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Fan S, Kong C, Zhou R, Zheng X, Ren D, Yin Z. Protein Post-Translational Modifications Based on Proteomics: A Potential Regulatory Role in Animal Science. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6077-6088. [PMID: 38501450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Genomic studies in animal breeding have provided a wide range of references; however, it is important to note that genes and mRNA alone do not fully capture the complexity of living organisms. Protein post-translational modification, which involves covalent modifications regulated by genetic and environmental factors, serves as a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that modulates protein structure, activity, and function. In this review, we comprehensively summarize various phosphorylation and acylation modifications on metabolic enzymes relevant to energy metabolism in animals, including acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, β-hydroxybutylation, acetoacetylation, and lactylation. It is worth noting that research on animal energy metabolism and modification regulation lags behind the demands for growth and development in animal breeding compared to human studies. Therefore, this review provides a novel research perspective by exploring unreported types of modifications in livestock based on relevant findings from human or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chengcheng Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dalong Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Fu P, Zhu R, Gao W, Gong L. Effects of resistance training on alleviating hypoxia-induced muscle atrophy: Focus on acetylation of FoxO1. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18096. [PMID: 38149787 PMCID: PMC10844693 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the role of FoxO1 and its acetylation in the alleviation of hypoxia-induced muscle atrophy by resistance training. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: normoxic control group (C), normoxic resistance training group (R), hypoxic control group (H) and hypoxic resistance training group (HR). Rats in R and HR groups were trained on an incremental weight-bearing ladder every other day, while those in H and HR groups were kept in an environment containing 12.4% O2 . After 4 weeks, muscles were collected for analysis. Differentiated L6 myoblasts were analysed in vitro after hypoxia exposure and plasmids transfection (alteration in FoxO1 acetylation). The lean body mass loss, wet weight and fibre cross-sectional area of extensor digitorum longus of rats were decreased after 4 weeks hypoxia, and the adverse reactions above was reversed by resistance training. At the same time, the increase in hypoxia-induced autophagy was suppressed, which was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of nuclear FoxO1 and cytoplasmic Ac-FoxO1 by resistance training. The L6 myotube diameter increased and the expression of autophagic proteins were inhibited under hypoxia via intervening by FoxO1 deacetylation. Overall, resistance training alleviates hypoxia-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting nuclear FoxO1 and cytoplasmic Ac-FoxO1-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of EducationBeijing Sport UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Physical EducationNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports ScienceShanghaiChina
| | - Weiyang Gao
- School of Languages and Cultural Communication, English DepartmentXi’an Mingde Institute of TechnologyXi’anChina
| | - Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of EducationBeijing Sport UniversityBeijingChina
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Song Y, Cao H, Zuo C, Gu Z, Huang Y, Miao J, Fu Y, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Wang F. Mitochondrial dysfunction: A fatal blow in depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115652. [PMID: 37801903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria maintain the normal physiological function of nerve cells by producing sufficient cellular energy and performing crucial roles in maintaining the metabolic balance through intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and axonal development. Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. Damage to the hippocampal neurons is a key component of the plasticity regulation of synapses and plays a critical role in the mechanism of depression. There is evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with synaptic impairment. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis includes quantitative maintenance and quality control of mitochondria. Mitochondrial biogenesis produces new and healthy mitochondria, and mitochondrial dynamics cooperates with mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria. These processes maintain mitochondrial population stability and exert neuroprotective effects against early depression. In contrast, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various brain regions of patients with major depressive disorders. The accumulation of defective mitochondria accelerates cellular nerve dysfunction. In addition, impaired mitochondria aggravate alterations in the brain microenvironment, promoting neuroinflammation and energy depletion, thereby exacerbating the development of depression. This review summarizes the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction and the underlying molecular pathways on the pathogenesis of depression. Additionally, we discuss the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis as a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chengchao Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongya Gu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Fu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Cancer Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
