1
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Sommerauer C, Gallardo-Dodd CJ, Savva C, Hases L, Birgersson M, Indukuri R, Shen JX, Carravilla P, Geng K, Nørskov Søndergaard J, Ferrer-Aumatell C, Mercier G, Sezgin E, Korach-André M, Petersson C, Hagström H, Lauschke VM, Archer A, Williams C, Kutter C. Estrogen receptor activation remodels TEAD1 gene expression to alleviate hepatic steatosis. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:374-402. [PMID: 38459198 PMCID: PMC10987545 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex-based differences in obesity-related hepatic malignancies suggest the protective roles of estrogen. Using a preclinical model, we dissected estrogen receptor (ER) isoform-driven molecular responses in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver diseases of male and female mice treated with or without an estrogen agonist by integrating liver multi-omics data. We found that selective ER activation recovers HFD-induced molecular and physiological liver phenotypes. HFD and systemic ER activation altered core liver pathways, beyond lipid metabolism, that are consistent between mice and primates. By including patient cohort data, we uncovered that ER-regulated enhancers govern central regulatory and metabolic genes with clinical significance in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients, including the transcription factor TEAD1. TEAD1 expression increased in MASLD patients, and its downregulation by short interfering RNA reduced intracellular lipid content. Subsequent TEAD small molecule inhibition improved steatosis in primary human hepatocyte spheroids by suppressing lipogenic pathways. Thus, TEAD1 emerged as a new therapeutic candidate whose inhibition ameliorates hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sommerauer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Carlos J Gallardo-Dodd
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christina Savva
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Linnea Hases
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Birgersson
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rajitha Indukuri
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pablo Carravilla
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Keyi Geng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nørskov Søndergaard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Clàudia Ferrer-Aumatell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Grégoire Mercier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marion Korach-André
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Carl Petersson
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amena Archer
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
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Duncan PJ, Romanò N, Nair SV, Murray JF, Le Tissier P, Shipston MJ. Sex differences in pituitary corticotroph excitability. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1205162. [PMID: 37534368 PMCID: PMC10391550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1205162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related illness represents a major burden on health and society. Sex differences in stress-related disorders are well documented, with women having twice the lifetime rate of depression compared to men and most anxiety disorders. Anterior pituitary corticotrophs are central components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, receiving input from hypothalamic neuropeptides corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), while regulating glucocorticoid output from the adrenal cortex. The dynamic control of electrical excitability by CRH/AVP and glucocorticoids is critical for corticotroph function; however, whether corticotrophs contribute to sexually differential responses of the HPA axis, which might underlie differences in stress-related disorders, is very poorly understood. Using perforated patch clamp electrophysiology in corticotrophs from mice expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the Pomc promoter, we characterized basal and secretagogue-evoked excitability. Both male and female corticotrophs show predominantly single-spike action potentials under basal conditions; however, males predominantly display spikes with small-amplitude (<20 mV) afterhyperpolarizations (B-type), whereas females displayed a mixture of B-type spikes and spikes with a large-amplitude (>25 mV) afterhyperpolarization (A-type). In response to CRH, or CRH/AVP, male cells almost exclusively transition to a predominantly pseudo-plateau bursting, whereas only female B-type cells display bursting in response to CRH±AVP. Treatment of male or female corticotrophs with 1 nM estradiol (E2) for 24-72 h has no effect on the proportion of cells with A- or B-type spikes in either sex. However, E2 results in the cessation of CRH-induced bursting in both male and female corticotrophs, which can be partially reversed by adding a BK current using a dynamic clamp. RNA-seq analysis of purified corticotrophs reveals extensive differential gene expression at the transcriptional level, including more than 71 mRNAs encoding ion channel subunits. Interestingly, there is a two-fold lower level (p < 0.01) of BK channel pore-forming subunit (Kcnma1) expression in females compared to males, which may partially explain the decrease in CRH-induced bursting. This study identified sex differences at the level of the anterior pituitary corticotroph ion channel landscape and control of both spontaneous and CRH-evoked excitability. Determining the mechanisms of sex differences of corticotroph and HPA activity at the cellular level could be an important step for better understanding, diagnosing, and treating stress-related disorders.
