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Review: Role and regulatory mechanism of inhibin in animal reproductive system. Theriogenology 2023; 202:10-20. [PMID: 36878034 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibin (INH) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the gonads that inhibit the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Increasing evidence indicates that INH plays a significant role in the development of the reproductive system including follicle development, ovulation rate, corpus luteum formation and ablation, steroid hormone synthesis and spermatogenesis, subsequently affecting the reproductive capacity of animals such as litter size and egg production. There are currently three main views on how INH inhibits FSH synthesis and secretion: influencing the activity of adenylate cyclase, the expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor or gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, and the competition system of inhibin-activin. This review discusses the current findings on the structure, function, and mechanism of action of INH in the reproductive system of animals.
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de Moraes FP, Missio D, Lazzari J, Rovani MT, Ferreira R, Gonçalves PBD, Gasperin BG. Local regulation of antral follicle development and ovulation in monovulatory species. Anim Reprod 2023; 19:e20220099. [PMID: 36650852 PMCID: PMC9833292 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of mutations in the genes encoding bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) associated with phenotypes of sterility or increased ovulation rate in sheep aroused interest in the study of the role of local factors in preantral and antral folliculogenesis in different species. An additive mutation in the BMP15 receptor, BMPR1b, which determines an increase in the ovulatory rate, has been introduced in several sheep breeds to increase the number of lambs born. Although these mutations indicate extremely relevant functions of these factors, the literature data on the regulation of the expression and function of these proteins and their receptors are very controversial, possibly due to differences in experimental models. The present review discusses the published data and preliminary results obtained by our group on the participation of local factors in the selection of the dominant follicle, ovulation, and follicular atresia in cattle, focusing on transforming growth factors beta and their receptors. The study of the expression pattern and the functionality of proteins produced by follicular cells and their receptors will allow increasing the knowledge about this local system, known to be involved in ovarian physiopathology and with the potential to promote contraception or increase the ovulation rate in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Pereira de Moraes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniele Missio
- Rede FiBRA-RS - Fisiopatologia e Biotécnicas da Reprodução, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Jessica Lazzari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Rede FiBRA-RS - Fisiopatologia e Biotécnicas da Reprodução, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Rogério Ferreira
- Faculdade de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
| | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Rede FiBRA-RS - Fisiopatologia e Biotécnicas da Reprodução, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Bernardo Garziera Gasperin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil,Rede FiBRA-RS - Fisiopatologia e Biotécnicas da Reprodução, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil,Corresponding author:
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3
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Changes in Ovulation-Related Gene Expression during Induced Ovulation in the Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) Ovarian Follicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113143. [PMID: 36361931 PMCID: PMC9656806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The luteinizing hormone (LH) and maturation-inducing steroids (MIS), such as 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, regulate the final oocyte maturation in teleosts. Oocyte maturational competence (OMC) and ovulatory competence measure the sensitivity to MIS for oocyte maturation and ovulation, respectively. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of ovulatory competence remain unknown. Sturgeons are an excellent research model for investigating these mechanisms. We examined the seasonal profiles of OMC and ovulatory competence in vitro and the expression of 17 ovulation-related gene candidates using quantitative PCR in Amur sturgeon ovarian follicles. The ovulatory competence was induced by the LH-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) priming injection after acquiring the OMC, which was spontaneously induced in spring or autumn. Seven genes, including the tissue-type plasminogen activator (plat), were enhanced following the LHRHa priming injection in ovarian follicles sampled from anovulated and ovulated fish. The activin receptor type 1 (acvr1) and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (ptgs2) were only upregulated in ovulated fish. Our results suggest that plat/plasmin and prostaglandin (PG)/PG receptor systems are essential for sturgeon ovulation, similar to other vertebrates. Notably, successful ovulation depends on a sufficient PG synthesis, and mediators activating the PG/PG receptor system are essential for acquiring the ovulatory competence. We provide the first report of ovulation-related gene alterations in the ovarian follicles of Amur sturgeons.
