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Hoppe BS, Daw S, Cole P, Hodgson D, Beishuizen A, Garnier N, Buffardi S, Mascarin M, Ebeling T, Akyol A, Crowe R, Xu Y, Drachtman R, Kelly KM, Leblanc T, Harker-Murray PD. Consolidative Radio therapy in Place of Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Patients with Low-Risk Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) Treated with Nivolumab plus Brentuximab Vedotin: CheckMate 744. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S1-S2. [PMID: 37784262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Standard of care treatment for patients with relapsed and refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (RRHL) involves second line therapy followed by high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDT/ASCT) and carries with it significant costs and toxicities to the patient. Some patients with RRHL may not require such intensive therapy, especially in the era of targeted chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors. CheckMate 744 (NCT02927769) evaluated a novel second-line therapy that omits HDT/ASCT by combining brentuximab vedotin (BV) and a nivolumab (N) followed by consolidative ISRT for low risk RRHL. MATERIALS/METHODS Pts were aged 5-30 y and had one prior treatment without HDT/ASCT. Low-risk RRHL were those at relapse without B symptoms or extranodal disease, limited sites of relapse (≤4 sites of disease above the diaphragm or ≤3 sites above/below the diaphragm) AND with initial Stage IA, IIA with relapse <1 year if they received ≤3 cycles of chemotherapy and no RT OR Stage IA/B, IIA/B, IIIA ≥ 1 year. Patients received 4 cycles of N + BV induction. Patients with complete metabolic response (CMR) received an additional 2 cycles of N + BV before RT consolidation. Patients with suboptimal response received 2 cycles of BV + bendamustine intensification. Those patients achieving CMR proceeded to RT consolidation. RT was delivered to a dose of 30-30.6 Gy at 1.5-1.8 Gy/fraction to an ISRT volume. RESULTS Among 28 pts treated, the median age (range) was 17 (6-27) years old and 64% of patients were aged < 18 y. Most (79%) pts had stage II disease at diagnosis and 82% had relapsed ≥ 12 months after first line treatment. Of 27 pts continuing in study after induction N + BV, 6 received bendamustine + BV intensification, and 92.9% achieved complete metabolic response. Twenty-two patients received RT consolidation. RT consolidation was delivered using 3D-CRT, IMRT, or proton therapy. After a median (range) follow-up of 31.8 (2.2-55.1) months, the 3-y event-free survival rate and progression-free survival were 86.9% (69.5-94.7%) and 95% (76.7-99%), respectively. CONCLUSION A novel combination of N + BV followed by ISRT was an effective second line therapy. This treatment regimen allowed patients to forgo high dose therapy and transplant in favor of consolidative radiotherapy using ISRT. Larger studies challenging the role of high dose therapy and transplant are needed for RRHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Hoppe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - S Daw
- University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Cole
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Section of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - D Hodgson
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Beishuizen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - N Garnier
- Institut d'hematologie et d'onologie dediatrique, Lyon, France
| | - S Buffardi
- Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M Mascarin
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - T Ebeling
- Charite Universitats Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Akyol
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - R Crowe
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Boudry, Switzerland
| | - Y Xu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - R Drachtman
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Section of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - K M Kelly
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - T Leblanc
- Hôpital Robert-Debré APHP, Paris, France
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Yliaska I, Tokola H, Ebeling T, Kuismin O, Ukkola O, Koivikko ML, Lesonen T, Rimpiläinen J, Felin T, Ryhänen E, Metso S, Schalin-Jäntti C, Salmela P. Thymic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Endocrine 2022; 77:527-537. [PMID: 35696052 PMCID: PMC9385812 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MEN1 is associated with an increased risk of developing tumors in different endocrine organs. Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus (TNETs) are very rare but often have an aggressive nature. We evaluated patients with MEN1 and TNET in three university hospitals in Finland. DESIGN/METHODS We evaluated patient records of 183 MEN1-patients from three university hospitals between the years 1985-2019 with TNETs. Thymus tumor specimens were classified according to the new WHO 2021 classification of TNET. We collected data on treatments and outcomes of these patients. RESULTS There were six patients (3.3%) with MEN1 and TNET. Five of them had the same common gene mutation occurring in Finland. They originated from common ancestors encompassing two pairs of brothers from sequential generations. The mean age at presentation of TNET was 44.7 ± 11.9 years. TNET was classified as atypical carcinoid (AC) in five out of six patients. One patient had a largely necrotic main tumor with very few mitoses and another nodule with 25 mitoses per 2 mm2, qualifying for the 2021 WHO diagnosis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). In our patients, the 5-year survival of the TNET patients was 62.5% and 10-year survival 31.3%. CONCLUSION In this study, TNETs were observed in one large MEN1 founder pedigree, where an anticipation-like earlier disease onset was observed in the most recent generation. TNET in MEN1 patients is an aggressive disease. The prognosis can be better by systematic screening. We also show that LCNEC can be associated with TNET in MEN1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Yliaska
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Heikki Tokola
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olavi Ukkola
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna L Koivikko
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Lesonen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Tuuli Felin
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Tampere University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Ryhänen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Metso
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Tampere University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Salmela
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Koivikko M, Ebeling T, Mäkinen M, Leppäluoto J, Raappana A, Ahtiainen P, Salmela P. Acromegaly caused by a GHRH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: a rare manifestation of MEN1 syndrome. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2022; 2022:21-0079. [PMID: 35199646 PMCID: PMC8897594 DOI: 10.1530/edm-21-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 NM_001370259.2(MEN1):c.466G>C(p.Gly156Arg) is characterized by tumors of various endocrine organs. We report on a rare, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-releasing pancreatic tumor in a MEN1 patient with a long-term follow-up after surgery. A 22-year-old male with MEN1 syndrome, primary hyperparathyroidism and an acromegalic habitus was observed to have a pancreatic tumor on abdominal CT scanning, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were elevated and plasma GHRH was exceptionally high. GHRH and GH were measured before the treatment and were followed during the study. During octreotide treatment, IGF1 normalized and the GH curve was near normal. After surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, a pancreatic tail tumor was enucleated. The tumor cells were positive for GHRH antibody staining. After the operation, acromegaly was cured as judged by laboratory tests. No reactivation of acromegaly has been seen during a 20-year follow-up. In conclusion, an ectopic GHRH-producing, pancreatic endocrine neoplasia may represent a rare manifestation of MEN1 syndrome. LEARNING POINTS Clinical suspicion is in a key position in detecting acromegaly. Remember genetic disorders with young individuals having primary hyperparathyroidism. Consider multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome when a person has several endocrine neoplasia. Acromegaly may be of ectopic origin with patients showing no abnormalities in radiological imaging of the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Koivikko
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Mäkinen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Antti Raappana
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Ahtiainen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pasi Salmela
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Toivanen S, Leijon H, Arola A, Soinio M, Hämäläinen PO, Metso S, Knutar O, Koivikko M, Ebeling T, Moilanen L, Norvio L, Tamminen M, Rautiainen P, Vehkavaara S, Ryhänen E, Pekkarinen T, Matikainen N, Sane T, Schalin-Jäntti C. Characteristics and outcomes of the Finnish ectopic ACTH syndrome cohort. Endocrine 2021; 74:387-395. [PMID: 34036515 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is rare. We established a national cohort to increase awareness and address unmet needs. METHODS The Finnish national EAS cohort includes 60 patients diagnosed in 1997-2016. We assessed clinical features, diagnostic work-ups, treatments, incidence, and outcomes of subgroups occult tumor (OT), well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor G1/G2 (NETG1/G2) and NET G3/neuroendocrine carcinoma (NETG3/NEC). RESULTS The distribution of OT, NETG1/G2, and NETG3/NEC was 10 (17%), 20 (33%), and 30 (50%), respectively; and median follow-up 22 months (0-249). Annual incidence (0.20-0.93 per million inhabitants) and tumor subgroups (OT vs. NEC) varied across the country. The longest diagnostic delay from EAS onset to radiological tumor identification was 48 months. In NET/NEC, 6/50 (12%) were diagnosed 1-24 years before EAS onset. Osteoporotic fractures (32%) and severe infections (55%) were common. The CRH stimulation test accurately diagnosed EAS in 25/31 (81%). Metyrapone (≤6 g daily, prescribed in 88%) was well tolerated. In NETG1/G2, 13/20 (65%) underwent curative resection of the primary tumor; four experienced recurrence within 2-12 years. In OT, 70% underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. Five-year overall survival in OT, NETG1/G2, and NETG3/NEC was 90%, 55%, and 0%, respectively (P < 0.001). Morning cortisol, hypokalemia, infections, metastatic disease, and acute onset were negative, whereas resection of the primary tumor and bilateral adrenalectomy were positive predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS NET/NEC may precede EAS onset by several years. In NETG1/G2, recurrences may occur > 10 years after successful primary surgery. Tumor subgroup (OT, NETG1/G2, NEC) was an independent predictor of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Toivanen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Divison of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Helena Leijon
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aura Arola
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Soinio
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi O Hämäläinen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Metso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Otto Knutar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Minna Koivikko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Norvio
- Divison of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Marjo Tamminen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Kymenlaakso, Kotka, Finland
| | - Päivi Rautiainen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joint Muncipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun sote), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Satu Vehkavaara
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Ryhänen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Pekkarinen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Matikainen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sane
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Peltola E, Hannula P, Huhtala H, Metso S, Sand J, Laukkarinen J, Tiikkainen M, Sirén J, Soinio M, Nuutila P, Moilanen L, Laaksonen DE, Ebeling T, Arola J, Schalin-Jäntti C, Jaatinen P. Long-term morbidity and mortality in patients diagnosed with an insulinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:577-586. [PMID: 34374651 PMCID: PMC8784472 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulinomas are rare functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. As previous data on the long-term prognosis of insulinoma patients are scarce, we studied the morbidity and mortality in the Finnish insulinoma cohort. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Incidence of endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and psychiatric disorders, and cancers was compared in all the patients diagnosed with an insulinoma in Finland during 1980-2010 (n = 79, including two patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome), vs 316 matched controls, using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Overall survival was analysed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The median length of follow-up was 10.7 years for the patients and 12.2 years for the controls. The long-term incidence of atrial fibrillation (rate ratio (RR): 2.07 (95% CI: 1.02-4.22)), intestinal obstruction (18.65 (2.09-166.86)), and possibly breast (4.46 (1.29-15.39) and kidney cancers (RR not applicable) was increased among insulinoma patients vs controls, P < 0.05 for all comparisons. Endocrine disorders and pancreatic diseases were more frequent in the patients during the first year after insulinoma diagnosis, but not later on. The survival of patients with a non-metastatic insulinoma (n = 70) was similar to that of controls, but for patients with distant metastases (n = 9), the survival was significantly impaired (median 3.4 years). CONCLUSIONS The long-term prognosis of patients with a non-metastatic insulinoma is similar to the general population, except for an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, intestinal obstruction, and possibly breast and kidney cancers. These results need to be confirmed in future studies. Metastatic insulinomas entail a markedly decreased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Peltola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Correspondence should be addressed to E Peltola;
| | - Päivi Hannula
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Metso
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Sand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Laukkarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jukka Sirén
- Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Soinio
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Tapani Ebeling
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Jaatinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Savukoski SM, Niinimäki MJ, Pesonen PRO, Auvinen JP, Männistö T, Puukka KS, Ebeling T, Suvanto ETJ. Is climacterium by the mid-40s associated with thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity? A population-based study. Menopause 2021; 28:1053-1059. [PMID: 34010935 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether more advanced climacteric stage in the mid-40s is associated with thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction. METHODS This cross-sectional cohort study included 2,569 46-year-old women. Thyroid hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were determined. Using menstrual history and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, the participants were divided into climacteric (n = 340) and preclimacteric (n = 2,229) groups. Women diagnosed with premature ovarian insufficiency (menopause by 40 y of age) were excluded. The use of thyroid medication was evaluated from the medication reimbursement register. The prevalence of thyroid medication use, laboratory-based thyroid dysfunction, and thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity was compared between the two groups. The association between climacteric status and thyroid disorders was investigated using a logistic regression model including smoking and thyroid antibody status. RESULTS At 46 years old, climacteric women used thyroid medication more often than preclimacteric women (9.1% vs 6.1%; P = 0.04). There was no difference in the prevalence of subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in nonmedicated participants (5.5% vs 5.0%; P = 0.7) or thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity (14.0% vs 15.0%, P = 0.7). In the regression model, being climacteric (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.3; P = 0.02) and antibody positivity (OR 4.9; 95% CI 3.6-6.6; P < 0.001) were associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS More advanced climacteric stage in the mid-40s was slightly associated with thyroid dysfunction but not thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna M Savukoski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, OYS, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit J Niinimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, OYS, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula R O Pesonen
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P Auvinen
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuija Männistö
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NordLab Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri S Puukka
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NordLab Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, OYS, Finland
| | - Eila T J Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, OYS, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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7
