drugs and the underlying disease of the patient. We also introduce the possible mechanism of RP. In the future, we hope that this article not only sounds the alarm for clinicians but also helps to identify a method that can effectively intervene and reduce the occurrence of RP, significantly improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients, and more effectively improve the therapeutic effect of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Jiling Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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11
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Zhang LY, Cai SJ, Liang BY, Yan SY, Wang B, Li MY, Zhao WX. Efficacy of anlotinib combined with radioiodine to treat scalp metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:2839-2847. [PMID: 37214573 PMCID: PMC10198115 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i12.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the well-differentiated thyroid tumors. Cutaneous metastasis from differentiated thyroid cancers occurs in < 1% of primary thyroid carcinomas but produces the worst survival prognosis. The multi-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib has been approved to treat refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer as well as advanced soft-tissue and clear cell sarcomas in China.
CASE SUMMARY In a patient with scalp metastasis caused by PTC, thyroid and skull metastasis tumor sizes were significantly reduced after a trial of neoadjuvant anlotinib therapy for 3 cycles. Anlotinib maintenance medication after thyroidectomy further reduced the metastatic skull tumor size thereby preventing the requirement for craniotomy.
CONCLUSION The outcome of the present trial confirmed the potential of anlotinib therapy to treat scalp metastasis induced by PTC and point the way for the treatment of similar diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yong Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, The Training Center for Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shao-Jun Cai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, The Training Center for Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bo-Yan Liang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, The Training Center for Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shou-Yi Yan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, The Training Center for Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, The Training Center for Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, The Training Center for Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wen-Xin Zhao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, The Training Center for Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
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12
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Wang N, Zhao L, Zhang D, Kong F. Efficacy and safety of anlotinib as maintenance therapy after induction chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:558-562. [PMID: 36728981 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Anlotinib has been approved as the third-line or beyond treatment regimen for patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, it is indistinct whether there are survival benefits of anlotinib in the maintenance therapy of ES-SCLC. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib monotherapy as maintenance therapy after induction chemotherapy for patients with ES-SCLC. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) was considered to be the pivotal symbol as the primary endpoint. The median overall survival (mOS) and safety were recognized as the second endpoints. Eligible patients in stable status after first-line chemotherapy would subsequently accept oral anlotinib (12 mg/d, d1-d14, every 21 days as a course). The maintenance method was continued until disease progression or unmanageable toxicity occurred. The mPFS was 7.7 months (95% CI, 7.20-8.20 months) and the mOS was 11.0 months (95% CI, 9.19-12.82 months), respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events were hypertension ( n = 9; 64.3%), fatigue ( n = 6; 42.9%), followed by decreased appetite ( n = 5; 35.7%), nausea ( n = 5; 35.7%), weight decrease ( n = 4; 28.6%), and rash ( n = 4; 28.6%). There were no patients who required dose reduction because of severe adverse events. Anlotinib achieved prospective efficacy and manageable safety in the maintenance treatment of ES-SCLC. These above outcomes demonstrated that anlotinib was a tolerable and potent maintenance treatment option after induction chemotherapy in ES-SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Dou Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanming Kong
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Li PJ, Lai SZ, Jin T, Ying HJ, Chen YM, Zhang P, Hang QQ, Deng H, Wang L, Feng JG, Chen XZ, Guo P, Chen M, Tian Y, Chen YY. Radiotherapy opens the blood-brain barrier and synergizes with anlotinib in treating glioblastoma. Radiother Oncol 2023; 183:109633. [PMID: 36963438 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) has a poor prognosis and lacks effective treatment. Anlotinib is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that may have anti-tumor activity in the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to determine the therapeutic value of radiotherapy combined with anlotinib in GBM via preclinical research. METHODS HPLC-MS/MS was used to assess the concentration of anlotinib in blood and brain samples. Cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry, and colony formation assays were performed in vitro. The potential value of anlotinib or in combination with radiotherapy for GBM treatment was estimated in vivo. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent staining were performed to determine the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Anlotinib effectively inactivated the JAK3/STAT3 pathway to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in malignant glioma cells (MGCs) independent of MGMT expression. Meanwhile, anlotinib induces MGCs G2/M arrest and sensitizes MGCs to radiation. Radiation down-regulates claudin-5 and weakens the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which contributes to the increased distribution of anlotinib in the CNS by 1.0-2.9 times. Anlotinib restrains tumor growth (PCNA), inhibits tumor microvascular proliferation (CD31), and alleviated intratumor hypoxia (HIF 1α) in vivo. Anlotinib alone or in combination with radiation is effective and safe in vivo evaluation. CONCLUSIONS We discovered that anlotinib, the original small molecule antiangiogenesis TKI, down-regulates JAK3/STAT3 axis with anti-cancer activity alone or in combination with radiation. Anlotinib combined with radiotherapy might be a promising treatment for newly diagnosed GBM in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang-Jie Ying
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Mei Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Hang
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Feng
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu Z, Yu M, Zhao F, Zhu C. Anlotinib combined with Sintilimab is win-win cooperation for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: A case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:976415. [PMID: 37007162 PMCID: PMC10062477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.976415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrimary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare malignant tumor. The incidence rate of PSCCT is less than 1%. However, the diagnosis and treatment of PSCCT are limited. Surgical resection is considered to be one of the few effective intervention methods. In this article, we reported a case of taking tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for PSCCT.Case summaryAn 80-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and hoarseness for a giant thyroid mass. He underwent bronchoscopy and tracheal stent implantation to alleviate the respiratory obstruction. Then he accepted right partial thyroid and right lymph node biopsy. Postoperative pathology revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequently, he underwent an endoscopy to exclude upper gastrointestinal squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, he was diagnosed with PSCCT. The patient was tentatively treated with a combination of Anlotinib and Sintilimab. After two courses, the tumor volume significantly reduced in MRI images and shrank further after five courses of combined treatment. Unfortunately, the patient died of fulminant liver failure and autoimmune liver disease after 5-month-treatment.ConclusionTKIs combined with ICIs may be an effective and novel way for PSCCT treatment, but immune-related complications, especially liver damage, should be cared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng Zhao
- *Correspondence: Chenfang Zhu, ; Feng Zhao,
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15
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Li J, Zhang D, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Z, Liang G, Yuan X, Li Y, Komorowski AL, Rozen WM, Orlandi A, Takabe K, Franceschini G, Jerusalem G, Wang X. The combined effect and mechanism of antiangiogenic drugs and PD-L1 inhibitor on cell apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:83. [PMID: 36819490 PMCID: PMC9929791 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis. Standard systemic treatment includes chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are considered in breast cancer (BRCA) susceptibility genes mutated tumors. The role of antiangiogenic drugs is controversial. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor is now a standard of care for TNBC in the US, but its use in combination with anlotinib, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, on TNBC cells was never investigated. Methods We tested the effects of anlotinib and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-468 and BT-549 TNBC cells through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, cell apoptosis assay, wound healing and transwell matrix assays, and verified whether the combination of the two drugs had synergistic effect. Western blotting was used to detect the effect of anlotinib and PD-L1 inhibitor on the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, Bcl-xl in MDA-MB-468 and BT-549 cells. The effects of anlotinib, PD-L1 inhibitor and the combination of the two drugs on the transplanted tumor of TNBC mice were tested by animal experiments. Results Anlotinib and PD-L1 inhibitor inhibited the proliferation and promote cell apoptosis of MDA-MB-468 and BT-549 cells, and the combination demonstrated the synergetic effect. Anlotinib and PD-L1 inhibitor inhibited cell migration and invasion, and the effect was strongest in the combination group. Both anlotinib and PD-L1 inhibitor reduced the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and Bcl-xl proteins in cells and the effects were the strongest in the combination group. Both anlotinib and PD-L1 inhibitor inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors in mice, and the combined group demonstrated the strongest growth suppression. Conclusions Anlotinib and PD-L1 inhibitor can inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC and promote cell apoptosis, and the two drugs show combined anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro. The combination of anlotinib and PD-L1 inhibitor may promote apoptosis of TNBC cells through PI3K/AKT/Bcl-xl signaling pathways, which might offer potential clinical treatment roles for these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Warren Matthew Rozen
