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Sachse M, Tual-Chalot S, Ciliberti G, Amponsah-Offeh M, Stamatelopoulos K, Gatsiou A, Stellos K. RNA-binding proteins in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 374:55-73. [PMID: 36759270 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the major cause of premature death and disability worldwide, even when patients with an established manifestation of atherosclerotic heart disease are optimally treated according to the clinical guidelines. Apart from the epigenetic control of transcription of the genetic information to messenger RNAs (mRNAs), gene expression is tightly controlled at the post-transcriptional level before the initiation of translation. Although mRNAs are traditionally perceived as the messenger molecules that bring genetic information from the nuclear DNA to the cytoplasmic ribosomes for protein synthesis, emerging evidence suggests that processes controlling RNA metabolism, driven by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), affect cellular function in health and disease. Over the recent years, vascular endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell and immune cell RBPs have emerged as key co- or post-transcriptional regulators of several genes related to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide an overview of cell-specific function of RNA-binding proteins involved in all stages of ASCVD and how this knowledge may be used for the development of novel precision medicine therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sachse
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Giorgia Ciliberti
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Amponsah-Offeh
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Manheim, Germany.
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2
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Qiao A, Ma W, Jiang Y, Han C, Yan B, Zhou J, Qin G. Hepatic Sam68 Regulates Systemic Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911469. [PMID: 36232770 PMCID: PMC9569775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is an important component of glucose homeostasis, and deregulated HGP, particularly through gluconeogenesis, contributes to hyperglycemia and pathology of type-2 diabetes (T2D). It has been shown that the gluconeogenic gene expression is governed primarily by the transcription factor cAMP-response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) and its coactivator, CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 2 (CRTC2). Recently, we have discovered that Sam68, an adaptor protein and Src kinase substrate, potently promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis by promoting CRTC2 stability; however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that in response to glucagon, Sam68 increases CREB/CRTC2 transactivity by interacting with CRTC2 in the CREB/CRTC2 complex and occupying the CRE motif of promoters, leading to gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production. In hepatocytes, glucagon promotes Sam68 nuclear import, whereas insulin elicits its nuclear export. Furthermore, ablation of Sam68 in hepatocytes protects mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperglycemia and significantly increased hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivities. Thus, hepatic Sam68 potentiates CREB/CRTC2-mediated glucose production, contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, and may serve as a therapeutic target for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (A.Q.); (G.Q.); Tel.: +205-934-6690 (G.Q.); Fax: +205-934-9101 (G.Q.)
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chaoshan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Baolong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Junlan Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: (A.Q.); (G.Q.); Tel.: +205-934-6690 (G.Q.); Fax: +205-934-9101 (G.Q.)
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3
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Qiao A, Ma W, Deng J, Zhou J, Han C, Zhang E, Boriboun C, Xu S, Zhang C, Jie C, Kim JA, Habegger KM, Qiu H, Zhao TC, Zhang J, Qin G. Ablation of Sam68 in adult mice increases thermogenesis and energy expenditure. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21772. [PMID: 34252225 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100021r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic deletion of Src associated in mitosis of 68kDa (Sam68), a pleiotropic adaptor protein prevents high-fat diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance. To clarify the role of Sam68 in energy metabolism in the adult stage, we generated an inducible Sam68 knockout mice. Knockout of Sam68 was induced at the age of 7-10 weeks, and then we examined the metabolic profiles of the mice. Sam68 knockout mice gained less body weight over time and at 34 or 36 weeks old, had smaller fat mass without changes in food intake and absorption efficiency. Deletion of Sam68 in mice elevated thermogenesis, increased energy expenditure, and attenuated core-temperature drop during acute cold exposure. Furthermore, we examined younger Sam68 knockout mice at 11 weeks old before their body weights deviate, and confirmed increased energy expenditure and thermogenic gene program. Thus, Sam68 is essential for the control of adipose thermogenesis and energy homeostasis in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianxin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Junlan Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chaoshan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chan Boriboun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shiyue Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Jeong-A Kim