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Peltola E, Hannula P, Huhtala H, Sintonen H, Metso S, Sand J, Laukkarinen J, Tiikkainen M, Schalin-Jäntti C, Sirén J, Soinio M, Nuutila P, Moilanen L, Ebeling T, Jaatinen P. Long-term health-related quality of life in persons diagnosed with an insulinoma in Finland 1980-2010. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 94:250-257. [PMID: 32974918 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulinomas are rare pancreatic neoplasms, which can usually be cured by surgery. As the diagnostic delay is often long and the prolonged hyperinsulinemia may have long-term effects on health and the quality of life, we studied the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in insulinoma patients. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS The HRQoL of adults diagnosed with an insulinoma in Finland in 1980-2010 was studied with the 15D instrument, and the results were compared to those of an age- and gender-matched sample of the general population. The minimum clinically important difference in the total 15D score has been defined as ±0.015. The clinical characteristics, details of insulinoma diagnosis and treatment, and the current health status of the subjects were examined to specify the possible determinants of long-term HRQoL. RESULTS Thirty-eight insulinoma patients participated in the HRQoL survey (response rate 75%). All had undergone surgery with a curative aim, a median of 13 (min 7, max 34) years before the survey. The insulinoma patients had a clinically importantly and statistically significantly better mean 15D score compared with the controls (0.930 ± 0.072 vs 0.903 ± 0.039, P = .046) and were significantly better off regarding mobility, usual activities and eating. Among the insulinoma patients, younger age at the time of survey, higher level of education and smaller number of chronic diseases were associated with better overall HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS In the long term, the overall HRQoL of insulinoma patients is slightly better than that of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Peltola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Päivi Hannula
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sintonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Metso
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Sand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Laukkarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mirja Tiikkainen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Sirén
- Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Soinio
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pia Jaatinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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8
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Kjellman M, Knigge U, Welin S, Thiis-Evensen E, Gronbaek H, Schalin-Jäntti C, Sorbye H, Joergensen MT, Johanson V, Metso S, Waldum H, Søreide JA, Ebeling T, Lindberg F, Landerholm K, Wallin G, Salem F, Schneider MDP, Belusa R. A Plasma Protein Biomarker Strategy for Detection of Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:840-849. [PMID: 32721955 PMCID: PMC8686712 DOI: 10.1159/000510483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) are difficult to diagnose in the early stage of disease. Current blood biomarkers such as chromogranin A (CgA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid have low sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE). This is a first preplanned interim analysis (Nordic non-interventional, prospective, exploratory, EXPLAIN study [NCT02630654]). Its objective is to investigate if a plasma protein multi-biomarker strategy can improve diagnostic accuracy (ACC) in SI-NETs. METHODS At the time of diagnosis, before any disease-specific treatment was initiated, blood was collected from patients with advanced SI-NETs and 92 putative cancer-related plasma proteins from 135 patients were analyzed and compared with the results of age- and sex-matched controls (n = 143), using multiplex proximity extension assay and machine learning techniques. RESULTS Using a random forest model including 12 top ranked plasma proteins in patients with SI-NETs, the multi-biomarker strategy showed SEN and SPE of 89 and 91%, respectively, with negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of 90 and 91%, respectively, to identify patients with regional or metastatic disease with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 99%. In 30 patients with normal CgA concentrations, the model provided a diagnostic SPE of 98%, SEN of 56%, and NPV 90%, PPV of 90%, and AUROC 97%, regardless of proton pump inhibitor intake. CONCLUSION This interim analysis demonstrates that a multi-biomarker/machine learning strategy improves diagnostic ACC of patients with SI-NET at the time of diagnosis, especially in patients with normal CgA levels. The results indicate that this multi-biomarker strategy can be useful for early detection of SI-NETs at presentation and conceivably detect recurrence after radical primary resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Kjellman
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Ulrich Knigge
- Department of Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Centre of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Staffan Welin
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Centre of Excellence, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Espen Thiis-Evensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Centre of Excellence, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Gronbaek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Centre of Excellence, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Halfdan Sorbye
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical Science, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Viktor Johanson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saara Metso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jon Arne Søreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland and Division of Endocrinology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fredrik Lindberg
- Department of Surgery, Norrland University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kalle Landerholm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University and Department of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Goran Wallin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Farhad Salem
- Skånes University Hospital, Unit for Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Savukoski S, Mäkelä H, Auvinen J, Jokelainen J, Puukka K, Ebeling T, Suvanto E, Niinimäki M. Climacteric Status at the Age of 46: Impact on Metabolic Outcomes in Population-Based Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2701-2711. [PMID: 30753521 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Menopausal transition is associated with increased cardiovascular risks. Available data on the effect of earlier climacterium on these risks are limited. OBJECTIVE To compare cardiovascular risk-associated parameters at the ages of 14, 31, and 46 in relation to climacteric status at the age of 46. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective cohort study including 2685 women from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Follicle-stimulating hormone, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure (BP), body composition, cholesterol levels, testosterone (T) levels, free androgen index (FAI), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and liver enzymes. RESULTS Women who were climacteric at the age of 46 had lower BMIs (P = 0.029), T levels (P = 0.018), and FAIs (P = 0.009) at the age of 31. At the age of 46, they had less skeletal muscle (P < 0.001), a higher fat percentage (P = 0.016), higher cholesterol levels [total cholesterol (P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; P = 0.022), and triglycerides (P = 0.008)], and higher alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.023) and γ-glutamyltransferase (P < 0.001) levels compared with preclimacteric women. Waist circumference, WHR, BP, and hs-CRP levels did not differ between the groups. Of the climacteric women, 111/381 were using hormone-replacement therapy (HRT). In subanalysis that excluded the HRT users, triglycerides, HDL-C, and body fat percentage did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Earlier climacterium is associated with mainly unfavorable metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Savukoski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannele Mäkelä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulunkaari Health Centre, Ii, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Puukka
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NordLab Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eila Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Niinimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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10
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Storvall S, Ryhänen E, Bensch FV, Heiskanen I, Kytölä S, Ebeling T, Mäkelä S, Schalin‐Jäntti C. Recurrent Metastasized Parathyroid Carcinoma-Long-Term Remission After Combined Treatments With Surgery, Radiotherapy, Cinacalcet, Zoledronic Acid, and Temozolomide. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10114. [PMID: 31044184 PMCID: PMC6478586 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism with rather poor prognosis. Apart from surgery, no evidence-based treatments exist. A 48-year-old woman presented with weight loss, nausea, constipation, hypercalcemic crisis, and a recurrent neck tumor 5 years after primary surgery of a parathyroid tumor that primarily was classified as an adenoma. Histopathological reevaluation of the original tumor revealed the correct diagnosis to be parathyroid carcinoma (PC). The patient underwent surgery of the recurrent tumor, which was locally invasive with metastatic spread to the mediastinum and neck lymph nodes. Computed tomography demonstrated large lytic bone lesions in both iliac bones including, on the right, a soft tissue mass compatible with bone metastasis. The patient was treated with cinacalcet, repeated zoledronic acid infusions, and temozolomide cycles for 1 year. She underwent two additional neck surgeries for PC and sternotomy for resection of mediastinal metastases. Massive osteolytic lesions in both femoral necks caused imminent fracture risk and therefore both femurs were prophylactically stabilized by intramedullary nail. Serum calcium normalized after the third neck surgery, cinacalcet was discontinued, and parathyroid hormone gradually normalized during continued treatments with temozolomide, adjuvant radiotherapy, and zoledronic acid, with no signs of active disease on imaging and normal biochemistry. The patient remains in remission 17 years after successful combined treatments for recurrent, metastasized PC. The parathyroid tumor tissue demonstrated high O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status, a known predictor of positive temozolomide treatment response in other tumors. In addition, synergistic effects of multiple treatments may have accounted for the favorable response. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Storvall
- Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Eeva Ryhänen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Frank V Bensch
- RadiologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ilkka Heiskanen
- Endocrine SurgeryAbdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Soili Kytölä
- Laboratory of Genetics, HUSLABHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- EndocrinologyUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Siru Mäkelä
- Department of OncologyComprehensive Cancer CentreUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Camilla Schalin‐Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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11
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Seidelmann SB, Feofanova E, Yu B, Franceschini N, Claggett B, Kuokkanen M, Puolijoki H, Ebeling T, Perola M, Salomaa V, Shah A, Coresh J, Selvin E, MacRae CA, Cheng S, Boerwinkle E, Solomon SD. Genetic Variants in SGLT1, Glucose Tolerance, and Cardiometabolic Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:1763-1773. [PMID: 30286918 PMCID: PMC6403489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function mutations in the SGLT1 (sodium/glucose co-transporter-1) gene result in a rare glucose/galactose malabsorption disorder and neonatal death if untreated. In the general population, variants related to intestinal glucose absorption remain uncharacterized. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to identify functional SGLT1 gene variants and characterize their clinical consequences. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study participants enrolled from 4 U.S. communities. The association of functional, nonsynonymous substitutions in SGLT1 with 2-h oral glucose tolerance test results was determined. Variants related to impaired glucose tolerance were studied, and Mendelian randomization analysis of cardiometabolic outcomes was performed. RESULTS Among 5,687 European-American subjects (mean age 54 ± 6 years; 47% male), those who carried a haplotype of 3 missense mutations (frequency of 6.7%)-Asn51Ser, Ala411Thr, and His615Gln-had lower 2-h glucose and odds of impaired glucose tolerance than noncarriers (β-coefficient: -8.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -12.7 to -3.3; OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.86, respectively). The association of the haplotype with oral glucose tolerance test results was consistent in a replication sample of 2,791 African-American subjects (β = -16.3; 95% CI: -36.6 to 4.1; OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.91) and an external European-Finnish population sample of 6,784 subjects (β = -3.2; 95% CI: -6.4 to -0.02; OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.98). Using a Mendelian randomization approach in the index cohort, the estimated 25-year effect of a reduction of 20 mg/dl in 2-h glucose via SGLT1 inhibition would be reduced prevalent obesity (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.63), incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.81), heart failure (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.83), and death (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.90). CONCLUSIONS Functionally damaging missense variants in SGLT1 protect from diet-induced hyperglycemia in multiple populations. Reduced intestinal glucose uptake may protect from long-term cardiometabolic outcomes, providing support for therapies that target SGLT1 function to prevent and treat metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Seidelmann
- Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena Feofanova
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Bing Yu
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gilling Global School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mikko Kuokkanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amil Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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12
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Pajamäki N, Metso S, Hakala T, Ebeling T, Huhtala H, Ryödi E, Sand J, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Jaatinen P. Long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients treated for differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:303-310. [PMID: 29154445 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thyroid hormone suppression therapy has been widely used in the treatment of thyroid cancer, but concerns have been raised about the cardiovascular risks of this treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients treated for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and to assess the effect of TSH suppression and radioiodine (RAI) treatment on the cardiovascular outcome. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Patients (n = 901) treated for DTC between 1981 and 2002 at 2 Finnish University hospitals were compared with a randomly chosen reference group (n = 4485) matched for age, gender and the place of residence. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of morbidity or death due to different cardiovascular diseases (CVD) after the diagnosis of DTC. RESULTS Morbidity due to any CVD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.28) and due to all arrhythmias (HR 1.25, CI 1.06-1.48) and atrial fibrillation (AF) (HR 1.29, CI 1.06-1.57) was more frequent in the DTC patients than in the controls. The increased cardiovascular morbidity was confined to patients with a mean TSH level below 0.1 mU/L (HR 1.27, CI 1.03-1.58) and to those treated with RAI (HR 1.18, CI 1.05-1.31). Cardiovascular mortality, however, was lower among the patients than the controls (HR 0.73, CI 0.58-0.92), due to a lower mortality from coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS Differentiated thyroid cancer patients have an increased CVD morbidity, which is mostly accountable to AF and to TSH suppression below 0.1 mU/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Pajamäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Tipotie Health Centre, Social and Health Services, City of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Metso
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Hakala
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Essi Ryödi
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Center Co., Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Sand
- Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | | | - Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pia Jaatinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
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13