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Frankston Victoria, Australia
| | - Armando Orlandi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The State University of New York, Bufflo, NY, USA;,Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bufflo, NY, USA
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Breast Unit, Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guy Jerusalem
- Medica l Oncology Department, CHU Liège and Liège University, Liege, Belgium
| | - Xinshuai Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Wang H, Wang Y. Anlotinib induces apoptosis and second growth/mitosis phase block in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells via the aurora kinase A/p53 pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231185774. [PMID: 37392187 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231185774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (DDP) resistance in ovarian cancer (OC) patients usually leads to treatment failure and increased mortality. Anlotinib has been shown to improve progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, but the mechanism is unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which anlotinib ameliorates platinum resistance in OC cells. METHODS Cell viability was detected by the 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, and the apoptosis rate and changes in the cell cycle distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the potential gene target of anlotinib in DDP-resistance SKOV3 cells, and its expression was verifies it by RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, ovarian cancer cells overexpressing AURKA were constructed, and the predicted results were verified by animal experiments. RESULTS Anlotinib effectively induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in OC cells and decreased the proportion of EdU-positive cells. AURKA was identified as a possible key target of anlotinib for inhibiting tumorigenic behaviors in SKOV3/DDP cells. Through combined immunofluorescence and western blot analyses, it was demonstrated that anlotinib could effectively inhibit the protein expression of AURKA and upregulate the expression of p53/p21, CDK1, and Bax protein. After overexpression of AURKA in OC cells, the induction of apoptosis and G2/M arrest by anlotinib were significantly inhibited. Anlotinib also effectively inhibited the growth of tumors in nude mice injected with OC cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that anlotinib can induce apoptosis and G2/M arrest in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells through the AURKA/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Yuan J, Guo Y. Targeted Therapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Advances and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010179. [PMID: 36612173 PMCID: PMC9818071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare and highly fatal cancer with the worst prognosis of all thyroid carcinoma (TC) histological subtypes and no standard treatment. In recent years, the explosion of investigations on ATC-targeted agents has provided a new treatment strategy for this malignant condition, and a review of these studies is warranted. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for ATC-targeted drug studies and compiled a summary of their efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) to provide new insights. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib in combination with trametinib for the treatment of ATC, but vemurafenib and NTRK inhibitors showed limited clinical responses. We found that the previously valued therapeutic effect of lenvatinib may be unsatisfactory; combining tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors (TKIs) with other agents results in a higher rate of clinical benefit. In addition, specific medications, including RET inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and Combretastatin A4-phosphate (CA4P), offer tremendous therapeutic potential. The AEs reported for all agents are relatively numerous but largely manageable clinically. More clinical trials are expected to further confirm the effectiveness and safety of these targeted drugs for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Yuan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310001, China
- Correspondence:
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Anlotinib Suppressed Ovarian Cancer Progression via Inducing G2/M Phase Arrest and Apoptosis. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010162. [PMID: 36614964 PMCID: PMC9821756 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most common gynecologic malignancy, because of its chemotherapy resistance and relapse. Anlotinib, a new oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown encouraging antitumor activity in several preclinical and clinical trials, while its effect on ovarian cancer has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity and underlying mechanism of anlotinib in ovarian cancer. Cell viability was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Migration was measured by wound-healing assay. The cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry. In vivo antitumor effect was analyzed in mouse ovarian carcinoma peritoneal metastasis model. We found that anlotinib inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner by inducing G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, anlotinib upregulated the the phosphorylation of Histone H3, and expression of p21 protein in vitro. In addition, anlotinib inhibited the migration of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, anlotinib inhibited tumor growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and suppressing ovarian cancer angiogenesis in vivo. This study demonstrated the extraordinary anti-ovarian cancer effect of anlotinib, which may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.
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Non-Apoptotic Programmed Cell Death in Thyroid Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121565. [PMID: 36559016 PMCID: PMC9788139 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrinological conditions. As the prevalence of thyroid diseases increases annually, the exploration of thyroid disease mechanisms and the development of treatments are also gradually improving. With the gradual advancement of therapies, non-apoptotic programmed cell death (NAPCD) has immense potential in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and immunogenic cell death are all classical NAPCD. In this paper, we have compiled the recent mechanistic investigations of thyroid diseases and established the considerable progress by NAPCD in thyroid diseases. Furthermore, we have elucidated the role of various types of NAPCD in different thyroid disorders. This will help us to better understand the pathophysiology of thyroid-related disorders and identify new targets and mechanisms of drug resistance, which may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with thyroid diseases. Here, we have reviewed the advances in the role of NAPCD in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of thyroid diseases, and highlighted future research prospects in this area.
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Anlotinib Exerts Inhibitory Effects against Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248873. [PMID: 36558006 PMCID: PMC9785832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anlotinib is a highly potent multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Accumulating evidence suggests that anlotinib exhibits effective anti-tumor activity against various cancer subtypes. However, the effects of anlotinib against cisplatin-resistant (CIS) ovarian cancer (OC) are yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on the pathogenesis of cisplatin-resistant OC. Materials and Methods: Human OC cell lines (A2780 and A2780 CIS) were cultured and treated with or without anlotinib. The effects of anlotinib on cell proliferation were determined using cell-counting kit-8 and colony-formation assays. To evaluate the invasion and metastasis of OC cells, we performed wound-healing and transwell assays. The cell cycle was analyzed via flow cytometry. A xenograft mouse model was used to conduct in vivo studies to verify the effects of anlotinib. The expression of Ki-67 in the tumor tissue was detected via immunohistochemistry. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels. Results: Our study revealed that anlotinib significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A2780 and A2780 CIS in a dose-dependent way in vitro (p < 0.05). Through R software ‘limma’ package analysis of GSE15372, it was found that, in comparison with A2780, PLK2 was expressed in significantly low levels in the corresponding cisplatin-resistant strains. The ERK1/2/Plk2 signaling axis mediates the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cell lines. Moreover, our research found that anlotinib effectively inhibited the growth of tumor cells in an OC xenograft mouse model. Conclusions: In this study, anlotinib showed excellent inhibitory effects against cisplatin-resistant OC both in vitro and in vivo. These results add to the growing body of evidence supporting anlotinib as a potential anticancer agent against OC.
