1
|
Jia X, Li J, Jiang Z. Association between thyroid disorders and extra-thyroidal cancers, a review. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03434-3. [PMID: 38491294 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone has been shown to have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing actions, which has led to significant debate over its involvement in the development of cancer. Proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness, and angiogenesis are all aspects of cancer that are affected by the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, according to research conducted in animal models and in vitro experiments. The effects of thyroid hormones on cancer cells are mediated by many non-genomic mechanisms, one of which involves the activation of the plasma membrane receptor integrin αvβ3. Typically, abnormal amounts of thyroid hormones are linked to a higher occurrence of cancer. Both benign and malignant thyroid disorders were found to be associated with an increased risk of extra-thyroidal malignancies, specifically colon, breast, prostate, melanoma, and lung cancers. The purpose of this review was to shed light on this link to define which types of cancer are sensitive to thyroid hormones and, as a result, are anticipated to respond favorably to treatment of the thyroid hormone axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou Health Vocational College, Zhengzhou, 410005, China
| | - Jingru Li
- Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou Health Vocational College, Zhengzhou, 410005, China.
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou Health Vocational College, Zhengzhou, 410005, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hernandez A, Martinez ME, Chaves C, Anselmo J. Epigenetic developmental programming and intergenerational effects of thyroid hormones. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:23-49. [PMID: 36863795 PMCID: PMC10938172 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence is showing that altered signaling through the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily can cause abnormal, long-term epigenetic changes which translate into pathological modifications and susceptibility to disease. These effects seem to be more prominent if the exposure occurs early in life, when transcriptomic profiles are rapidly changing. At this time, the coordination of the complex coordinated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation that characterize mammalian development. Such exposures may also alter the epigenetic information of the germ line, potentially leading to developmental changes and abnormal outcomes in subsequent generations. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is mediated by specific nuclear receptors, which have the ability to markedly change chromatin structure and gene transcription, and can also regulate other determinants of epigenetic marks. TH exhibits pleiotropic effects in mammals, and during development, its action is regulated in a highly dynamic manner to suit the rapidly evolving needs of multiple tissues. Their molecular mechanisms of action, timely developmental regulation and broad biological effects place THs in a central position to play a role in the developmental epigenetic programming of adult pathophysiology and, through effects on the germ line, in inter- and trans-generational epigenetic phenomena. These areas of epigenetic research are in their infancy, and studies regarding THs are limited. In the context of their characteristics as epigenetic modifiers and their finely tuned developmental action, here we review some of the observations underscoring the role that altered TH action may play in the developmental programming of adult traits and in the phenotypes of subsequent generations via germ line transmission of altered epigenetic information. Considering the relatively high prevalence of thyroid disease and the ability of some environmental chemicals to disrupt TH action, the epigenetic effects of abnormal levels of TH action may be important contributors to the non-genetic etiology of human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, United States; Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - M Elena Martinez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Carolina Chaves
- Serviço de Endocrinologia e Nutrição, Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Joao Anselmo
- Serviço de Endocrinologia e Nutrição, Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang Y, Jia X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yao X, Bai Y, Han P, Chen S, Yang A, Gao R. Evaluation of integrin α vβ 3-targeted imaging for predicting disease progression in patients with high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (using 99mTc-3PRGD 2). Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:72. [PMID: 36536432 PMCID: PMC9764676 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) needs effective early prediction tools to improving clinical management and prognosis. This cohort study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of 99mTc-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2) SPECT/CT in high-risk DTC patients after initial radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. METHODS Thirty-three patients with high-risk DTC were prospectively recruited; all patients underwent total thyroidectomy and received 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT before RAI ablation. Follow-up was done with serological and imaging studies. The correlation between 99mTc-3PRGD2 avidity and remission rate for initial RAI therapy was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The prognostic value of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS 99mTc-3PRGD2 avidity was significantly correlated with the efficacy of initial RAI ablation and an effective predictor for non-remission in high-risk DTC (OR = 9.36; 95% CI = 1.10-79.83; P = 0.041). 99mTc-3PRGD2 avidity was associated with poor prognosis in patients with high-risk DTC and an independent prognostic factor for shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 9.47; 95% CI = 1.08-83.20; P = 0.043). Survival analysis, which was performed between DTC patients with concordant (131I positive/99mTc-3PRGD2 positive) and discordant (131I negative/99mTc-3PRGD2 positive) lesions, indicated that patients with concordant lesions had significantly better PFS than those with discordant lesions (P = 0.022). Moreover, compared with repeated RAI, additional surgery or targeted therapy with multikinase inhibitors could lead to a higher rate of remission in 99mTc-3PRGD2-positive patients with progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT is a useful modality in predicting progression of the disease after initial RAI and guiding further treatment in high-risk DTC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Liang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Jia