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Qiao A, Zhou J, Xu S, Ma W, Boriboun C, Kim T, Yan B, Deng J, Yang L, Zhang E, Song Y, Ma YC, Richard S, Zhang C, Qiu H, Habegger KM, Zhang J, Qin G. Sam68 promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis via CRTC2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3340. [PMID: 34099657 PMCID: PMC8185084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is essential for glucose homeostasis and also a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, but its mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we report that Sam68, an RNA-binding adaptor protein and Src kinase substrate, is a novel regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Both global and hepatic deletions of Sam68 significantly reduce blood glucose levels and the glucagon-induced expression of gluconeogenic genes. Protein, but not mRNA, levels of CRTC2, a crucial transcriptional regulator of gluconeogenesis, are >50% lower in Sam68-deficient hepatocytes than in wild-type hepatocytes. Sam68 interacts with CRTC2 and reduces CRTC2 ubiquitination. However, truncated mutants of Sam68 that lack the C- (Sam68ΔC) or N-terminal (Sam68ΔN) domains fails to bind CRTC2 or to stabilize CRTC2 protein, respectively, and transgenic Sam68ΔN mice recapitulate the blood-glucose and gluconeogenesis profile of Sam68-deficient mice. Hepatic Sam68 expression is also upregulated in patients with diabetes and in two diabetic mouse models, while hepatocyte-specific Sam68 deficiencies alleviate diabetic hyperglycemia and improves insulin sensitivity in mice. Thus, our results identify a role for Sam68 in hepatic gluconeogenesis, and Sam68 may represent a therapeutic target for diabetes. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is important for glucose homeostasis and a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors show that the RNA-binding adaptor protein Sam68 promotes the expression level of gluconeogenic genes and increases blood glucose levels by stabilizing the transcriptional coactivator CRTC2, while hepatic Sam68 deletion alleviates hyperglycemia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Junlan Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shiyue Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chan Boriboun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Baolong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianxin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuhua Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yongchao C Ma
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Anne & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephane Richard
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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5
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Chao Y, Jiang Y, Zhong M, Wei K, Hu C, Qin Y, Zuo Y, Yang L, Shen Z, Zou C. Regulatory roles and mechanisms of alternative RNA splicing in adipogenesis and human metabolic health. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 33795017 PMCID: PMC8017860 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) regulates gene expression patterns at the post-transcriptional level and generates a striking expansion of coding capacities of genomes and cellular protein diversity. RNA splicing could undergo modulation and close interaction with genetic and epigenetic machinery. Notably, during the adipogenesis processes of white, brown and beige adipocytes, AS tightly interplays with the differentiation gene program networks. Here, we integrate the available findings on specific splicing events and distinct functions of different splicing regulators as examples to highlight the directive biological contribution of AS mechanism in adipogenesis and adipocyte biology. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has suggested that mutations and/or altered expression in splicing regulators and aberrant splicing alterations in the obesity-associated genes are often linked to humans’ diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation phenotypes. Therefore, significant attempts have been finally made to overview novel detailed discussion on the prospects of splicing machinery with obesity and metabolic disorders to supply featured potential management mechanisms in clinical applicability for obesity treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Chao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonghui Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mianling Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiyan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifang Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiming Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaochun Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
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Lu H, Ye Z, Zhai Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Luo W, Lu Z, Chen J. QKI regulates adipose tissue metabolism by acting as a brake on thermogenesis and promoting obesity. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e47929. [PMID: 31868295 PMCID: PMC6944952 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue controls numerous physiological processes, and its dysfunction has a causative role in the development of systemic metabolic disorders. The role of posttranscriptional regulation in adipose metabolism has yet to be fully understood. Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein quaking (QKI) plays an important role in controlling metabolic homeostasis of the adipose tissue. QKI-deficient mice are resistant to high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Additionally, QKI depletion increased brown fat energy dissipation and browning of subcutaneous white fat. Adipose tissue-specific depletion of QKI in mice enhances cold-induced thermogenesis, thereby preventing hypothermia in response to cold stimulus. Further mechanistic analysis reveals that QKI is transcriptionally induced by the cAMP-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) axis and restricts adipose tissue energy consumption by decreasing stability, nuclear export, and translation of mRNAs encoding UCP1 and PGC1α. These findings extend our knowledge of the significance of posttranscriptional regulation in adipose metabolic homeostasis and provide a potential therapeutic target to defend against obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zichen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PharmacogenomicsSchool of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PharmacogenomicsSchool of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiye Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zifan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PharmacogenomicsSchool of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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7
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Han S, Xu S, Zhou J, Qiao A, Boriboun C, Ma W, Li H, Biyashev D, Yang L, Zhang E, Liu Q, Jiang S, Zhao TC, Krishnamurthy P, Zhang C, Richard S, Qiu H, Zhang J, Qin G. Sam68 impedes the recovery of arterial injury by augmenting inflammatory response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 137:82-92. [PMID: 31639388 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of Src-associated-in-mitosis-68-kDa (Sam68) in cardiovascular biology has not been studied. A recent report suggests that Sam68 promotes TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in fibroblasts. Here we sought to dissect the molecular mechanism by which Sam68 regulates NF-κB signaling and its functional significance in vascular injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS The endothelial denudation injury was induced in the carotid artery of Sam68-null (Sam68-/-) and WT mice. Sam68-/- mice displayed an accelerated re-endothelialization and attenuated neointima hyperplasia, which was associated with a reduced macrophage infiltration and lowered expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the injured vessels. Remarkably, the ameliorated vascular remodeling was recapitulated in WT mice after receiving transplantation of bone marrow (BM) from Sam68-/- mice, suggesting the effect was attributable to BM-derived inflammatory cells. In cultured Raw264.7 macrophages, knockdown of Sam68 resulted in a significant reduction in the TNF-α-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and in the level of nuclear phospho-p65, indicating attenuated NF-κB activation; and these results were confirmed in peritoneal and BM-derived macrophages of Sam68-/- vs. WT mice. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation and mass-spectrometry identified Filamin A (FLNA) as a novel Sam68-interacting protein upon TNF-α treatment. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments suggest that Sam68 and FLNA are mutually dependent for NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and that the N-terminus of Sam68 is required for TRAF2-FLNA interaction. CONCLUSIONS Sam68 promotes pro-inflammatory response in injured arteries and impedes recovery by interacting with FLNA to stabilize TRAF2 on the cytoskeleton and consequently potentiate NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Han
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shiyue Xu
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Junlan Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Aijun Qiao
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chan Boriboun
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Huadong Li
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dauren Biyashev
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Liu Yang
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Shayi Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20062, China
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institution of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Thyagarajan B, Foster MT. Beiging of white adipose tissue as a therapeutic strategy for weight loss in humans. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0016/hmbci-2017-0016.xml. [PMID: 28672737 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance between energy intake and expenditure leads to obesity. Adiposity associated with obesity progressively causes inflammation, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Excessive dietary intake of fat results in its accumulation and storage in the white adipose tissue (WAT), whereas energy expenditure by fat utilization and oxidation predominately occurs in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recently, the presence of a third type of fat, referred to as beige or brite (brown in white), has been recognized in certain kinds of WAT depots. It has been suggested that WAT can undergo the process of browning in response to stimuli that induce and enhance the expression of thermogenes characteristic of those typically associated with brown fat. The resultant beige or brite cells enhance energy expenditure by reducing lipids stored within adipose tissue. This has created significant excitement towards the development of a promising strategy to induce browning/beiging in WAT to combat the growing epidemic of obesity. This review systematically describes differential locations and functions of WAT and BAT, mechanisms of beiging of WAT and a concise analysis of drug molecules and natural products that activate the browning phenomenon in vitro and in vivo. This review also discusses potential approaches for targeting WAT with compounds for site-specific beiging induction. Overall, there are numerous mechanisms that govern browning of WAT. There are a variety of newly identified targets whereby potential molecules can promote beiging of WAT and thereby combat obesity.
