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Rezaee A, Rahmanian P, Nemati A, Sohrabifard F, Karimi F, Elahinia A, Ranjbarpazuki A, Lashkarbolouki R, Dezfulian S, Zandieh MA, Salimimoghadam S, Nabavi N, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K. NF-ĸB axis in diabetic neuropathy, cardiomyopathy and nephropathy: A roadmap from molecular intervention to therapeutic strategies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29871. [PMID: 38707342 PMCID: PMC11066643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic illness defined by elevated blood glucose levels, mediating various tissue alterations, including the dysfunction of vital organs. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to many consequences that specifically affect the brain, heart, and kidneys. These issues are known as neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, and nephropathy, respectively. Inflammation is acknowledged as a pivotal biological mechanism that contributes to the development of various diabetes consequences. NF-κB modulates inflammation and the immune system at the cellular level. Its abnormal regulation has been identified in several clinical situations, including cancer, inflammatory bowel illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential impact of NF-κB on complications associated with DM. Enhanced NF-κB activity promotes inflammation, resulting in cellular harm and compromised organ performance. Phytochemicals, which are therapeutic molecules, can potentially decline the NF-κB level, therefore alleviating inflammation and the progression of problems correlated with DM. More importantly, the regulation of NF-κB can be influenced by various factors, such as TLR4 in DM. Highlighting these factors can facilitate the development of novel therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Rahmanian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Nemati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Sohrabifard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Elahinia
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ranjbarpazuki
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozhin Lashkarbolouki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Dezfulian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Xu N, Liu S, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zuo Y, Tan X, Liao B, Li P, Feng J. Oxidative stress signaling in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the potential therapeutic role of antioxidant naringenin. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2246720. [PMID: 37747066 PMCID: PMC10538464 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2246720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders that poses a global threat to human health. It can lead to complications in multiple organs and tissues, owing to its wide-ranging impact on the human body. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a specific cardiac manifestation of DM, which is characterized by heart failure in the absence of coronary heart disease, hypertension and valvular heart disease. Given that oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathogenesis of DCM, intervening to mitigate oxidative stress may serve as a therapeutic strategy for managing DCM. Naringenin is a natural product with anti-oxidative stress properties that can suppress oxidative damage by regulating various oxidative stress signaling pathways. In this review, we address the relationship between oxidative stress and its primary signaling pathways implicated in DCM, and explores the therapeutic potential of naringenin in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Isosteviol attenuates DSS-induced colitis by maintaining intestinal barrier function through PDK1/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109532. [PMID: 36508925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic debilitating inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that is characterized by intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and excessive activation of the mucosal immune system. Isosteviol (IS) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate effects and mechanisms of IS against intestinal inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Sham, IS, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and DSS + IS groups. In vivo colitis model was established using 3.0 % DSS. In vitro, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-treated Caco-2 cells were used as an inflammatory model. Clinical characteristics, histological performance, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and intestinal barrier function were measured. In addition, activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB (PDK1/AKT/NF-κB) signaling pathway was determined by western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that IS mitigated DSS-induced colitis by reducing body weight loss, colonic shortening, and disease activity index score, and by inhibiting expressions of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. IS restored impaired barrier function by regulating tight junctions and intestinal epithelial permeability. Furthermore, we found that IS ameliorated intestinal barrier injury by regulating PDK1/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IS attenuates experimental colitis by preserving intestinal barrier function, probably mediated by PDK1/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings highlight the potential of IS as a therapeutic agent for IBD.
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Dhar A, Venkadakrishnan J, Roy U, Vedam S, Lalwani N, Ramos KS, Pandita TK, Bhat A. A comprehensive review of the novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231210170. [PMID: 38069578 PMCID: PMC10710750 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231210170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the myocardium affecting people with diabetes. Treatment of DCM focuses on glucose control, blood pressure management, lipid-lowering, and lifestyle changes. Due to limited therapeutic options, DCM remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, thus emphasizing the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Ongoing research is aimed at understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s) involved in the development and progression of DCM, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. The goal is to develope innovative pharmaceutical therapeutics, offering significant improvements in the clinical management of DCM. Some of these approaches include the effective targeting of impaired insulin signaling, cardiac stiffness, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This review focuses on the latest developments in understanding the underlying causes of DCM and the therapeutic landscape of DCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Utsa Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sahithi Vedam
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nikita Lalwani
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kenneth S. Ramos
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT) 184311, India
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Li J, Zhang J, Yang M, Huang X, Zhang M, Fang X, Wu S. Kirenol alleviates diabetic nephropathy via regulating TGF-β/Smads and the NF-κB signal pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1690-1700. [PMID: 36073930 PMCID: PMC9467559 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kirenol possesses anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and anti-arthritic effects. However, its reno-protective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study explores the reno-protective effects of kirenol against DN and clarifies the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mesangial cells were treated with 20 µM kirenol and 10 ng/mL human recombinant TGF-β1 or 30 mM glucose for 24 h. Then the cells were harvested to assay the expression of the target genes or proteins. Thirty C57BL/6J male mice were given high-fat diet with streptozotocin injection to induce diabetes and then were randomized into three groups (n = 10): vehicle administration (DM group), 2 mg/kg kirenol (DM + kirenol group) and 200 mg/kg metformin (Met group) for 3 months, orally. A healthy group (Con, n = 10) was included as the control. RESULTS Compared to the DM group, kirenol treatment decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and NF-κB (0.64- and 0.43-fold) as well as the accumulation of FN and Col IV (0.58- and 0.35-fold); moreover, the expression of IκBα was restored to normal level by kirenol treatment both in vivo and in vitro. After kirenol treatment, IL-6 expression was decreased 0.35- and 0.57-fold, and TNF-α expression was decreased 0.34- and 0.46-fold, in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Furthermore, kirenol alleviated the glomerular basement membrane thickness and foot process fusion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Kirenol could alleviate DN by downregulating the TGF-β/Smads and the NF-κB signal pathway. Our study provides a potential mechanism for the treatment of DN with kirenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaocui Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiansong Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Wang M, Jin L, Zhang Q, Zhu W, He H, Lou S, Luo W, Han X, Liang G. Curcumin analog JM-2 alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy inflammation and remodeling by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Anti-Diabetic Therapy, Heart Failure and Oxidative Stress: An Update. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164660. [PMID: 36012897 PMCID: PMC9409680 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are two chronic disorders that affect millions worldwide. Hyperglycemia can induce excessive generation of highly reactive free radicals that promote oxidative stress and further exacerbate diabetes progression and its complications. Vascular dysfunction and damage to cellular proteins, membrane lipids and nucleic acids can stem from overproduction and/or insufficient removal of free radicals. The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding the use of antidiabetic drugs and their role in glycemic control in patients with heart failure and oxidative stress. Metformin exerts a minor benefit to these patients. Thiazolidinediones are not recommended in diabetic patients, as they increase the risk of HF. There is a lack of robust evidence on the use of meglinitides and acarbose. Insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may have a neutral cardiovascular effect on diabetic patients. The majority of current research focuses on sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. SGLT2 inhibitors induce positive cardiovascular effects in diabetic patients, leading to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization. GLP-1 receptor agonists may also be used in HF patients, but in the case of chronic kidney disease, SLGT2 inhibitors should be preferred.