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Tan J, Li C, Ren L, Zhu X, Hua F, Fu Y. miR-451a suppresses papillary thyroid cancer cell proliferation and invasion and facilitates apoptosis through targeting DCBLD2 and AKT1. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 66:101863. [PMID: 36252912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a common malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. However, the role of miR-451a in PTC is not fully understood. Hence, the objective of the study was to research the effect and mechanism of miR-451a in PTC. Differentially expressed miRNAs between GSE113629 and GSE103996 databases were assessed by Venn diagram. miR-451a and its downstream target genes were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8, EdU, transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to evaluated the target of miR-451a. Xenografted tumors was used to explore the function of miR-451a in vivo. Pathological changes and related protein expression were measured by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. MiR-451a was downregulated in PTC tissues and blood, and low expression of miR-451a was related to short overall survival, serious lymph node metastasis and high TNM grade in PTC patients. Moreover, increase of miR-451a restrained the proliferation and invasion and accelerated the apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-451a repressed VEGF signaling pathway. Importantly, miR-451a was demonstrated to target DCBLD2 and AKT1. Overexpression of DCBLD2 and AKT1 could restore the effect of miR-451a on PTC cells. In addition, miR-451a reduced the growth of xenografted tumors in vivo. The data suggested that miR-451a attenuated the proliferation, invasion and promoted apoptosis in PTC cells via inhibiting DCBLD2 and AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuting Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 21300, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua, Jiangsu, 225700, China
| | - Chunpu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua, Jiangsu, 225700, China
| | - Lijue Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 21300, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 21300, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 21300, China.
| | - Yuming Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua, Jiangsu, 225700, China
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Kong T, Chen L, Zhao X, Duan F, Zhou H, Wang L, Liu D. Anlotinib plus etoposide and cisplatin/carboplatin as first-line therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC): a single-arm, phase II study. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:1095-1105. [PMID: 35788937 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have high relapse rates and poor prognosis. Anlotinib monotherapy has shown promising efficacy for patients with ES-SCLC and has a non-overlapping toxicity profile with chemotherapy. Therefore, the study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of the addition of anlotinib to platinum-chemotherapy as first-line therapy for patients with ES-SCLC. ES-SCLC patients without systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy were recruited. Eligible patients received anlotinib (12 mg/day, on day 1-14) of a 21-day cycle, with concomitant etoposide (100 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, on day 1-3) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, on day 1) or carboplatin (AUC = 4-5, on day 1) for 4-6 cycles, followed by indefinite anlotinib maintenance therapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS). Between Jan 15, 2019 and Dec 31, 2020, 25 patients were enrolled. At the data cut-off time (November 3, 2021), the median follow-up was 14.3 months. Median PFS was 10.3 months (95% CI: 6.0-14.5) and median OS was 17.1 months (95% CI: 11.1-19.3). The ORR and DCR were 90% and 100%, respectively. The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (50%), leukopenia (35%), thrombocytopenia (25%), fatigue (10%), nausea (10%), hyponatremia (10%), anemia (10%). One patient discontinued treatment due to treatment-related adverse events. No treatment-related death occurred. Anlotinib plus platinum-chemotherapy as first-line therapy for ES-SCLC has anti-tumor activity, and showed acceptable tolerability. These results provide a basis for future randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Kong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University& the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University& the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University& the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University& the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hanli Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University& the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Danna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Henan University& the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Anlotinib Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Promotes the Anticancer Effect of Radiotherapy on Esophageal Cancer through Inhibiting EphA2. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5632744. [PMID: 36090890 PMCID: PMC9452983 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5632744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Anlotinib is a novel multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor for tumor angiogenesis and has antitumor activity in a variety of solid tumors. Given that, our study was designed to unearth the mechanism of anlotinib in radioresistant esophageal cancer (EC) cells. Methods Radioresistant EC cell lines TE-1R and KYSE-150R were established by multiple fractionated irradiation. Detection of cell proliferation was governed by the MTT assay, angiogenesis by the tube formation assay, and cell migration and invasion by the transwell assay. Lastly, RT-qPCR Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of related genes. Cancerous cells showing tumor growth were then detected by tumor xenografts in mice. Results Radioresistant EC cell lines TE-1R and KYSE-150R were successfully established. Anlotinib downregulated EphA2 inhibited proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of radioresistant EC cells in vitro. The up-regulated expression of EphA2 in both EC cell lines and radioresistant EC cells, along with anlotinib, in turn, inhibited the expression of EphA2 in radioresistant EC cells. Inhibiting EphA2 also enhanced anlotinib-mediated effects on radioresistant EC cells, so as to restrain cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. Correspondingly, overexpression of EphA2 is capable of reversing the therapeutic effect of anlotinib on radioresistant EC cells. Also, anlotinib enhances the inhibitory effect of irradiation on mice. Conclusion It is concluded that anlotinib inhibits EphA2 expression, thereby suppressing angiogenesis and resensitizing EC cells to radiotherapy, providing another perspective to overcome radioresistance in EC.
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Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Anlotinib Combined with Oral 5-Fluorouracil/S-1 via Inhibiting Src/AKT Signaling Pathway in Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:4484211. [PMID: 35757014 PMCID: PMC9225918 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4484211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small-molecule tyrosine inhibitor anlotinib which developed in China has been approved as a third-line treatment for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Our previous clinical study found that anlotinib combined with S-1 has better short-term ORR than the single-agent anlotinib of SCLC and other small-molecule vascular targeted drug therapies in the treatment of SCLC. However, the molecular mechanism of those effect remains unclear. Methods SCLC cell line H446 was treated with either anlotinib, 5-FU alone, or combination. The cellular effects including cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, cell migration, and invasion were explored to evaluate the cell proliferation level. Western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of the combined action of the two drugs. The xenograft mouse model was established by injection of H446 cells into mouse, and the animals were randomized and assigned for the drug treatments. Body weights and tumor sizes were recorded. WB was conducted using tumor tissues. All data were collected and statistically analyzed using t-test to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism. Results When anlotinib was combined with 5-FU, the IC50 value of cells was significantly reduced. And apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cell motility rates were stronger when anlotinib combined with 5-FU than in the anlotinib or 5-FU alone. In H446 cell-derived xenograft mouse model, tumor volumes were significantly decreased in Anlo/5-FU combination group than anlotinib or 5-FU alone group. Western blot showed the decreasing expression of p-Src/p-AKT in the Anlo/5-FU group. Conclusion Our data revealed that the treatment of combination of antitumor angiogenesis agent anlotinib with chemotherapy drug 5-FU may have synergistic cytotoxicity to SCLC in vitro and in vivo. This treatment modality reduced cell proliferation and migration via Src/AKT pathway. This new strategy may be a promising treatment for SCLC but needs to be confirmed in future clinical trials.