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Peltola E, Hannula P, Huhtala H, Metso S, Kiviniemi U, Vornanen M, Sand J, Laukkarinen J, Tiikkainen M, Schalin-Jäntti C, Arola J, Sirén J, Piiroinen A, Soinio M, Nuutila P, Söderström M, Hämäläinen H, Moilanen L, Laaksonen D, Pirinen E, Sundelin F, Ebeling T, Salmela P, Mäkinen MJ, Jaatinen P. Characteristics and Outcomes of 79 Patients with an Insulinoma: A Nationwide Retrospective Study in Finland. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2059481. [PMID: 30425741 PMCID: PMC6218736 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2059481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulinomas are rare pancreatic tumours. Population-based data on their incidence, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment are almost nonexistent. The aim of this study was to clarify these aspects in a nationwide cohort of insulinoma patients diagnosed during three decades. DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective analysis on all adult patients diagnosed with insulinoma in Finland during 1980-2010. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients were diagnosed with insulinoma over the research period. The median follow-up from diagnosis to last control visit was one (min 0, max 31) year. The incidence increased from 0.5/million/year in the 1980s to 0.9/million/year in the 2000s (p = 0.002). The median diagnostic delay was 13 months and did not change over the study period. The mean age at diagnosis was 52 (SD 16) years. The overall imaging sensitivity improved from 39% in the 1980s to 98% in the 2000s (p < 0.001). Seventy-one (90%) of the patients underwent surgery with a curative aim, two (3%) had palliative surgery, and 6 (8%) were inoperable. There were no significant differences in the types of surgical procedures between the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s; tumour enucleations comprised 43% of the operations, distal pancreatic resections 45%, and pancreaticoduodenectomies 12%, over the whole study period. Of the patients who underwent surgery with a curative aim, 89% had a full recovery. Postoperative complications occurred in half of the patients, but postoperative mortality was rare. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of insulinomas has increased during the past three decades. Despite the improved diagnostic options, diagnostic delay has remained unchanged. To shorten the delay, clinicians should be informed and alert to consider the possibility of hypoglycemia and insulinoma, when symptomatic attacks are investigated in different sectors of the healthcare system. Developing the surgical treatment is another major target, in order to lower the overall complication rate, without compromising the high cure rate of insulinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Peltola
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Päivi Hannula
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Metso
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ulla Kiviniemi
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Martine Vornanen
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pathology Department, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Juhani Sand
- Päijät-Häme Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Finland
| | - Johanna Laukkarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Mirja Tiikkainen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Pathology, HUSLAB Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
- Pathology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Sirén
- Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Minna Soinio
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Hanna Hämäläinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Elina Pirinen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Fia Sundelin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
- Endocrinology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pasi Salmela
- Endocrinology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Markus J. Mäkinen
- Research Unit of Cancer and Translational Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pia Jaatinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
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Liu DJ, Peloso GM, Yu H, Butterworth AS, Wang X, Mahajan A, Saleheen D, Emdin C, Alam D, Alves AC, Amouyel P, di Angelantonio E, Arveiler D, Assimes TL, Auer PL, Baber U, Ballantyne CM, Bang LE, Benn M, Bis JC, Boehnke M, Boerwinkle E, Bork-Jensen J, Bottinger EP, Brandslund I, Brown M, Busonero F, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YE, Chen YDI, Chowdhury R, Christensen C, Chu AY, Connell JM, Cucca F, Cupples LA, Damrauer SM, Davies G, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Denny JC, Dominiczak A, Dubé MP, Ebeling T, Eiriksdottir G, Esko T, Farmaki AE, Feitosa MF, Ferrario M, Ferrieres J, Ford I, Fornage M, Franks PW, Frayling TM, Frikke-Schmidt R, Fritsche L, Frossard P, Fuster V, Ganesh SK, Gao W, Garcia ME, Gieger C, Giulianini F, Goodarzi MO, Grallert H, Grarup N, Groop L, Grove ML, Gudnason V, Hansen T, Harris TB, Hayward C, Hirschhorn JN, Holmen OL, Huffman J, Huo Y, Hveem K, Jabeen S, Jackson AU, Jakobsdottir J, Jarvelin MR, Jensen GB, Jørgensen ME, Jukema JW, Justesen JM, Kamstrup PR, Kanoni S, Karpe F, Kee F, Khera AV, Klarin D, Koistinen HA, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Kuulasmaa K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lakka T, Langenberg C, Langsted A, Launer LJ, Lauritzen T, Liewald DCM, Lin LA, Linneberg A, Loos RJ, Lu Y, Lu X, Mägi R, Malarstig A, Manichaikul A, Manning AK, Mäntyselkä P, Marouli E, Masca NGD, Maschio A, Meigs JB, Melander O, Metspalu A, Morris AP, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Müller-Nurasyid M, Munroe PB, Neville MJ, Nielsen JB, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, Ordovas JM, Mehran R, O’Donnell CJ, Orho-Melander M, Molony CM, Muntendam P, Padmanabhan S, Palmer CNA, Pasko D, Patel AP, Pedersen O, Perola M, Peters A, Pisinger C, Pistis G, Polasek O, Poulter N, Psaty BM, Rader DJ, Rasheed A, Rauramaa R, Reilly D, Reiner AP, Renström F, Rich SS, Ridker PM, Rioux JD, Robertson NR, Roden DM, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sanna S, Sattar N, Schmidt EM, Scott RA, Sever P, Sevilla RS, Shaffer CM, Sim X, Sivapalaratnam S, Small KS, Smith AV, Smith BH, Somayajula S, Southam L, Spector TD, Speliotes EK, Starr JM, Stirrups KE, Stitziel N, Strauch K, Stringham HM, Surendran P, Tada H, Tall AR, Tang H, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Trompet S, Tsao PS, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, van Zuydam NR, Varbo A, Varga TV, Virtamo J, Waldenberger M, Wang N, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Weeke PE, Weinstock J, Wessel J, Wilson JG, Wilson PWF, Xu M, Yaghootkar H, Young R, Zeggini E, Zhang H, Zheng NS, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Zoledziewska M, Howson JMM, Danesh J, McCarthy MI, Cowan C, Abecasis G, Deloukas P, Musunuru K, Willer CJ, Kathiresan S. Exome-wide association study of plasma lipids in >300,000 individuals. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1758-1766. [PMID: 29083408 PMCID: PMC5709146 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We screened variants on an exome-focused genotyping array in >300,000 participants (replication in >280,000 participants) and identified 444 independent variants in 250 loci significantly associated with total cholesterol (TC), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and/or triglycerides (TG). At two loci (JAK2 and A1CF), experimental analysis in mice showed lipid changes consistent with the human data. We also found that: (i) beta-thalassemia trait carriers displayed lower TC and were protected from coronary artery disease (CAD); (ii) excluding the CETP locus, there was not a predictable relationship between plasma HDL-C and risk for age-related macular degeneration; (iii) only some mechanisms of lowering LDL-C appeared to increase risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D); and (iv) TG-lowering alleles involved in hepatic production of TG-rich lipoproteins (TM6SF2 and PNPLA3) tracked with higher liver fat, higher risk for T2D, and lower risk for CAD, whereas TG-lowering alleles involved in peripheral lipolysis (LPL and ANGPTL4) had no effect on liver fat but decreased risks for both T2D and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang J. Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gina M. Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haojie Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiao Wang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Connor Emdin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France
| | - Emanuele di Angelantonio
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominique Arveiler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA 3430, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Paul L. Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Usman Baber
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Lia E. Bang
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Benn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erwin P. Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morris Brown
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fabio Busonero
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- The Barts Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Audrey Y. Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John M Connell
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Joshua C. Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Dominiczak
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marco Ferrario
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine – EPIMED, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jean Ferrieres
- Department of Epidemiology, UMR 1027- INSERM, Toulouse University-CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ian Ford
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Fritsche
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Valentin Fuster
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | | | - Christian Gieger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Megan L. Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- The University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oddgeir L. Holmen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- St Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jennifer Huffman
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Dept of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Anne U Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Johanna Jakobsdottir
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- The University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Gorm B Jensen
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Marit E. Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, Southern Denmark University, Denmark
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanne M. Justesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia R. Kamstrup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Director, UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Amit V. Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heikki A. Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki; and Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Langsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Department of Public Health, Section of General Practice, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David CM Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Li An Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anders Malarstig
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pharmatherapeutics Clinical Research, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Sollentuna, Sweden
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alisa K. Manning
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Unit of Primary Health Care, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas GD Masca
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester UK
| | - Andrea Maschio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - James B. Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital Malmo Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonas B. Nielsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Investigation, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christoper J. O’Donnell
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital Malmo Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Cliona M. Molony
- Genetics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin NA Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Dorota Pasko
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Aniruddh P. Patel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Departments of Genetics, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dermot Reilly
- Genetics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Neil R Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan M. Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester UK
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Naveed Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ellen M. Schmidt
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Sever
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Christian M. Shaffer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Albert V. Smith
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- The University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathleen E Stirrups
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathan Stitziel
- Cardiovascular Division, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Praveen Surendran
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hayato Tada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Alan R. Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie R van Zuydam
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Anette Varbo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nan Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen R Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter E. Weeke
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua Weinstock
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer Wessel
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter W. F. Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Robin Young
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - He Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Joanna MM Howson
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Chad Cowan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Tommiska J, Känsäkoski J, Skibsbye L, Vaaralahti K, Liu X, Lodge EJ, Tang C, Yuan L, Fagerholm R, Kanters JK, Lahermo P, Kaunisto M, Keski-Filppula R, Vuoristo S, Pulli K, Ebeling T, Valanne L, Sankila EM, Kivirikko S, Lääperi M, Casoni F, Giacobini P, Phan-Hug F, Buki T, Tena-Sempere M, Pitteloud N, Veijola R, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Kaunisto K, Mollard P, Andoniadou CL, Hirsch JA, Varjosalo M, Jespersen T, Raivio T. Two missense mutations in KCNQ1 cause pituitary hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1289. [PMID: 29097701 PMCID: PMC5668380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial growth hormone deficiency provides an opportunity to identify new genetic causes of short stature. Here we combine linkage analysis with whole-genome resequencing in patients with growth hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis. We report that patients from three unrelated families harbor either of two missense mutations, c.347G>T p.(Arg116Leu) or c.1106C>T p.(Pro369Leu), in KCNQ1, a gene previously implicated in the long QT interval syndrome. Kcnq1 is expressed in hypothalamic GHRH neurons and pituitary somatotropes. Co-expressing KCNQ1 with the KCNE2 β-subunit shows that both KCNQ1 mutants increase current levels in patch clamp analyses and are associated with reduced pituitary hormone secretion from AtT-20 cells. In conclusion, our results reveal a role for the KCNQ1 potassium channel in the regulation of human growth, and show that growth hormone deficiency associated with maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis is an allelic disorder with cardiac arrhythmia syndromes caused by KCNQ1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tommiska
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Känsäkoski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lasse Skibsbye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kirsi Vaaralahti
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biocenter 3, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emily J Lodge
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Floor 27 Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chuyi Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HUCH, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 22000, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte University Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, 22000, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Päivi Lahermo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sanna Vuoristo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Pulli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Finland and Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Valanne
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, HUCH, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sirpa Kivirikko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUCH, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mitja Lääperi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Filippo Casoni
- Inserm U1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, 59045, Lille, France.,University of Lille, School of Medicine, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm U1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, 59045, Lille, France.,University of Lille, School of Medicine, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Franziska Phan-Hug
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tal Buki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Structural Biology, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Center, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marita Lipsanen-Nyman
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Kaunisto
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Patrice Mollard
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Cynthia L Andoniadou
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Floor 27 Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joel A Hirsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Structural Biology, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biocenter 3, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Taneli Raivio