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Jubaidi FF, Zainalabidin S, Taib IS, Abdul Hamid Z, Mohamad Anuar NN, Jalil J, Mohd Nor NA, Budin SB. The Role of PKC-MAPK Signalling Pathways in the Development of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiovascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158582. [PMID: 35955714 PMCID: PMC9369123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death among diabetic patients worldwide. Hence, cardiovascular wellbeing in diabetic patients requires utmost importance in disease management. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein kinase C activation plays a vital role in the development of cardiovascular complications via its activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, also known as PKC-MAPK pathways. In fact, persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetic conditions contribute to preserved PKC activation mediated by excessive production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and oxidative stress. PKC-MAPK pathways are involved in several cellular responses, including enhancing oxidative stress and activating signalling pathways that lead to uncontrolled cardiac and vascular remodelling and their subsequent dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the recent discovery on the role of PKC-MAPK pathways, the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetic cardiovascular complications, and their potential as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular management in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Zariyantey Abdul Hamid
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Center for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
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Mei Y, Hu H, Deng L, Sun X, Tan W. Therapeutic effects of isosteviol sodium on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating autophagy via Sirt1/AMPK pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12857. [PMID: 35896572 PMCID: PMC9329321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isosteviol sodium (STVNa) is a beyerane diterpene synthesized via acid hydrolysis of stevioside, which can improve glucose and lipid metabolism in animals with diabetes. However, it remains unknown whether STVNa can exhibit a therapeutic effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its underlying mechanism. We hypothesize that autophagic initiation may play a key role in mediating the development of NAFLD. Herein, we assessed the effects of STVNa on NAFLD and its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that STVNa treatment effectively ameliorated NAFLD in rats fed high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, STVNa decreased the expression of inflammation-related genes and maintained a balance of pro-inflammatory cytokines in NAFLD rats. STVNa also reduced lipid accumulation in free fatty acid (FFA)-exposed LO2 cells. In addition, STVNa attenuated hepatic oxidative stress and fibrosis in NAFLD rats. Furthermore, STVNa enhanced autophagy and activated Sirtuin 1/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (Sirt1/AMPK) pathway both in vivo and in vitro, thus attenuating intracellular lipid accumulation. In summary, STVNa could improve lipid metabolism in NAFLD by initiating autophagy via Sirt1/AMPK pathway. Therefore, STVNa may be an alternative therapeutic agent for treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,YZ Health-Tech Inc., Hengqin District, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liangjun Deng
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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Wang S, Huang J, Tan KS, Deng L, Liu F, Tan W. Isosteviol Sodium Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Colitis through the Regulation of Metabolic Profiling, Macrophage Polarization, and NF- κB Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4636618. [PMID: 35126813 PMCID: PMC8813272 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4636618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) constitute a group of chronic intestinal conditions prominently featuring deranged metabolism. Effective pharmacological treatments for IBDs are lacking. Isosteviol sodium (STV-Na) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may offer therapeutic benefits in chronic colitis. However, the associated mechanism remains unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the therapeutic effects of STV-Na against chronic colitis in terms of metabolic reprogramming and macrophage polarization. Results show that STV-Na attenuated weight loss and colonic pathological damage and restored the hematological and biochemical parameters in chronic colitis mice models. STV-Na also restored intestinal permeability by increasing the goblet cell numbers, which was accompanied by lowered plasma lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase levels. Metabolomic analysis highlighted 102 candidate biomarkers and 5 vital pathways that may be crucial in the potential pharmacological mechanism of STV-Na in regulating intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. These pathways were glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism. Furthermore, STV-Na significantly decreased M1 macrophage polarization in the spleen and colon. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB/p65 in colonic tissue from the colitis mice were decreased after the STV-Na treatment. Overall, STV-Na could alleviate chronic colitis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation levels, reprogramming the metabolic profile, inhibiting macrophage polarization, and suppressing the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway. STV-Na remains a promising candidate drug for treating IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Wang
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiandong Huang
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keai Sinn Tan
- 2College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- 3Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd., Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China
| | - Liangjun Deng
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Liu
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen Tan
- 3Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd., Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China