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Zhu H, Li G, Yin J, Zhang H, Da Y, Li L. Anlotinib attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice model of multiple sclerosis via modulating the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:594-602. [PMID: 35638564 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS), the imbalance between T helper (Th)-17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical in autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelination. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an established mouse MS model and simulates MS at diverse levels. OBJECTIVES This study aims at investigating the impact of anlotinib on the clinical severity of EAE and CD4+ T cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS EAE-induced mice were treated with water (control) or 6 mg/kg anlotinib by gavage daily. At the peak of EAE, histopathological examination and flow cytometry analysis of CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T cells were performed. In vitro differentiation of CD4+ T cells under different conditions was detected by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the impacts of anlotinib on the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the transcription levels of key genes involved in Th17 and Treg differentiation were tested. RESULTS Anlotinib attenuated the clinical severity of EAE and changed the frequencies of CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T cell subsets. Anlotinib inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro, decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, and reduced the expression of Rorc. Anlotinib promoted the differentiation of Treg cells and upregulated the expression levels of CD39 and CD73. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Anlotinib alleviated the symptoms of EAE via inhibiting the Th17 cell differentiation and promoting Treg cell differentiation. Our study provides new opportunities for the exploitation of anlotinib as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yurong Da
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Yang D, Chen F, Gong D, Zeng L, Xiang D, He Y, Chen L, Yan J, Zhang S. Establishment of childhood hepatoblastoma xenografts and evaluation of the anti-tumour effects of anlotinib, oxaliplatin and sorafenib. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:465-472. [PMID: 35032209 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-05043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a common primary malignant liver tumour in children, mainly treated by means of traditional chemotherapy using platinum and doxorubicin (ADM). There has been limited progress in the research and development of new drugs for treating HB. METHODS A tumour biopsy from a child with HB was implanted into immunodeficient mice. The primary tumour and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumour were extensively characterised by histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and humanisation identification. We used the PDX model to evaluate the anti-tumour effects of anlotinib oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and sorafenib on childhood HB. RESULTS The established PDX model maintained the histological characteristics of the primary tumour. Anlotinib, L-OHP, and sorafenib can significantly inhibit the tumour growth in the PDX model. There was no obvious damage of the drugs to the heart, liver and kidney of the mice, and the side effects observed were light. CONCLUSION We have successfully established a PDX model of childhood HB. The model retains important molecular characteristics of human primary tumours. Using the model, it was found that anlotinib, L-OHP, and sorafenib have a good inhibitory effect on the growth of childhood HB. This provides a preliminary research basis for the clinical application of the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, 122 Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dan Gong
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deng Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, 122 Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuanqiao He
- Laboratory Animal Science Center of Nanchang University, Nanchang Royo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Leifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinlong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, 122 Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Li L, Zhang H, Xie Y, Su N, Su S, Zhang X, Cen W. The Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib Alone and in Combination with Other Drugs in Advanced Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1475871. [PMID: 35251294 PMCID: PMC8896944 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1475871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung cancer is a disease associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, with approximately 2.1 million new cases every year. Anlotinib is a new small-molecule multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor independently developed in China that can inhibit the formation of tumor blood vessels and has a therapeutic effect on various cancers. However, the application of anlotinib in lung cancer needs further investigation. METHODS We collected the progress notes of 43 patients with advanced lung cancer treated at the Oncology Department of Guangzhou Chest Hospital from March 2019 to March 2021. Additionally, we assessed the differences between drug combination therapy and single-drug therapy among patients treated with anlotinib. RESULTS Patients in both the anlotinib-combination and anlotinib-monotherapy groups experienced remission; however, the overall disease control rate in the anlotinib-combination group was higher than that in the anlotinib-monotherapy group. Reexamination via computed tomography showed that patients in the anlotinib-combination group had better recovery than those in the anlotinib-monotherapy group. Although the overall incidence of adverse reactions in the anlotinib-combination group was higher than that in the monotherapy group, most of the adverse reactions were I-II levels and improved after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION Anlotinib combined with other therapies is better than anlotinib alone for the management of patients with advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalin Xie
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianlan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchang Cen
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang DY, Su L, Wang YW. Malignant solitary fibrous tumor in the central nervous system treated with surgery, radiotherapy and anlotinib: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:631-642. [PMID: 35097089 PMCID: PMC8771389 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i2.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the central nervous system is rare. It is predominantly benign and rarely malignant. There is no established standardized treatment regimen for malignant intracranial SFTs.
CASE SUMMARY We present a rare case of SFT in a 9-year-old girl with a space-occupying effect in the frontal-parietal lobes. She underwent craniotomy, and the mass was resected. Immunohistochemistry examination of the specimen showed that Ki-67 proliferation index staining was highly positive in 80% of tumor cells. Whole exome sequencing of the surgical tissue showed 38 somatic gene mutations and 1 gene amplification such as fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 or TP53. At 1.5 mo after surgery, head magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the tumor had recurred. The patient received 60 Gy and 30 fractions of intensity modulated radiotherapy. The patient then received anlotinib 8 mg po qd for 1-14 d of a 21 d cycle. Following this regimen, the patient achieved stable disease for > 17 mo. Magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 year after surgery showed that the tumor had not progressed.
CONCLUSION This is the first reported case of SFT of the central nervous system treated with surgery, radiotherapy and anlotinib. This regimen may be an effective treatment option for malignant intracranial SFT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lan Su
- Department of Genetron Health, Genetron Health, Beijing 110024, China
| | - Yi-Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, China