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Graff M, Scott RA, Justice AE, Young KL, Feitosa MF, Barata L, Winkler TW, Chu AY, Mahajan A, Hadley D, Xue L, Workalemahu T, Heard-Costa NL, den Hoed M, Ahluwalia TS, Qi Q, Ngwa JS, Renström F, Quaye L, Eicher JD, Hayes JE, Cornelis M, Kutalik Z, Lim E, Luan J, Huffman JE, Zhang W, Zhao W, Griffin PJ, Haller T, Ahmad S, Marques-Vidal PM, Bien S, Yengo L, Teumer A, Smith AV, Kumari M, Harder MN, Justesen JM, Kleber ME, Hollensted M, Lohman K, Rivera NV, Whitfield JB, Zhao JH, Stringham HM, Lyytikäinen LP, Huppertz C, Willemsen G, Peyrot WJ, Wu Y, Kristiansson K, Demirkan A, Fornage M, Hassinen M, Bielak LF, Cadby G, Tanaka T, Mägi R, van der Most PJ, Jackson AU, Bragg-Gresham JL, Vitart V, Marten J, Navarro P, Bellis C, Pasko D, Johansson Å, Snitker S, Cheng YC, Eriksson J, Lim U, Aadahl M, Adair LS, Amin N, Balkau B, Auvinen J, Beilby J, Bergman RN, Bergmann S, Bertoni AG, Blangero J, Bonnefond A, Bonnycastle LL, Borja JB, Brage S, Busonero F, Buyske S, Campbell H, Chines PS, Collins FS, Corre T, Smith GD, Delgado GE, Dueker N, Dörr M, Ebeling T, Eiriksdottir G, Esko T, Faul JD, Fu M, Færch K, Gieger C, Gläser S, Gong J, Gordon-Larsen P, Grallert H, Grammer TB, Grarup N, van Grootheest G, Harald K, Hastie ND, Havulinna AS, Hernandez D, Hindorff L, Hocking LJ, Holmens OL, Holzapfel C, Hottenga JJ, Huang J, Huang T, Hui J, Huth C, Hutri-Kähönen N, James AL, Jansson JO, Jhun MA, Juonala M, Kinnunen L, Koistinen HA, Kolcic I, Komulainen P, Kuusisto J, Kvaløy K, Kähönen M, Lakka TA, Launer LJ, Lehne B, Lindgren CM, Lorentzon M, Luben R, Marre M, Milaneschi Y, Monda KL, Montgomery GW, De Moor MHM, Mulas A, Müller-Nurasyid M, Musk AW, Männikkö R, Männistö S, Narisu N, Nauck M, Nettleton JA, Nolte IM, Oldehinkel AJ, Olden M, Ong KK, Padmanabhan S, Paternoster L, Perez J, Perola M, Peters A, Peters U, Peyser PA, Prokopenko I, Puolijoki H, Raitakari OT, Rankinen T, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Rawal R, Ridker PM, Rose LM, Rudan I, Sarti C, Sarzynski MA, Savonen K, Scott WR, Sanna S, Shuldiner AR, Sidney S, Silbernagel G, Smith BH, Smith JA, Snieder H, Stančáková A, Sternfeld B, Swift AJ, Tammelin T, Tan ST, Thorand B, Thuillier D, Vandenput L, Vestergaard H, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Vohl MC, Völker U, Waeber G, Walker M, Wild S, Wong A, Wright AF, Zillikens MC, Zubair N, Haiman CA, Lemarchand L, Gyllensten U, Ohlsson C, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Pérusse L, Wilson JF, Hayward C, Polasek O, Cucca F, Hveem K, Hartman CA, Tönjes A, Bandinelli S, Palmer LJ, Kardia SLR, Rauramaa R, Sørensen TIA, Tuomilehto J, Salomaa V, Penninx BWJH, de Geus EJC, Boomsma DI, Lehtimäki T, Mangino M, Laakso M, Bouchard C, Martin NG, Kuh D, Liu Y, Linneberg A, März W, Strauch K, Kivimäki M, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Völzke H, Qi L, Järvelin MR, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, Froguel P, Kooperberg C, Vollenweider P, Hallmans G, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Metspalu A, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Weir DR, Porteous DJ, Boerwinkle E, Chasman DI, Abecasis GR, Barroso I, McCarthy MI, Frayling TM, O’Connell JR, van Duijn CM, Boehnke M, Heid IM, Mohlke KL, Strachan DP, Fox CS, Liu CT, Hirschhorn JN, Klein RJ, Johnson AD, Borecki IB, Franks PW, North KE, Cupples LA, Loos RJF, Kilpeläinen TO. Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity - A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006528. [PMID: 28448500 PMCID: PMC5407576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity. To identify adiposity loci whose effects are modified by PA, we performed genome-wide interaction meta-analyses of BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference and waist-hip ratio from up to 200,452 adults of European (n = 180,423) or other ancestry (n = 20,029). We standardized PA by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable where, on average, 23% of participants were categorized as inactive and 77% as physically active. While we replicate the interaction with PA for the strongest known obesity-risk locus in the FTO gene, of which the effect is attenuated by ~30% in physically active individuals compared to inactive individuals, we do not identify additional loci that are sensitive to PA. In additional genome-wide meta-analyses adjusting for PA and interaction with PA, we identify 11 novel adiposity loci, suggesting that accounting for PA or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may facilitate gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kristin L. Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Llilda Barata
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Audrey Y. Chu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Hadley
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luting Xue
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nancy L. Heard-Costa
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Julius S. Ngwa
- Howard University, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lydia Quaye
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Eicher
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James E. Hayes
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marilyn Cornelis
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Paula J. Griffin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shafqat Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pedro M. Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Bien
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Loic Yengo
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Meena Kumari
- ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Neergaard Harder
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Marie Justesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Mette Hollensted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Natalia V. Rivera
- Karolinska Institutet, Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John B. Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Charlotte Huppertz
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. Peyrot
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maija Hassinen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gemma Cadby
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Bellis
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore, Singapore
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dorota Pasko
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Søren Snitker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Unhee Lim
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM U-1018, CESP, Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, UVSQ-UPS, Villejuif, France
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - John Beilby
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John Blangero
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judith B. Borja
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Busonero
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Steve Buyske
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Peter S. Chines
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela E. Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Dueker
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica D. Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mao Fu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Gläser
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jian Gong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja B. Grammer
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerard van Grootheest
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kennet Harald
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicholas D. Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lucia Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lynne J. Hocking
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christina Holzapfel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- NCA Institute, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennie Hui
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alan L. James
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Min A. Jhun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki A. Koistinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Marre
- INSERM U-1138, Équipe 2: Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Vascular and Renal diseases Related to Diabetes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Keri L. Monda
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marleen H. M. De Moor
- EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Department of Educational and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - A. W. Musk
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Reija Männikkö
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jennifer A. Nettleton
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Olden
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremiah Perez
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Centre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Cinzia Sarti
- Social Services and Health Care Department, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - William R. Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steve Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Blair H. Smith
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Barbara Sternfeld
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sian-Tsung Tan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dorothée Thuillier
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Niha Zubair
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loic Lemarchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig, Medical Department, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lyle J. Palmer
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- NCA Institute, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services LLC, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
- Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David J. Porteous
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Gonçalo R. Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey R. O’Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center of Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David P. Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline S. Fox
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Klein
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kari E. North
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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17
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Marouli E, Graff M, Medina-Gomez C, Lo KS, Wood AR, Kjaer TR, Fine RS, Lu Y, Schurmann C, Highland HM, Rüeger S, Thorleifsson G, Justice AE, Lamparter D, Stirrups KE, Turcot V, Young KL, Winkler TW, Esko T, Karaderi T, Locke AE, Masca NGD, Ng MCY, Mudgal P, Rivas MA, Vedantam S, Mahajan A, Guo X, Abecasis G, Aben KK, Adair LS, Alam DS, Albrecht E, Allin KH, Allison M, Amouyel P, Appel EV, Arveiler D, Asselbergs FW, Auer PL, Balkau B, Banas B, Bang LE, Benn M, Bergmann S, Bielak LF, Blüher M, Boeing H, Boerwinkle E, Böger CA, Bonnycastle LL, Bork-Jensen J, Bots ML, Bottinger EP, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Breen G, Brilliant MH, Broer L, Burt AA, Butterworth AS, Carey DJ, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YDI, Chowdhury R, Christensen C, Chu AY, Cocca M, Collins FS, Cook JP, Corley J, Galbany JC, Cox AJ, Cuellar-Partida G, Danesh J, Davies G, de Bakker PIW, de Borst GJ, de Denus S, de Groot MCH, de Mutsert R, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Demerath EW, den Hollander AI, Dennis JG, Di Angelantonio E, Drenos F, Du M, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Ebeling T, Edwards TL, Ellinor PT, Elliott P, Evangelou E, Farmaki AE, Faul JD, Feitosa MF, Feng S, Ferrannini E, Ferrario MM, Ferrieres J, Florez JC, Ford I, Fornage M, Franks PW, Frikke-Schmidt R, Galesloot TE, Gan W, Gandin I, Gasparini P, Giedraitis V, Giri A, Girotto G, Gordon SD, Gordon-Larsen P, Gorski M, Grarup N, Grove ML, Gudnason V, Gustafsson S, Hansen T, Harris KM, Harris TB, Hattersley AT, Hayward C, He L, Heid IM, Heikkilä K, Helgeland Ø, Hernesniemi J, Hewitt AW, Hocking LJ, Hollensted M, Holmen OL, Hovingh GK, Howson JMM, Hoyng CB, Huang PL, Hveem K, Ikram MA, Ingelsson E, Jackson AU, Jansson JH, Jarvik GP, Jensen GB, Jhun MA, Jia Y, Jiang X, Johansson S, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Jousilahti P, Jukema JW, Kahali B, Kahn RS, Kähönen M, Kamstrup PR, Kanoni S, Kaprio J, Karaleftheri M, Kardia SLR, Karpe F, Kee F, Keeman R, Kiemeney LA, Kitajima H, Kluivers KB, Kocher T, Komulainen P, Kontto J, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Kovacs P, Kriebel J, Kuivaniemi H, Küry S, Kuusisto J, La Bianca M, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lange EM, Lange LA, Langefeld CD, Langenberg C, Larson EB, Lee IT, Lehtimäki T, Lewis CE, Li H, Li J, Li-Gao R, Lin H, Lin LA, Lin X, Lind L, Lindström J, Linneberg A, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lophatananon A, Luan J, Lubitz SA, Lyytikäinen LP, Mackey DA, Madden PAF, Manning AK, Männistö S, Marenne G, Marten J, Martin NG, Mazul AL, Meidtner K, Metspalu A, Mitchell P, Mohlke KL, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morgan A, Morris AD, Morris AP, Müller-Nurasyid M, Munroe PB, Nalls MA, Nauck M, Nelson CP, Neville M, Nielsen SF, Nikus K, Njølstad PR, Nordestgaard BG, Ntalla I, O'Connel JR, Oksa H, Loohuis LMO, Ophoff RA, Owen KR, Packard CJ, Padmanabhan S, Palmer CNA, Pasterkamp G, Patel AP, Pattie A, Pedersen O, Peissig PL, Peloso GM, Pennell CE, Perola M, Perry JA, Perry JRB, Person TN, Pirie A, Polasek O, Posthuma D, Raitakari OT, Rasheed A, Rauramaa R, Reilly DF, Reiner AP, Renström F, Ridker PM, Rioux JD, Robertson N, Robino A, Rolandsson O, Rudan I, Ruth KS, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sandow K, Sapkota Y, Sattar N, Schmidt MK, Schreiner PJ, Schulze MB, Scott RA, Segura-Lepe MP, Shah S, Sim X, Sivapalaratnam S, Small KS, Smith AV, Smith JA, Southam L, Spector TD, Speliotes EK, Starr JM, Steinthorsdottir V, Stringham HM, Stumvoll M, Surendran P, 't Hart LM, Tansey KE, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Thompson DJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thuesen BH, Tönjes A, Tromp G, Trompet S, Tsafantakis E, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Tyrer JP, Uher R, Uitterlinden AG, Ulivi S, van der Laan SW, Van Der Leij AR, van Duijn CM, van Schoor NM, van Setten J, Varbo A, Varga TV, Varma R, Edwards DRV, Vermeulen SH, Vestergaard H, Vitart V, Vogt TF, Vozzi D, Walker M, Wang F, Wang CA, Wang S, Wang Y, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Wessel J, Willems SM, Wilson JG, Witte DR, Woods MO, Wu Y, Yaghootkar H, Yao J, Yao P, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Young R, Zeggini E, Zhan X, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zheng H, Zhou W, Rotter JI, Boehnke M, Kathiresan S, McCarthy MI, Willer CJ, Stefansson K, Borecki IB, Liu DJ, North KE, Heard-Costa NL, Pers TH, Lindgren CM, Oxvig C, Kutalik Z, Rivadeneira F, Loos RJF, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Deloukas P, Lettre G. Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height. Nature 2017; 542:186-190. [PMID: 28146470 PMCID: PMC5302847 DOI: 10.1038/nature21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height-increasing alleles of STC2 (giving an increase of 1-2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RA and NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Troels R Kjaer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Rebecca S Fine
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10069, USA
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10069, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA.,Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sina Rüeger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - David Lamparter
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Kathleen E Stirrups
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Valérie Turcot
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, D-93051, Germany
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Tugce Karaderi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Adam E Locke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Nicholas G D Masca
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Univeristy of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Poorva Mudgal
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Katja K Aben
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, 3501 DB, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Dewan S Alam
- Centre for Control of Chronic Diseases (CCCD), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Kristine H Allin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine &Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM U1167, Lille, F-59019, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, F-59019, France.,Universite de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, F-59019, France
| | - Emil V Appel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Dominique Arveiler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67085, France.,Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67081, France
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul L Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en Épidemiologie et Sante des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, 93042, Germany
| | - Lia E Bang
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Marianne Benn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, 93042, Germany
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, 7100, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Maudsley, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Amber A Burt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - David J Carey
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Cardiology, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - Audrey Y Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34100, Italy
| | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jordi Corominas Galbany
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Cox
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- Diamantina Institute, University of Qeensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.,British Heart Foundation, Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Simon de Denus
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mark C H de Groot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Division of Laboratory and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Pharmacoepidemiology &Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology &Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Joe G Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social &Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, New York 10017, USA