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Chen J, Yue F, Kim KH, Zhu P, Qiu J, Tao WA, Kuang S. FAM210A mediates an inter-organelle crosstalk essential for protein synthesis and muscle growth in mouse. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.03.551853. [PMID: 37577696 PMCID: PMC10418219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are not only essential for energy production in eukaryocytes but also a key regulator of intracellular signaling. Here, we report an unappreciated role of mitochondria in regulating cytosolic protein translation in skeletal muscle cells (myofibers). We show that the expression of mitochondrial protein FAM210A (Family With Sequence Similarity 210 Member A) is positively associated with muscle mass in mice and humans. Muscle-specific Myl1Cre-driven Fam210a knockout (Fam210aMKO) in mice reduces mitochondrial density and function, leading to progressive muscle atrophy and premature death. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses reveal that Fam210aMKO reverses the oxidative TCA cycle towards the reductive direction, resulting in acetyl-CoA accumulation and hyperacetylation of cytosolic proteins. Specifically, hyperacetylation of several ribosomal proteins leads to disassembly of ribosomes and translational defects. Transplantation of Fam210aMKO mitochondria into wildtype myoblasts is sufficient to elevate protein acetylation in recipient cells. These findings reveal a novel crosstalk between the mitochondrion and ribosome mediated by FAM210A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiamin Qiu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - W. Andy Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Liang D, Chen C, Huang S, Liu S, Fu L, Niu Y. Alterations of Lysine Acetylation Profile in Murine Skeletal Muscles Upon Exercise. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:859313. [PMID: 35592697 PMCID: PMC9110802 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.859313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Regular exercise is a powerful tool that enhances skeletal muscle mass and strength. Lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) involved in a broad array of cellular functions. Skeletal muscle protein contains a considerable number of lysine-acetylated (Kac) sites, so we aimed to investigate the effects of exercise-induced lysine acetylation on skeletal muscle proteins. Methods We randomly divided 20 male C57BL/6 mice into exercise and control groups. After 6 weeks of treadmill exercise, a lysine acetylation proteomics analysis of the gastrocnemius muscles of mice was performed. Results A total of 2,254 lysine acetylation sites in 693 protein groups were identified, among which 1,916 sites in 528 proteins were quantified. The enrichment analysis suggested that protein acetylation could influence both structural and functional muscle protein properties. Moreover, molecular docking revealed that mimicking protein deacetylation primarily influenced the interaction between substrates and enzymes. Conclusion Exercise-induced lysine acetylation appears to be a crucial contributor to the alteration of skeletal muscle protein binding free energy, suggesting that its modulation is a potential approach for improving exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehuan Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang YJ, Yao Y, Zhang PD, Li ZH, Zhang P, Li FR, Wang ZH, Liu D, Lv YB, Kang L, Shi XM, Mao C. Association of regular aerobic exercises and neuromuscular junction variants with incidence of frailty: an analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:350-357. [PMID: 33527771 PMCID: PMC8061381 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidate genes of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) pathway increased risk of frailty, but the extent and whether can be offset by exercises was unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between aerobic exercises and incident frailty regardless of NMJ pathway-related genetic risk. METHODS A cohort study on participants from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was conducted from 2008 to 2011. A total of 7006 participants (mean age of 80.6 ± 10.3 years) without frailty at baseline were interviewed to record aerobic exercise status, and 4053 individuals among them submitted saliva samples. NMJ pathway-related genes were genotyped and weighted genetic risk scores were constructed. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (19 634 person-years), there were 1345 cases (19.2%) of incident frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises were associated with a 26% lesser frailty risk [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.85]. This association was stronger in a subgroup of 1552 longevous participants (age between 90 and 111 years, adjusted HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60-0.87). High genetic risk was associated with a 35% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.16-1.58). Of the participants with high genetic risk and no persistent aerobic exercises, there was a 59% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.20-2.09). HRs for the risk of frailty increased from the low genetic risk with persistent aerobic exercise to high genetic risk without persistent aerobic exercise (P trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic exercises and NMJ pathway-related genetic risk were significantly associated with frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises can partly offset NMJ pathway-related genetic risk to frailty in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-He Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Bin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ye L, Li M, Wang Z, Yang Z, Zhang J, Fang H, He Z, Wang X. Depression of Mitochondrial Function in the Rat Skeletal Muscle Model of Myofascial Pain Syndrome Is Through Down-Regulation of the AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3 Axis. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1747-1756. [PMID: 32765049 PMCID: PMC7367922 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s233583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The causative mechanisms triggering myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) are still in debate. It is becoming evident that mitochondrial dysfunction may regulate pathways controlling MPS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3 axis is associated with depression of mitochondrial function in the rat MPS model. Methods A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The expression level of mRNA and protein of gastrocnemius medialis (GM) was analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR. The histopathological findings were investigated through electron microscopes in GM of all groups. Results Our results showed that MPS induces continuous depression of mitochondrial biogenesis and function via down-regulation of PGC-1α-SIRT3 axis accompanying with ATP fuel crisis as compared to control group. However, the expression level of SIRT3 mRNA did not change. Additionally, a correlated reduction of the mRNA and protein expression level of NRF-1 and TFAM, known as the downstream target of PGC-1α, suggesting further transcription of nuclear genes encoding mitochondria functional proteins for promoting mitochondria proliferation, oxidative phosphorylation and energy production is continuously depressed. Furthermore, phosphorylation extent of AMPK is also declined following MPS, and it is negatively correlated with reduction of ATP generation, suggesting that the complex network involves different inhibition in transcription, post-translational modification and a plethora of other effectors that mediate the inhibition roles. Conclusion We here suggested that the down-regulation in AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3 axis network may be the basis for the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and MPS, where a vicious circle further aggravates the disease symptoms with ongoing ATP energy crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ye
- Department of Pain Management, The South Campus of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shanghai First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhou He
- Department of Pain Management, The South Campus of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, People's Republic of China
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Jiang S, Liu Y, Shen Z, Zhou B, Shen QW. Acetylome profiling reveals extensive involvement of lysine acetylation in the conversion of muscle to meat. J Proteomics 2019; 205:103412. [PMID: 31176012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is an post-translational modification that regulates gene expression, metabolism, cell signaling, and diseases, but its implication in the postmortem (PM) meat quality development is basically unclear. In the present study, a quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted to profile acetylome in porcine muscle within 24 h PM. In total 595 acetylation sites assigned to 163 proteins were identified in porcine muscle, of which 460 sites distributing to 110 proteins significantly changed in acetylation levels in the conversion of muscle to meat. The dynamic acetylation/deacetylaion of muscle proteins was closely associated with critical chemical-biophysical changes in PM muscle. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that protein lysine acetylation likely regulated postmortem meat quality development by regulating glycolysis and muscle pH, cell stress reponse and apoptosis, muscle contraction and rigor mortis, calcium signaling and proteolysis, IMP synthesis and meat flavor development, and even the stability of pigment proteins and meat color. This study provided the first overview of protein lysine acetylation in PM muscle and revealed its significance in the conversion of muscle to meat. Future exploration of the exact role of protein lysine acetylation at specific sites will further our understanding regarding the underlying mechanisms and be helpful for meat quality control. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first analysis of acetylome in farm animal and postmortem muscle. Our data showed that the dynamic acetylation/deacetylation of muscle proteins was closely related to the postmortem changes of muscle that affect the final quality of raw meat. Proteins related to glucose metabolism and muscle contraction were the two largest clusters of acetylproteins identified in postmortem porcine muscle. Networks of acetylproteins involved in apoptosis, calcium signaling and IMP synthesis were identified in postmortem porcine muscle at the same time. Our results revealed that protein lysine acetylation regulated the conversion of muscle to meat. It likely regulated meat quality development by regulating postmortem glycolysis, mitochondrion initiated cell apoptosis, calcium signaling, rigor mortis, meat flavor compound sysnthesis and meat tenderization. Our study broadened our understanding of the biochemistry regulating the postmortem conversion of muscle to meat and final meat quality development, which may be helpful for future meat quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | | | - Bing Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qingwu W Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Buso A, Comelli M, Picco R, Isola M, Magnesa B, Pišot R, Rittweger J, Salvadego D, Šimunič B, Grassi B, Mavelli I. Mitochondrial Adaptations in Elderly and Young Men Skeletal Muscle Following 2 Weeks of Bed Rest and Rehabilitation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:474. [PMID: 31118897 PMCID: PMC6504794 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression levels of proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis regulation and bioenergetics in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 16 elderly and 7 young people subjected to 14 days of bed-rest, causing atrophy, and subsequent 14 days of exercise training. Based on quantitative immunoblot analyses, in both groups a reduction of two key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis/remodeling and activity, namely PGC-1α and Sirt3, was revealed during bed-rest, with a subsequent up-regulation after rehabilitation, indicating an