- 4Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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Wang S, Huang J, Liu F, Tan KS, Deng L, Lin Y, Tan W. Isosteviol Sodium Exerts Anti-Colitic Effects on BALB/c Mice with Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis Through Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Response Modulation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:7107-7130. [PMID: 34992409 PMCID: PMC8709797 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are global health problems that are associated with immune regulation, but clinical IBDs treatment is currently inadequate. Effective preventive or therapeutic methods for immune disorders rely on controlling the function of immune cells. Isosteviol sodium (STV-Na) has antioxidant activity, but the therapeutic effect of STV-Na against IBD remain undocumented. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effect of STV-Na in mice models with IBDs. METHODS Mice received 3.5% DSS for 7 days to establish IBD models. Intraperitoneal STV-Na was given 2 days before DSS and lasted for 9 days. Commercially available drugs used in treating IBDs (5-aminosalicylic acid, dexamethasone, and infliximab) were used as positive controls. Samples were collected 7 days after colitis induction. Histopathological score, biochemical parameters, molecular biology methods, and metabolomics were used for evaluating the therapeutic effect of STV-Na. RESULTS Our data revealed that STV-Na could significantly alleviate colon inflammation in mice with colitis. Specifically, STV-Na treatment improved body weight loss, increased colon length, decreased histology scores, and restored the hematological parameters of mice with colitis. The untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that metabolic profiles were restored by STV-Na treatment. Furthermore, STV-Na therapy suppressed the number of CD68 macrophages and F4/80 cell infiltration. And STV-Na suppressed M1 and M2 macrophage numbers along with the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, STV-Na administration increased the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells while decreasing Th1/Th2/Th17 cell counts in the spleen. Additionally, STV-Na treatment restored intestinal barrier disruption in DSS-triggered colitis tissues by ameliorating the TJ proteins, increasing goblet cell proportions, and mucin protein production, and decreasing the permeability to FITC-dextran, which was accompanied by decreased plasma LPS and DAO contents. CONCLUSION These results indicate that STV-Na can ameliorate colitis by modulating immune responses along with metabolic reprogramming, and could therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keai Sinn Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Deng
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Lin
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Tan
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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12
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Isosteviol improves cardiac function and promotes angiogenesis after myocardial infarction in rats. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:275-285. [PMID: 34820705 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Isosteviol has been indicated as a cardiomyocyte protector. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Thus, we sought to confirm the protective effect of isosteviol after myocardial infarction in a model of permanent coronary artery occlusion and investigate the potential proangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. A 4-week permanent coronary artery occlusion rat model was generated, and the protective effect of isosteviol was evaluated by echocardiographic imaging and hemodynamics assays. The coronary capillary density was tested by immunochemistry and micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging. The effect of isosteviol on endothelial cells was determined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and Tg (kdrl: EGFP) zebrafish in vivo. We also examined the expression of related transcription factors by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Isosteviol increased ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), cardiac systolic index (CI), maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (Max dp/dt), and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) by 32%, 40%, 25%, 26%, and 10%, respectively, in permanent coronary artery occlusion rats. Interestingly, it also promoted coronary capillary density by 2.5-fold. In addition, isosteviol promoted the proliferation and branching of HUVECs in vitro. It also rescued intersegmental vessel (ISV) development and improved endothelial cell proliferation by approximately fivefold (4-6) in zebrafish embryos in vivo. Isosteviol also upregulated the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in zebrafish by fourfold and 3.5-fold, respectively. Our findings suggest that isosteviol is a proangiogenic agent and that this activity is related to its protective effects against myocardial ischemia. After using the permanent coronary artery occlusion model, we demonstrated that isosteviol promotes angiogenesis directly and increases capillary density in myocardial ischemia rats. Isosteviol promotes angiogenesis in zebrafish in vivo and increases vascular endothelial cell proliferation in HUVECs and zebrafish. The angiogenesis activity of isosteviol may be correlated with VEGFA and HIF-1α signaling.
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13
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Cao Y, Lu Z, Wang D, Tan KS, Liu W, Wu Q, Lin Y, Tan W. Therapeutic evaluation and metabolic reprograming of isosteviol sodium in a rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174539. [PMID: 34599913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia heart disease, one of the lethal cardiovascular diseases, irreversibly impairs cardiac function and is recognized as the primary risk factor for mortality in industrialized countries. The myocardial ischemia treatment still faces a considerable degree of increasing unmet needs. Isosteviol sodium (STVNa) and its derivatives have been proven to effectively alleviate metabolic diseases, hypertension, and heart hypertrophy. Little is known about how STVNa confers the cardioprotective effect during acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). In the present study, a rat model of acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial ischemia by left anterior descending (LAD) ligation was established. Compared to the AMI model group, STVNa administration (4 mg/kg, twice a day) well preserved left ventricle function by ejection fraction (45.10 ± 10.39 vs. 73.64 ± 13.15, p = 0.0013) and fractional shortening (22.94 ± 6.28 vs. 44.00 ± 11.05, p = 0.0017). Further analysis shows that high-dose STVNa (4 mg/kg) significantly improved the hemodynamics in AMI rats, with LVSP (88.25 ± 12.78 vs 99.75 ± 5.10, p = 0.018), max dP/dt (2978.45 ± 832.46 vs 4048.56 ± 827.23, p = 0.096), LVEDP (19.88 ± 2.00 vs 22.26 ± 3.21, p = 0.04) and left ventricular relaxation time constant (Tau) (0.030 ± 0.006 vs 0.021 ± 0.004, p = 0.021). Mechanically, STVNa administration retained the myocardial levels of phosphorylated AMPK, and CPT1b. Moreover, STVNa significantly increased the total energy expenditure, and reduced fatty acid accumulation through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which was supported by the indirect calorimetry and cellular energy analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that STVNa is a potential cardioprotection agent for ischemic cardiomyopathy, likely through improving energy homeostasis, left ventricular hemodynamics, and heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; Post-Doctoral Innovation Base, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China
| | - Ziqiang Lu
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Base, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; Post-Doctoral Innovation Base, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China.