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.,Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, 90029, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, StLouis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical &Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco M Ferrario
- Research Center on Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Jean Ferrieres
- Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, TSA 50032 31059, France
| | - Jose C Florez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-20502, Sweden.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Wei Gan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ilaria Gandin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy.,Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, 26999, Qatar
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Geriatrics, Department of Public Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Ayush Giri
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy.,Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, 26999, Qatar
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, D-93051, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, 93042, Germany
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Megan L Grove
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 41, Sweden
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRCHGU, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Liang He
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, D-93051, Germany.,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Øyvind Helgeland
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Jussi Hernesniemi
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33521, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Lynne J Hocking
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mette Hollensted
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Oddgeir L Holmen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7600, Norway
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- AMC, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L Huang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, 7600, Norway
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 41, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jan-Håkan Jansson
- Department of Public Health &Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90185, Sweden.,Research Unit Skellefteå, Skellefteå, SE-93141, Sweden
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Gorm B Jensen
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark
| | - Min A Jhun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yucheng Jia
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Xuejuan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.,USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, 1353, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, 2820, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9000, Denmark.,Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Bratati Kahali
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Pia R Kamstrup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Renske Keeman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hidetoshi Kitajima
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Pirjo Komulainen
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland
| | - Jukka Kontto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, and Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Western Cape, 7505, South Africa
| | - Sébastien Küry
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Martina La Bianca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine &Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Ethan M Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.,Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Cora E Lewis
- Division of Preventive Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Li-An Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lars Lind
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Jaana Lindström
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Yeheng Liu
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Gaëlle Marenne
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRCHGU, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Angela L Mazul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Karina Meidtner
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Westmead Millennium Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Vision Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2022, Australia
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Morgan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 81377, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Univeristy of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Matt Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33521, Finland
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connel
- Program in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Heikki Oksa
- Department of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33521, Finland
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Katharine R Owen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | | | | | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Aniruddh P Patel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Peggy L Peissig
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) and Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland.,University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - James A Perry
- Program in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thomas N Person
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA
| | - Ailith Pirie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Department Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Dermot F Reilly
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-20502, Sweden.,Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Neil Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health &Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90185, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Univeristy of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Kevin Sandow
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | | | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology &Community Health University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marcelo P Segura-Lepe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Svati Shah
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27703, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Departement of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OPT, UK.,Department of Vascular Medicine, AMC, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kingís College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kingís College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | | | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Praveen Surendran
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1007MB, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZC, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine E Tansey
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4EP, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Center for Pediatric Research, Department for Women's and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Gerard Tromp
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Western Cape, 7505, South Africa
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.,Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria.,Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait.,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Andries R Van Der Leij
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Brain &Cognition, Amsterdam, 1018 WS, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1007MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anette Varbo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-20502, Sweden
| | - Rohit Varma
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRCHGU, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Thomas F Vogt
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., Cardiometabolic Disease, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Diego Vozzi
- Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, 26999, Qatar
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Feijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jennifer Wessel
- Departments of Epidemiology &Medicine, Diabetes Translational Research Center, Fairbanks School of Public Health &School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, 5000, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University, Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Genetics, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Pang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Program in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,GlaxoSmithKlein, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Robin Young
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.,University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - He Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, StLouis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute for Personalized Medicine, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center of Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Nancy L Heard-Costa
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Tune H Pers
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10069, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10069, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Käräjämäki A, Lauri T, Ebeling T. Antipsychotic drug-induced hypoglycemia and hypothermia. Duodecim 2017; 133:301-304. [PMID: 29205832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This case report comprises three cases of antipsychotic drug-induced hypoglycemia and hypothermia. The mechanisms behind these side-effects are not known, but in hypoglycemia we describe signs of inappropriate insulin secretion. We assume that antipsychotic drug-induced hypoglycemia and hypothermia are underdiagnosed. Antipsychotic drugs are, however, widely used and these rare adverse-effects may occur in the clinical practice. It is of utmost importance to measure blood glucose and body temperature of patients taking these drugs who have unspecific symptoms.
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Lehto L, Liikanen E, Melkko T, Ebeling T, Kouri T. An interactive two-step training and management model of point-of-care glucose testing in northern Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 70:329-38. [DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v70i3.17830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Ritvonen E, Löyttyniemi E, Jaatinen P, Ebeling T, Moilanen L, Nuutila P, Kauppinen-Mäkelin R, Schalin-Jäntti C. Mortality in acromegaly: a 20-year follow-up study. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:469-80. [PMID: 27185871 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether mortality still is increased in acromegaly and whether there are gender-related differences. We dynamically assessed outcome during long-term follow-up in our nationwide cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) relative to the general population and causes of death in acromegaly (n=333) compared with age- and gender-matched controls (n=4995). RESULTS During 20 (0-33) years follow-up, 113 (34%) patients (n=333, 52% women) and 1334 (27%) controls (n=4995) died (P=0.004). SMR (1.9, 95% CI: 1.53-2.34, P<0.001) and all-cause mortality (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.2, P<0.001) were increased in acromegaly. Overall distribution of causes of death (P<0.001) differed between patients and controls but not cardiovascular (34% vs 33%) or cancer deaths (27% vs 27%). In acromegaly, but not in controls, causes of deaths shifted from 44% cardiovascular and 28% cancer deaths during the first decade, to 23% cardiovascular and 35% cancer deaths during the next two decades. In acromegaly, cancer deaths were mostly attributed to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n=5), breast (n=4), lung (n=3) and colon (n=3) carcinoma. In acromegaly, men were younger than women at diagnosis (median 44.5 vs 50 years, P<0.001) and death (67 vs 76 years, P=0.0015). Compared with controls, women (36% vs 25%, P<0.01), but not men (31% vs 28%, P=0.44), had increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS In acromegaly, men are younger at diagnosis and death than women. Compared with controls, mortality is increased during 20 years of follow-up, especially in women. Causes of deaths shift from predominantly cardiovascular to cancer deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Ritvonen
- Division of EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Pia Jaatinen
- School of MedicineUniversity of Tampere, Tampere, Finland Department of Internal MedicineTampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Department of Internal MedicineSeinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- University of OuluOulu, Finland Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland
| | - Leena Moilanen
- University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET centreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of EndocrinologyTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ritva Kauppinen-Mäkelin
- Center of Internal Medicine and RehabilitationJorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Division of EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Rostomyan L, Daly AF, Petrossians P, Nachev E, Lila AR, Lecoq AL, Lecumberri B, Trivellin G, Salvatori R, Moraitis AG, Holdaway I, Kranenburg-van Klaveren DJ, Chiara Zatelli M, Palacios N, Nozieres C, Zacharin M, Ebeling T, Ojaniemi M, Rozhinskaya L, Verrua E, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Filipponi S, Gusakova D, Pronin V, Bertherat J, Belaya Z, Ilovayskaya I, Sahnoun-Fathallah M, Sievers C, Stalla GK, Castermans E, Caberg JH, Sorkina E, Auriemma RS, Mittal S, Kareva M, Lysy PA, Emy P, De Menis E, Choong CS, Mantovani G, Bours V, De Herder W, Brue T, Barlier A, Neggers SJCMM, Zacharieva S, Chanson P, Shah NS, Stratakis CA, Naves LA, Beckers A. Clinical and genetic characterization of pituitary gigantism: an international collaborative study in 208 patients. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:745-57. [PMID: 26187128 PMCID: PMC6533620 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite being a classical growth disorder, pituitary gigantism has not been studied previously in a standardized way. We performed a retrospective, multicenter, international study to characterize a large series of pituitary gigantism patients. We included 208 patients (163 males; 78.4%) with growth hormone excess and a current/previous abnormal growth velocity for age or final height >2 s.d. above country normal means. The median onset of rapid growth was 13 years and occurred significantly earlier in females than in males; pituitary adenomas were diagnosed earlier in females than males (15.8 vs 21.5 years respectively). Adenomas were ≥10 mm (i.e., macroadenomas) in 84%, of which extrasellar extension occurred in 77% and invasion in 54%. GH/IGF1 control was achieved in 39% during long-term follow-up. Final height was greater in younger onset patients, with larger tumors and higher GH levels. Later disease control was associated with a greater difference from mid-parental height (r=0.23, P=0.02). AIP mutations occurred in 29%; microduplication at Xq26.3 - X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG) - occurred in two familial isolated pituitary adenoma kindreds and in ten sporadic patients. Tumor size was not different in X-LAG, AIP mutated and genetically negative patient groups. AIP-mutated and X-LAG patients were significantly younger at onset and diagnosis, but disease control was worse in genetically negative cases. Pituitary gigantism patients are characterized by male predominance and large tumors that are difficult to control. Treatment delay increases final height and symptom burden. AIP mutations and X-LAG explain many cases, but no genetic etiology is seen in >50% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Rostomyan
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Adrian F Daly
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Patrick Petrossians
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Emil Nachev
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Anurag R Lila
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Anne-Lise Lecoq
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Beatriz Lecumberri
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Giampaolo Trivellin
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Andreas G Moraitis
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Ian Holdaway
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Dianne J Kranenburg-van Klaveren
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Nuria Palacios
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Cecile Nozieres
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Margaret Zacharin
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Liudmila Rozhinskaya
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Elisa Verrua
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Marie-Lise Jaffrain-Rea
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Silvia Filipponi
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Daria Gusakova
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Vyacheslav Pronin
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Jerome Bertherat
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Zhanna Belaya
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Irena Ilovayskaya
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Mona Sahnoun-Fathallah
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Caroline Sievers
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Gunter K Stalla
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Emilie Castermans
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Jean-Hubert Caberg
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Ekaterina Sorkina
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Renata Simona Auriemma
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Sachin Mittal
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Maria Kareva