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Liu
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaobao Yao
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanxia Bai
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Han
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Si Chen
- Foshan Atomical Medical Equipment Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Gao
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim Y, Koh JS, Woo SD, Lee SI, Kang DH, Park D, Chung C, Kwon IS, Lee JE. The Tri-iodothyronine (T3) Level Is a Prognostic Factor for Patients With Advanced NSCLC: Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Is Associated With Liver Metastasis. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2022; 16:11795549221139522. [PMID: 36532699 PMCID: PMC9751177 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221139522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine hormones influence tumor progression and the response to treatment. Despite the importance of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), few studies have explored the effects of hormone levels in NSCLC patients on the effectiveness of ICI therapies. We thus investigated the effects of baseline blood markers in patients with advanced NSCLC on ICI treatments. METHODS Patients with advanced NSCLC who received programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors at Chungnam National University Hospital between December 2016 and November 2020 and who lacked any history of thyroid gland-related diseases were analyzed retrospectively. We collected clinical information and baseline laboratory data, including the levels of endocrine hormones, cytokines, complete blood counts (CBCs), and peripheral blood chemistry panels. We explored the relationships of hormone levels with clinical outcomes (overall survival [OS], progression-free survival [PFS], and best response), liver metastasis, and blood markers using the Kaplan-Meier method, Cox's proportional hazards regression, and logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 113 patients were enrolled. A shorter PFS was independently associated with liver metastasis, higher cortisol levels, and lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels; a shorter OS was associated with liver metastasis, lower tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels, higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and lower albumin levels. Patients with low T3 levels exhibited a shorter PFS and OS, and a poorer best response. Patients with low T3 levels tended to have higher disease progression rates, lower levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), C-peptide, albumin, Hb, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6, white blood cells, platelets, compared with those with normal T3 levels. We found a significant association between a low T3 level and liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS We found the baseline T3 level was associated with both prognosis and the response to ICIs in patients with advanced NSCLC, probably reflecting impaired liver function and systemic inflammation induced by the interaction of T3 with other biomarkers, such as IL-6, ACTH, cortisol, C-peptide, Hb, LDH, and albumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjoo Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Suk Koh
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Dae Woo
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-I Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Kwon
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuiper JG, Fenneman AC, van der Spek AH, Rampanelli E, Nieuwdorp M, van Herk-Sukel MPP, Lemmens VEPP, Kuipers EJ, Herings RMC, Fliers E. Levothyroxine use and the risk of colorectal cancer: a large population-based case-control study. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0463.R1. [PMID: 34860178 PMCID: PMC8789018 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether an association between oral levothyroxine use, leading to supraphysiological exposure of the colon to thyroid hormones, and risk of colorectal cancer exists in humans is unclear. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use of levothyroxine is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in a linked cohort of pharmacy and cancer data. DESIGN Population-based matched case-control study. METHODS A total of 28,121 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1998 and 2014 were matched to 106,086 controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between levothyroxine use and occurrence of colorectal cancer, adjusted for potential confounders. Results were stratified by gender, age, tumour subtype, and staging, as well as treatment duration and dosing. RESULTS A total of 1066 colorectal cancer patients (4%) and 4024 (4%) controls had used levothyroxine at any point before index date (adjusted odds ratio 0.95 (0.88-1.01)). Long-term use of levothyroxine was seen in 323 (30%) colorectal cancer patients and 1111 (28%) controls (adjusted odds ratio 1.00 (0.88-1.13)). Stratification by tumour subsite showed a borderline significant risk reduction of rectal cancer, while this was not seen for proximal colon cancer or distal colon cancer. There was no relationship with treatment duration or with levothyroxine dose. CONCLUSIONS In this study, no reduced risk of colorectal cancer was seen in levothyroxine users. When stratifying by tumour subsite, a borderline significant risk reduction of rectal cancer was found and may warrant further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephina G Kuiper
- PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, AE Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Correspondence should be addressed to J G Kuiper:
| | - Aline C Fenneman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne H van der Spek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe P P van Herk-Sukel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Valery E P P Lemmens
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron M C Herings
- PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, AE Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deligiorgi MV, Trafalis DT. The Intriguing Thyroid Hormones-Lung Cancer Association as Exemplification of the Thyroid Hormones-Cancer Association: Three Decades of Evolving Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:436. [PMID: 35008863 PMCID: PMC8745569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exemplifying the long-pursued thyroid hormones (TH)-cancer association, the TH-lung cancer association is a compelling, yet elusive, issue. The present narrative review provides background knowledge on the molecular aspects of TH actions, with focus on the contribution of TH to hallmarks of cancer. Then, it provides a comprehensive overview of data pertinent to the TH-lung cancer association garnered over the last three decades and identifies obstacles that need to be overcome to enable harnessing this association in the clinical setting. TH contribute to all hallmarks of cancer through integration of diverse actions, currently classified according to molecular background. Despite the increasingly recognized implication of TH in lung cancer, three pending queries need to be resolved to empower a tailored approach: (1) How to stratify patients with TH-sensitive lung tumors? (2) How is determined whether TH promote or inhibit lung cancer progression? (3) How to mimic the antitumor and/or abrogate the tumor-promoting TH actions in lung cancer? To address these queries, research should prioritize the elucidation of the crosstalk between TH signaling and oncogenic signaling implicated in lung cancer initiation and progression, and the development of efficient, safe, and feasible strategies leveraging this crosstalk in therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Deligiorgi
- Department of Pharmacology—Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Building 16, 1st Floor, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mathew A, Führer D, Lahner H. Sunitinib-Induced Hypothyroidism and Survival in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:794-800. [PMID: 34891209 DOI: 10.1055/a-1658-3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib has been approved for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, renal-cell carcinoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone serum levels is a common side effect. Studies suggest a correlation between sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism and treatment outcome in patients with renal-cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This study assessed whether sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism is a predictive marker of the objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients. Twenty-nine patients treated with sunitinib for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were included. The incidence of sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism was 33%. The median progression-free survival of patients who developed hypothyroidism was 16 months (95% confidence interval: 6.2-25.8 months) as compared with six months among euthyroid patients (95% confidence interval: 0.1-12.2 months) (p=0.02). The median overall survival was 77 months (95% confidence interval: 31.4-122.6 months) in hypothyroid patients but 12 months (95% confidence interval: 5.9-18.1 months) in subjects with euthyroidism (p=0.001). The median overall survival from the time of initial diagnosis ranged from 247 months in patients with hypothyroidism to 65 months in euthyroid subjects (p=0.015). Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are a prognostic biomarker of improved outcomes of sunitinib therapy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Mathew
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Lahner
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frantsiyants E, Kaplieva I, Bandovkina V, Trepitaki L, Surikova E, Neskubina I, Pogorelova J, Cheryarina N, Shikhlyarova A, Kharagezov D, Vlasov S, Luganskaya R, Bosenko E. Stellanin: a promising medical drug for accompanying therapy in lung cancer treatment. CARDIOMETRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2021.20.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the cancer prevention measures involves the correctionof the altered functions of the body’s regulatory systems. Manymalignant tumors are accompanied by the thyroid system dysfunction.The aim of our study was to reveal an effect of an iodine-containingdrug on the development of a tumor process in thelungs and the level of thyroid hormones in blood and the thyroidgland in male rats.Material and methods. Outbred white male rats were dividedinto the following groups: a group of intact animals (n=7); acomparison group – 5 weeks after an intravenous inoculationof sarcoma 45 (S45) at 2*106 (n=7); a main group – 5 weeks afteran intravenous inoculation of S45 and intragastric administrationof Stellanin at a single dose of 0.4 mg/kg within an hourafter the inoculation (n=10). RIA was used to determine levels offree (F) and total triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in theblood serum and the thyroid.Results. The lungs of rats in the comparison group were totallyaffected by the tumor, and the thyroid gland showed asharp decrease in the levels of all hormone forms: T4 – by 18.7times, T3 – by 8.5 times, FТ4 – by 8.1 times, FТ3 – by 21.3 times,while only FТ4 and FТ3 decreased in blood by 2.5 and 1.5 times,respectively (p<0.05). No tumor lesions were detected in thelungs of rats of the main group, and the hormone levels exceededthe levels in the comparison group: in the thyroid, FT4by 3.7, T4 by 15.0 and T3 by 6.0 times; in blood, FT4 by 3.3 andFT3 by 1.7 times.Conclusions. The effect of Stellanin inhibiting malignantgrowth of S45 in the lungs is accompanied by the restoration oflow levels of thyroid hormones in the thyroid and blood.