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Subbamanda YD, Bhargava A. Intercommunication between Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Estrogen Receptor/Estrogen Signaling: Insights into Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233850. [PMID: 36497108 PMCID: PMC9739980 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and estrogen receptors are important cellular proteins that have been shown to interact with each other across varied cells and tissues. Estrogen hormone, the ligand for estrogen receptors, can also exert its effects independent of estrogen receptors that collectively constitute non-genomic mechanisms. Here, we provide insights into the VGCC regulation by estrogen and the possible mechanisms involved therein across several cell types. Notably, most of the interaction is described in neuronal and cardiovascular tissues given the importance of VGCCs in these electrically excitable tissues. We describe the modulation of various VGCCs by estrogen known so far in physiological conditions and pathological conditions. We observed that in most in vitro studies higher concentrations of estrogen were used while a handful of in vivo studies used meager concentrations resulting in inhibition or upregulation of VGCCs, respectively. There is a need for more relevant physiological assays to study the regulation of VGCCs by estrogen. Additionally, other interacting receptors and partners need to be identified that may be involved in exerting estrogen receptor-independent effects of estrogen.
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Isoflavone-Enriched Soybean Leaves (Glycine Max) Alleviate Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy and Modulate PI3K/Akt Signaling in the Hippocampus of C57BL6 Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224753. [PMID: 36432439 PMCID: PMC9697522 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The estrogen decline during perimenopause can induce various disorders, including cognitive impairment. Phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, lignans, and coumestans, have been tried as a popular alternative to avoid the side effects of conventional hormone replacement therapy, but their exact mechanisms and risk are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs) on the cognitive impairment induced by ovariectomy in female mice. (2) Methods: Ovariectomy was performed at 9 weeks of age to mimic menopausal women, and the behavior tests for cognition were conducted 15 weeks after the first administration. IESLs were administered for 18 weeks. (3) Results: The present study showed the effects of IESLs on the cognitive function in the OVX (ovariectomized) mice. Ovariectomy markedly increased the body weight and fat accumulation in the liver and perirenal fat, but IESL treatment significantly inhibited them. In the behavioral tests, ovariectomy impaired cognitive functions, but administration of IESLs restored it. In addition, in the OVX mice, administration of IESLs restored decreased estrogen receptor (ER) β and PI3K/Akt expression in the hippocampus. (4) Conclusions: The positive effects of IESLs on cognitive functions may be closely related to the ER-mediated PI3/Akt signaling pathway in the hippocampus.
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Hou H, Chan C, Yuki KE, Sokolowski D, Roy A, Qu R, Uusküla-Reimand L, Faykoo-Martinez M, Hudson M, Corre C, Goldenberg A, Zhang Z, Palmert MR, Wilson MD. Postnatal developmental trajectory of sex-biased gene expression in the mouse pituitary gland. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:57. [PMID: 36221127 PMCID: PMC9552479 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pituitary gland regulates essential physiological processes such as growth, pubertal onset, stress response, metabolism, reproduction, and lactation. While sex biases in these functions and hormone production have been described, the underlying identity, temporal deployment, and cell-type specificity of sex-biased pituitary gene regulatory networks are not fully understood. METHODS To capture sex differences in pituitary gene regulation dynamics during postnatal development, we performed 3' untranslated region sequencing and small RNA sequencing to ascertain gene and microRNA expression, respectively, across five postnatal ages (postnatal days 12, 22, 27, 32, 37) that span the pubertal transition in female and male C57BL/6J mouse pituitaries (n = 5-6 biological replicates for each sex at each age). RESULTS We observed over 900 instances of sex-biased gene expression and 17 sex-biased microRNAs, with the majority of sex differences occurring with puberty. Using miRNA-gene target interaction databases, we identified 18 sex-biased genes that were putative targets of 5 sex-biased microRNAs. In addition, by combining our bulk RNA-seq with publicly available male and female mouse pituitary single-nuclei RNA-seq data, we obtained evidence that cell-type proportion sex differences exist prior to puberty and persist post-puberty for three major hormone-producing cell types: somatotropes, lactotropes, and gonadotropes. Finally, we identified sex-biased genes in these three pituitary cell types after accounting for cell-type proportion differences between sexes. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the identity and postnatal developmental trajectory of sex-biased gene expression in the mouse pituitary. This work also highlights the importance of considering sex biases in cell-type composition when understanding sex differences in the processes regulated by the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Hou
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cadia Chan
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyoko E Yuki
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dustin Sokolowski
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Roy
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rihao Qu
- Interdepartmental Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Mariela Faykoo-Martinez
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matt Hudson
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Corre
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Palmert
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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6
