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Hattori A, Suzuki N. Receptor-Mediated and Receptor-Independent Actions of Melatonin in Vertebrates. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:105-116. [PMID: 38587523 DOI: 10.2108/zs230057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indolamine that is synthesized from tryptophan in the pineal glands of vertebrates through four enzymatic reactions. Melatonin is a quite unique bioactive substance, characterized by a combination of both receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions, which promote the diverse effects of melatonin. One of the main functions of melatonin, via its membrane receptors, is to regulate the circadian or seasonal rhythm. In mammals, light information, which controls melatonin synthesis, is received in the eye, and transmitted to the pineal gland, via the suprachiasmatic nucleus, where the central clock is located. Alternatively, in many vertebrates other than mammals, the pineal gland cells, which are involved in melatonin synthesis and secretion and in the circadian clock, directly receive light. Recently, it has been reported that melatonin possesses several metabolic functions, which involve bone and glucose, in addition to regulating the circadian rhythm. Melatonin improves bone strength by inhibiting osteoclast activity. It is also known to maintain brain activity during sleep by increasing glucose uptake at night, in an insulin-independent manner. Moreover, as a non-receptor-mediated action, melatonin has antioxidant properties. Melatonin has been proven to be a potent free radical scavenger and a broad-spectrum antioxidant, even protecting organisms against radiation from space. Melatonin is a ubiquitously distributed molecule and is found in bacteria, unicellular organisms, fungi, and plants. It is hypothesized that melatonin initially functioned as an antioxidant, then, in vertebrates, it combined this role with the ability to regulate rhythm and metabolism, via its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan,
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Watanabe K, Maruyama Y, Iwashita H, Kato H, Hirayama J, Hattori A. N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, which decreases in the hippocampus with aging, improves long-term memory via CaMKII/CREB phosphorylation. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12934. [PMID: 38241676 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a molecule ubiquitous in nature and involved in several physiological functions. In the brain, melatonin is converted to N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and then to N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), which has been reported to strongly enhance long-term object memory formation. However, the synthesis of AMK in brain tissues and the underlying mechanisms regarding memory formation remain largely unknown. In the present study, young and old individuals from a melatonin-producing strain, C3H/He mice, were employed. The amount of AMK in the pineal gland and plasma was very low compared with those of melatonin at night; conversely, in the hippocampus, the amount of AMK was higher than that of melatonin. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (Ido) mRNA was expressed in multiple brain tissues, whereas tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo) mRNA was expressed only in the hippocampus, and its lysate had melatonin to AFMK conversion activity, which was blocked by the TDO inhibitor. The expression levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and PSD-95 in whole hippocampal tissue were significantly increased with AMK treatment. Before increasing in the whole tissue, CREB phosphorylation was significantly enhanced in the nuclear fraction. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, we found that downregulated genes in hippocampus of old C3H/He mice were more enriched for long-term potentiation (LTP) pathway. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that LTP and neuroactive receptor interaction gene sets were enriched in hippocampus of old mice. In addition, Ido1 and Tdo mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of old mice compared with young mice, and the decrease in Tdo mRNA was more pronounced than Ido1. Furthermore, there was a higher decrease in AMK levels, which was less than 1/10 that of young mice, than in melatonin levels in the hippocampus of old mice. In conclusion, we first demonstrated the Tdo-related melatonin to AMK metabolism in the hippocampus and suggest a novel mechanism of AMK involved in LTP and memory formation. These results support AMK as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Iwashita
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruyasu Kato
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Sustainable Systems Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
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Yang T, Wu J, Ding X, Zhou B, Xiong Y. The association of melatonin use and hip fracture: a matched cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1127-1135. [PMID: 37036474 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
By using propensity-score matched cohorts, we compared the risk of incident hip fracture between melatonin initiators and hypnotic benzodiazepines initiators. The initiation of melatonin was not associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. INTRODUCTION Melatonin is hypothesized to suppress bone loss, but a previous study reported an increased risk of hip fracture among melatonin users compared with non-users, which was however susceptible to confounding by indication. This study aimed to compare the risk of hip fracture between melatonin initiators and initiators of its active comparators, i.e., hypnotic benzodiazepines. METHODS Among individuals aged 40 years or older without a history of hip fracture or cancer in the IQVIA Medical Research Database (IMRD) in the UK (2000-2018), a propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted to examine the association of melatonin initiation vs. hypnotic benzodiazepines initiation with the risk of hip fracture. RESULTS After propensity score matching, 9,038 patients were included (4,519 melatonin initiators and 4,519 hypnotic benzodiazepines initiators). During the entire follow-up, 41 cases of hip fracture occurred in the melatonin cohort, and 51 cases occurred in the hypnotic benzodiazepines cohort. The absolute rate difference in hip fracture between melatonin initiators and hypnotic benzodiazepines initiators was -0.8 (95% CI: -1.9 to 0.3) per 1000 person-years and the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of hip fracture for melatonin initiators was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.51 to 1.17). CONCLUSION In this population-based cohort study, the risk of hip fracture among melatonin initiators was not higher, if not lower, than that among hypnotic benzodiazepines initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yilin Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Osteoarthritis, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Hirayama J, Hattori A, Takahashi A, Furusawa Y, Tabuchi Y, Shibata M, Nagamatsu A, Yano S, Maruyama Y, Matsubara H, Sekiguchi T, Suzuki N. Physiological consequences of space flight, including abnormal bone metabolism, space radiation injury, and circadian clock dysregulation: Implications of melatonin use and regulation as a countermeasure. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12834. [PMID: 36203395 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the space environment induces a number of pathophysiological outcomes in astronauts, including bone demineralization, sleep disorders, circadian clock dysregulation, cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction, and reduced immune system function. A recent report describing experiments aboard the Space Shuttle mission, STS-132, showed that the level of melatonin, a hormone that provides the biochemical signal of darkness, was decreased during microgravity in an in vitro culture model. Additionally, abnormal lighting conditions in outer space, such as low light intensity in orbital spacecraft and the altered 24-h light-dark cycles, may result in the dysregulation of melatonin rhythms and the misalignment of the circadian clock from sleep and work schedules in astronauts. Studies on Earth have demonstrated that melatonin regulates various physiological functions including bone metabolism. These data suggest that the abnormal regulation of melatonin in outer space may contribute to pathophysiological conditions of astronauts. In addition, experiments with high-linear energy transfer radiation, a ground-based model of space radiation, showed that melatonin may serve as a protectant against space radiation. Gene expression profiling using an in vitro culture model exposed to space flight during the STS-132 mission, showed that space radiation alters the expression of DNA repair and oxidative stress response genes, indicating that melatonin counteracts the expression of these genes responsive to space radiation to promote cell survival. These findings implicate the use of exogenous melatonin and the regulation of endogenous melatonin as countermeasures for the physiological consequences of space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences & Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Sustainable Systems Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Japan
| | | | - Sachiko Yano
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
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Chen X, Yang J, Lv H, Che J, Wang J, Zhang B, Shang P. The potential benefits of melatonin in the prevention and treatment of bone loss in response to microgravity. ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2023; 202:48-57. [DOI: org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
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Sufaru IG, Teslaru S, Pasarin L, Iovan G, Stoleriu S, Solomon SM. Host Response Modulation Therapy in the Diabetes Mellitus—Periodontitis Conjuncture: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081728. [PMID: 36015357 PMCID: PMC9414216 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response of the host in periodontitis is the phenomenon that underlies the onset and evolution of periodontal destructive phenomena. A number of systemic factors, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), can negatively affect the patient with periodontitis, just as the periodontal disease can aggravate the status of the DM patient. Host response modulation therapy involves the use of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant products aimed at resolving inflammation, stopping destructive processes, and promoting periodontal healing, all important aspects in patients with high tissue loss rates, such as diabetic patients. This paper reviews the data available in the literature on the relationship between DM and periodontitis, the main substances modulating the inflammatory response (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sub-antimicrobial doses of doxycycline, or omega-3 fatty acids and their products, specialized pro-resolving mediators), as well as their application in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina-Georgeta Sufaru
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Silvia Teslaru
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Liliana Pasarin
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Gianina Iovan
- Department of Cariology and Restorative Dental Therapy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Stoleriu
- Department of Cariology and Restorative Dental Therapy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorina Mihaela Solomon
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Insights into the Role of Macrophage Polarization in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2485959. [PMID: 35707276 PMCID: PMC9192196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2485959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, which causes bone fragility and increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is closely related to the inhibition of osteogenesis and the enhancement of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, chronic inflammation and macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoporosis as well. Macrophages, crucial to inflammatory responses, display different phenotypes under the control of microenvironment. There are two major phenotypes, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Generally, M1 macrophages mainly lead to bone resorption, while M2 macrophages result in osteogenesis. M1/M2 ratio reflects the “fluid” state of macrophage polarization, and the imbalance of M1/M2 ratio may cause disease such as osteoporosis. Additionally, antioxidant drugs, such as melatonin, are applied to change the state of macrophage polarization and to treat osteoporosis. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms of macrophage polarization-mediated bone resorption and bone formation and the contribution to the clinical strategies of osteoporosis treatment.