Collapse
|
9
|
Stott Bond NL, Dréau D, Marriott I, Bennett JM, Turner MJ, Arthur ST, Marino JS. Low-Dose Metformin as a Monotherapy Does Not Reduce Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Burden in Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111685. [PMID: 34829914 PMCID: PMC8615566 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up 80-85% of lung cancer diagnoses. Lung cancer patients undergo surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and/or radiation. Chemotherapy and radiation can induce deleterious systemic side effects, particularly within skeletal muscle. To determine whether metformin reduces NSCLC tumor burden while maintaining skeletal muscle health, C57BL/6J mice were injected with Lewis lung cancer (LL/2), containing a bioluminescent reporter for in vivo tracking, into the left lung. Control and metformin (250 mg/kg) groups received treatments twice weekly. Skeletal muscle was analyzed for changes in genes and proteins related to inflammation, muscle mass, and metabolism. The LL/2 model effectively mimics lung cancer growth and tumor burden. The in vivo data indicate that metformin as administered was not associated with significant improvement in tumor burden in this immunocompetent NSCLC model. Additionally, metformin was not associated with significant changes in key tumor cell division and inflammation markers, or improved skeletal muscle health. Metformin treatment, while exhibiting anti-neoplastic characteristics in many cancers, appears not to be an appropriate monotherapy for NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Future studies should pursue co-treatment modalities, with metformin as a potentially supportive drug rather than a monotherapy to mitigate cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Stott Bond
- Distance Education, Technology and Integration, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA 30597, USA;
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (D.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (D.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Jeanette M. Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Michael J. Turner
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Susan T. Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Joseph S. Marino
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cao K, Chen Y, Zhao S, Huang Y, Liu T, Liu H, Li B, Cui J, Cai J, Bai C, Yang Y, Gao F. Sirt3 Promoted DNA Damage Repair and Radioresistance Through ATM-Chk2 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:5464-5472. [PMID: 34405009 PMCID: PMC8364660 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Radiotherapy is an indispensable approach for lung cancer, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high incidence and mortality. However, cellular resistance to ionizing radiation often results in failure in treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Sirt3 in radiotherapy on NSCLC. Materials and Methods: Resected samples from 80 pairs of lung cancer was used to prepare tissue array and Sirt3 was stained with immunochemical method. Cell survival as well as apoptosis assay were used to determine the cellular radiosensitivity. Moreover, DNA damage was evaluated by using γ-H2AX foci. Finally, an in situ lung cancer model to test the radiosensitivity in vivo. Results: Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) was found upregulated in NSCLC cell lines, as well as lung cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Knockdown of Sirt3 significantly increased radiation-induced cell apoptosis, and increased cell survival efficacy. In contrast, Sirt3 overexpression promoted radioresistance in lung cancer cells. Sirt3 knockdown also aggravated the G2/M cell cycle arrest caused by irradiation. Furthermore, Sirt3 was found to be critical for the activation of ATM-Chk2 pathway upon irradiation. Finally, our in vivo model showed that targeting Sirt3 significantly sensitized lung cancer to radiotherapy. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings identified a significant role of Sirt3 in radioresistanct of NSCLC, which provides novel mechanism as well as target for radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Songyun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yijuan Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China.,The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health & Management Wenzhou Medical University, P.R China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nano-Strategies Targeting the Integrin αvβ3 Network for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071684. [PMID: 34359854 PMCID: PMC8307885 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αvβ3, a cell surface receptor, participates in signaling transduction pathways in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Several ligands bind to integrin αvβ3 to regulate proliferation and metastasis in cancer cells. Crosstalk between the integrin and other signal transduction pathways also plays an important role in modulating cancer proliferation. Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) activates the downstream integrin FAK to stimulate biological activities including cancer proliferation and metastasis. Blockage of signals related to integrin αvβ3 was shown to be a promising target for cancer therapies. 