involvement of PGC-1α-Sirt3 axis in response to the treatments. A difference was observed comparing the young and elderly subjects as, for both proteins, the abundance in the elderly was more affected by immobility and less responsive to exercise. The expression levels of TOM20 and Citrate Synthase, assayed as markers of outer mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial mass, showed a noticeable sensitivity in the elderly group, where they were affected by bed-rest and rehabilitation recalling the pattern of PGC-1α. TOM20 and CS remained unchanged in young subjects. Single OXPHOS complexes showed peculiar patterns, which were in some cases dissimilar from PGC-1α, and suggest different influences on protein biogenesis and degradation. Overall, exercise was capable to counteract the effect of immobility, when present, except for complex V, which was markedly downregulated by bed-rest, but remained unaffected after rehabilitation, maybe as result of greater extent of degradation processes over biogenesis. Phosphorylation extent of AMPK, and its upstream activator LKB1, did not change after bed-rest and rehabilitation in either young or elderly subjects, suggesting that the activation of energy-sensing LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway was “missed” due to its transient nature, or was not triggered under our conditions. Our study demonstrates that, as far as the expression of various proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis/remodeling, adaptations to bed-rest and rehabilitation in the two populations were different. The impact of bed-rest was greater in the elderly subjects, where the pattern (decrease after bed rest and recovery following rehabilitation) was accompanied by changes of mitochondrial mass. Modifications of protein abundance were matched with data obtained from gene expression analyses of four public human datasets focusing on related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Buso
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Comelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Miriam Isola
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Joern Rittweger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Desy Salvadego
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Mavelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,INBB Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
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Xing T, Gao F, Tume RK, Zhou G, Xu X. Stress Effects on Meat Quality: A Mechanistic Perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:380-401. [PMID: 33336942 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress inevitably occurs from the farm to abattoir in modern livestock husbandry. The effects of stress on the behavioral and physiological status and ultimate meat quality have been well documented. However, reports on the mechanism of stress effects on physiological and biochemical changes and their consequent effects on meat quality attributes have been somewhat disjointed and limited. Furthermore, the causes of variability in meat quality traits among different animal species, muscle fibers within an animal, and even positions within a piece of meat in response to stress are still not entirely clear. This review 1st summarizes the primary stress factors, including heat stress, preslaughter handling stress, oxidative stress, and other stress factors affecting animal welfare; carcass quality; and eating quality. This review further delineates potential stress-induced pathways or mediators, including AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated energy metabolism, crosstalk among calcium signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species, protein modification, apoptosis, calpain and cathepsin proteolytic systems, and heat shock proteins that exert effects that cause biochemical changes during the early postmortem period and affect the subsequent meat quality. To obtain meat of high quality, further studies are needed to unravel the intricate mechanisms involving the aforementioned signaling pathways or mediators and their crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ronald K Tume
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Samant SA, Pillai VB, Gupta MP. Cellular mechanisms promoting cachexia and how they are opposed by sirtuins 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:235-245. [PMID: 30407871 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many chronic diseases are associated with unintentional loss of body weight, which is termed "cachexia". Cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome associated with the underlying primary disease, and characterized by loss of skeletal muscle with or without loss of fat tissue. Patients with cachexia face dire symptoms like dyspnea, fatigue, edema, exercise intolerance, and low responsiveness to medical therapy, which worsen quality of life. Because cachexia is not a stand-alone disorder, treating primary disease - such as cancer - takes precedence for the physician, and it remains mostly a neglected illness. Existing clinical trials have demonstrated limited success mostly because of their monotherapeutic approach and late detection of the syndrome. To conquer cachexia, it is essential to identify as many molecular targets as possible using the latest technologies we have at our disposal. In this review, we have discussed different aspects of cachexia, which include various disease settings, active molecular pathways, and recent novel advances made in this field to understand consequences of this illness. We also discuss roles of the sirtuins, the NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases, microRNAs, certain dietary options, and epigenetic drugs as potential approaches, which can be used to tackle cachexia as early as possible in its course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana A Samant
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vinodkumar B Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mahesh P Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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12