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Roberts JF, Jeff Huang CC. Bovine models for human ovarian diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:101-154. [PMID: 35595347 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During early embryonic development, late fetal growth, puberty, adult reproductive years, and advanced aging, bovine and human ovaries closely share molecular pathways and hormonal signaling mechanisms. Other similarities between these species include the size of ovaries, length of gestation, ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics, and pathophysiology of ovarian diseases. As an economically important agriculture species, cattle are a foundational species in fertility research with decades of groundwork using physiologic, genetic, and therapeutic experimental techniques. Many technologies used in modern reproductive medicine, such as ovulation induction using hormonal therapy, were first used in cows before human trials. Human ovarian diseases with naturally occurring bovine correlates include premature ovary insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and sex-cord stromal tumors (SCSTs). This article presents an overview of bovine ovary research related to causes of infertility, ovarian diseases, diagnostics, and therapeutics, emphasizing where the bovine model can offer advantages over other lab animals for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Roberts
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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5
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Haas CS, Oliveira FC, Rovani MT, Ferst JG, Vargas SF, Vieira AD, Mondadori RG, Pegoraro LM, Gonçalves PB, Bordignon V, Ferreira R, Gasperin BG. Bone morphogenetic protein 15 intrafollicular injection inhibits ovulation in cattle. Theriogenology 2022; 182:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Spicer LJ, Schutz LF, Aad PY. Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4, gremlin, and connective tissue growth factor on estradiol and progesterone production by bovine granulosa cells. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6415266. [PMID: 34724558 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β family of proteins that have been implicated in the paracrine regulation of granulosa cell (GC) function, but whether responses to BMPs change with follicular size or interact with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) or BMP antagonists (e.g., gremlin [GREM]) to directly affect GC function of cattle is unknown. Therefore, to determine the effects of BMP4 on proliferation and steroidogenesis of GCs and its interaction with GREM or CTGF, experiments were conducted using bovine GC cultures. In vitro, BMP4 (30 ng/mL) inhibited (P < 0.05) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plus insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-induced progesterone and estradiol production by large- and small-follicle GCs, but the inhibitory effect of BMP4 on estradiol production was much more pronounced in large-follicle GCs. In small-follicle GCs, BMP4 had no effect (P > 0.10) on IGF1-induced proliferation, but GREM inhibited (P < 0.05) cell proliferation and estradiol and progesterone production in IGF1 plus FSH-treated GCs. In large-follicle GCs, BMP4 (10 to 30 ng/mL) increased (P < 0.05) GC numbers and GREM (100 ng/mL) blocked this effect. In large-follicle GCs, CTGF inhibited (P < 0.05) FSH plus IGF1-induced progesterone and estradiol production, and CTGF blocked the stimulatory effect of BMP4 on GC proliferation. These results indicate that BMP4, GREM, and CTGF inhibit GC aromatase activity and progesterone production. Also, the stimulatory effect of BMP4 on GC proliferation and the inhibitory effects of BMP4 on GC steroidogenesis are more pronounced in large vs. small follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Luis F Schutz
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Pauline Y Aad
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Yang D, Yang X, Dai F, Wang Y, Yang Y, Hu M, Cheng Y. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Ovarian Function and Diseases. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3316-3330. [PMID: 33966186 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the largest subfamily of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP4 is a secreted protein that was originally identified due to its role in bone and cartilage development. Over the past decades, extensive literature has indicated that BMP4 and its receptors are widely expressed in the ovary. Dysregulation of BMP4 expression may play a vital role in follicular development, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian cancer. In this review, we summarized the expression pattern of BMP4 in the ovary, focused on the role of BMP4 in follicular development and steroidogenesis, and discussed the role of BMP4 in ovarian diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian cancer. Some studies have shown that the expression of BMP4 in the ovary is spatiotemporal and species specific, but the effects of BMP4 seem to be similar in follicular development of different species. In addition, BMP4 is involved in the development of hyperandrogenemia in PCOS and drug resistance in ovarian cancer, but further research is still needed to clarify the specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Zhang HY, Zhu FF, Zhu YJ, Hu YJ, Chen X. Effects of IL-18 on the proliferation and steroidogenesis of bovine theca cells: Possible roles in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1128-1139. [PMID: 33459528 PMCID: PMC7812265 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine and is associated with arrested follicle development and anovulation which are the typical pathological changes of PCOS. Theca cells (TCs) have a key role in follicular growth and atresia. But whether IL-18 can directly affect ovarian TCs function is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of IL-18 on proliferation and steroidogenesis of bovine TCs and to explore the biological effect of IL-18 on folliculogenesis. This work revealed that at 300-1000 pg/mL, IL-18 led to a time- and dose-dependently increase in cell proliferation (P < .05). IL-18 increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP4) and androstenedione (A2) secretion with up-regulation of key steroidogenesis-related genes CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 (P < .05). Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the IL-18R protein is predominantly expressed in small-follicle (3-6 mm) TCs than large follicles (8-22 mm) by immunohistochemistry. We also found that the stimulation effects of IL-18 on TCs can be reversed with the addition of IL-18BP as early as at 4 hours of culture and reached the peak at 16 hours. We conclude that IL-18 appears to target TCs in bovine, and suggest an important role for this cytokine in ovarian function. Present findings further validate potential effects of IL-18 in the conditions associated with follicular dysplasia and excessive growth of ovarian TCs (such as PCOS). But additional research is needed to further understand the mechanism of action of IL-18 in theca cells as well as its precise role in folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Central Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu Fan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Jun Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Central Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Jing Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Central Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Central Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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'Free' inhibin α subunit is expressed by bovine ovarian theca cells and its knockdown suppresses androgen production. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19793. [PMID: 31874971 PMCID: PMC6930203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibins are ovarian dimeric glycoprotein hormones that suppress pituitary FSH production. They are synthesised by follicular granulosa cells as α plus βA/βB subunits (encoded by INHA, INHBA, INHBB, respectively). Inhibin concentrations are high in follicular fluid (FF) which is also abundant in ‘free’ α subunit, presumed to be of granulosal origin, but its role(s) remains obscure. Here, we report the unexpected finding that bovine theca cells show abundant INHA expression and ‘free’ inhibin α production. Thus, theca cells may contribute significantly to the inhibin α content of FF and peripheral blood. In vitro, knockdown of thecal INHA inhibited INSL3 and CYP17A1 expression and androgen production while INSL3 knockdown reduced INHA and inhibin α secretion. These findings suggest a positive role of thecal inhibin α on androgen production. However, exogenous inhibin α did not raise androgen production. We hypothesised that inhibin α may modulate the opposing effects of BMP and inhibin on androgen production. However, this was not supported experimentally. Furthermore, neither circulating nor intrafollicular androgen concentrations differed between control and inhibin α-immunized heifers, casting further doubt on thecal inhibin α subunit having a significant role in modulating androgen production. Role(s), if any, played by thecal inhibin α remain elusive.