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Lagunas N, Fernández-García JM, Blanco N, Ballesta A, Carrillo B, Arevalo MA, Collado P, Pinos H, Grassi D. Organizational Effects of Estrogens and Androgens on Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Expression in Pituitary and Adrenal Glands in Adult Male and Female Rats. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:902218. [PMID: 35815333 PMCID: PMC9261283 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.902218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones, such as androgens and estrogens, are known to exert organizational action at perinatal periods and activational effects during adulthood on the brain and peripheral tissues. These organizational effects are essential for the establishment of biological axes responsible for regulating behaviors, such as reproduction, stress, and emotional responses. Estradiol (E2), testosterone, and their metabolites exert their biological action through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms, bounding to canonical receptors, such as estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and androgen receptor (AR) or membrane receptors, such as the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), respectively. Expression of ERs and AR was found to be different between males and females both in the brain and peripheral tissues, suggesting a sex-dependent regulation of their expression and function. Therefore, studying the ERs and AR distribution and expression levels is key to understand the central and peripheral role of sex steroids in the establishment of sex-specific behaviors in males and females. We investigated the organizational effects of estrogens and androgens in the pituitary and adrenal glands of adult male and female rats. For this, selective blockade of AR with flutamide or 5α-reductase with finasteride or aromatase with letrozole during the first 5 days of life has been performed in male and female pups and then quantification of ERs and AR expression in both glands has been carried out in adulthood. Data show that inhibition of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and E2 production during the first five postnatal days mainly decreases the ER expression in male to female values and AR expression in female to male levels in the pituitary gland and increases AR expression in female to male levels in the adrenal gland. In contrast, blocking the action of androgens differentially modulates the ERs in males and females and decreases AR in both males and females in both glands. Altogether, the results suggest that neonatal modifications of the androgen and estrogen pathways can potentially lead to permanent modifications of the neuroendocrine functions of the pituitary and adrenal glands in the adulthood of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lagunas
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-García
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Villanueva, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Blanco
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ballesta
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical Science and Health, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Carrillo
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Arevalo
- Neuroactive Steroids Lab, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Collado
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Pinos
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroactive Steroids Lab, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Daniela Grassi
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7
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Wang R, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Zhong X, Zimmers T, Nakshatri H. Hormonally Regulated Myogenic miR-486 Influences Sex-specific Differences in Cancer-induced Skeletal Muscle Defects. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6321973. [PMID: 34265069 PMCID: PMC8335968 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-induced skeletal muscle defects show sex-specific differences in severity with men performing poorly compared to women. Hormones and sex chromosomal differences are suggested to mediate these differences, but the functional skeletal muscle markers to document these differences are unknown. We show that the myogenic microRNA miR-486 is a marker of sex-specific differences in cancer-induced skeletal muscle defects. Cancer-induced loss of circulating miR-486 was more severe in men with bladder, lung, and pancreatic cancers compared to women with the same cancer types. In a syngeneic model of pancreatic cancer, circulating and skeletal muscle loss of miR-486 was more severe in male mice compared to female mice. Estradiol (E2) and the clinically used selective estrogen receptor modulator toremifene increased miR-486 in undifferentiated and differentiated myoblast cell line C2C12 and E2-inducible expression correlated with direct binding of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) to the regulatory region of the miR-486 gene. E2 and toremifene reduced the actions of cytokines such as myostatin, transforming growth factor β, and tumor necrosis factor α, which mediate cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting. E2- and toremifene-treated C2C12 myoblast/myotube cells contained elevated levels of active protein kinase B (AKT) with a corresponding decrease in the levels of its negative regulator PTEN, which is a target of miR-486. We propose an ERα:E2-miR-486-AKT signaling axis, which reduces the deleterious effects of cancer-induced cytokines/chemokines on skeletal muscle mass and/or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresa Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Corresponding Author: Harikrishna Nakshatri, BVSc., PhD, C218C, 980 West Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA, 317 278 2238,
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8