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Philippe A Lysy
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Philippe Emy
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Ernesto De Menis
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Catherine S Choong
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Vincent Bours
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Wouter De Herder
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Thierry Brue
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Anne Barlier
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Sebastian J C M M Neggers
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Sabina Zacharieva
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Nalini Samir Shah
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Luciana A Naves
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
| | - Albert Beckers
- Departments of Endocrinology and Human GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, BelgiumClinical Center of Endocrinology and GerontologyMedical University, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of EndocrinologyKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, FranceUMR S1185Univ Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceINSERM U1185Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceServicio de Endocrinología y NutriciónHospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainSection on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADepartment of EndocrinologyGreenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New ZealandSection of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyServicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, SpainService d'endocrinologie-diabétologieCentre Hospitalier Lucien Hussel, Montée du Docteur Chapuis BP127, 38 209 Vienne cedex, FranceMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartments of Internal Medicine and PediatricsOulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartments of Neuroen
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Dashti HS, Follis JL, Smith CE, Tanaka T, Garaulet M, Gottlieb DJ, Hruby A, Jacques PF, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Lamon-Fava S, Scheer FAJL, Bartz TM, Kovanen L, Wojczynski MK, Frazier-Wood AC, Ahluwalia TS, Perälä MM, Jonsson A, Muka T, Kalafati IP, Mikkilä V, Ordovás JM, Partonen T, Ebeling T, Hopkins PN, Paternoster L, Lahti J, Hernandez DG, Toft U, Saxena R, Vitezova A, Kanoni S, Raitakari OT, Psaty BM, Perola M, Männistö S, Straka RJ, Hansen T, Räikkönen K, Ferrucci L, Grarup N, Johnson WC, Rallidis L, Kähönen M, Siscovick DS, Havulinna AS, Astrup A, Jørgensen T, Chen TA, Hofman A, Deloukas P, Viikari JS, Mozaffarian D, Pedersen O, Rotter JI, Uitterlinden AG, Seppälä I, Tiemeier H, Salomaa V, Gharib SA, Borecki IB, Arnett DK, Sørensen TI, Eriksson JG, Bandinelli S, Linneberg A, Rich SS, Franco OH, Dedoussis G, Lehtimäki T. Gene-Environment Interactions of Circadian-Related Genes for Cardiometabolic Traits. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:1456-66. [PMID: 26084345 PMCID: PMC4512139 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Common circadian-related gene variants associate with increased risk for metabolic alterations including type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about whether diet and sleep could modify associations between circadian-related variants (CLOCK-rs1801260, CRY2-rs11605924, MTNR1B-rs1387153, MTNR1B-rs10830963, NR1D1-rs2314339) and cardiometabolic traits (fasting glucose [FG], HOMA-insulin resistance, BMI, waist circumference, and HDL-cholesterol) to facilitate personalized recommendations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted inverse-variance weighted, fixed-effect meta-analyses of results of adjusted associations and interactions between dietary intake/sleep duration and selected variants on cardiometabolic traits from 15 cohort studies including up to 28,190 participants of European descent from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium. RESULTS We observed significant associations between relative macronutrient intakes and glycemic traits and short sleep duration (<7 h) and higher FG and replicated known MTNR1B associations with glycemic traits. No interactions were evident after accounting for multiple comparisons. However, we observed nominally significant interactions (all P < 0.01) between carbohydrate intake and MTNR1B-rs1387153 for FG with a 0.003 mmol/L higher FG with each additional 1% carbohydrate intake in the presence of the T allele, between sleep duration and CRY2-rs11605924 for HDL-cholesterol with a 0.010 mmol/L higher HDL-cholesterol with each additional hour of sleep in the presence of the A allele, and between long sleep duration (≥9 h) and MTNR1B-rs1387153 for BMI with a 0.60 kg/m(2) higher BMI with long sleep duration in the presence of the T allele relative to normal sleep duration (≥7 to <9 h). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lower carbohydrate intake and normal sleep duration may ameliorate cardiometabolic abnormalities conferred by common circadian-related genetic variants. Until further mechanistic examination of the nominally significant interactions is conducted, recommendations applicable to the general population regarding diet—specifically higher carbohydrate and lower fat composition—and normal sleep duration should continue to be emphasized among individuals with the investigated circadian-related gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Jack L Follis
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Cooperative Engineering, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Sleep Disorders Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Adela Hruby
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Global Public Health, Leiden University College, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Leena Kovanen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Alexis C Frazier-Wood
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Pediatric Asthma Centre, Gentofte Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia-Maria Perälä
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Jonsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ioanna P Kalafati
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Vera Mikkilä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA Department of Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación (IMDEA-FOOD), Madrid, Spain
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Hautala N, Hannula V, Palosaari T, Ebeling T, Falck A. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in young adults with type 1 diabetes since childhood: the Oulu cohort study of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:749-52. [PMID: 24862935 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence and stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a population-based cohort of young Finnish adults who have had type 1 diabetes (T1D) since childhood. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cohort includes all 5- to 16-year-old patients with T1D who lived in the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District of Finland, in 1989 (n = 216). DR was evaluated from fundus photographs taken in 1989-1990 and again in 2007. The patients were 7 ± 4 years age (range 0-15 years) at the time of diagnosis of T1D, and the average duration of diabetes at the re-evaluation was 23 ± 4 years (range 17-32 years). RESULTS The prevalence of DR was analysed in 172 patients (80% of the original cohort) at 22-35 years. Proliferative DR (PDR) was observed in 35% (60/172) and non-proliferative DR in 59% (101/172), with no signs of DR being present in the remaining 6% (11/172) of the subjects. The prevalence of DR did not differ by gender (p = 0.356). CONCLUSIONS After the 18-year follow-up, a high prevalence of DR and PDR (94% and 35%, respectively) was found in patients who have had T1D since childhood, with no difference between the genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hautala
- Department of Ophthalmology; Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Virva Hannula
- Department of Ophthalmology; Päijät-Häme Central Hospital; Lahti Finland
| | - Tapani Palosaari
- Department of Ophthalmology; Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Department of Internal Medicine; Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
| | - Aura Falck
- Department of Ophthalmology; Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
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Vikatmaa P, Ebeling T, Lepäntalo M. [Assessment of ischaemia of ulcerated diabetic foot and its treatment according to recent international guidelines]. Duodecim 2014; 130:1215-1222. [PMID: 25016667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Half of diabetic ulcers are ischaemic, almost all neuropathic and the problem is often worsened by infection. Ischaemia can often be repaired if diagnosed and treated early enough. At present, ischaemia is often diagnosed far too late. International recommendations emphasize an immediate need for a paradigm change. Ischaemia should always be suspected as a cause of diabetic ulcer unless proven otherwise. Every diabetic patient with a foot ulcer should undergo an immediate clinical and noninvasive vascular assessment. Early diagnosis and undelayed treatment with vascular consultation and necessary revascularizations are prerequisites for successful treatment as "time is tissue".
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25
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Ijäs H, Morin-Papunen L, Keränen AK, Bloigu R, Ruokonen A, Puukka K, Ebeling T, Raudaskoski T, Vääräsmäki M. Pre-pregnancy overweight overtakes gestational diabetes as a risk factor for subsequent metabolic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:605-11. [PMID: 23959786 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of subsequent diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MS). The independent significance of overweight, often associated with GDM, is controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of MS and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) values in normal and overweight women with previous insulin-treated GDM and control without GDM 19 years after the index pregnancy. METHODS The study group consisted of 61 women with prior GDM and 55 controls who gave birth in Oulu University Hospital between 1988 and 1993. These women were further divided into subgroups according to pre-pregnancy BMI (<25 or ≥25 kg/m(2)). In 2008-2010, anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured, blood samples were taken, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed to investigate the components of MS. CIMT was measured by Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS Total prevalence of MS was 62% in the GDM group and 31% in the control group (P=0.001); it was highest (86%) in GDM women with pre-pregnancy overweight. CIMT was significantly thicker (0.67 vs 0.56 mm, P=0.007) and more often abnormal (71.7 vs 45.3%, P=0.004) in the GDM group compared with the controls. In logistic regression analysis, the strongest factor predicting MS in the whole study population was pre-pregnancy overweight. CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy overweight was the strongest predictive factor for later MS, whereas GDM indicated increased risk of subsequent diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis. The risk of MS was highest when both of these factors were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ijäs
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 23, FIN-90029 OYS Oulu, Finland
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Raappana A, Pirilä T, Ebeling T, Salmela P, Sintonen H, Koivukangas J. Long-term health-related quality of life of surgically treated pituitary adenoma patients: a descriptive study. ISRN Endocrinol 2012; 2012:675310. [PMID: 23346413 PMCID: PMC3549391 DOI: 10.5402/2012/675310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context. The literature concerning the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with surgically treated PA is controversial. Objective. To describe the long-term HRQoL of surgically treated patients in all PA classes. Design and subjects. The 15D, a generic HRQoL instrument producing a 15-dimensional profile and a single 15D index score (a difference ≥0.03 on a 0-1 scale is considered clinically important), was used to assess the HRQoL of a 13-year surgical cohort of PA patients in Northern Finland. Results and Conclusion. Nighty-eight eligible consecutive patients with surgically treated PA were studied at an average of 6.3 years after their latest pituitary operation. The average postoperative 15D profiles in patients with non-functioning PA and in acromegalics without GH-suppressive medical treatment were similar to those of the age-standardized general population. However, after this rather long followup, the mean 15D score and the number of statistically significant 15D dimension impairments, compared with those of their reference population, were 0.11 and 9/15, 0.10 and 3/15, and 0.08 and 7/15 for Cushing's disease, acromegalics needing somatostatin analog, and prolactinoma patients, respectively. Hypopituitarism with replacement medication was not associated with impaired HRQoL. The somatostatin-analog-associated HRQoL finding warrants further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raappana
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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27
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Kauhanen S, Schalin-Jäntti C, Seppänen M, Kajander S, Virtanen S, Schildt J, Lisinen I, Ahonen A, Heiskanen I, Väisänen M, Arola J, Korsoff P, Ebeling T, Sane T, Minn H, Välimäki MJ, Nuutila P. Complementary roles of 18F-DOPA PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in medullary thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1855-63. [PMID: 22052128 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.094771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are markers of recurrent or persistent disease in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, conventional imaging often fails to localize metastatic disease. Our aim was to compare fluorine-labeled dihydroxyphenylalanine ((18)F-DOPA) and (18)F-FDG PET/CT with multidetector CT (MDCT) and MRI in recurrent or persistent MTC. METHODS Nineteen MTC patients with increased calcitonin or CEA on follow-up (mean ± SD, 93 ± 91 mo; range, 4-300 mo) after primary therapy were prospectively imaged with 4 techniques: (18)F-DOPA PET/CT, (18)F-FDG PET/CT, MDCT, and MRI. Images were analyzed for pathologic lesions, which were surgically removed when possible. The correlation between the detection rate for each method and the calcitonin and CEA concentrations and histopathologic findings was investigated. RESULTS On the basis of histology and follow-up, one or more imaging methods accurately localized metastatic disease in 12 (63%) of 19 patients. The corresponding figures for (18)F-DOPA PET/CT, (18)F-FDG PET/CT, MDCT, and MRI were 11 (58%) of 19, 10 (53%) of 19, 9 (47%) of 19, and 10 (59%) of 17, respectively. Calcitonin and CEA correlated with (18)F-DOPA PET/CT (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.0263, respectively) and (18)F-FDG PET/CT findings (both P < 0.0001). In patients with an unstable calcitonin doubling time (n = 8), (18)F-DOPA and (18)F-FDG PET/CT were equally sensitive. In contrast, for patients with an unstable CEA doubling time (n = 4), (18)F-FDG PET/CT was more accurate. CONCLUSION For most MTC patients with occult disease, (18)F-DOPA PET/CT accurately detects metastases. In patients with an unstable calcitonin level, (18)F-DOPA PET/CT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT are complementary. For patients with an unstable CEA doubling time, (18)F-FDG PET/CT may be more feasible. MRI is sensitive but has the highest rate of false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saila Kauhanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Salopuro TM, Saaristo T, Oksa H, Puolijoki H, Vanhala M, Ebeling T, Niskanen L, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, Peltonen M. Population-level effects of the national diabetes prevention programme (FIN-D2D) on the body weight, the waist circumference, and the prevalence of obesity. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:350. [PMID: 21595955 PMCID: PMC3118241 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The implementation project of the national diabetes prevention programme in Finland, FIN-D2D, was carried out in primary health care in the area of five hospital districts during 2003-2007. Methods The population strategy of FIN-D2D was primarily aimed at increasing the awareness of type 2 diabetes and preventing obesity. To investigate the effects of this strategy, we studied the changes in the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and central obesity among a random independent sample of individuals aged 45-74 years in the FIN-D2D area; and assessed whether they differed from a sample of individuals in the control area, which consisted of four geographical areas not participating in FIN-D2D (FINRISK study). Data was obtained for 5850/ 6406 (in the beginning/ in the end) individuals. The duration of the observation period varied from three to five years. Results The mean body weight decreased from 78.7 to 78.1 kg (p = 0.041) in the FIN-D2D area, and from 78.7 to 78.0 kg (p = NS) in the control area. The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) decreased in the FIN-D2D area (26.5% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.015), and in the control area (28.4% vs. 25.2%, p = 0.005). The prevalence of morbid obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) remained unchanged in the FIN-D2D area, but increased in the control area (1.2% vs. 2.3%, p = 0.007). The mean waist circumference remained unchanged in the FIN-D2D area, but increased in the control area (92.8 vs. 94.0 cm, p = 0.005). Conclusions The prevalence of obesity may be decreasing among 45-74 year old Finns. We still need a longer time perspective and future studies to see whether this favourable trend can be sustained in Finland. The actions of this implementation project can at least partly explain the differences in the mean waist circumference and the prevalence of morbid obesity between the intervention and control areas.