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Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Ding X, Liang J, Xu H, Lin Y, Khan HH, Shi B. A New Way Out of the Predicament of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma From Existing Data Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:887906. [PMID: 35692397 PMCID: PMC9178175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.887906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an endocrine tumor with a low incidence but a very poor prognosis. The vast majority of patients have a survival time of only three to six months, but a few survive for two years or more. In recent years, there have been major breakthroughs in targeted and immunotherapy in the field of oncology therapy. Although the preliminary study for ATC showed a promising prospect, more clinical trials are needed. It is the best approach to explore the measures that can improve survival time of ATC from the available clinical data, especially those with long survival. METHODS We report on an 82-year-old ATC patient who survived for 3 years and systematically review the clinical characteristics of 45 ATC patients with complete data from the two largest centers in northwest China. In particular, factors related to long-term survival were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS Three years prior, an 82-year-old woman was diagnosed with ATC by core needle biopsy following a physical examination. The thyroid tumor was resected within one month, and then the patient was treated with radiotherapy. The patient was still healthy after three years of follow-up. Analysis of prognostic factors for the 45 reviewed patients showed that those undergoing radical surgery (median overall survival (OS) = 472 days, p = 0.0261) and radiotherapy (median OS = 220 days, p = 0.0136) had better outcomes. In addition, patients younger than 65 years (median OS = 164.5 days, p = 0.0176) and with a lower tumor stage (IV A, median OS = 633.5 days, p = 0.0191) also had a better outcome. CONCLUSION ATC is a highly malignant tumor, but timely early diagnosis and standardized treatment with radical surgery and radiotherapy as the core can achieve good results. Some patients can achieve long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Three wards of Department of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huayang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hamad Haider Khan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Bingyin Shi,
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Hu F, Guo L, Yu J, Dai D, Xiong Y, He Y, Zhou W. Using Patient-Derived Xenografts to Explore the Efficacy of Treating Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Anlotinib. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1610008. [PMID: 34955687 PMCID: PMC8696349 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1610008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The efficacy of anlotinib as a treatment for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been little explored. Here, we used patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to this end. Methods: Fresh tumor tissues of HNSCC patients were screened in terms of in vitro drug sensitivity using the MTT assay. Patient PDXs were used to confirm the anti-tumor effects of anlotinib in vivo. After the medication regimen was complete, the tumor volume changes in mice were calculated. Apoptosis was measured using the TUNEL assay. The cell proliferation and apoptosis levels of PDXs yielded data on the utility of anlotinib treatment in vivo. Results: Anlotinib suppressed the in vitro proliferation of nine tumor tissues by an average of 51.05 ± 13.74%. Anlotinib also significantly inhibited the growth of three PDXs in mice (tumor growth inhibition 79.02%). The expression levels of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen after anlotinib treatment were significantly lower than those in the controls. The negative and positive controls exhibited no and some apoptosis, respectively, whereas the anlotinib group evidenced extensive apoptosis. Conclusion: Anlotinib suppressed HNSCC growth in vitro and in vivo (by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis), suggesting that anlotinib can potentially treat HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nangchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nangchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jieqing Yu
- Jiangxi Institute of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanchang, China
| | - Daofeng Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nangchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nangchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanqiao He
- Laboratory Animal Science Center of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wensheng Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nangchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanchang, China
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Qian C, Jiang L, Xu S, Wang J, Tan Z, Xin Y, Ge M. Advances in targeted therapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:685-693. [PMID: 35347921 PMCID: PMC8931613 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly malignant and aggressive thyroid malignancy with rapid onset and poor prognosis. There is no effective treatment for ATC yet. Molecular targeted therapy provides a new idea for ATC treatment. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib has potential in treating ATC patients with favorable efficacy in clinical trials. The effectiveness of the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 () gene inhibitor dabrafenib in combination with trametinib for the treatment of positive ATC patients has been demonstrated in clinical trials. The has proposed dabrafenib in combination with trametinib as the preferred modality for the treatment of patients with positive ATC. The immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab can be applied to treat thyroid cancer with high tumor mutational load and may be considered as the preferred modality for the treatment of ATC patients with high programmed death ligand-1 expression. The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway inhibitors, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ agonists, endothelial growth factor receptors-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab and novel vascular blocker fosbretabulin are still in the clinical research stage, which are expected to provide new directions for the development of novel targeted drugs. This article reviews the current research progress on targeted drugs for the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Qian
- 1. Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui Province, China
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liehao Jiang
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shiying Xu
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 4. The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ying Xin
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Minghua Ge
- 1. Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui Province, China
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Lv B, Chen J, Liu XL. Anlotinib-Induced Hypertension: Current Concepts and Future Prospects. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:216-224. [PMID: 34620054 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211006145141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anlotinib is a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor developed in China that targets the receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and stem cell factor. Therefore, anlotinib inhibits tumor angiogenesis, representing a new therapeutic alternative for lung cancer. Hypertension is one of its most common adverse effects, leading to discontinuation of the drug and limited clinical usefulness. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to summarize the evidence on the prevalence, physiopathology, and management of anlotinib-induced hypertension, as well as its effect on the cancer prognosis. METHOD Searches in Medline, Cochrane Central Library, and Embase were performed using the following terms: anlotinib, adverse effect, hypertension, clinical trial, vascular endothelial growth factor, and antiangiogenic drugs. Citations were also identified by checking the reference sections of selected papers. RESULTS Except for a phase I clinical trial with a small sample size (n = 6), almost all the clinical trials on anlotinib have reported the development of anlotinib-induced hypertension. In these trials, the incidence of hypertension ranged from 13% to 67.7%, and that of grade 3/4 hypertension ranged from4.8% to 16%. Alterations in nitric oxide, endothelin-1, microvascular rarefaction, selective vasoconstrictions, and renal injury have been cited as potential mechanisms leading to anlotinib-induced hypertension. When needed, treatment may include general hygienic measures and pharmacotherapy in some cases. CONCLUSIONS To effectively manage anlotinib-induced hypertension, early prevention, a reasonable dosage regimen, and appropriate treatment are critical to effectively manage anlotinib-induced hypertension. Additionally, anlotinib-induced hypertension may be considered a marker for predicting efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lv
- Emergency Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Central Hospital of Tonghua, Tonghua, Jilin Province. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liu
- Emergency Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province. China