| | - Keai Sinn Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; Post-Doctoral Innovation Base, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Base, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China
| | - Qiujie Wu
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Base, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Base, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Base, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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14
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Balbaa M, El-Zeftawy M, Abdulmalek SA. Therapeutic Screening of Herbal Remedies for the Management of Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:6836. [PMID: 34833928 PMCID: PMC8618521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of diabetes mellitus (DM) patterns illustrates increasingly important facts. Most importantly, they include oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular death. Up to now, there is a shortage of drug therapies for DM, and the discovery and the development of novel therapeutics for this disease are crucial. Medicinal plants are being used more and more as an alternative and natural cure for the disease. Consequently, the objective of this review was to examine the latest results on the effectiveness and protection of natural plants in the management of DM as adjuvant drugs for diabetes and its complex concomitant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
| | - Marwa El-Zeftawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, New Valley 72511, Egypt;
| | - Shaymaa A. Abdulmalek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
- Center of Excellency for Preclinical Study (CE-PCS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
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15
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Wang S, Tan KS, Beng H, Liu F, Huang J, Kuai Y, Zhang R, Tan W. Protective effect of isosteviol sodium against LPS-induced multiple organ injury by regulating of glycerophospholipid metabolism and reducing macrophage-driven inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105781. [PMID: 34302975 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe inflammatory disorder that can lead to multiple organ injury. Isosteviol sodium (STV-Na) is a terpenoid derived from stevioside that exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities. However, the influence of STV-Na on sepsis remains unknown. Here, we assessed the potential effects of STV-Na on sepsis and multiple organ injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that STV-Na increased the survival rate of mice treat with LPS, significantly improved the functions of the heart, lung, liver, and kidney, reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines and decreased macrophage infiltration. Moreover, Multiorgan metabolomics analysis demonstrated that glutathione metabolism, purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, were significantly altered by STV-Na. This study provides novel insights into the metabolite changes of multiple organ injury in septic mice, which may help characterize the underlying mechanism and provide an improved understanding of the therapeutic effects of STV-Na on sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Keai Sinn Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China.
| | - Huimin Beng
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiandong Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yihe Kuai
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wen Tan
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
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16
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Potnuri AG, Purushothaman S, Saheera S, Nair RR. Mito-targeted antioxidant prevents cardiovascular remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rat by modulation of energy metabolism. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:35-45. [PMID: 34459495 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) augments the risk of cardiovascular anomalies. Mitochondrial alterations result in oxidative stress, accompanied by decrease in fatty acid oxidation, leading to the activation of the hypertrophic program. Targeted antioxidants are expected to reduce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species more effectively than general antioxidants. This study was designed to assess whether the mito-targeted antioxidant, Mito-Tempol (Mito-TEMP) is more effective than the general oxidant, Tempol (TEMP) in reduction of hypertension and hypertrophy and prevention of shift in cardiac energy metabolism. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were administered either TEMP (20 mg/kg/day) or Mito-TEMP (2 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 30 days. Post treatment, animals were subjected to 2D-echocardiography. Myocardial lysates were subjected to RPLC - LTQ-Orbitrap-MS analysis. Mid-ventricular sections were probed for markers of energy metabolism and fibrosis. The beneficial effect on cardiovascular structure and function was significantly higher for Mito-TEMP. Increase in mitochondrial antioxidants and stimulation of fatty acid metabolism; with significant improvement in cardiovascular function was apparent in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with Mito-TEMP. The study indicates that Mito-TEMP is superior to its non- targeted isoform in preventing hypertension induced LVH, and the beneficial effects on heart are possibly mediated by reversal of metabolic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Godwin Potnuri
- Department of Animal Physiology, Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Indian Council for Medical Research - National Animal, Hyderabad, India.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrom, India
| | - Sreeja Purushothaman
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrom, India
| | - Sherin Saheera
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrom, India
| | - Renuka R Nair
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrom, India
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17
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Mei Y, Kuai Y, Hu H, Liu F, Liu B, Sun X, Tan W. Isosteviol Sodium Attenuates High Fat/High Cholesterol-Induced Kidney Dysfunction by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1172-1178. [PMID: 32741937 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sodium salt of isosteviol (STVNa) is a beyerane diterpene synthesized through acid hydrolysis of stevioside. STVNa improves multiple types of tissue injuries. However, it is not known how isosteviol sodium affects high-fat and high cholesterol diet (HFD)-induced kidney. Therefore, in this study we examined the potential molecular mechanism underlying STVNa mediated protective effect against high fat/high cholesterol-induced kidney dysfunction in HFD-induced kidney injury. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were allocated into six groups: the normal group, HFD group and HFD treated with three doses of STVNa, fenofibrate treatment group. The results indicated that HFD induced kidney injury evident by a 60% increase in serum creatinine (CRE) leves. In addition, there was a significant accumulation of triglycerides (approx. 60%), fatty acids (approx. 50%) and total cholesterol (approx. 2.5 fold) in the kidneys. STVNa inhibited HFD-induced kidney injury evident by reducing the increased levels of serum CRE. Specifically, STVNa attenuated HFD-induced kidney injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. These findings indicate that STVNa has a therapeutic potential for HFD-induced kidney dysfunction. The mechanisms of this pharmacological effect are through the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mei
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Yihe Kuai
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
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18
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Shahcheraghi SH, Aljabali AAA, Al Zoubi MS, Mishra V, Charbe NB, Haggag YA, Shrivastava G, Almutary AG, Alnuqaydan AM, Barh D, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Lotfi M, Serrano-Aroca Á, Bahar B, Mishra YK, Takayama K, Panda PK, Bakshi HA, Tambuwala MM. Overview of key molecular and pharmacological targets for diabetes and associated diseases. Life Sci 2021; 278:119632. [PMID: 34019900 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes epidemiological quantities are demonstrating one of the most important communities' health worries. The essential diabetic difficulties are including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, inflammation, and retinopathy. Despite developments in glucose decreasing treatments and drugs, these diabetic complications are still ineffectively reversed or prohibited. Several signaling and molecular pathways are vital targets in the new therapies of diabetes. This review assesses the newest researches about the key molecules and signaling pathways as targets of molecular pharmacology in diabetes and diseases related to it for better treatment based on molecular sciences. The disease is not cured by current pharmacological strategies for type 2 diabetes. While several drug combinations are accessible that can efficiently modulate glycemia and mitigate long-term complications, these agents do not reverse pathogenesis, and in practice, they are not established to modify the patient's specific molecular profiling. Therapeutic companies have benefited from human genetics. Genome exploration, which is agnostic to the information that exists, has revealed tens of loci that impact glycemic modulation. The physiological report has begun to examine subtypes of diseases, illustrate heterogeneity and propose biochemical therapeutic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Yarmouk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin B Charbe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Yusuf A Haggag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Abortion Research Center, Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Translational Research Centre San Alberto Magno, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- University of Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hamid A Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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19