3,3′,5,5′-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) completely binds to the integrin with the thyroid hormone to suppress cancer proliferation. The (E)-stilbene analog, resveratrol, also binds to integrin αvβ3 to inhibit cancer growth. Recently, nanotechnologies have been used in the biomedical field for detection and therapeutic purposes. In the current review, we show and evaluate the potentiation of the nanomaterial carrier RGD peptide, derivatives of PLGA-tetrac (NDAT), and nanoresveratrol targeting integrin αvβ3 in cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Geist D, Hönes GS, Gassen J, Kerp H, Kleinbongard P, Heusch G, Führer D, Moeller LC. Noncanonical Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Action Mediates Arterial Vasodilation. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6276892. [PMID: 33999131 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypothyroidism impairs cardiovascular health and contributes to endothelial dysfunction with reduced vasodilation. How 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and its receptors are involved in the regulation of vasomotion is not yet fully understood. In general, thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) either influence gene expression (canonical action) or rapidly activate intracellular signaling pathways (noncanonical action). OBJECTIVE Here we aimed to characterize the T3 action underlying the mechanism of arterial vasodilation and blood pressure (BP) regulation. METHODS Mesenteric arteries were isolated from male rats, wild-type (WT) mice, TRα knockout (TRα 0) mice, and from knockin mice with a mutation in the DNA-binding domain (TRα GS). In this mutant, DNA binding and thus canonical action is abrogated while noncanonical signaling is preserved. In a wire myograph system, the isolated vessels were preconstricted with norepinephrine. The response to T3 was measured, and the resulting vasodilation (Δ force [mN]) was normalized to maximum contraction with norepinephrine and expressed as percentage vasodilation after maximal preconstriction with norepinephrine (%NE). Isolated vessels were treated with T3 (1 × 10-15 to 1 × 10-5 mol/L) alone and in combination with the endothelial nitric oxide-synthase (eNOS) inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin. The endothelium was removed to determine the contribution of T3 to endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The physiological relevance of T3-induced vasodilation was determined by in vivo arterial BP measurements in male and female mice. RESULTS T3 treatment induced vasodilation of mesenteric arteries from WT mice within 2 minutes (by 21.5 ± 1.7%NE). This effect was absent in arteries from TRα 0 mice (by 5.3 ± 0.6%NE, P < .001 vs WT) but preserved in TRα GS arteries (by 17.2 ± 1.1%NE, not significant vs WT). Inhibition of either eNOS or PI3K reduced T3-mediated vasodilation from 52.7 ± 4.5%NE to 28.5 ± 4.1%NE and 22.7 ± 2.9%NE, respectively. Removal of the endothelium abolished the T3-mediated vasodilation in rat mesenteric arteries (by 36.7 ± 5.4%NE vs 3.5 ± 6.2%NE). In vivo, T3 injection led to a rapid decrease of arterial BP in WT (by 13.9 ± 1.9 mm Hg) and TRα GS mice (by 12.4 ± 1.9 mm Hg), but not in TRα 0 mice (by 4.1 ± 1.9 mm Hg). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that T3 acting through noncanonical TRα action affects cardiovascular physiology by inducing endothelium-dependent vasodilation within minutes via PI3K and eNOS activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Geist
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - G Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Janina Gassen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Kerp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Galton VA, Martinez ME, Dragon JA, St Germain DL, Hernandez A. The Intrinsic Activity of Thyroxine Is Critical for Survival and Growth and Regulates Gene Expression in Neonatal Liver. Thyroid 2021; 31:528-541. [PMID: 32791885 PMCID: PMC7994419 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroxine (T4) is generally considered to be a prohormone that requires conversion to triiodothyronine (T3) to exert biological activity. Although evidence suggests that T4 has intrinsic activity, it is questionable if this activity has any physiological relevance. Methods: To answer this question, triple knockout (KO) mice (Triples) that cannot express the types 1 (D1) and 2 (D2) deiodinase and the Pax8 genes were generated. Thus, they lack a thyroid and cannot convert T4 to T3. Triples were injected on alternate days with either vehicle or physiological doses of T4, T3, or T3+T4 from postnatal days 2-14. They were euthanized at P15, and RNA-seq was employed to profile gene expression in the liver. In another experiment, Pax8KO mice were injected with T3, T4, or T4+T3, and growth rate and survival to P84 were determined. Results: The growth retardation of Triples was not improved by either T3 or T4 alone but was significantly improved by T4+T3. In the liver, T4 significantly regulated the expression of genes that were also regulated by T3, but the proportion of genes that were negatively regulated was higher in mice treated with T4 than in mice treated with T3. Treatment with T4+T3 identified genes that were regulated synergistically by T3 and T4, and genes that were regulated only by T4+T3. Analysis of these genes revealed enrichment in mechanisms related to cell proliferation and cholesterol physiology, suggesting a unique contribution of T4 to these biological functions. Pax8KO mice all survived to P84 when injected with T4 or T4+T3. However, survival rate with T3 was only 50% and 10% at 3.5 and 12 weeks of life, respectively. Conclusions: T4 has intrinsic activity in vivo and is critical for survival and growth. At a physiological level, T4 per se can upregulate or downregulate many T3 target genes in the neonatal liver. While most of these genes are also regulated by T3, subsets respond exclusively to T4 or demonstrate enhanced or normalized expression only in the presence of both hormones. These studies demonstrate for the first time a complex dependency on both T4 and T3 for normal mammalian growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Anne Galton