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Wei G, Shu X, Zhou Y, Liu X, Chen X, Qiu M. Intra-Abdominal Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: Current Treatment Options and Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705760. [PMID: 34604040 PMCID: PMC8479161 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor (IDSRCT) is a rare and highly malignant soft tissue neoplasm, which is characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. The mechanism underlying the development of this neoplasm remains elusive, but all cases are characterized by the chromosomal translocation t (11;22) (p13; q12), which results in a formation of EWSR1-WT1 gene fusion. The diagnosis of IDSRCT is often made with core-needle tissue biopsy specimens or laparoscopy or laparotomy. Immunohistochemical analyses have shown the co-expression of epithelial, neuronal, myogenic, and mesenchymal differentiation markers. FISH or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detecting EWS-WT1 fusion can be performed to assist in molecular confirmation. There is no standard of care for patients with IDSRCT currently, and majority of newly diagnosed patients received the aggressive therapy, which includes >90% resection of surgical debulking, high-dose alkylator-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. More recently, targeted therapy has been increasingly administered to recurrent IDSRCT patients and has been associated with improved survival in clinical conditions. Immunotherapy as a possible therapeutic strategy is being explored in patients with IDSRCT. In this review, we summarize currently available knowledge regarding the epidemiology, potential mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of IDSRCT to assist oncologists in comprehensively recognizing and accurately treating this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Wei
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyao Shu
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwen Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yang P, Meng G, Shu Q, Dong Y, Li C, Lu Y, Li J. A Short-Term Efficacy of Anlotinib in the Treatment of Refractory Nasopharyngeal Inverted Papilloma: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648895. [PMID: 34497754 PMCID: PMC8419350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, no studies have reported the use of anlotinib in the treatment of locally cancerous nasopharyngeal inverted papillomas that cannot be operated on or treated with radiotherapy. Here, we report a case of a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with recurrent local canceration of nasopharynx papilloma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the right parapharyngeal space, nasopharynx, and ethmoid sinus were changed, and recurrence was considered. There was no indication for surgery or radiotherapy. Imaging showed that the tumor had obvious enhancement and abundant blood vessels. Immunohistochemistry showed that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 expression was positive in papilloma tissue and in local canceration tissue of the papilloma. After the patient’s consent was obtained, anlotinib treatment was started in May and ended in November 2019. Then, the patient was treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with planning gross tumor volume (PGTV) 66 Gy, planning clinical tumor volume 1 (PCTV1) 60 Gy, and planning clinical tumor volume 2 (PCTV2) 54 Gy in 33 fractions. No disease recurrence was reported at 4 months after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuxia Shu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujiao Lu
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Fan S, Ge Y, Liu J, Liu H, Yan R, Gao T, Fan X, Xiao Z, An G. Combination of anlotinib and gemcitabine promotes the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in vitro. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23986. [PMID: 34462984 PMCID: PMC8529129 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant carcinoma with high rate of mortality. The current treatment is ineffective with poor survival time. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic drug regimens. The multi‐target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) anlotinib has been approved for treating non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the combined therapeutic regimen of anlotinib for ICC has not been investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of anlotinib and the mechanism of gemcitabine combination for ICC treatment. Methods Two ICC cell lines, HCCC‐9810 and RBE cells, were used in this study. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was used to study the cell viability, and flow cytometry (FCM) was used to evaluate the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Compusyn software was used to calculate the combination index (CI) of anlotinib and gemcitabine. The protein expression rate of cleaved PARP/PARP and cleaved caspase‐3/caspase‐3 was detected by Western blotting. Results Our result showed that the anlotinib and gemcitabine combination significantly inhibits the growth of ICC cell lines. Compusyn software results showed that the combination regimen had an anti‐tumor synergistic effect. FCM results showed that it promoted apoptosis. Moreover, it increased the protein expression rate of cleaved PARP/PARP and cleaved caspase‐3/caspase‐3. Finally, we found a synergistic anti‐tumor effect by increasing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Conclusion The combination of anlotinib and gemcitabine can increase the anti‐tumor effect and may be a potential therapeutic drug regimen in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Fan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heshu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianbo Gao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Fan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeru Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Gao Q, Tang S, Chen H, Chen H, Li X, Jiang Y, Fu S, Lin S. Intratumoral injection of anlotinib hydrogel enhances antitumor effects and reduces toxicity in mouse model of lung cancer. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1524-1534. [PMID: 33118422 PMCID: PMC7599023 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1837292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the antitumor effects and ability of an anlotinib (AL) hydrogel (AL–HA–Tyr) to reduce toxicity in a mouse model of Lewis lung cancer (LLC). We constructed a drug carrier system for AL, verified its effectiveness and systemic safety, and provided a preliminary experimental foundation for clinical carrier transformation. AL–HA–Tyr was prepared by encapsulating AL with hyaluronic acid–tyramine (HA–Tyr) conjugates. Colony and tube formation assays showed that AL–HA–Tyr restrained the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and LLC cells, respectively, in vitro, and that AL exerted significant anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor effects. The invasion and migration of HUVECs and LLC cells were efficiently suppressed by AL according to transwell assays. HUVEC and LLC cell-cycle and apoptosis analysis clarified the direct anti-tumor effects of AL–HA–Tyr. Mice engrafted with LLC cells in vivo were administered oral saline, oral AL, or an intratumoral injection of HA–Tyr or AL–HA–Tyr. The results showed that AL–HA–Tyr obviously reduced visceral toxicity and decreased Ki67 and VEGF-A expression in tumor cells compared with AL. Furthermore, AL–HA–Tyr significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Overall, AL–HA–Tyr enhanced antitumor effects and reduced toxicity in the LLC model. It provided a foundation for the clinical transformation of drug carrier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - XiaoJie Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - YiQing Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - ShaoZhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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The role of anlotinib-mediated EGFR blockade in a positive feedback loop of CXCL11-EGF-EGFR signalling in anaplastic thyroid cancer angiogenesis. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:390-401. [PMID: 34088989 PMCID: PMC8328993 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-induced angiogenesis functions importantly in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) progression. However, the therapeutic potential of broad-spectrum anti-angiogenic agent remains undefined. Anlotinib conventionally targets VEGFR, FGFR and PDGFR. Here, a novel role of anlotinib on ATC angiogenesis was illustrated. METHODS Molecular expressions were established via tissue microarray. Multiple assays (tubule formation, 3D sprouting and chicken chorioallantoic membrane model) were used for angiogenic evaluation. Panels of molecular screening were achieved by antibody and PCR arrays. The loop binding motif of EGFR for homology modelling was prepared using Maestro. RESULTS Anlotinib could dose- and time-dependently inhibit cell viability under normoxia and hypoxia and could repress hypoxia-activated angiogenesis more efficiently in vitro and in vivo. CXCL11 and phospho-EGFR were hypoxia-upregulated with a positive correlation. The cancer-endothelium crosstalk could be mediated by the positive CXCL11-EGF-EGFR feedback loop, which could be blocked by anlotinib directly targeting EGFR via a dual mechanism by simultaneous inhibitory effects on cancer and endothelial cells. The AKT-mTOR pathway was involved in this regulatory network. CONCLUSIONS The newly identified CXCL11-EGF-EGFR signalling provided mechanistic insight into the interaction between cancer and endothelial cells under hypoxia, and EGFR was a novel target. Anlotinib may be the encouraging therapeutic candidate in ATC.