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Yao R, Cao Y, Jiang R, Zhang X, Li F, Wang S. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of hydroxysafflor yellow A in normal and diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5173. [PMID: 33982286 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a major active water-soluble component in Carthamus tinctorius L., is considered a potential antioxidant with protective effects against myocardial injury. However, its pharmacokinetic characteristics in normal and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mice remain unknown. This study was designed to investigate the differences in the pharmacokinetics of HSYA between normal and streptozotocin-induced DCM mice. HSYA in the mouse plasma was quantified using LC-MS/MS. Compared with the normal group, the DCM group showed a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC(0-t) , AUC(0-∞) ) value and peak plasma concentration, suggesting a higher uptake of HSYA in the DCM mice, and a significantly lower plasma clearance and apparent volume of distribution, suggesting slower elimination of HSYA in the DCM mice. The levels of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher, and malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in DCM mice than in normal mice, indicating the antioxidative stress effect of HSYA. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that the serum HSYA content in the DCM mice significantly positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme levels. These results showed that the pharmacokinetics of HSYA changed significantly in the DCM mice, and this may improve the antioxidative stress effect of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Ramachandra CJA, Cong S, Chan X, Yap EP, Yu F, Hausenloy DJ. Oxidative stress in cardiac hypertrophy: From molecular mechanisms to novel therapeutic targets. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:297-312. [PMID: 33675957 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
When faced with increased workload the heart undergoes remodelling, where it increases its muscle mass in an attempt to preserve normal function. This is referred to as cardiac hypertrophy and if sustained, can lead to impaired contractile function. Experimental evidence supports oxidative stress as a critical inducer of both genetic and acquired forms of cardiac hypertrophy, a finding which is reinforced by elevated levels of circulating oxidative stress markers in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. These observations formed the basis for using antioxidants as a therapeutic means to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and improve clinical outcomes. However, the use of antioxidant therapies in the clinical setting has been associated with inconsistent results, despite antioxidants having been shown to exert protection in several animal models of cardiac hypertrophy. This has forced us to revaluate the mechanisms, both upstream and downstream of oxidative stress, where recent studies demonstrate that apart from conventional mediators of oxidative stress, metabolic disturbances, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation as well as dysregulated autophagy and protein homeostasis contribute to disease pathophysiology through mechanisms involving oxidative stress. Importantly, novel therapeutic targets have been identified to counteract oxidative stress and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy but more interestingly, the repurposing of drugs commonly used to treat metabolic disorders, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, sleep disorders and arthritis have also been shown to improve cardiac function through suppression of oxidative stress. Here, we review the latest literature on these novel mechanisms and intervention strategies with the aim of better understanding the complexities of oxidative stress for more precise targeted therapeutic approaches to prevent cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan J A Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Shuo Cong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xavier Chan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - En Ping Yap
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fan Yu
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
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21
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Abdul KSM, Faiz N, Jovanović A, Tan W. Isosteviol Protects H9c2 Cells Against Hypoxia-reoxygenation by Activating ERK1/2. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:73-77. [PMID: 33593268 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x21666210216122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the present study, we have investigated the cardioprotective properties of Isosteviol (STV) under conditions of hypoxia-reoxygenation and elucidated the underlying mechanism. BACKGROUND In our previous studies, we have determined that STV exhibits neuro- and cardio-protective properties. However, the mechanism underlying STV-induced cardioprotection has not yet been fully understood. METHODS All experiments were performed on rat heart embryonic H9c2 cell line. To induce hypoxia- reoxygenation, cells were exposed to 1% oxygen (in no glucose and no sodium pyruvate DMEM) following by reoxygenation (using fully supplemented MEM). Cells viability was tested by MTT assay, and protein levels were compared by Western blotting. RESULTS Treatment of heart embryonic H9c2 cells with STV (10 μM) significantly increased the survival of cells exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation. STV (10 μM) activated ERK1/2 and DRP1 in hypoxia-reoxygenation, but did not have any effects on ERK1/2 or DRP1 in normoxia. STV (10 μM) did not regulate CAMKII, AKT or AMPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Taken all together, our findings demonstrate that 1) STV protects H9c2 cells against hypoxia-reoxygenation and that 2) this effect is mediated via ERK1/2. The property of STV that selectively activates ERK1/2 in cells exposed to stress, but not in cells under non-stress conditions, makes this compound a promising candidate-drug for therapy against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaja S M Abdul
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Neha Faiz
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aleksandar Jovanović
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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22
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Liu X, Han W, An N, Cao N, Wu T, Yang S, Ding L, Chen X, Chen C, Aruhan, Zhang Y, Wang K, Suo L, Huang J, Wang J, Zhao X, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Yang B. Kanglexin protects against cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mice by TGF-β1/ERK1/2 noncanonical pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:572637. [PMID: 33519438 PMCID: PMC7840489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.572637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological manifestation accompanied by various heart diseases, and antifibrotic therapy is an effective strategy to prevent diverse pathological processes of the cardiovascular system. We currently report the pharmacological evaluation of a novel anthraquinone compound (1,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone-3-oxy ethyl succinate) named Kanglexin (KLX), as a potent cardioprotective agent with antifibrosis activity. Our results demonstrated that the administration of KLX by intragastric gavage alleviated cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgical operation. Meanwhile, KLX administration relieved endothelial to mesenchymal transition of TAC mice. In TGF β1-treated primary cultured adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), KLX inhibited cell proliferation and collagen secretion. Also, KLX suppressed the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in CFs. Further studies revealed that KLX-mediated cardiac protection was due to the inhibitory role of TGF-β1/ERK1/2 noncanonical pathway. In summary, our study indicates that KLX attenuated cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction of TAC mice, providing a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for heart pathological remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weina Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na An