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9
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Lin YW, Wei LN. Innate immunity orchestrates adipose tissue homeostasis. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:hmbci-2017-0013. [PMID: 28672736 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with multiple diseases including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, etc. Adipose tissue (AT), mainly brown AT (BAT) and white AT (WAT), is an important metabolic and endocrine organ that maintains whole-body homeostasis. BAT contributes to non-shivering thermogenesis in a cold environment; WAT stores energy and produces adipokines that fine-tune metabolic and inflammatory responses. Obesity is often characterized by over-expansion and inflammation of WAT where inflammatory cells/mediators are abundant, especially pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation and leading to insulin resistance and metabolic complications. Macrophages constitute the major component of innate immunity and can be activated as a M1 or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype in response to environmental stimuli. Polarized M1 macrophage causes AT inflammation, whereas polarized M2 macrophage promotes WAT remodeling into the BAT phenotype, also known as WAT browning/beiging, which enhances insulin sensitivity and metabolic health. This review will discuss the regulation of AT homeostasis in relation to innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 612 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. SE., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Phone: 612-625-9402, Fax: 612-625-8408
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10
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E2F1 Hinders Skin Wound Healing by Repressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression, Neovascularization, and Macrophage Recruitment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160411. [PMID: 27490344 PMCID: PMC4973919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Refractory surface of wound and dermal chronic ulcer are largely attributed to poor neovascularization. We have previously shown that E2F1 suppresses VEGF expression in the ischemic heart, and that genetic deletion of E2F1 leads to better cardiac recovery. However, whether E2F1 has a role in dermal wound healing is currently not known. Methods and Results Skin wounds were surgically induced in E2F1-null (E2F1–/–) mice and WT littermates. E2F1–/– displayed an accelerated wound healing including wound closure, dermal thickening and collagen deposition, which was associated with an increased endothelial cell proliferation and greater vessel density in the border zone of the wound. Furthermore, more macrophages were recruited to the skin lesions and the level of VEGF expression was markedly higher in E2F1–/– than in WT mice. Conclusions E2F1 hinders skin wound healing by suppressing VEGF expression, neovascularization, and macrophage recruitment. Strategies that target E2F1 may enhance wound healing.
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11
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Martin R, Shapiro JI. Role of adipocytes in hypertension. World J Hypertens 2016; 6:66-75. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v6.i2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has known for some time that obesity is associated with salt sensitivity and hypertension, recent data suggests that the adipocyte may actually be the proximate cause of this physiological changes. In the following review, the data demonstrating this association as well as the potentially operative pathophysiological mechanisms are reviewed and discussed.
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Mu Q, Fang X, Li X, Zhao D, Mo F, Jiang G, Yu N, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Fu M, Liu JL, Zhang D, Gao S. Ginsenoside Rb1 promotes browning through regulation of PPARγ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:530-5. [PMID: 26381176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Browning of white adipocyte tissue (WAT) has received considerable attention due to its potential implication in preventing obesity and related comorbidities. Ginsenoside Rb1 is reported to improve glycolipid metabolism and reduce body weight in obese animals. However whether the body reducing effect mediates by browning effect remains unclear. For this purpose, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to study the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on browning adipocytes specific genes and oxygen consumptions. The results demonstrate that 10 μM of ginsenoside Rb1 increases basal glucose uptake and promoted browning evidenced by significant increases in mRNA expressions of UCP-1, PGC-1α and PRDM16 in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Further, ginsenoside Rb1 also increases PPARγ activity. And the browning effect is abrogated by GW9692, a PPARγ antagonist. In addition, ginsenoside Rb1 increases basal respiration rate, ATP production and uncoupling capacity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Those effects are also blunted by GW9692. The results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 promote browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through induction of PPARγ. Our finding offer a new source to discover browning agonists and also useful to understand and extend the applications of ginseng and its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Mu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Na Yu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yubo Guo
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Lin JC. Impacts of Alternative Splicing Events on the Differentiation of Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22169-89. [PMID: 26389882 PMCID: PMC4613302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing was found to be a common phenomenon after the advent of whole transcriptome analyses or next generation sequencing. Over 90% of human genes were demonstrated to undergo at least one alternative splicing event. Alternative splicing is an effective mechanism to spatiotemporally expand protein diversity, which influences the cell fate and tissue development. The first focus of this review is to highlight recent studies, which demonstrated effects of alternative splicing on the differentiation of adipocytes. Moreover, use of evolving high-throughput approaches, such as transcriptome analyses (RNA sequencing), to profile adipogenic transcriptomes, is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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