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Ho HY, Lin YT, Lin G, Wu PR, Cheng ML. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) deficiency dysregulates mitochondrial retrograde signaling and impedes proliferation. Redox Biol 2017; 12:916-928. [PMID: 28478381 PMCID: PMC5426036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the physiological roles of NADH and NADPH homeostasis in cancer, we studied the effect of NNT knockdown on physiology of SK-Hep1 cells. NNT knockdown cells show limited abilities to maintain NAD+ and NADPH levels and have reduced proliferation and tumorigenicity. There is an increased dependence of energy production on oxidative phosphorylation. Studies with stable isotope tracers have revealed that under the new steady-state metabolic condition, the fluxes of TCA and glycolysis decrease while that of reductive carboxylation increases. Increased [α-ketoglutarate]/[succinate] ratio in NNT-deficient cells results in decrease in HIF-1α level and expression of HIF-1α regulated genes. Reduction in NADPH level leads to repression of HDAC1 activity and an increase in p53 acetylation. These findings suggest that NNT is essential to homeostasis of NADH and NADPH pools, anomalies of which affect HIF-1α- and HDAC1-dependent pathways, and hence retrograde response of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yao Ho
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Clinical Phenome Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Phenome Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Clinical Phenome Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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13
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Pararasa C, Ikwuobe J, Shigdar S, Boukouvalas A, Nabney IT, Brown JE, Devitt A, Bailey CJ, Bennett SJ, Griffiths HR. Age-associated changes in long-chain fatty acid profile during healthy aging promote pro-inflammatory monocyte polarization via PPARγ. Aging Cell 2016; 15:128-39. [PMID: 26522807 PMCID: PMC4717269 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in lipid metabolism associate with age‐related disease development and lifespan. Inflammation is a common link between metabolic dysregulation and aging. Saturated fatty acids (FAs) initiate pro‐inflammatory signalling from many cells including monocytes; however, no existing studies have quantified age‐associated changes in individual FAs in relation to inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, we have determined the plasma concentrations of distinct FAs by gas chromatography in 26 healthy younger individuals (age < 30 years) and 21 healthy FA individuals (age > 50 years). Linear mixed models were used to explore the association between circulating FAs, age and cytokines. We showed that plasma saturated, poly‐ and mono‐unsaturated FAs increase with age. Circulating TNF‐α and IL‐6 concentrations increased with age, whereas IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 concentrations decreased. Oxidation of MitoSOX Red was higher in leucocytes from FA adults, and plasma oxidized glutathione concentrations were higher. There was significant colinearity between plasma saturated FAs, indicative of their metabolic relationships. Higher levels of the saturated FAs C18:0 and C24:0 were associated with lower TGF‐β1 concentrations, and higher C16:0 were associated with higher TNF‐α concentrations. We further examined effects of the aging FA profile on monocyte polarization and metabolism in THP1 monocytes. Monocytes preincubated with C16:0 increased secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in response to phorbol myristate acetate‐induced differentiation through ceramide‐dependent inhibition of PPARγ activity. Conversely, C18:1 primed a pro‐resolving macrophage which was PPARγ dependent and ceramide dependent and which required oxidative phosphorylation. These data suggest that a midlife adult FA profile impairs the switch from proinflammatory to lower energy, requiring anti‐inflammatory macrophages through metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathyan Pararasa
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - John Ikwuobe
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | | | | | - Ian T. Nabney
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - James E. Brown
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Clifford J. Bailey
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | | | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
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14
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Li Z, Li X, Wang Z, Shen QW, Zhang D. Antemortem stress regulates protein acetylation and glycolysis in postmortem muscle. Food Chem 2016; 202:94-8. [PMID: 26920270 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although exhaustive research has established that preslaughter stress is a major factor contributing to pale, soft, exudative (PSE) meat, questions remain regarding the biochemistry of postmortem glycolysis. In this study, the influence of preslaughter stress on protein acetylation in relationship to glycolysis was studied. The data show that antemortem swimming significantly enhanced glycolysis and the total acetylated proteins in postmortem longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of mice. Inhibition of protein acetylation by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitors eliminated stress induced increase in glycolysis. Inversely, antemortem injection of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA) and nicotinamide (NAM), further increased protein acetylation early postmortem and the glycolysis. These data provide new insight into the biochemistry of postmortem glycolysis by showing that protein acetylation regulates glycolysis, which may participate in the regulation of preslaughter stress on glycolysis in postmortem muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qingwu W Shen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China.