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Wang H, Bu S, Tang J, Li Y, Liu C, Dong J. PTPN5 promotes follicle-stimulating hormone secretion through regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21756. [PMID: 34270805 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002752rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 5 (PTPN5), also called striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), is highly expressed in neurons of the basal ganglia, hippocampus, cortex, and related structures, also in the pituitary. Gonadotropins are the key regulator of the reproduction in mammals. In this study, PTPN5 is detected to express in murine pituitary in a developmental manner. Moreover, the expression of PTPN5 in the pituitary is heavily reduced after ovary removal. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in gonadotropes is regulated by PTPN5 via binding GnRH to GnRH-R. Two parallel signaling pathways, Gs-protein kinase A (PKA)-PTPN5 and Gq-phospholipases C (PLC)-p38 MAPK-PTPN5, cooperatively regulate GnRH-induced FSH secretion. We also show that influx of Ca2+ activates the Ca2+ -dependent phosphatase calcineurin, leading to the phosphorylation and activation of PTPN5. The intracellular release of Ca2+ is reduced via TC2153. In conclusion, blocking or knocking out of PTPN5 reduces the release of FSH in whole pituitary. Mechanically, PTPN5 regulates gonadotropes' function through regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Bu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Junhong Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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9
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O'Hara L, Christian HC, Le Tissier P, Smith LB. Hyperprolactinemia in a male pituitary androgen receptor knockout mouse is associated with female-like lactotroph development. Andrology 2021; 9:1652-1661. [PMID: 33998165 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating prolactin concentration in rodents and humans is sexually dimorphic. Oestrogens are a well-characterised stimulator of prolactin release. Circulating prolactin fluctuates throughout the menstrual/oestrous cycle of females in response to oestrogen levels, but remains continually low in males. We have previously identified androgens as an inhibitor of prolactin release through characterisation of males of a mouse line with a conditional pituitary androgen receptor knockout (PARKO) which have an increase in circulating prolactin, but unchanged lactotroph number. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we aimed to specify the cell type that androgens act on to repress prolactin release. MATERIALS AND METHODS PARKO, lactotroph-specific, Pit1 lineage-specific and neural-specific conditional androgen receptor knockout male mice were investigated using prolactin ELISA, pituitary electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Lactotroph-specific, Pit1 lineage-specific and neural-specific conditional AR knockouts did not duplicate the high circulating prolactin seen in the PARKO line. Using electron microscopy to examine ultrastructure, we showed that pituitary androgen receptor knockout male mice develop lactotrophs that resemble those seen in female mice. Castrated PARKO males have significantly reduced circulating prolactin compared to intact males. When expression of selected oestrogen-regulated anterior pituitary genes was examined, there were no differences in expression level between controls and knockouts. DISCUSSION The cell type that androgens act on to repress prolactin release is not the lactotroph, cells in the Pit1-lineage, or the dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus. PARKO males develop a female-specific lactotroph ultrastructure that this is likely to contribute to the increase in circulating prolactin. Castrated PARKO males have significantly reduced circulating prolactin compared to intact males, which suggests that removal of both circulating oestrogens and androgens reduces the stimulation of pituitary prolactin release. CONCLUSION Further investigation is needed into prolactin regulation by changes in androgen-oestrogen balance, which is involved sexual dimorphism of development and diseases including hyperprolactinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura O'Hara
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Paul Le Tissier
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lee B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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10
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Haydar Ali Tajuddin A, Kamaruddin N, Sukor N, Azizan EA, Omar AM. Estrogen Receptors in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Review on Expression and Gonadotroph Functions. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa157. [PMID: 33241169 PMCID: PMC7671264 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (17β-estradiol or E2) is a crucial regulator of the synthesis and secretion of pituitary reproductive hormones luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin. In this review, we summarize the role of estrogen receptors in nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-Pitnets), focusing on immunoexpression and gonadotroph cell proliferation and apoptosis. Gonadotroph tumors are the most common subtype of NF-Pitnets. Two major estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms expressed in the pituitary are estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). Overall, estrogen actions are mostly exerted through the ERα isoform on the pituitary. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) located at the plasma membrane may contribute to nongenomic effects of estrogen. Nuclear immunoreactivity for ERα and ERβ was highest among gonadotroph and null cell tumors. Silent corticotroph tumors are the least immunoreactive for both receptors. A significantly elevated ERα expression was observed in macroadenomas compared with microadenomas. ERα and ERβ may act in opposite directions to regulate the Slug-E-cadherin pathway and to affect invasiveness of NF-Pitnets. In the cellular pathway, ERs regulate estrogen-induced proliferation and differentiation and impact several signaling pathways including the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathway. Estrogen was the first-discovered inducer of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 that was abundantly expressed in NF-Pitnets. ERα can be a potential biomarker for predicting tumor size and invasiveness as well as therapeutic target for NF-Pitnets. Selective estrogen receptor modulators or antiestrogen may represent as an alternative choice for the treatment of NF-Pitnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalina Haydar Ali Tajuddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazmi Kamaruddin
- Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlela Sukor
- Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elena Aisha Azizan
- Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Marzuki Omar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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11
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Hases L, Archer A, Indukuri R, Birgersson M, Savva C, Korach-André M, Williams C. High-fat diet and estrogen impacts the colon and its transcriptome in a sex-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16160. [PMID: 32999402 PMCID: PMC7527340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong association between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in men, whereas estrogen protects against both the metabolic syndrome and CRC. Colon is the first organ to respond to high-fat diet (HFD), and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) can attenuate CRC development. How estrogen impacts the colon under HFD and related sex differences has, however, not been investigated. To dissect this, mice were fed control diet or HFD for 13 weeks and administered receptor-selective estrogenic ligands for the last three weeks. We recorded impact on metabolism, colon crypt proliferation, macrophage infiltration, and the colon transcriptome. We found clear sex differences in the colon transcriptome and in the impact by HFD and estrogens, including on clock genes. ERα-selective activation reduced body weight and generated systemic effects, whereas ERβ-selective activation had local effects in the colon, attenuating HFD-induced macrophage infiltration and epithelial cell proliferation. We here demonstrate how HFD and estrogens modulate the colon microenvironment in a sex- and ER-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hases
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A Archer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - R Indukuri
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - M Birgersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Savva
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Unit and Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Korach-André
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Unit and Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Williams
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden. .,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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12
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Hou H, Uusküla-Reimand L, Makarem M, Corre C, Saleh S, Metcalf A, Goldenberg A, Palmert MR, Wilson MD. Gene expression profiling of puberty-associated genes reveals abundant tissue and sex-specific changes across postnatal development. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3585-3599. [PMID: 28911201 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of human puberty is highly variable, sexually dimorphic, and associated with adverse health outcomes. Over 20 genes carrying rare mutations have been identified in known pubertal disorders, many of which encode critical components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 candidate genes at loci associated with age at menarche or voice breaking in males. We know little about the spatial, temporal or postnatal expression patterns of the majority of these puberty-associated genes. Using a high-throughput and sensitive microfluidic quantitative PCR strategy, we profiled the gene expression patterns of the mouse orthologs of 178 puberty-associated genes in male and female mouse HPG axis tissues, the pineal gland, and the liver at five postnatal ages spanning the pubertal transition. The most dynamic gene expression changes were observed prior to puberty in all tissues. We detected known and novel tissue-enhanced gene expression patterns, with the hypothalamus expressing the largest number of the puberty-associated genes. Notably, over 40 puberty-associated genes in the pituitary gland showed sex-biased gene expression, most of which occurred peri-puberty. These sex-biased genes included the orthologs of candidate genes at GWAS loci that show sex-discordant effects on pubertal timing. Our findings provide new insight into the expression of puberty-associated genes and support the possibility that the pituitary plays a role in determining sex differences in the timing of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Hou
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Liis Uusküla-Reimand
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Maisam Makarem
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Christina Corre
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Shems Saleh
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E5, Canada
| | - Ariane Metcalf
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E5, Canada
| | - Mark R Palmert
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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13
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Tommiska J, Känsäkoski J, Skibsbye L, Vaaralahti K, Liu X, Lodge EJ, Tang C, Yuan L, Fagerholm R, Kanters JK, Lahermo P, Kaunisto M, Keski-Filppula R, Vuoristo S, Pulli K, Ebeling T, Valanne L, Sankila EM, Kivirikko S, Lääperi M, Casoni F, Giacobini P, Phan-Hug F, Buki T, Tena-Sempere M, Pitteloud N, Veijola R, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Kaunisto K, Mollard P, Andoniadou CL, Hirsch JA, Varjosalo M, Jespersen T, Raivio T. Two missense mutations in KCNQ1 cause pituitary hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1289. [PMID: 29097701 PMCID: PMC5668380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial growth hormone deficiency provides an opportunity to identify new genetic causes of short stature. Here we combine linkage analysis with whole-genome resequencing in patients with growth hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis. We report that patients from three unrelated families harbor either of two missense mutations, c.347G>T p.(Arg116Leu) or c.1106C>T p.(Pro369Leu), in KCNQ1, a gene previously implicated in the long QT interval syndrome. Kcnq1 is expressed in hypothalamic GHRH neurons and pituitary somatotropes. Co-expressing KCNQ1 with the KCNE2 β-subunit shows that both KCNQ1 mutants increase current levels in patch clamp analyses and are associated with reduced pituitary hormone secretion from AtT-20 cells. In conclusion, our results reveal a role for the KCNQ1 potassium channel in the regulation of human growth, and show that growth hormone deficiency associated with maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis is an allelic disorder with cardiac arrhythmia syndromes caused by KCNQ1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tommiska