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Julie A. Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Arturo Hernandez
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Cappola AR, Celi FS, Fliers E, Heuer H, McAninch EA, Moeller LC, Nygaard B, Sawka AM, Watt T, Dayan CM. Evidence-Based Use of Levothyroxine/Liothyronine Combinations in Treating Hypothyroidism: A Consensus Document. Eur Thyroid J 2021; 10:10-38. [PMID: 33777817 PMCID: PMC7983670 DOI: 10.1159/000512970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fourteen clinical trials have not shown a consistent benefit of combination therapy with levothyroxine (LT4) and liothyronine (LT3). Despite the publication of these trials, combination therapy is widely used and patients reporting benefit continue to generate patient and physician interest in this area. Recent scientific developments may provide insight into this inconsistency and guide future studies. METHODS The American Thyroid Association (ATA), British Thyroid Association (BTA), and European Thyroid Association (ETA) held a joint conference on November 3, 2019 (live-streamed between Chicago and London) to review new basic science and clinical evidence regarding combination therapy with presentations and input from 12 content experts. After the presentations, the material was synthesized and used to develop Summary Statements of the current state of knowledge. After review and revision of the material and Summary Statements, there was agreement that there was equipoise for a new clinical trial of combination therapy. Consensus Statements encapsulating the implications of the material discussed with respect to the design of future clinical trials of LT4/LT3 combination therapy were generated. Authors voted upon the Consensus Statements. Iterative changes were made in several rounds of voting and after comments from ATA/BTA/ETA members. RESULTS Of 34 Consensus Statements available for voting, 28 received at least 75% agreement, with 13 receiving 100% agreement. Those with 100% agreement included studies being powered to study the effect of deiodinase and thyroid hormone transporter polymorphisms on study outcomes, inclusion of patients dissatisfied with their current therapy and requiring at least 1.2 µg/kg of LT4 daily, use of twice daily LT3 or preferably a slow-release preparation if available, use of patient-reported outcomes as a primary outcome (measured by a tool with both relevant content validity and responsiveness) and patient preference as a secondary outcome, and utilization of a randomized placebo-controlled adequately powered double-blinded parallel design. The remaining statements are presented as potential additional considerations. DISCUSSION This article summarizes the areas discussed and presents Consensus Statements to guide development of future clinical trials of LT4/LT3 combination therapy. The results of such redesigned trials are expected to be of benefit to patients and of value to inform future thyroid hormone replacement clinical practice guidelines treatment recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Jonklaas
- Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- *Jacqueline Jonklaas, Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007 (USA),
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne R. Cappola
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Lars C. Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Birte Nygaard
- Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna M. Sawka
- Division of Endocrinology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Torquil Watt
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colin M. Dayan
- Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- **Colin M. Dayan, Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, C2 Link, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN (UK),
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qu W, Zhao J, Wu Y, Xu R, Liu S. Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus 9-mediated Expression of Kallistatin Suppresses Lung Tumor Growth in Mice. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:72-80. [PMID: 33183200 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999201111194257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in China and worldwide. Traditional surgery and chemotherapy do not offer an effective cure, although gene therapy may be a promising future alternative. Kallistatin (Kal) is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is considered the most promising vector for gene therapy of many diseases due to persistent and long-term transgenic expression. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether rAAV9-Kal inhibited NCI-H446 subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth in mice. METHODS The subcutaneous xenograft mode was induced by subcutaneous injection of 2×107 H446 cells into the dorsal skin of BALB/c nude mice. The mice were administered with ssrAAV9-Kal (single- stranded rAAV9) or dsrAAV9-Kal (double-stranded rAAV9) by intraperitoneal injection (I.P.). Tumor microvessel density (MVD) was examined by anti-CD34 staining to evaluate tumor angiogenesis. RESULTS Compared with the PBS (blank control) group, tumor growth in the high-dose ssrAAV9-Kal group was inhibited by 40% by day 49, and the MVD of tumor tissues was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION The results indicate that this therapeutic strategy is a promising approach for clinical cancer therapy and implicate rAAV9-Kal as a candidate for gene therapy of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Qu