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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15
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Abstract
Reversible acetylation was initially described as an epigenetic mechanism regulating DNA accessibility. Since then, this process has emerged as a controller of histone and nonhistone acetylation that integrates key physiological processes such as metabolism, circadian rhythm and cell cycle, along with gene regulation in various organisms. The widespread and reversible nature of acetylation also revitalized interest in the mechanisms that regulate lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and deacetylases (KDACs) in health and disease. Changes in protein or histone acetylation are especially relevant for many common diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, as well as for some rare diseases such as mitochondrial diseases and lipodystrophies. In this Review, we examine the role of reversible acetylation in metabolic control and how changes in levels of metabolites or cofactors, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide, coenzyme A, acetyl coenzyme A, zinc and butyrate and/or β-hydroxybutyrate, directly alter KAT or KDAC activity to link energy status to adaptive cellular and organismal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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LaBarge SA, Migdal CW, Buckner EH, Okuno H, Gertsman I, Stocks B, Barshop BA, Nalbandian SR, Philp A, McCurdy CE, Schenk S. p300 is not required for metabolic adaptation to endurance exercise training. FASEB J 2015; 30:1623-33. [PMID: 26712218 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-281741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The acetyltransferase, E1a-binding protein (p300), is proposed to regulate various aspects of skeletal muscle development, metabolism, and mitochondrial function,viaits interaction with numerous transcriptional regulators and other proteins. Remarkably, however, the contribution of p300 to skeletal muscle function and metabolism,in vivo, is poorly understood. To address this, we used Cre-LoxP methodology to generate mice with skeletal muscle-specific knockout of E1a-binding protein (mKO). mKO mice were indistinguishable from their wild-type/floxed littermates, with no differences in lean mass, skeletal muscle structure, fiber type, respirometry flux, or metabolites of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.Ex vivomuscle function in extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles, including peak stress and time to fatigue, as well asin vivorunning capacity were also comparable. Moreover, expected adaptations to a 20 d voluntary wheel running regime were not compromised in mKO mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that p300 is not required for the normal development or functioning of adult skeletal muscle, nor is it required for endurance exercise-mediated mitochondrial adaptations.-LaBarge, S. A., Migdal, C. W., Buckner, E. H., Okuno, H., Gertsman, I., Stocks, B., Barshop, B. A., Nalbandian, S. R., Philp, A., McCurdy, C. E., Schenk, S. p300 is not required for metabolic adaptation to endurance exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A LaBarge
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Christopher W Migdal
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Elisa H Buckner
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Hiroshi Okuno
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Ilya Gertsman
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Ben Stocks
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Bruce A Barshop
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah R Nalbandian
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew Philp
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Simon Schenk
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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17
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Rea IM, Dellet M, Mills KI. Living long and ageing well: is epigenomics the missing link between nature and nurture? Biogerontology 2015; 17:33-54. [PMID: 26133292 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex trait and increasingly we understand that both genes and lifestyle interact in the longevity phenotype. Non-genetic factors, including diet, physical activity, health habits, and psychosocial factors contribute approximately 50% of the variability in human lifespan with another 25% explained by genetic differences. Family clusters of nonagenarian and centenarian siblings, who show both exceptional age-span and health-span, are likely to have inherited facilitatory gene groups, but also have nine decades of life experiences and behaviours which have interacted with their genetic profiles. Identification of their shared genes is just one small step in the link from genes to their physical and psychological profiles. Behavioural genomics is beginning to demonstrate links to biological mechanisms through regulation of gene expression, which directs the proteome and influences the personal phenotype. Epigenetics has been considered the missing link between nature and nurture. Although there is much that remains to be discovered, this article will discuss some of genetic and environmental factors which appear important in good quality longevity and link known epigenetic mechanisms to themes identified by nonagenarians themselves related to their longevity. Here we suggest that exceptional 90-year old siblings have adopted a range of behaviours and life-styles which have contributed to their ageing-well-phenotype and which link with important public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Margaret Dellet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ken I Mills
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Evans
- Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Professor, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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