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Regulation of AMH, AMHR-II, and BMPs (2,6) Genes of Bovine Granulosa Cells Treated with Exogenous FSH and Their Association with Protein Hormones. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121038. [PMID: 31842416 PMCID: PMC6947534 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is an important reproductive marker of ovarian reserve produced by granulosa cells (GCs) of pre-antral and early-antral ovarian follicles in several species, including cattle. This hormone plays a vital role during the recruitment of primordial follicles and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-dependent follicular growth. However, the regulatory mechanism of AMH expression in follicles is still unclear. In this study, we compared the expression of AMH, AMHR-II, BMP2, BMP6, FSHR, and LHCGR genes during follicular development. In-vitro expression study was performed with and without FSH for AMH, AMHR-II, BMP2, and BMP6 genes in bovine GCs which were isolated from 3–8 mm follicles. Association among the mRNA expression and hormone level was estimated. GCs were collected from small (3–8 mm), medium (9–12 mm) and large size (13 to 24 mm) follicles before, during onset, and after deviation, respectively. Further, mRNA expression, hormones (AMH, FSH, and LH), apoptosis of GCs, and cell viability were detected by qRT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and spectrophotometry. AMH, AMHR-II, BMP2, and FSHR genes were highly expressed in small and medium follicles as compared to large ones. In addition, the highest level of AMH protein (84.14 ± 5.41 ng/mL) was found in medium-size follicles. Lower doses of FSH increased the viability of bovine GCs while higher doses repressed them. In-vitro cultured GCs treated with FSH significantly increased the AMH, AMHR-II, and BMP2 expression levels at lower doses, while expression levels decreased at higher doses. We found an optimum level of FSH (25 ng/mL) which can significantly enhance AMH and BMP2 abundance (p < 0.05). In summary, AMH, AMHR-II, and BMP2 genes showed a higher expression in follicles developed in the presence of FSH. However, lower doses of FSH demonstrated a stimulatory effect on AMH and BMP2 expression, while expression started to decline at the maximum dose. In this study, we have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating AMH, AMHR II, and BMP2 signaling in GCs during folliculogenesis, which would improve the outcomes of conventional assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), such as superovulation and oestrus synchronization in bovines.
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Aoyama M, Shiraishi A, Matsubara S, Horie K, Osugi T, Kawada T, Yasuda K, Satake H. Identification of a New Theca/Interstitial Cell-Specific Gene and Its Biological Role in Growth of Mouse Ovarian Follicles at the Gonadotropin-Independent Stage. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:553. [PMID: 31474939 PMCID: PMC6702446 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Theca/interstitial cells are responsible for the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. However, little is known about the theca/interstitial cell-specific genes and their functions. In this study, we explored transcriptomes of theca/interstitial cells by RNA-seq, and the novel biological roles of a theca cell marker, asporin (Aspn)/periodontal ligament-associated protein 1 (PLAP-1). RNA-seq detected 432 and 62 genes expressed specifically in theca/interstitial cells and granulosa cells isolated from 3-weeks old mouse ovaries. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that these genes were largely categorized into four major groups: extracellular matrix organization-related terms, chemotaxis-related terms, the angiogenesis-related terms, and morphogenesis-related terms. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the newly detected representative gene, Aspn/PLAP-1, was detected specifically in the outer layer of theca cells in contrast with the expression of the basal lamina-specific gene, Nidgen-1. Intriguingly, an Aspn/PLAP-1 antibody completely arrested the growth of secondary follicles that is the gonadotropin-independent follicle developmental stage. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-triggered signaling was induced by the Aspn/PLAP-1 antibody treatment, which is consistent with the inhibitory effect of Aspn/PLAP-1 on TGF-β. Altogether, these results suggest that theca cells are classified into subpopulations on the basis of new marker genes and their biological functions, and provide evidence that Aspn/PLAP-1 is expressed exclusively in the outer layer of theca cells and plays a pivotal role in the growth of secondary follicles via downregulation of the canonical TGF-β signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Aoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Matsubara
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Horie
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osugi
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawada
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