- Department of School of Pharmacy & Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Department of School of Pharmacy & Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Yaqing Wu
- Department of School of Pharmacy & Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Ruian Xu
- School of Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Shaowu Liu
- Department of School of Pharmacy & Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Cappola AR, Celi FS, Fliers E, Heuer H, McAninch EA, Moeller LC, Nygaard B, Sawka AM, Watt T, Dayan CM. Evidence-Based Use of Levothyroxine/Liothyronine Combinations in Treating Hypothyroidism: A Consensus Document. Thyroid 2021; 31:156-182. [PMID: 33276704 PMCID: PMC8035928 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Fourteen clinical trials have not shown a consistent benefit of combination therapy with levothyroxine (LT4) and liothyronine (LT3). Despite the publication of these trials, combination therapy is widely used and patients reporting benefit continue to generate patient and physician interest in this area. Recent scientific developments may provide insight into this inconsistency and guide future studies. Methods: The American Thyroid Association (ATA), British Thyroid Association (BTA), and European Thyroid Association (ETA) held a joint conference on November 3, 2019 (live-streamed between Chicago and London) to review new basic science and clinical evidence regarding combination therapy with presentations and input from 12 content experts. After the presentations, the material was synthesized and used to develop Summary Statements of the current state of knowledge. After review and revision of the material and Summary Statements, there was agreement that there was equipoise for a new clinical trial of combination therapy. Consensus Statements encapsulating the implications of the material discussed with respect to the design of future clinical trials of LT4/LT3 combination therapy were generated. Authors voted upon the Consensus Statements. Iterative changes were made in several rounds of voting and after comments from ATA/BTA/ETA members. Results: Of 34 Consensus Statements available for voting, 28 received at least 75% agreement, with 13 receiving 100% agreement. Those with 100% agreement included studies being powered to study the effect of deiodinase and thyroid hormone transporter polymorphisms on study outcomes, inclusion of patients dissatisfied with their current therapy and requiring at least 1.2 μg/kg of LT4 daily, use of twice daily LT3 or preferably a slow-release preparation if available, use of patient-reported outcomes as a primary outcome (measured by a tool with both relevant content validity and responsiveness) and patient preference as a secondary outcome, and utilization of a randomized placebo-controlled adequately powered double-blinded parallel design. The remaining statements are presented as potential additional considerations. Discussion: This article summarizes the areas discussed and presents Consensus Statements to guide development of future clinical trials of LT4/LT3 combination therapy. The results of such redesigned trials are expected to be of benefit to patients and of value to inform future thyroid hormone replacement clinical practice guidelines treatment recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Jonklaas
- Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Address correspondence to: Jacqueline Jonklaas, MD, PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne R. Cappola
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Lars C. Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Birte Nygaard
- Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna M. Sawka
- Division of Endocrinology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Torquil Watt
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colin M. Dayan
- Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to: Colin M. Dayan, MD, PhD, Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, C2 Link, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen C, Lin W, Huang Y, Chen X, Wang H, Teng L. The Essential Factors of Establishing Patient-derived Tumor Model. J Cancer 2021; 12:28-37. [PMID: 33391400 PMCID: PMC7738839 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing an applicable preclinical model is vital for translational cancer research. Patient-derived xenograft has been important preclinical model systems and widely used for cancer research. Patient-derived xenograft models that represent the tumors of the patients are necessary to better translate research discoveries and to test potential therapeutic approaches. However, research in this field is hampered by the limited engraftment rate. In this review, we go over a large number of researches on patient-derived xenograft transplantation and firstly systematically summarize the main factors in methodology to successfully establish models. These results will be applied to the development of patient-derived xenograft leading to better preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhi Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wu Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiangliu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Davis PJ, Lin HY, Hercbergs A, Mousa SA. Actions of L-thyroxine (T4) and Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid (Tetrac) on Gene Expression in Thyroid Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070755. [PMID: 32645835 PMCID: PMC7396989 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical behavior of thyroid cancers is seen to reflect inherent transcriptional activities of mutated genes and trophic effects