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Geng X, Sun Y, Fu J, Cao L, Li Y. MicroRNA-17-5p inhibits thyroid cancer progression by suppressing Early growth response 2 (EGR2). Bioengineered 2021; 12:2713-2722. [PMID: 34130587 PMCID: PMC8806695 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1935137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-17-5p has been proved that play important roles in many kinds of tumors progression. This study aimed at explore the function and mechanism of miR-17-5p in thyroid cancer (TC). RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-17-5p and Early growth response 2 (EGR2) expression in TC tissues and cells. CCK8 and colony formation assay were used to analyze cell proliferation. Cell migration and cell invasion was detected by Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. Detection of protein expression using Western blot analysis. Dual-Luciferase assay was used to analyze the relationship between miR-17-5p and EGR2. In vivo experiment was performed by establishing Xenograft animal model to observe the function of miR-17-5p. We found that miR-17-5p is significantly increased in thyroid cancer tissues and cells. miR-17-5p inhibition repressed cell proliferation, clonal formation, cell migration, and cell invasion in thyroid carcinoma. Moreover, miR-17-5p inhibition suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo. Dual-Luciferase assay and Western blotting assay further proved that miR-17-5p has a negative regulation to EGR2. EGR2 was decreased in TC tissues and cells. Overexpressed EGR2 inhibited the development of thyroid carcinoma both vivo and in vivo. EGR2 knockdown remarkably decreased the anti-cancer effect of miR-17-5p inhibition. miR-17-5p is a thyroid cancer oncomir by modulation of the EGR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Geng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - YangYang Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - JinJin Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Luo Q, Zhang S, Zhang D, Feng R, Li N, Chen W, Chen X, Yang S. Effects and Mechanisms of Anlotinib and Dihydroartemisinin Combination Therapy in Ameliorating Malignant Biological Behavior of Gastric Cancer Cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:523-533. [PMID: 32576126 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200623132803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric Cancer (GC) is currently one of the major malignancies that threaten human lives and health. Anlotinib is a novel small-molecule that inhibits angiogenesis to exert antitumor effects. However, its function in gastric cancer is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of anlotinib combined with Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. METHODS Different concentrations of anlotinib and DHA were used to treat SGC7901 gastric cancer cells, after which cell proliferation was measured. Drug interactions of anlotinib and DHA were analyzed by the Chou-Talalay method with CompuSyn software. Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, flow cytometry, Transwell invasion assays, scratch assays, and chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assays. Proliferation- associated protein (Ki67), apoptosis-related protein (Bcl-2), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) were quantified by Western blotting. RESULTS The combination of 2.5 μmol/L of anlotinib and 5 of μmol/L DHA was highly synergistic in inhibiting cell growth, significantly increased the apoptosis rate and suppressed obviously the invasion and migration capability and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells. In addition, the expression levels of Ki67, Bcl-2, and VEGF-A, as well as angiogenesis, were significantly decreased in the Combination of drugs compared with control and either drug alone. CONCLUSION The combination of anlotinib and DHA showed synergistic antitumor activity, suggesting their potential in treating patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- Departments of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Suyun Zhang
- Departments of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Donghuan Zhang
- Departments of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Departments of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Wujin Chen
- Departments of Oncology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xiangqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Departments of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
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40
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Li S. Anlotinib: A Novel Targeted Drug for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664853. [PMID: 34094958 PMCID: PMC8173120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue sarcomas account for approximately 15% of pediatric solid malignant tumors and 1% of adult solid malignant tumors. There are over 50 subtypes of sarcomas, each of which is notably heterogeneous and manifested by remarkable phenotypic and morphological variability. Anlotinib is a novel oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. In comparison with the placebo, anlotinib was associated with better overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) in a phase III trial of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), albeit with cancer progression after two previous lines of treatment. Recently, the National Medical Products Administration approved anlotinib monotherapy as a third-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC. Additionally, a phase IIB randomized trial substantiated that anlotinib is associated with a significant longer median PFS in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Moreover, anlotinib is also effective in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Anlotinib has similar tolerability to other TKIs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and other tyrosine kinase-mediated pathways. However, anlotinib has a notably lower rate of side effects ≥grade 3 relative to sunitinib. This review discussed the remarkable characteristics and major dilemmas of anlotinib as a targeted therapy for sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, China
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41
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Li Z, Tian J, Du L, Gao Y, Wang Y, You F, Wang L. Anlotinib exerts anti-cancer efficiency on lung cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo through reducing NF-κB activity. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5547-5559. [PMID: 33955683 PMCID: PMC8184695 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anlotinib is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Previous studies confirmed that anlotinib exerts anti-cancer efficiency. However, the functional roles of anlotinib on cancer stem cells (CSCs) are yet to be elucidated. In this study, lung CSCs were isolated and identified in vitro, and mouse xenografts were established in vivo. MTT assays, tumour sphere formation assays, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot were performed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of anlotinib on lung CSCs. The results showed that anlotinib inhibits the growth of lung CSCs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, anlotinib induced apoptosis of these cells along with down-regulated expression level of Bcl-2 whereas up-regulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression. It also sensitized lung CSCs to the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and paclitaxel; the tumour sphere formation and expression levels of multiple stemness-associated markers, such as ALDH1 and CD133, were also decreased. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism indicated that anlotinib reduces the phosphorylated levels of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α in lung CSCs. Taken together, these findings suggested that anlotinib exerts potent anti-cancer effects against lung CSCs through apoptotic induction and stemness phenotypic attenuation. The mechanism could be associated with the suppression of NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohong Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juncai Tian
- Lung Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gui L, Liu S, Zhang Y, Shi Y. A Remarkable and Durable Response to Sintilimab and Anlotinib in the First-Line Treatment of an Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma without Targetable Genomic Alterations: A Case Report. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2741-2746. [PMID: 33907417 PMCID: PMC8068508 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s305196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare and highly aggressive fatal tumor. Most ATC patients using traditional surgery or radio-chemotherapy have poor prognosis and experience recurrence in a very short time. There is no optimal therapy for ATC, and the median survival time is about 5 months. We report a 67-year-old ATC patient, who experienced rapid local recurrence after radical thyroidectomy. The resected tumor tissue was sent for immunohistochemistry analysis and targeted next-generation sequencing. The results indicated high PD-L1 expression, a tumor mutation burden of 0.48 muts/Mb, microsatellite stable, and somatic mutations of TERT promoter, EIF1AX, NRAS and TP53. However, none of the mutations indicated corresponding target therapy. An immediate operation was unsuitable because of rapid recurrence after surgery. The patient was also not in a condition to tolerate chemotherapy. Based on the high expression of PD-L1, an optimum strategy was used, combining immunotherapeutic agent, sintilimab, with an anti-angiogenesis drug, anlotinib. The patient obtained remarkable tumor shrinkage and an 18.3-month-sustained remission period. This is an effective case of using immunotherapy and anti-angiogenesis agent in the first-line treatment of ATC. It demonstrates a feasible and novel therapeutic option for future treatment of ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Hou X, Shi X, Zhang W, Li D, Hu L, Yang J, Zhao J, Wei S, Wei X, Ruan X, Zheng X, Gao M. LDHA induces EMT gene transcription and regulates autophagy to promote the metastasis and tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:347. [PMID: 33795650 PMCID: PMC8017009 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common kinds of endocrine-related cancer and has a heterogeneous prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancers. Aberrant glucose metabolism is associated with malignant biological behavior. However, the functions and mechanisms of glucose metabolism genes in PTC are not fully understood. Thus, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were analyzed, and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) was determined to be a potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for PTCs. The research objective was to investigate the expression of LDHA in PTCs and to explore the main functions and relative mechanisms of LDHA in PTCs. Higher expression levels of LDHA were found in PTC tissues than in normal thyroid tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Higher expression levels of LDHA were correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. Moreover, we found that LDHA not only promoted PTC migration and invasion but also enhanced tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we revealed that the metabolic products of LDHA catalyzed induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by increasing the relative gene H3K27 acetylation. Moreover, LDHA knockdown activated the AMPK pathway and induced protective autophagy. An autophagy inhibitor significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of FX11. These results suggested that LDHA enhanced the cell metastasis and proliferation of PTCs and may therefore become a potential therapeutic target for PTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiukun Hou
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xianle Shi
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Dapeng Li
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Linfei Hu
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Jihong Yang
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Jingzhu Zhao
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Songfeng Wei
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xi Wei
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Ming Gao
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
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Su Y, Cheng S, Qian J, Zhang M, Li T, Zhang Y, Diao C, Zhang L, Cheng R. Case Report: Anlotinib Therapy in a Patient With Recurrent and Metastatic RAIR-DTC Harboring Coexistent TERT Promoter and BRAF V600E Mutations. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626076. [PMID: 33842329 PMCID: PMC8024690 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of recurrent and metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) treated with anlotinib in this report. The patient was randomized to placebo initially, after disease progressed at C8 (C is the treatment cycle), the patient was referred to the open label therapy of anlotinib, 12 mg p.o. daily with a 2-week on/1-week off regimen. Partial response was achieved at C2 with anlotinib treatment. To date, over 37 months of progression-free survival (PFS) has been achieved. Adverse effects were tolerable and manageable in this patient. Molecular characterization revealed coexistent C228T mutation of TERT promoter and BRAFV600E mutations. Favorable clinical outcome in this patient suggests that anlotinib might provide a novel effective therapeutic option for patients with RAIR-DTC. TERT and BRAFV600E mutations may represent as biomarker for predicting salutary effects of anlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shaohao Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tuanli Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Diao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruochuan Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Lorusso L, Cappagli V, Valerio L, Giani C, Viola D, Puleo L, Gambale C, Minaldi E, Campopiano MC, Matrone A, Bottici V, Agate L, Molinaro E, Elisei R. Thyroid Cancers: From Surgery to Current and Future Systemic Therapies through Their Molecular Identities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3117. [PMID: 33803747 PMCID: PMC8003273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) are commonly and successfully treated with total thyroidectomy plus/minus radioiodine therapy (RAI). Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is only treated with surgery but only intrathyroidal tumors are cured. The worst prognosis is for anaplastic (ATC) and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC). Whenever a local or metastatic advanced disease is present, other treatments are required, varying from local to systemic therapies. In the last decade, the efficacy of the targeted therapies and, in particular, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been demonstrated. They can prolong the disease progression-free survival and represent the most important therapeutic option for the treatment of advanced and progressive thyroid cancer. Currently, lenvatinib and sorafenib are the approved drugs for the treatment of RAI-refractory DTC and PDTC while advanced MTC can be treated with either cabozantinib or vandetanib. Dabrafenib plus trametinib is the only approved treatment by FDA for BRAFV600E mutated ATC. A new generation of TKIs, specifically for single altered oncogenes, is under evaluation in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the current and future treatments of thyroid cancer with regards to the advanced and progressive cases that require systemic therapies that are becoming more and more targeted on the molecular identity of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rossella Elisei
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.L.); (V.C.); (L.V.); (C.G.); (D.V.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (M.C.C.); (A.M.); (V.B.); (L.A.); (E.M.)