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Zhang Y, Liu T, Yang H, He F, Zhu X. Melatonin: A novel candidate for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101635. [PMID: 35483626 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by cartilage erosion, synovium inflammation, and subchondral bone remodeling, is a common joint degenerative disease worldwide. OA pathogenesis is regulated by multiple predisposing factors, including imbalanced matrix metabolism, aberrant inflammatory response, and excessive oxidative stress. Moreover, melatonin has been implicated in development of several degenerative disorders owing to its potent biological functions. With regards to OA, melatonin reportedly promotes synthesis of cartilage matrix, inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis, attenuation of inflammatory response, and suppression of matrix degradation by regulating the TGF-β, MAPK, or NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, melatonin has been associated with amelioration of oxidative damage by restoring the OA-impaired intracellular antioxidant defense system in articular cartilage. Findings from preliminary application of melatonin or melatonin-loaded biomaterials in animal models have affirmed its potential anti-arthritic effects. Herein, we summarize the anti-arthritic effects of melatonin on OA cartilage and demonstrate that melatonin has potential therapeutic efficacy in treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China.
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China.
| | - Xuesong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China.
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Xie Y, Han N, Li F, Wang L, Liu G, Hu M, Wang S, Wei X, Guo J, Jiang H, Wang J, Li X, Wang Y, Wang J, Bian X, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Liu C, Liu X, Liu Z. Melatonin enhances osteoblastogenesis of senescent bone marrow stromal cells through NSD2-mediated chromatin remodelling. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e746. [PMID: 35220680 PMCID: PMC8882236 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging-associated osteoporosis is frequently seen in the elderly in clinic, but efficient managements are limited because of unclear nosogenesis. The current study aims to investigate the role of melatonin on senescent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the underlying regulating mechanism. METHODS Melatonin levels were tested by ELISA. Gene expression profiles were performed by RNA-sequencing, enrichment of H3K36me2 on gene promoters was analyzed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-seq), and chromatin accessibility was determined by Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq). Osteogenesis of BMSCs in vitro was measured by Alizarin Red and Alkaline Phosphatase staining, and in vivo effects of melatonin was assessed by histological staining and micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scan. Correlation of NSD2 expression and severity of senile osteoporosis patients were analyzed by Pearson correlation. RESULTS Melatonin levels were decreased during aging in human bone marrow, accompanied by downregulation of the histone methyltransferase nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2 (NSD2) expression in the senescent BMSCs. Melatonin stimulated the expression of NSD2 through MT1/2-mediated signaling pathways, resulting in the rebalancing of H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 modifications to increase chromatin accessibility of the osteogenic genes, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP). Melatonin promoted osteogenesis of BMSCs in vitro, and alleviates osteoporosis progression in the aging mice. In clinic, severity of senile osteoporosis (SOP) was negatively correlated with melatonin level in bone marrow, as well as NSD2 expression in BMSCs. Similarly, melatonin remarkably enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs derived from SOP patients in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study dissects previously unreported mechanistic insights into the epigenetic regulating machinery of melatonin in meliorating osteogenic differentiation of senescent BMSC, and provides evidence for application of melatonin in preventing aging-associated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
| | - Na Han
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular BiologyPeking University People's Hospital; National Center for Trauma MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Feng Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsWeifang People's HospitalWeifangChina
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory; Linyi Key Laboratory of Tumor BiologyLinyi People's HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Gerui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
| | - Meilin Hu
- Tianjin Medical University School of StomatologyHepingChina
| | - Sheng Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
| | - Xuelei Wei
- Department of EmergencyTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Jing Guo
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
| | - Xin Li
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
| | - Yixuan Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
| | - Jingya Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
| | - Xiyun Bian
- Central Laboratory; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development in Preterm InfantsThe Fifth Central Hospital of TianjinBinhaiTianjinChina
| | - Zhongjiao Zhu
- Department of OrthopaedicsTengzhou Central People's HospitalTenghzouChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of PhysiologyShandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences)JinanShandongChina
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development in Preterm InfantsThe Fifth Central Hospital of TianjinBinhaiTianjinChina
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityHepingChina
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Effects of Antioxidant in Adjunct with Periodontal Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081304. [PMID: 34439554 PMCID: PMC8389262 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review investigated whether the adjunctive use of antioxidants with periodontal therapy improves periodontal parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. A systematic and extensive literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted before April 2021 was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively evaluate the clinical outcomes following periodontal therapy. After independent screening of 137 initial records, nine records from eight RCTs were included. The risk-of-bias assessment revealed that all RCTs had methodological weaknesses regarding selective bias, although other risk factors for bias were not evident. This meta-analysis of two RCTs showed that periodontal pocket depths were significantly reduced in the groups treated with combined non-surgical periodontal therapy and melatonin than in those treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy alone. The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the adjunctive use of melatonin, resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids with cranberry juice, propolis, and aloe vera gel with periodontal therapy significantly improves periodontal disease parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes, and melatonin application combined with non-surgical periodontal therapy might significantly reduce periodontal pocket depth. However, there are still limited studies of melatonin in combination with non-surgical periodontal therapy in Type 2 diabetic patients, and more well-designed RCTs are required to be further investigated.
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Huang J, Li Y, He C. Melatonin as a Trigger of Therapeutic Bone Regenerating Capacity in Biomaterials. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:707-718. [PMID: 34250874 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210709145347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects are usually treated with bone grafting. Several synthetic biomaterials have emerged to replace autologous and allogeneic bone grafts, but there are still shortcomings in bone regeneration. Melatonin has demonstrated a beneficial effect on bone metabolism with the potential to treat fractures, bone defects, and osteoporosis. The hormone promoted osteogenesis, inhibited osteoclastogenesis, stimulated angiogenesis, and reduced peri-implantitis around the graft. Recently, a growing number of studies showed beneficial effects of melatonin to treat bone defects. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in bone healing are still poorly understood. In this review, we recapitulate the potential mechanisms of melatonin, providing a new horizon to the clinical treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Choi JH, Jang AR, Park MJ, Kim DI, Park JH. Melatonin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Regulating PRMT1-Mediated Signaling. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6169647. [PMID: 33713122 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone, has been suggested to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis due to its inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation. We previously reported that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) was an important mediator of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. However, the relationship between melatonin and PRMT1 in osteoclast differentiation and estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis is unclear. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory mechanisms of melatonin in vitro and in vivo by focusing on PRMT1. Melatonin treatment effectively blocked RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting PRMT1 and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) expression. RANKL-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and the phosphorylation of JNK were also suppressed by melatonin, and TRAF6 siRNA attenuated RANKL-induced p-JNK and PRMT1 production. Melatonin inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB by interfering with the binding of PRMT1 and NF-κB subunit p65 in RANKL-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our results also revealed that melatonin inhibits RANKL-induced PRMT1 expression through receptors-independent pathway. Thus, the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of melatonin was mediated by a cascade of inhibition of RANKL-induced TRAF6, JNK, PRMT1, and NF-κB signaling in melatonin receptors-independent pathway. In vivo, ovariectomy caused significant decreases in bone mineral density, but melatonin treatment alleviated the ovariectomized (OVX)-induced bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption. Furthermore, the expression PRMT1 and TRAP mRNA was upregulated in OVX-femurs, but effectively suppressed by melatonin injection. These findings suggest that melatonin inhibited osteoclast differentiation and estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by suppressing RANKL-induced TRAF6, JNK, PRMT1, and NF-κB signaling cascades in melatonin receptors-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Jang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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The Effect of Space Travel on Bone Metabolism: Considerations on Today's Major Challenges and Advances in Pharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094585. [PMID: 33925533 PMCID: PMC8123809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity-induced bone loss is currently a significant and unresolved health risk for space travelers, as it raises the likelihood for irreversible changes that weaken skeletal integrity and the incremental onset of fracture injuries and renal stone formation. Another issue related to bone tissue homeostasis in microgravity is its capacity to regenerate following fractures due to weakening of the tissue and accidental events during the accomplishment of particularly dangerous tasks. Today, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological countermeasures to this problem have been proposed, including physical exercise, diet supplements and administration of antiresorptive or anabolic drugs. However, each class of pharmacological agents presents several limitations as their prolonged and repeated employment is not exempt from the onset of serious side effects, which limit their use within a well-defined range of time. In this review, we will focus on the various countermeasures currently in place or proposed to address bone loss in conditions of microgravity, analyzing in detail the advantages and disadvantages of each option from a pharmacological point of view. Finally, we take stock of the situation in the currently available literature concerning bone loss and fracture healing processes. We try to understand which are the critical points and challenges that need to be addressed to reach innovative and targeted therapies to be used both in space missions and on Earth.