- Science and Technology Park, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Cao
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Ding
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aruhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianhuan Suo
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiuxin Zhu
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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23
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Prantner D, Nallar S, Vogel SN. The role of RAGE in host pathology and crosstalk between RAGE and TLR4 in innate immune signal transduction pathways. FASEB J 2020; 34:15659-15674. [PMID: 33131091 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002136r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the innate immune receptor protein, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE), has been extensively studied, there has been renewed interest in RAGE for its potential role in sepsis, along with a host of other inflammatory diseases of chronic, noninfectious origin. In contrast to other innate immune receptors, for example, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), that recognize ligands derived from pathogenic organisms that are collectively known as "pathogen-associated molecular patterns" (PAMPs) or host-derived "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs), RAGE has been shown to recognize a broad collection of DAMPs exclusively. Historically, these DAMPs have been shown to be pro-inflammatory in nature. Early studies indicated that the adaptor molecule, MyD88, might be important for this change. More recent studies have explored further the mechanisms underlying this inflammatory change. Overall, the newer results have shown that there is extensive crosstalk between RAGE and TLRs. The three canonical RAGE ligands, Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), HMGB1, and S100 proteins, have all been shown to activate both TLRs and RAGE to varying degrees in order to induce inflammation in in vitro models. As with any field that delves deeply into innate signaling, obstacles of reagent purity may be a cause of some of the discrepancies in the literature, and we have found that commercial antibodies that have been widely used exhibit a high degree of nonspecificity. Nonetheless, the weight of published evidence has led us to speculate that RAGE may be physically interacting with TLRs on the cell surface to elicit inflammation via MyD88-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prantner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shreeram Nallar
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Mei Y, Liu B, Su H, Zhang H, Liu F, Ke Q, Sun X, Tan W. Isosteviol sodium protects the cardiomyocyte response associated with the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10866-10875. [PMID: 32757458 PMCID: PMC7521233 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte dysfunction is attributed to excess oxidative damage, but the molecular pathways involved in this process have not been completely elucidated. Evidence indicates that isosteviol sodium (STVNa) has cardioprotective effects. We therefore aimed to identify the effect of STVNa on cardiomyocytes, as well as the potential mechanisms involved in this process. We established two myocardial hypertrophy models by treating H9c2 cells with high glucose (HG) and isoprenaline (ISO). Our results showed that STVNa reduced H9c2 mitochondrial damage by attenuating oxidative damage and altering the morphology of mitochondria. The results also indicated that STVNa had a positive effect on HG- and ISO-induced damages via mitochondrial biogenesis. The protective effects of STVNa on cardiomyocytes were associated with the regulation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α signalling pathway. Importantly, the effects of STVNa involved different methods of regulation in the two models, which was confirmed by experiments using an inhibitor and activator of SIRT1. Together, the results provide the basis for using STVNa as a therapy for the prevention of cardiomyocyte dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mei
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Qingjin Ke
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
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25
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Zou X, Tan Q, Goh BH, Lee LH, Tan KL, Ser HL. ‘Sweeter’ than its name: anti-inflammatory activities of Stevia rebaudiana. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1771434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - QiWen Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kai-Leng Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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26
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Adehin A, Tan KS, Zou C, Lu Z, Lin Y, Wang D, Cheng Q, Tan W. A compartmental approach to isosteviol's disposition in Sprague-Dawley rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:1003-1011. [PMID: 31820053 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Isosteviol has been reported to reverse hypertrophy and related inflammatory responses in in vitro models representative of cardiac muscle cells. The disposition of isosteviol is, however, characterized by secondary peaks and long plasma residence time despite reports of a relatively short half-life in liver fractions. The present study describes a compartmental approach to modelling the secondary peaks characteristic of isosteviol's concentration-time data in Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral (4 mg/kg) and intravenous (4 mg/kg) doses of isosteviol were administered to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma samples collected between 0 and 72 h, and total bile secreted in 24 h, were analysed for isosteviol content with LC-MS/MS techniques. The disposition of isosteviol was, thereafter, described with a structural model that accounted for the sampling, liver and biliary secretion compartments, with a gap-time characterizing the accumulation and subsequent emptying of isosteviol for re-absorption. The half-life of isosteviol following oral dosing was about 103% greater in female rats than in the male, and the model-derived area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in 72 h was about 756% greater in female animals than in males. Following the administration of intravenous doses of isosteviol, half-life and AUC in 24 h were about 332% and 595%, respectively, higher in female rats than in males. Isosteviol equivalent secreted into bile over 24 h accounted for about 94% of orally administered dose in male rats, and about 59% of oral dose in females. These findings show a differential systemic removal of isosteviol in Sprague-Dawley rats, likely explainable by gender-related differences in the glucuronidation-capacity of isosteviol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayorinde Adehin
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Keai Sinn Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengjuan Zou
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Zou F, Wang L, Liu H, Wang W, Hu L, Xiong X, Wu L, Shen Y, Yang R. Sophocarpine Suppresses NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation Both In Vitro and In Vivo and Inhibits Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1219. [PMID: 31736745 PMCID: PMC6836764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. DCM is a leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. We used both in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the hypothesis that sophocarpine (SPC), a natural quinolizidine alkaloid derived from a Chinese herb, could protect against DCM. We used hyperglycemic myocardial cells and a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus mouse model. SPC protected myocardial cells from hyperglycemia-induced injury by improving mitochondrial function, suppressing inflammation, and inhibiting cardiac apoptosis. The SPC treatment significantly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling in high-glucose-stimulated inflammatory responses. Moreover, SPC significantly slowed the development and progression of DCM in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results show that SPC suppresses NF-κB-mediated inflammation both in vitro and in vivo and may be used to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Longlong Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Xiaoying Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
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28