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Känsäkoski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lasse Skibsbye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kirsi Vaaralahti
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biocenter 3, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emily J Lodge
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Floor 27 Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chuyi Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HUCH, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 22000, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte University Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, 22000, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Päivi Lahermo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sanna Vuoristo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Pulli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Finland and Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Valanne
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, HUCH, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sirpa Kivirikko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUCH, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mitja Lääperi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Filippo Casoni
- Inserm U1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, 59045, Lille, France.,University of Lille, School of Medicine, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm U1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, 59045, Lille, France.,University of Lille, School of Medicine, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Franziska Phan-Hug
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tal Buki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Structural Biology, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Center, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marita Lipsanen-Nyman
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Kaunisto
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Patrice Mollard
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Cynthia L Andoniadou
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Floor 27 Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joel A Hirsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Structural Biology, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biocenter 3, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Taneli Raivio
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
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14
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Integrating genome and transcriptome profiling for elucidating the mechanism of muscle growth and lipid deposition in Pekin ducks. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630415 PMCID: PMC5476626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle growth and lipid deposition are co-ordinately regulated processes. Cherry Valley Pekin duck is a lean-type duck breed with high growth rate, whereas the native Pekin duck of China has high lipid deposition. Phenotypic analysis showed that native Pekin ducks have smaller fibre diameter and larger density in the breast muscle at 3 weeks of age and higher intramuscular fat content at 6 weeks of age than those in Cherry Valley Pekin ducks. We detected 17 positively selected genes (PSGs) by comparing genes mainly involved with muscle organ development, muscle contraction, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signalling pathway, and fatty acid metabolism. In all, 52 and 206 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in transcriptomic comparisons between the two breeds at 3 and 6 weeks of age, respectively, which could potentially affect muscle growth and lipid deposition. Based on the integration of PSGs and DEGs and their functional annotations, we found that 11 and 10 genes were correlated with muscle growth and lipid deposition, respectively. Identification of candidate genes controlling quantitative traits of duck muscle might aid in elucidating the mechanisms of muscle growth and lipid deposition and could help in improving duck breeding.
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15
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Genes, Gender, Environment, and Novel Functions of Estrogen Receptor Beta in the Susceptibility to Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7030024. [PMID: 28241485 PMCID: PMC5366823 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurological disorders affect men and women differently regarding prevalence, progression, and severity. It is clear that many of these disorders may originate from defective signaling during fetal or perinatal brain development, which may affect males and females differently. Such sex-specific differences may originate from chromosomal or sex-hormone specific effects. This short review will focus on the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) signaling during perinatal brain development and put it in the context of sex-specific differences in neurodevelopmental disorders. We will discuss ERβ’s recent discovery in directing DNA de-methylation to specific sites, of which one such site may bear consequences for the susceptibility to the neurological reading disorder dyslexia. We will also discuss how dysregulations in sex-hormone signaling, like those evoked by endocrine disruptive chemicals, may affect this and other neurodevelopmental disorders in a sex-specific manner through ERβ.