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Gao Q, Jiang Y, Li X, Chen H, Tang S, Chen H, Shi X, Chen Y, Fu S, Lin S. Intratumoral Injection of Anlotinib Hydrogel Combined With Radiotherapy Reduces Hypoxia in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Xenografts: Assessment by Micro Fluorine-18-fluoromisonidazole Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Hypoxia Imaging. Front Oncol 2021; 11:628895. [PMID: 33777779 PMCID: PMC7994889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.628895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that increases tumor invasiveness and resistance to radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. Local application of anlotinib (AL) might increase the regulation of new blood vessel growth and improve tumor hypoxia in RT. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the drug delivery system of AL. Herein, we applied hypoxia imaging using micro fluorine-18-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography/computed tomography (micro 18F-FMISO PET/CT) to assess responses to intratumoral injections of an AL hydrogel (AL-HA-Tyr) combined with RT in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). We formed AL-HA-Tyr by encapsulating AL with hyaluronic acid-tyramine (HA-Tyr) conjugates via the oxidative coupling of tyramine moieties catalyzed by H2O2 and horseradish peroxidase. AL-HA-Tyr restrained the proliferation of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) in colony formation assays in vitro (p < 0.001). We established a subcutaneous LLC xenograft model using C57BL/6J mice that were randomly assigned to six groups that were treated with AL, HA-Tyr, AL-HA-Tyr, RT, and RT+AL-HA-Tyr, or untreated (controls). Tumor volume and weight were dynamically measured. Post treatment changes in hypoxia were assessed in some mice using micro 18F-FMISO PET/CT, and survival was assessed in others. We histopathologically examined toxicity in visceral tissues and Ki-67, VEGF-A, γ-H2AX, and HIF-1α expression using immunohistochemistry. Direct intratumoral injections of AL-HA-Tyr exerted anti-tumor effects and improved hypoxia like orally administered AL (p > 0.05), but reduced visceral toxicity and prolonged survival. The uptake of 18F-FMISO did not significantly differ among the AL, AL-HA-Tyr, and RT+AL-HA-Tyr treated groups. Compared with the other agents, RT+AL-HA-Tyr decreased HIF-1α, Ki67, and VEGF-A expression, and increased γ-H2AX levels in tumor cells. Overall, compared with AL and AL-HA-Tyr, RT+AL-HA-Tyr improved tumor hypoxia, enhanced anti-tumor effects, and prolonged the survival of mice bearing LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - YiQing Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - XiaoJie Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - XiangXiang Shi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - ShaoZhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Sun W, Zou X, Zhang W, Hu S, Ge K. [Clinical efficacy of anlotinib plus S-1 as a second-line therapy for recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:250-255. [PMID: 33624599 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of anlotinib plus S-1 for treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with failed first-line chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE Twenty-six patients with recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who experienced progression after first-line paclitaxel plus platinum chemotherapy in our hospital between July, 2018 and February, 2020 were enrolled in this study. The patients received oral anlotinib along with S-1 treatment (anlotinib at 12 mg once daily and S-1 at 50 mg twice daily for two weeks; 3 weeks per cycle). The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse effects were evaluated for all the patients. OBJECTIVE No complete remission (CR) was observed in the 26 patients. Partial remission (PR) was achieved in 6 cases, stable disease (SD) in 12 cases, and progressive disease (PD) occurred in 8 cases, with an ORR of 23.1% and a DCR of 69.2% in these patients. The median PFS was 4.5 months (95%CI: 2.7-6.4 months). Univariate analysis showed that the patients with moderate or high tumor differentiation had significantly longer PFS than those with low tumor differentiation (6.1 months vs 1.9 months, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested that pathological differentiation grade (HR=6.778, 95%CI: 1.997-23.012) was an independent factor for a prolonged PFS. The adverse effects in the patients included mainly fatigue, hypertension and hand-foot syndrome, mostly of grade 1 to 2. OBJECTIVE Patients with recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can benefit from a second-line anlotinib plus S-1 treatment, which has relatively mild adverse effects with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - X Zou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - S Hu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - K Ge
- Depaetment of Oncology, Liyang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine Liyang Branch, Liyang 213300, China
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Luo Q, Guo F, Fu Q, Sui G. hsa_circ_0001018 promotes papillary thyroid cancer by facilitating cell survival, invasion, G 1/S cell cycle progression, and repressing cell apoptosis via crosstalk with miR-338-3p and SOX4. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:591-609. [PMID: 33898108 PMCID: PMC8054110 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We identified a novel interactome, circ_0001018/miR-338-3p/SOX4, in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and we intended to confirm the regulatory relationship between the three and to study the effects of the three in PTC. The bioinformatics method was used to screen out the circular RNA and mRNA of interest. A cellular fractionation assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay were conducted to prove that circ_0001018 and CCT4 (the host gene of circ_0001018) mRNA primarily localized in the cytoplasm of PTC cell lines. By qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of circ_0001018 and SOX4 mRNA was found upregulated while the expression of miR-338-3p was found downregulated in PTC tissues and cells. circ_0001018 silence significantly inhibited the tumor growth in xenografted nude mice. A series of cytological experiments such as a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, a 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, cell cycle profiling, wound healing, a transwell assay, and cell apoptosis were conducted and showed that circ_0001018 and SOX4 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, inhibited cell apoptosis, and reduced the cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in PTC cells. Compared with circ_0001018 and SOX4, miR-338-3p held the opposite function. The regulatory relationship between circ_0001018 and miR-338-3p, and between miR-338-3p and SOX4 mRNA, was validated using a luciferase reporter gene assay and/or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP assay). Our findings showed that circ_0001018 acted as the tumor promoter via sponging miR-338-3p to elevate SOX4 expression level in PTC. Importantly, this novel circ_0001018/miR-338-3p/SOX4 axis has the potential to be considered as a therapy target for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Qingfeng Fu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Guoqing Sui
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
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Deng Z, Liao W, Wei W, Zhong G, He C, Zhang H, Liu Q, Xu X, Liang J, Liu Z. Anlotinib as a promising inhibitor on tumor growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma through cell apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:37. [PMID: 33422069 PMCID: PMC7796634 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been one of the most malignant cancers in head and neck region. Anlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting several receptors such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Kit. Here we investigated whether Anlotinib have any antitumor effect on oral cancer and tried to explore and explain the possible mechanism. Methods Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus and Gene Expression Omnibus database was collected to analyze the relationship between the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor receptor 2 and the overall survival rate of OSCC. Oral cancer cell lines Cal-27 and SCC-25 were cultured to conduct all the experiments. In vitro experiments such as CCK-8, colony formation, cell cycle assay and cell apoptosis assay were conducted to detect cell proliferation ability and the change of cell phase and apoptosis. Proteins concerning cell cycle and cell apoptosis were visualized via western blot. α-Tubulin were visualized via immunofluorescence to detect cells undergoing mitotic catastrophe. Results Higher expression of VEGFR-2 was significantly related to poorer prognosis. Experiment in vitro demonstrated that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited(p < 0.05) after Anlotinib administration and G2/M arrest and apoptosis were both detected in both cell lines. Cycle-related proteins promoting cell cycle progression and proteins related to cell survival were downregulated in Anlotinib group compared to the control group. Cell-death-related biomarker and phosphorylated histone 3 were upregulated in expression in Anlotinib group. Abnormal spindle apparatus was observed in cells undergoing mitotic catastrophe. Conclusions Anlotinib could exert an antitumor effect on oral cancer cell lines via apoptotic pathway and mitotic catastrophe pattern, presenting a promising potential therapy for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Deng
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guihua Zhong
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao He
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaodan Liu
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiwei Xu
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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Zhi J, Zhang P, Zhang W, Ruan X, Tian M, Guo S, Zhang W, Zheng X, Zhao L, Gao M. Inhibition of BRAF Sensitizes Thyroid Carcinoma to Immunotherapy by Enhancing tsMHCII-mediated Immune Recognition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:91-107. [PMID: 32936899 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Multiple mechanisms play roles in restricting the ability of T-cells to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. OBJECTIVE To identify immune escape mechanisms involved in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to optimize immunotherapy. SETTING AND DESIGN iTRAQ analysis was conducted to identify proteins differentially expressed in PTC samples with or without BRAFV600E mutation. Molecular mechanisms regulating tumor cell evasion were investigated by in vitro modulations of BRAF/MAPK and related pathways. The pathological significance of identified tumor-specific major histocompatibility complex class II (tsMHCII) molecules in mediating tumor cell immune escape and targeted immune therapy was further evaluated in a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous thyroid cancer. RESULTS Proteomic analysis showed that tsMHCII level was significantly lower in BRAFV600E-associated PTCs and negatively correlated with BRAF mutation status. Constitutive activation of BRAF decreased tsMHCII surface expression on tumor cells, which inhibited activation of CD4+ T-cells and led to immune escape. Pathway analysis indicated that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/SMAD3-mediated repression of tsMHCII, which could be reversed by BRAF inhibition (BRAFi). Targeting this pathway with a combined therapy of BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 and anti-PD-1 antibody efficiently blocked tumor growth by increasing CD4+ T-cell infiltration in a transgenic PTC mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BRAFV600E mutation in PTC impairs the expression of tsMHCII through the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway to enhance immune escape. Combined treatment with PLX4032 and anti-PD-1 antibody promotes recognition and elimination of PTC by the immune system in a pre-clinical mouse model, and therefore offers an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced PTC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/physiology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mutation, Missense
- Nivolumab/administration & dosage
- Nivolumab/pharmacology
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/drug therapy
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/immunology
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/immunology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Vemurafenib/administration & dosage
- Vemurafenib/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtai Zhi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peitao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengran Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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