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Ijäs H, Vääräsmäki M, Morin-Papunen L, Keravuo R, Ebeling T, Saarela T, Raudaskoski T. Metformin should be considered in the treatment of gestational diabetes: a prospective randomised study. BJOG 2010; 118:880-5. [PMID: 21083860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine if oral metformin is as effective as insulin in the prevention of fetal macrosomy in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DESIGN Open-label prospective randomised controlled study. SETTING Maternity outpatient clinics in a secondary and tertiary level hospital in Finland. SAMPLE One hundred women with GDM who did not attain euglycaemia with diet. METHODS Women were randomised to therapy with insulin (n = 50) or oral metformin (n = 50). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants and neonatal morbidity. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of LGA (8.5 versus 10.0%, P = 0.97), mean birthweight, mean cord artery pH or neonatal morbidity between the insulin and metformin groups. Fifteen (31.9%) of the 47 women randomised to metformin needed supplemental insulin. They were more obese (with a body mass index of 36 versus 30 kg/m(2), P = 0.002), had higher fasting blood glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test (6.1 versus 5.0 mmol/l, P = 0.001) and needed medical treatment for GDM earlier (26 versus 31 gestational weeks, P = 0.002) than women who were normoglycemic with metformin. There was a tendency to a higher rate of caesarean sections in the metformin group than in the insulin group (RR 1.9; 95% CI 0.99-3.71). CONCLUSIONS Metformin seems to be suitable for the prevention of fetal macrosomy, especially in lean or moderately overweight women developing GDM in late gestation. Women with considerable obesity, high fasting blood glucose and an early need for pharmacological treatment may be more suitable for insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ijäs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Daly AF, Tichomirowa MA, Petrossians P, Heliövaara E, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Barlier A, Naves LA, Ebeling T, Karhu A, Raappana A, Cazabat L, De Menis E, Montañana CF, Raverot G, Weil RJ, Sane T, Maiter D, Neggers S, Yaneva M, Tabarin A, Verrua E, Eloranta E, Murat A, Vierimaa O, Salmela PI, Emy P, Toledo RA, Sabaté MI, Villa C, Popelier M, Salvatori R, Jennings J, Longás AF, Labarta Aizpún JI, Georgitsi M, Paschke R, Ronchi C, Valimaki M, Saloranta C, De Herder W, Cozzi R, Guitelman M, Magri F, Lagonigro MS, Halaby G, Corman V, Hagelstein MT, Vanbellinghen JF, Barra GB, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Cameron FJ, Borson-Chazot F, Holdaway I, Toledo SPA, Stalla GK, Spada A, Zacharieva S, Bertherat J, Brue T, Bours V, Chanson P, Aaltonen LA, Beckers A. Clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses in patients with germ-line AIP mutations and pituitary adenomas: an international collaborative study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:E373-83. [PMID: 20685857 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AIP mutations (AIPmut) give rise to a pituitary adenoma predisposition that occurs in familial isolated pituitary adenomas and less often in sporadic cases. The clinical and therapeutic features of AIPmut-associated pituitary adenomas have not been studied comprehensively. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess clinical/therapeutic characteristics of AIPmut pituitary adenomas. DESIGN This study was an international, multicenter, retrospective case collection/database analysis. SETTING The study was conducted at 36 tertiary referral endocrine and clinical genetics departments. PATIENTS Patients included 96 patients with germline AIPmut and pituitary adenomas and 232 matched AIPmut-negative acromegaly controls. RESULTS The AIPmut population was predominantly young and male (63.5%); first symptoms occurred as children/adolescents in 50%. At diagnosis, most tumors were macroadenomas (93.3%); extension and invasion was common. Somatotropinomas comprised 78.1% of the cohort; there were also prolactinomas (n = 13), nonsecreting adenomas (n = 7), and a TSH-secreting adenoma. AIPmut somatotropinomas were larger (P = 0.00026), with higher GH levels (P = 0.00068), more frequent extension (P = 0.018) and prolactin cosecretion (P = 0.00023), and occurred 2 decades before controls (P < 0.000001). Gigantism was more common in the AIPmut group (P < 0.000001). AIPmut somatotropinoma patients underwent more surgical interventions (P = 0.00069) and had lower decreases in GH (P = 0.00037) and IGF-I (P = 0.028) and less tumor shrinkage with somatostatin analogs (P < 0.00001) vs. controls. AIPmut prolactinomas occurred generally in young males and frequently required surgery or radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS AIPmut pituitary adenomas have clinical features that may negatively impact treatment efficacy. Predisposition for aggressive disease in young patients, often in a familial setting, suggests that earlier diagnosis of AIPmut pituitary adenomas may have clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Daly
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Abstract
CONTEXT Data on the incidence of pituitary adenomas (PAs) are scant and outdated. A population-based regional cohort with thorough case identification was used to evaluate the incidence of clinically detected PAs in the era of magnetic resonance imaging. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe the age- and sex-specific incidence of all PA subgroups, with data on incidentally found PAs, pituitary apoplexies, and time trends. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PATIENTS This was a retrospective descriptive analysis of PA patients diagnosed during 1992-2007 in Northern Finland (NFi). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE World Health Organization 2000-standardized incidence rates (SIRs) of PAs per 100,000 were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The final cohort consisted of 355 PAs. The incidence rates of the Oulu University Hospital regional district were used as a reference to assess the applicability of our case finding over the rest of NFi. Incidence rates of all PA subgroups except microprolactinomas were statistically equal between these areas; thus, all presented SIRs are based on the NFi's cohort except Oulu University Hospital regional district-based prolactinomas and PAs overall. Overall SIR of PAs was higher (4.0 per 100,000) than in previous reports. Prolactinomas had the highest SIR: 2.2 per 100,000, followed by clinically nonfunctioning PAs (1.0) and GH-secreting (0.34), ACTH-secreting (0.17), and TSH-secreting (0.03) PAs. The gender-specific SIR was 2.2 per 100,000 in males and 5.9 per 100,000 in females. Pituitary apoplexy occurred as a presenting symptom in 11% of clinically nonfunctioning PA patients. The SIR of incidentally discovered PAs increased significantly from 1992-1999 to 2000-2007 (0.59 to 1.6, respectively; P < 0.01), which accounted for the perceived increasing trend in the overall SIR of PAs (3.8 to 4.2; P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Raappana
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Kauppinen-Mäkelin R, Sane T, Välimäki MJ, Markkanen H, Niskanen L, Ebeling T, Jaatinen P, Juonala M, Pukkala E. Increased cancer incidence in acromegaly--a nationwide survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 72:278-9. [PMID: 19453622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Leino M, Rouhiainen P, Tuovinen E, Ebeling T, Reijonen T, Pyörälä K. Lens Opacity: Five Year Follow-up of Patients with Hypercholesterolemia Receiving Simvastatin Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/15569529309050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kauppinen-Mäkelin R, Sane T, Reunanen A, Välimäki MJ, Niskanen L, Markkanen H, Löyttyniemi E, Ebeling T, Jaatinen P, Laine H, Nuutila P, Salmela P, Salmi J, Stenman UH, Viikari J, Voutilainen E. A nationwide survey of mortality in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:4081-6. [PMID: 15886256 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased mortality in acromegaly has been confined to those with posttreatment basal GH of 2.5 microg/liter or greater, but the impact of IGF-I and pituitary radiotherapy on mortality has remained controversial. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this nationwide survey was to examine the all-cause mortality of patients with acromegaly and evaluate the impact of treatment outcome and mode of treatment on survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS All-cause mortality of all patients with acromegaly diagnosed during January 1980 and December 1999 in the five university hospitals of Finland was followed up by the end of 2002 (12.5 +/- 5.6 yr) and compared with that of the general population by using age- and gender-adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors related to mortality within the survey population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Mortality was the main outcome measure. RESULTS Of the 334 patients, 56 (16.8%) had died during follow-up. SMR of the patients was 1.16 [confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.54, not significant (NS)]. However, patients with basal serum GH concentration 2.5 microg/liter or greater (SMR 1.63, CI 1.10-2.35, P < 0.001) measured 5.2 +/- 4.4 yr after the initial treatment, and those irradiated (SMR 1.69, CI 1.05-2.58, P < 0.001) showed excess mortality. In a multivariate model, the effect of radiotherapy was of borderline significance only (P = 0.083). Posttreatment IGF-I levels, available for 72.2% of the patients, did not have impact on mortality. CONCLUSIONS The posttreatment basal GH concentration less than 2.5 microg/liter in acromegalic patients is associated with a normal lifespan. Excess mortality is confined to poorly controlled patients and possibly those who have received conventional radiotherapy.
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Jukkola A, Bloigu R, Ebeling T, Salmela P, Blanco G. Prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid carcinomas and their implications for current staging classifications. Endocr Relat Cancer 2004; 11:571-9. [PMID: 15369456 DOI: 10.1677/erc.1.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) (papillary, follicular and follicular type of papillary) have a favourable prognosis, but a proportion of patients develop recurrences and eventually die of the disease. Various prognostic factors have been identified and been used to create the current staging classifications (AGES, AMES, MACIS, EORTC, UICC-TNM). We examined 499 DTC patients retrospectively to validate known prognostic factors that enable them to be recognised as having either a low or a high risk of death related to a recurrence of DTC, by reference to the current staging classifications. Sixty-nine of them (14%) had local or distant recurrences, the mean time to recurrence being 7.7 years. The 10-year disease-free survival rate was 80%, and the ten-year overall survival rate for the entire group was 91%, with a mean survival time of 8.7 years. Male gender, a follicular type of tumour, larger tumour size, extrathyroidal invasion outside the capsule and nodal metastases were all related to a higher incidence of tumour recurrence, and the follicular type of histology, age > 45 years, larger tumour size and local invasion entailed poorer survival. The AMES and to some extent the EORTC classification were not reproducible in this material, mainly because some prognostic variants were no longer encountered or were insufficient in number to allow reliable conclusions to be drawn. The MACIS staging classification leaves the definition of the intermediate and high risk groups too wide and is therefore not very reliable. Pooling of stages I and II improved the relevance of the TNM classification. All the current staging classifications are able to discern a low risk DTC group well. We achieved a highly accurate definition of risk in the present material using only two parameters, age (cut-off value 50 years) and extracapsular invasion of the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Jukkola
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
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Ebeling T, Vierimaa O, Kytölä S, Leisti J, Salmela PI. Effect of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene mutations on premature mortality in familial MEN1 syndrome with founder mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:3392-6. [PMID: 15240620 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-031513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of mortality and the natural course of a disease is usually based on information of carefully studied individuals with or at risk for a specific disease. Genealogical information has rarely been accurate enough for such studies. With the help of church records and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) family information of the two founder MEN1 mutations in Northern Finland (1466del12 and 1657insC), we could trace back common ancestors born in the beginning of the 1700s (1466del12) and approximately 1850 (1657insC) and find 67 probable gene carriers born between 1728 and 1929, which were identified among their offspring. Information was gathered from 34 obligatory MEN1 gene carriers and 31 spouses. The mean age (+/- sd) of death of affected males (n = 16) was 61.1 +/- 12.0 yr vs. 65.8 +/- 15.3 yr for unaffected males (n = 16) and for affected females (n = 16) was 67.2 +/- 10.7 yr vs. 67.7 +/- 14.7 yr for unaffected females (n = 13). The ages of death of the obligatory heterozygotes did not differ from that of the spouses in sex groups or from the sex-matched life expectancy estimates derived from Finnish national statistics. Causes of death differed significantly between female probands and spouses. In conclusion, obligatory MEN1 gene carrier status did not show a harmful effect on survival in this retrospective analysis tracing back to almost 300 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, PB 20, FIN-90029 OYS, Finland.