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Wang Y, Guo Z, Gao Y, Liang P, Shan Y, He J. Angiotensin II receptor blocker LCZ696 attenuates cardiac remodeling through the inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway in mice with pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:86. [PMID: 31649814 PMCID: PMC6805527 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy (PAH) represents a pregnancy-associated myocardial disease that is characterized by the progression of heart failure due to marked left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Compelling evidence has highlighted the potential of angiotensin (Ang) receptor inhibitors as therapeutic targets in PAH treatment. The present study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Ang II receptor inhibitor LCZ696 treatment in PAH. Initially, a PAH mouse model was induced, followed by intraperitoneal injection of LCZ696. Subsequently, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were isolated, cultured, and treated with Ang II and LCZ696, followed by detection of the total survival rate, cardiac injury, cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis. Moreover, in order to quantify the cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis degree of cardiac fibroblasts, the expression levels of markers of cardiac hypertrophy (ANP, βMHC and TIMP2) and markers of fibrosis (collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β) were evaluated. Furthermore, the potential effect of LCZ696 on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was examined. The acquired findings revealed that LCZ696 increased the total survival rate of PAH mice, but decreased cardiac injury, cardiac fibrosis, and apoptosis in vitro. LCZ696 attenuated cardiac injury induced by Ang II through the inhibition the expression of markers of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, LCZ676 could potentially alleviate cardiac remodeling in mice with PAH via blockade of the ERK signaling pathway activation. Our findings suggest that LCZ696 could be a potential target for PAH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiheng Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
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29
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Wu B, Huang XY, Li L, Fan XH, Li PC, Huang CQ, Xiao J, Gui R, Wang S. Attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy by relying on kirenol to suppress inflammation in a diabetic rat model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7651-7663. [PMID: 31565849 PMCID: PMC6815847 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by diabetes‐induced myocardial abnormalities, accompanied by inflammatory response and alterations in inflammation‐related signalling pathways. Kirenol, isolated from Herba Siegesbeckiae, has potent anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of kirenol against DCM and underlying the potential mechanisms in a type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Kirenol treatment significantly decreased high glucose‐induced cardiofibroblasts proliferation and increased the cardiomyocytes viability, prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and further attenuated cardiomyocytes apoptosis, accompanied by a reduction in apoptosis‐related protein expression. Kirenol gavage could affect the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in a dose‐dependent manner but not lower lipid profiles, and only decrease fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and mean HbA1c levels in high‐dose kirenol‐treated group at some time‐points. Left ventricular dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis and cell apoptosis, as structural and functional abnormalities, were ameliorated by kirenol administration. Moreover, in diabetic hearts, oral kirenol significantly attenuated activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase subfamily and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and Smad2/3 and decreased phosphorylation of IκBα and both fibrosis‐related and apoptosis‐related proteins. In an Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the binding activities of NF‐κB, Smad3/4, SP1 and AP‐1 in the nucleus of diabetic myocardium were significantly down‐regulated by kirenol treatment. Additionally, high dose significantly enhanced myocardial Akt phosphorylation without intraperitoneal injection of insulin. Kirenol may have potent cardioprotective effects on treating for the established diabetic cardiomyopathy, which involves the inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis‐related signalling pathways and is independent of lowering hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia and lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Huang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Chen Y, Beng H, Su H, Han F, Fan Z, Lv N, Jovanović A, Tan W. Isosteviol prevents the development of isoprenaline‑induced myocardial hypertrophy. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1932-1942. [PMID: 31545484 PMCID: PMC6777692 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isosteviol sodium (STVNa), which is a derivate of the natural sweet-tasting glycoside stevioside, has recently been developed and it has been determined that this compound exhibits neuro- and cardio-protective properties. In the current study, whether STVNa interferes with the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which is induced by isoprenaline (Iso), was investigated in an experimental rat model. Rats were treated with a vehicle (0.9% NaCl; control), isoprenaline (Iso; 5 mg/kg) or Iso (5 mg/kg) with STVNa (4 mg/kg; Iso + STVNa). Cardiomyocytes were isolated using enzymatic dissociation and were treated with 5 µM Iso for 24 h and co-treated with 5 µM STVNa. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA expression was determined using PCR analysis. Cell surface area, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), cytoplasmic Ca2+ and Ca2+ and contractile function were examined using a laser scanning confocal microscope. The current study demonstrated that STVNa inhibited Iso-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting cardiomyocyte size. STVNa significantly reduced cell surface area and decreased BNP mRNA expression in ventricular cardiomyocyte Iso-induced hypertrophy. STVNa was also revealed to restore ΔΨm and reduce ROS generation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration when compared with the Iso-treated group. Additionally, STVNa preserved Ca2+ transients in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that STVNa protects against Iso-induced myocardial hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress, restoring ΔΨm and maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxu Chen
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Beng
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Fuping Han
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Fan
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Nanying Lv
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Aleksandar Jovanović
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, CY‑1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
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Empagliflozin prevents cardiomyopathy via sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway in type 2 diabetes mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1705-1720. [PMID: 31337673 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications contribute to the major mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure. EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial has reported that empagliflozin, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, exerts cardiovascular benefits on diabetic population. However, the mechanism by which empagliflozin alleviates DCM still remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the cardiac protective effects of empagliflozin on spontaneous type 2 diabetic db/db mice and its potential mechanism. Eight weeks of empagliflozin treatment (10 mg/kg/day) decreased body weight and blood glucose level, and increased urinary glucose excretion (UGE) in diabetic mice. Echocardiography revealed that both systolic and diastolic functions of db/db mice were also obviously improved by empagliflozin. Furthermore, empagliflozin-treated diabetic mice presented with amelioration of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In addition, diabetic hearts exhibited the deterioration of oxidative stress, apoptosis and pyroptosis, while these effects were significantly counteracted after empagliflozin treatment. Moreover, empagliflozin rescued diabetes-induced suppression of sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme)-cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-PKG (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) pathway. However, when sGC-β expression of hearts was inhibited by transvascular delivery of small interfering RNA, cardiac dysfunction was aggravated and the advantages of empagliflozin were reversed through inhibiting sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway. Collectively, these findings indicate that empagliflozin improves cardiac function involving the inhibition of oxidative stress-induced injury via sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway and may be a promising therapeutic option for DCM.