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Wang X, Chen T, Deng Z, Gao W, Liang T, Qiu X, Gao B, Wu Z, Qiu J, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Liang Z, Zhou H, Xu C, Liang A, Su P, Peng Y, Huang D. Melatonin promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation and prevents osteoporosis development through modulating circ_0003865 that sponges miR-3653-3p. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:150. [PMID: 33632317 PMCID: PMC7908669 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the implications of circRNAs in the effects of melatonin (MEL) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation and osteoporosis (OP) progression. The aim of our study was to investigate circRNAs in MEL-regulated BMSC differentiation and OP progression. Methods BMSC osteogenic differentiation was measured by qRT-PCR, western blot (WB), Alizarin Red, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Differential circRNA and mRNA profiles of BMSCs treated by MEL were characterized by deep sequencing, followed by validation using RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and qRT-PCR. Silencing and overexpression of circ_0003865 were conducted for functional investigations. The sponged microRNAs and targeted mRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics and validated by qRT-PCR, RNA pull-down, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The function of miR-3653-3p and circ_0003865/miR-3653-3p/growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) cascade was validated for the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by CCK-8, qRT-PCR, WB, Alizarin Red, and ALP staining. The effects of circ_0003865 on OP development were tested in murine OP model. Results MEL promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. RNA sequencing revealed significant alterations in circRNA and mRNA profiles associated with multiple biological processes and signaling pathways. Circ_0003865 expression in BMSCs was significantly decreased by MEL treatment. Silencing of circ_0003865 had no effect on proliferation while promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Overexpression of circ_0003865 abrogated the promotion of BMSC osteogenic differentiation induced by MEL, but proliferation of BMSCs induced by MEL had no change whether circ_0003865 was overexpression or not. Furthermore, circ_0003865 sponged miR-3653-3p to promote GAS1 expression in BMSCs. BMSC osteogenic differentiation was enhanced by miR-3653-3p overexpression while BMSC proliferation was not affected. By contrast, miR-3653-3p silencing mitigated the promoted BMSC osteogenic differentiation caused by circ_0003865 silencing, but had no effect on proliferation. Finally, circ_0003865 silencing repressed OP development in mouse model. Conclusion MEL promotes BMSC osteogenic differentiation and inhibits OP pathogenesis by suppressing the expression of circ_0003865, which regulates GAS1 gene expression via sponging miR-3653-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Taiqiu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhihuai Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tongzhou Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zizhao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jincheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhancheng Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anjing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
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Abstract
Osteocytes are an ancient cell, appearing in fossilized skeletal remains of early fish and dinosaurs. Despite its relative high abundance, even in the context of nonskeletal cells, the osteocyte is perhaps among the least studied cells in all of vertebrate biology. Osteocytes are cells embedded in bone, able to modify their surrounding extracellular matrix via specialized molecular remodeling mechanisms that are independent of the bone forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteocytes communicate with osteoclasts and osteoblasts via distinct signaling molecules that include the RankL/OPG axis and the Sost/Dkk1/Wnt axis, among others. Osteocytes also extend their influence beyond the local bone environment by functioning as an endocrine cell that controls phosphate reabsorption in the kidney, insulin secretion in the pancreas, and skeletal muscle function. These cells are also finely tuned sensors of mechanical stimulation to coordinate with effector cells to adjust bone mass, size, and shape to conform to mechanical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Robling
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA;
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA;
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