on tumors of circulating pituitary thyrotropin (TSH). The thyroid hormone, L-thyroxine (T4), has been shown to stimulate proliferation of a large number of different forms of cancer. This activity of T4 is mediated by a cell surface receptor on the extracellular domain of integrin αvβ3. In this brief review, we describe what is known about T4 as a circulating trophic factor for differentiated (papillary and follicular) thyroid cancers. Given T4′s cancer-stimulating activity in differentiated thyroid cancers, it was not surprising to find that genomic actions of T4 were anti-apoptotic. Transduction of the T4-generated signal at the integrin primarily involved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In thyroid C cell-origin medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC), effects of thyroid hormone analogues, such as tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), include pro-angiogenic and apoptosis-linked genes. Tetrac is an inhibitor of the actions of T4 at αvβ3, and it is assumed, but not yet proved, that the anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic actions of tetrac in MTC cells are matched by T4 effects that are pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic. We also note that papillary thyroid carcinoma cells may express the leptin receptor, and circulating leptin from adipocytes may stimulate tumor cell proliferation. Transcription was stimulated by leptin in anaplastic, papillary, and follicular carcinomas of genes involved in invasion, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In summary, thyroid hormone analogues may act at their receptor on integrin αvβ3 in a variety of types of thyroid cancer to modulate transcription of genes relevant to tumor invasiveness, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. These effects are independent of TSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Aleck Hercbergs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Combined Treatment of Heteronemin and Tetrac Induces Antiproliferation in Oral Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070348. [PMID: 32630719 PMCID: PMC7401260 DOI: 10.3390/md18070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Heteronemin, a marine sesterterpenoid-type natural product, possesses an antiproliferative effect in cancer cells. In addition, heteronemin has been shown to inhibit p53 expression. Our laboratory has demonstrated that the thyroid hormone deaminated analogue, tetrac, activates p53 and induces antiproliferation in colorectal cancer. However, such drug mechanisms are still to be studied in oral cancer cells. Methods: We investigated the antiproliferative effects by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. The signal transduction pathway was measured by Western blotting analyses. Quantitative PCR was used to evaluate gene expression regulated by heteronemin, 3,3’,5,5’-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), or their combined treatment in oral cancer cells. Results: Heteronemin inhibited not only expression of proliferative genes and Homo Sapiens Thrombospondin 1 (THBS-1) but also cell proliferation in both OEC-M1 and SCC-25 cells. Remarkably, heteronemin increased TGF-β1 expression in SCC-25 cells. Tetrac suppressed expression of THBS-1 but not p53 expression in both cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of tetrac and heteronemin inhibited ERK1/2 activation and heteronemin also blocked STAT3 signaling. Combined treatment increased p53 protein and p53 activation accumulation although heteronemin inhibited p53 expression in both cancer cell lines. The combined treatment induced antiproliferation synergistically more than a single agent. Conclusions: Both heteronemin and tetrac inhibited ERK1/2 activation and increased p53 phosphorylation. They also inhibited THBS-1 expression. Moreover, tetrac suppressed TGF-β expression combined with heteronemin to further enhance antiproliferation and anti-metastasis in oral cancer cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang PS, Wang CS, Yeh CT, Lin KH. Roles of Thyroid Hormone-Associated microRNAs Affecting Oxidative Stress in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205220. [PMID: 31640265 PMCID: PMC6834183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs as a result of imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant genes in cells, causing damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Accumulating damage of cellular components can trigger various diseases, including metabolic syndrome and cancer. Over the past few years, the physiological significance of microRNAs (miRNA) in cancer has been a focus of comprehensive research. In view of the extensive level of miRNA interference in biological processes, the roles of miRNAs in oxidative stress and their relevance in physiological processes have recently become a subject of interest. In-depth research is underway to specifically address the direct or indirect relationships of oxidative stress-induced miRNAs in liver cancer and the potential involvement of the thyroid hormone in these processes. While studies on thyroid hormone in liver cancer are abundantly documented, no conclusive information on the potential relationships among thyroid hormone, specific miRNAs, and oxidative stress in liver cancer is available. In this review, we discuss the effects of thyroid hormone on oxidative stress-related miRNAs that potentially have a positive or negative impact on liver cancer. Additionally, supporting evidence from clinical and animal experiments is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shuan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Siu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|