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Synthesis of Isosteviol analogues as potential protective agents against Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in zebrafish embryos. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1705-1709. [PMID: 31129053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful anthracycline antibiotic agent which is widely used to treat various types of cancers. Despite efficacy, it displays severe cardiotoxic side effects. Discovery of novel and effective protective agents against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has been a subject of great interest. Herein, we report the synthesis of two series of analogues of Isosteviol (ISV) 1 with modifications at C-16, C-19 positions as the first series and at C-15, C-16 positions as the other series. Interestingly second series analogues have shown a potential protective effect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos in vivo. Further, we have demonstrated that the synthesized new analogues of ISV, prevented the morphological distortions caused due to DOX cardiotoxicity in zebrafish heart and the associated cardiac impairments.
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In vitro metabolic stability and biotransformation of isosteviol in human and rat liver fractions. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:194-200. [PMID: 30880146 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Isosteviol is a lead compound whose cardioprotective property has been partly explained by its regulation of ion channels and interference with signalling pathways in the metabolism of some fatty acids. This study determined the metabolic stability of isosteviol in human liver microsomes and H9c2 cell line, and the identity of its metabolites in human and rat liver fractions. Isosteviol was largely unmetabolized in H9c2 cells and in NADPH-only supplemented human liver fractions, suggesting a very limited contribution of phase I biotransformation to its hepatic clearance. The in vitro half-life of isosteviol in UDPGA-only supplemented medium was observed to be 24.9 min with an estimated intrinsic clearance of 0.349 mL/min/kg in man. Analysis by LC-MS/MS and Q-tof showed that isosteviol is mainly metabolised to its acyl-β-D-glucuronide in humans and rats. Mono-hydroxy-isosteviol and dihydroisosteviol were also identified. Rat liver fraction, however, generated dihydroxy-isosteviol in addition to two mono-hydroxy derivatives. Further studies confirmed that dihydroisosteviol is subsequently biotransformed to its acyl-β-D-glucuronide in man and rat. These findings suggest that future studies of the efficacy and toxicity of isosteviol might have to consider xenobiotics that alter the glucuronidation pathways significantly in man.
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Zhu ZD, Ye JM, Fu XM, Wang XC, Ye JY, Wu XR, Hua P, Liao YQ, Xuan W, Duan JL, Li WY, Fu H, Xia ZH, Zhang X. DDAH2 alleviates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through activation of the DDAH/ADMA/NOS/NO pathway in rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:749-760. [PMID: 30569164 PMCID: PMC6317674 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a form of idiopathic heart disease, with signs including hypertrophy of myocardial cells, hypertension‑independent fibrosis and coronary artery disease. Considering the involvement of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) in diabetes, it was hypothesized that DDAH2 may be beneficial to cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis during the progression of DCM with involvement of the DDAH/asymmetric NG, NGdimethyl‑L‑arginine (ADMA)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. Following establishment of diabetic rat models, diabetes‑related blood biochemical indices and cardiac function were measured in diabetic rats treated with lentivirus expressing DDAH2, short hairpin RNA against DDAH2, or L‑NNA (inhibitor of NOS) to identify the roles of DDAH2 in DCM. The functional roles of DDAH2 in DCM were further determined through detection of the levels of collagen I, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2). The H9C2 myocardial cell line was selected for in vitro experiments. The effects of DDAH2 on the migration of myocardial cells under high glucose conditions were also examined. To further investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of DDAH2 in DCM, the contents of ADMA and NO, and the activities of DDAH and NOS were observed. The DCM model rats treated with DDAH2 exhibited reduced left ventricular end‑diastolic pressure, and decreased blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels, but exhibited increased left ventricular systolic pressure and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise/fall levels in myocardial tissues. Myocardial cells under high glucose conditions treated with DDAH2 showed reductions in collagen I, MMP2 and TIMP2, indicating that DDAH2 reduced cell migration. Decreased levels of ADMA and NO but increased levels of DDAH and NOS were observed following treatment with DDAH2, indicating that the DDAH/ADMA/NOS/NO pathway was activated. These results reveal that the overexpression of DDAH2 attenuates myocardial fibrosis and protects against DCM through activation of the DDAH/ADMA/NOS/NO pathway in DCM rats. These results indicate that DDAH2 is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Dong Zhu
- Yunnan Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yun Ye
- Pathogenic Organisms Department of Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ran Wu
- Center Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qiong Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lan Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yuan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fu
- Clinic Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Hua Xia
- Clinical Medical College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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