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16
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Oakley OR, Kim KJ, Lin PC, Barakat R, Cacioppo JA, Li Z, Whitaker A, Chung KC, Mei W, Ko C. Estradiol Synthesis in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Leukocyte Regulation by a Sexually Monomorphic System. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4579-4587. [PMID: 27779914 PMCID: PMC5133356 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol is a potent sex hormone synthesized primarily by gonads in females and males that regulates development and function of the reproductive system. Recent studies show that 17β-estradiol is locally synthesized in nonreproductive tissues and regulates a myriad of events, including local inflammatory responses. In this study, we report that mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) and Peyer's patches (Pps) are novel sites of de novo synthesis of 17β-estradiol. These secondary lymphoid organs are located within or close to the gastrointestinal tract, contain leukocytes, and function at the forefront of immune surveillance. 17β-estradiol synthesis was initially identified using a transgenic mouse with red fluorescent protein coexpressed in cells that express aromatase, the enzyme responsible for 17β-estradiol synthesis. Subsequent immunohistochemistry and tissue culture experiments revealed that aromatase expression was localized to high endothelial venules of these lymphoid organs, and these high endothelial venule cells synthesized 17β-estradiol when isolated and cultured in vitro. Both mLNs and Pps contained 17β-estradiol with concentrations that were significantly higher than those of peripheral blood. Furthermore, the total amount of 17β-estradiol in these organs exceeded that of the gonads. Mice lacking either aromatase or estrogen receptor-β had hypertrophic Pps and mLNs with more leukocytes than their wild-type littermates, demonstrating a role for 17β-estradiol in leukocyte regulation. Importantly, we did not observe any sex-dependent differences in aromatase expression, 17β-estradiol content, or steroidogenic capacity in these lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R Oakley
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Jun Kim
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Po-Ching Lin
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph A Cacioppo
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexandra Whitaker
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenyan Mei
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hatakeyama J, Wald JH, Printsev I, Ho HYH, Carraway KL. Vangl1 and Vangl2: planar cell polarity components with a developing role in cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R345-56. [PMID: 24981109 PMCID: PMC4332879 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancers commonly reactivate embryonic developmental pathways to promote the aggressive behavior of their cells, resulting in metastasis and poor patient outcome. While developmental pathways such as canonical Wnt signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition have received much attention, our understanding of the role of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway in tumor progression remains rudimentary. Protein components of PCP, including a subset that overlaps with the canonical Wnt pathway, partition in polarized epithelial cells along the planar axis and are required for the establishment and maintenance of lateral epithelial polarity. Significant insight into PCP regulation of developmental and cellular processes has come from analysis of the functions of the core PCP scaffolding proteins Vangl1 and Vangl2. In particular, studies on zebrafish and with Looptail (Lp) mice, which harbor point mutations in Vangl2 that alter its trafficking and localization, point to roles for the PCP pathway in maintaining cell polarization along both the apical-basal and planar axes as well as in collective cell motility and invasiveness. Recent findings have suggested that the Vangls can promote similar processes in tumor cells. Initial data-mining efforts suggest that VANGL1 and VANGL2 are dysregulated in human cancers, and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients whose tumors exhibit elevated VANGL1 expression suffer from shortened overall survival. Overall, evidence is beginning to accumulate that the heightened cellular motility and invasiveness associated with PCP reactivation may contribute to the malignancy of some cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jessica H Wald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Ignat Printsev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Sánchez-Criado JE, Trudgen K, Millán Y, Blanco A, Monterde J, Garrido-Gracia JC, Gordon A, Aguilar R, Martín de las Mulas J, Ko C. Estrogen receptor (ESR) 2 partially offsets the absence of ESR1 in gonadotropes of pituitary-specific Esr1 knockout female mice. Reproduction 2012; 143:549-58. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor 1 and 2 (ESR1 and 2) mediate estrogen (E) action on gonadotrope function. While much is known about the effects of ESR1 on the gonadotrope, there is still some controversy regarding the effects of ESR2. To investigate the role of ESR2 in the gonadotrope, 45-day-old female mice of two different genotypes were used: wild type (WT) and pituitary (gonadotropes and thyrotropes)-specific Esr1 knockout (KO). All mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and 15 days later injected over 3 days with 2.5 μg 17β-estradiol (E2), 0.2 mg of the selective ESR1 or 2 agonists, propylpyrazole triol and diarylpropionitrile, respectively, or 0.1 ml oil. The day after treatment, anterior pituitary glands were dissected out for evaluation of gonadotrope ultrastructural morphology and pituitary immunohistochemical expression of progesterone receptor (Pgr (Pr)). Blood was collected and serum LH levels were assessed. Activation of ESR1 in WT mice resulted in the following: i) uterine ballooning and vaginal cornification, ii) negative feedback on LH secretion, iii) increased number of homogeneous (functional) gonadotropes, and iv) pituitary Pgr expression (35.9±2.0% of pituitary cells). Activation of ESR1 in KO mice induced normal uterine, vaginal, and LH secretion responses, but failed to increase the number of functional gonadotropes, and induced significantly lower Pgr expression (21.0±3.0% of pituitary cells) than in WT mice. Whilst activation of ESR2 had no significant effects in WT mice, it doubled the number of functional gonadotropes exhibited by KO mice injected with oil. It is concluded that E2 exerted its action in KO mouse gonadotropes via ESR2.
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