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Villablanca A, Calender A, Forsberg L, Höög A, Cheng JD, Petillo D, Bauters C, Kahnoski K, Ebeling T, Salmela P, Richardson AL, Delbridge L, Meyrier A, Proye C, Carpten JD, Teh BT, Robinson BG, Larsson C. Germline and de novo mutations in the HRPT2 tumour suppressor gene in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP). J Med Genet 2004; 41:e32. [PMID: 14985403 PMCID: PMC1735713 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.012369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Villablanca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ebeling T, Koivikko M, Salmela P. [Abdominal pain and hyperglycemic acidosis]. Duodecim 2002; 118:1497-9. [PMID: 12271607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Kytölä S, Villablanca A, Ebeling T, Nord B, Larsson C, Höög A, Wong FK, Välimäki M, Vierimaa O, Teh BT, Salmela PI, Leisti J. Founder effect in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) in Finland. J Med Genet 2001; 38:185-9. [PMID: 11303512 PMCID: PMC1734833 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.38.3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sabbah E, Savola K, Ebeling T, Kulmala P, Vähäsalo P, Ilonen J, Salmela PI, Knip M. Genetic, autoimmune, and clinical characteristics of childhood- and adult-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000; 23:1326-32. [PMID: 10977027 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.9.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether there are any differences in genetic, autoimmune, or clinical features between type 1 diabetes presenting in childhood and that diagnosed later. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 352 individuals (252 children and adolescents <20 years of age and 100 adults > or =20 years of age) manifesting clinical signs of type 1 diabetes over a period of 7.5 years at a university hospital in northern Finland with a primary catchment area population of approximately 300,000. The patients were analyzed for susceptible and protective HLA-DQB1 alleles (*02, *0302, *0301, *0602, *0603, and *0604), islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies, and antibodies to GAD and IA-2 (IA-2A). Their clinical symptoms and signs were recorded at diagnosis. RESULTS The adult patients carried the high-risk DQB1*02/0302 genotype less frequently than the children and more often had protective genotypes. They also had a decreased frequency of all 4 single autoantibody specificities and of multiple (> or =3) autoantibodies. The proportion of patients testing negative for all autoantibodies was lower among the children than among the adults. IA-2A were associated with the DQB1*0302/x genotype in both the children and adults, and the same held true for ICA among the adults. The adults were characterized by a higher proportion of males, a longer duration of symptoms, and a lower frequency of infections during the preceding 3 months. In addition, they had a higher relative body weight on admission and milder signs of metabolic decompensation (higher pH, base excess, and bicarbonate concentrations) and a lower glycated hemoglobin level at diagnosis than the children. CONCLUSIONS Clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes before the age of 20 years is associated with a strong HLA-defined genetic disease susceptibility, an intensive humoral immune response to various beta-cell antigens, a higher frequency of preceding infections, and a shorter duration of symptoms and more severe metabolic decompensation at diagnosis. Taken together, these observations suggest that the age at clinical onset of type 1 diabetes is determined by the intensity of the beta-cell-destructive process, which is modulated by both genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sabbah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland
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Ebeling H, Moilanen I, Linna SL, Tirkkonen T, Ebeling T, Piha J, Kumpulainen K, Räsänen E, Tamminen T, Almqvist F. Smoking and drinking habits in adolescence--links with psychiatric disturbance at the age of 8 years. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 8 Suppl 4:68-76. [PMID: 10654136 DOI: 10.1007/pl00010703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Smoking and drinking habits were studied among 1098 14-15-year-old adolescents using a mailed questionnaire. The subjects were drawn from a representative population of 5813 randomly selected 8-year-old children previously studied in the National Epidemiological Child Psychiatry Study in Finland in 1989. The questionnaire included items on the adolescents' smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Regular smoking was more common among boys (and girls) who, in childhood, had been rated by their parents (Rutter Parent Questionnaire) (RA2) as disturbed, 14.6% (30.3%), than among the nondisturbed, 6.6% (8.4%). Similarly, more of the previously disturbed (according to the RA2) adolescent boys drank alcohol regularly, 19.7%, as compared to the nondisturbed boys, 9.3%. Among girls, regular alcohol consumption was more common among those who previously had behavioural or mixed type problems (according to the RA2), 70.7%, as compared to those who previously had emotional or no problems, 12.2%. More of the previously depressed girls smoked regularly, 45.1%, than those who had not been depressed, 7.9%. Behavioural and emotional problems in childhood seemed to predispose to smoking and drinking in adolescence. The parents were more sensitive than the teachers in recognising the long-lasting problems of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ebeling
- Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Oulu, Finland.
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Chengappa KN, Ebeling T, Kang JS, Levine J, Parepally H. Clozapine reduces severe self-mutilation and aggression in psychotic patients with borderline personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60:477-84. [PMID: 10453803 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v60n0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clozapine has been reported to be effective in diminishing violence toward others in psychotic patients. This article describes the impact of clozapine on severe self-mutilation among patients with the dual diagnoses of borderline personality disorder and persistent psychoses. METHOD Seven subjects known to the authors were selected for careful chart audits. These subjects had been admitted to 2 state psychiatric hospitals owing to severe self-mutilation and/or violence and subsequently treated with clozapine. A mirror-image design anchored to the start date of clozapine treatment and extending in either direction to a maximum of 1 year was used to extract data. Data extracted included incidents of self-mutilation (restraint), seclusion, the as and when needed (p.r.n.) use of medications, injuries to staff and peers, hospital privileges, and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores. RESULTS The subjects were all white women with a mean age of 37 years. All subjects carried DSM-III-R or DSM-IV borderline personality disorder diagnoses and an Axis I disorder diagnosis. They had received trials of several psychotropic agents, often in combination and mostly without benefit. After clozapine treatment, there were statistically significant reductions in incidents of self-mutilation (restraint), seclusion, the use of p.r.n. antianxiety medications, and injuries to staff and peers. These subjects received higher levels of hospital privileges, and their GAF scores nearly doubled following clozapine treatment. Four subjects were subsequently discharged from hospital. CONCLUSION These preliminary but nonetheless favorable results suggest that clozapine deserves careful consideration for a controlled study in patients with borderline personality disorder and psychoses, especially if the clinical issues include severe self-mutilation, aggression, and violence. Until such studies are done, the risk-to-benefit ratio of clozapine treatment needs to be carefully evaluated on an individualized basis in such subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Chengappa
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213-2593, USA.
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Sarkkinen E, Korhonen M, Erkkilä A, Ebeling T, Uusitupa M. Effect of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on serum lipid response to the separate modification of dietary fat and dietary cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68:1215-22. [PMID: 9846849 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/68.6.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude of the influence of the apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype on the lipid response to different cholesterol-lowering diet modifications has been controversial. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of apo E genotype on serum lipid response to the separate modification of dietary fat and cholesterol. DESIGN A prospective study design with the 3 main apo E genotype groups (3/3, 3/4, and 4/4; n = 15 in each group) was used. Groups were matched for sex, age, body mass index, menopausal status, and baseline serum cholesterol concentration. Subjects followed 3 different diets in fixed order: 1) a standardized baseline diet (38% fat, 300 mg cholesterol/d), 2) a modified National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) diet (34% fat, 265 mg cholesterol/d), and 3) the modified NCEP diet + cholesterol (566 mg cholesterol/d). Subjects were middle-aged (50.9 +/- 8.0 y) and mildly hypercholesterolemic (6.55 +/- 1.05 mmol/L). RESULTS The genotype groups differed in their total cholesterol response to the NCEP diet; the mean (95% CI) decrease being greatest, -14.1% (-19.8%, -8.6% ), in subjects with apo E genotype 4/4 (P = 0.03, analysis of variance). The increase in total cholesterol after addition of 300 mg cholesterol was also greatest in subjects with apo E 4/4 [10.4% (5.8%, 15.1%)] (P = 0.03, analysis of variance). CONCLUSIONS Apo E genotype modified the lipid response to changes in both dietary fat and cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects; the response was greatest in subjects with apo E genotype 4/4 and even a moderate increase in dietary cholesterol resulted in a 10% elevation in serum total cholesterol in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sarkkinen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Finland.
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Ilmonen M, Ebeling T, Viikari J, Ojala JP, Tikkanen MJ. Screening of the 3' two-thirds of the coding area of the apo B gene in Finnish hypercholesterolemic patients report of six new genetic variants. Atherosclerosis 1997; 128:191-9. [PMID: 9050776 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(96)05990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia clustering in families not explained by either low density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor mutations producing familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), or the apolipoprotein B (apo B) Arg3500-->Gln mutation with familial defective apo B (FDB), is common in the Finnish population. In search of previously unknown apo B mutations, we screened exons 26 to 29 of the apo B gene in 68 Finnish severely hypercholesterolemic (> or = 8 mmol/l) non-FH, non-FDB patients, using a single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis based screening method. Four rare and two polymorphic previously unreported DNA variations were detected. The rare variants were a three-nucleotide deletion, with the deletion of Asp2186, an A11961-->G change leading to a Thr3918-->Ala change, a T12922-->G change causing a Val4238-->Ala substitution, and a neutral T12935-->C change leading to a new RsaI cutting site. The polymorphic G12937-->C and G13569-->A changes leading to Arg4243-->Thr and Ala4454-->Thr substitutions, respectively, had minor allele frequencies of 0.03 and 0.02. None of these variants seemed to explain the hyperlipidemia in these patients. A major Finnish mutation causing severe hypercholesterolemia is unlikely to exist in the 3' two-thirds of the coding area of the apo B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ilmonen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
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Ilmonen M, Heliö T, Ebeling T, Pyörälä K, Uusitupa M, Palotie A, Tikkanen MJ. Screening for mutations in the exon 26 of the apolipoprotein B gene in hypercholesterolemic Finnish families by the single-strand conformation polymorphism method. Hum Mutat 1994; 4:217-23. [PMID: 7833952 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380040308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To date, the only known apolipoprotein B (apo B) mutation causing hypercholesterolemia is the apo B 3500 Arg-->Gln or the familial defective apo B (FDB) mutation. This mutation has not been detected in the Finnish population. We have set up a systematic single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis-based screening method to search for other mutations in the exon 26 of the apo B gene in 21 Finnish hypercholesterolemic probands. The 7572-bp exon 26 covers half of the coding region of the gene including the DNA sequence coding for the putative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor binding site on the apo B protein. Exon 26 was amplified as six 1190- to 1435-bp fragments, each of which was further split into three smaller 213- to 579-bp segments by restriction enzymes. These digestion products were run on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels using at least three different electrophoretic conditions and autoradiographed. All previously known genetic variants in the exon 26 were detected by the SSCP method. A C-->T change at nucleotide 7064, in complete association with the XbaI site, was characterized by direct sequencing. This variant did not affect the amino acid sequence of the apo B protein. The SSCP-based procedure appears suitable for systematic screening for DNA sequence changes in large coding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ilmonen
- First Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital of Helsinki, Finland
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Kemppainen T, Rosendahl A, Nuutinen O, Ebeling T, Pietinen P, Uusitupa M. Validation of a short dietary questionnaire and a qualitative fat index for the assessment of fat intake. Eur J Clin Nutr 1993; 47:765-75. [PMID: 8287846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In connection with a population-based study on familial and non-familial determinants of serum total cholesterol an interviewer-administered short questionnaire, including 21 food items, and a qualitative fat index based on four questions were developed. Subjects for the validation study, 51 women and 31 men, aged 16-71 years, were selected from the population-based study (n = 892). The short questionnaire and the qualitative fat index were validated with a 3 day food record as the reference method. The short questionnaire captured 90-97% of the mean intakes of total fat, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the fat intakes based on the questionnaire and the diet records were strongest for the intake of total fat (r = 0.80). The qualitative fat index was based on four questions concerning type of fat: the higher the scores the higher the intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Spearman correlation coefficients between the qualitative fat index and the intakes based on the diet records were -0.55 for saturated, 0.34 for monounsaturated and 0.52 for polyunsaturated fatty acids. The respective correlation for the P/S ratio (total amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids) and the PM/S ratio (total amounts of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids) were 0.50 and 0.53. An inverse association between serum total cholesterol and the qualitative fat index was found in the whole study population, suggesting the impact of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in this study population. In conclusion, the short questionnaire proved to be accurate in measuring the intake of different fatty acids at the group level, whereas the simpler fat index measured the quality of fat quite well.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kemppainen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Finland
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