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Kordus RJ, Hossain A, Corso MC, Chakraborty H, Whitman-Elia GF, LaVoie HA. Cumulus cell pappalysin-1, luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor, amphiregulin and hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 mRNA levels associate with oocyte developmental competence and embryo outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1457-1469. [PMID: 31187330 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a selected set of mRNA biomarkers expressed in individual cumulus granulosa cell (CC) masses show association with oocyte developmental competence, embryo ploidy status, and embryo outcomes. METHODS This prospective observational cohort pilot study assessed levels of mRNA biomarkers in 163 individual CC samples from 15 women stimulated in antagonist cycles. Nineteen mRNA biomarker levels were measured by real-time PCR and related to the development of their corresponding individually cultured oocytes and subsequent embryos, embryo ploidy status, and live birth outcomes. RESULTS PAPPA mRNA levels were significantly higher in CC from oocytes that led to euploid embryos resulting in live births and aneuploid embryos compared to immature oocytes by ANOVA. LHCGR mRNA levels were significantly higher in CC of oocytes resulting in embryos associated with live birth compared to immature oocytes and oocytes resulting in arrested embryos by ANOVA. Using a general linearized mixed model to assess ploidy status, CC HSD3B mRNA levels in oocytes producing euploid embryos were significantly lower than other oocyte outcomes, collectively. When transferred euploid embryos outcomes were analyzed by ANOVA, AREG mRNA levels were significantly lower and PAPPA mRNA levels significantly higher in CC from oocytes that produced live births compared to transferred embryos that did not form a pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, PAPPA, LHCGR, and AREG mRNA levels in CC may be able to identify oocytes with the best odds of resulting in a live birth, and HSD3B1 mRNA levels may be able to identify oocytes capable of producing euploid embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Kordus
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Fertility Center of the Carolinas, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prisma Health - Upstate, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Akhtar Hossain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael C Corso
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Gail F Whitman-Elia
- Advanced Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology Institute, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
- Piedmont Reproductive Endocrinology Group, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Holly A LaVoie
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Jiao J, Shi B, Wang T, Fang Y, Cao T, Zhou Y, Wang X, Li D. Characterization of long non-coding RNA and messenger RNA profiles in follicular fluid from mature and immature ovarian follicles of healthy women and women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1735-1748. [PMID: 30052945 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles in follicular fluid from mature and immature ovarian follicles differ between healthy women and women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER lncRNA and mRNA profiles in follicular fluid from both mature and immature ovarian follicles differed significantly between healthy women and PCOS patients. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Unlike microRNAs, which have been extensively studied, lncRNAs present in follicular fluid have never been sequenced and the biological associations of lncRNAs in healthy follicles and follicles in women who develop PCOS remain largely unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A total of 18 subjects (8 controls and 10 PCOS patients) were recruited to participate in this study. Recruitment took place from May 2016 to September 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The follicular fluid donors underwent their first round of in-vitro fertilization treatment. Follicle size was determined based on the average follicular diameter, and follicular fluid samples were collected from mature follicles (17-22 mm) and matched-immature follicles (8-13 mm). RNA sequencing was performed on follicular fluids from mature and immature follicles of healthy women and PCOS patients. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 1583 novel lncRNAs were identified in 36 human follicular fluid samples and some were expressed differently in healthy and PCOS women. lncRNAs associated with the metabolic process were highly enriched in the follicular fluid of mature follicles from the PCOS group versus the healthy group. In the PCOS group, nervous system process lncRNAs were highly enriched in the follicular fluid of mature versus immature follicles, whereas in the healthy group, lncRNAs associated with junction adhesion and communication-related processes were highly enriched in the follicular fluid of mature versus immature follicles. In addition, differentially expressed mRNAs were principally linked to olfactory transduction pathways. Consistent results from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) indicated that telomere maintenance and MAPK and Wnt pathways may be conserved processes, active in follicular development, and monosaccharide biosynthesis might provide possible pathway markers to distinguish between normal and PCOS follicles. We constructed gene co-expression networks that identified many co-regulatory relationships among follicular fluid lncRNAs, mRNAs, and PCOS phenotypes. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) revealed lncRNAs and mRNAs that were core and others associated with the PCOS phenotype. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION It remains unclear whether these differential transcripts contribute directly to follicular development or the pathogenesis of PCOS, or are merely biomarkers. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS It will be important in the future for investigators to ascertain the biologic mechanisms underlying the development of both normal and PCOS follicles. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81671423, No. 81402130 and No. 81501247), the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (No. 151039), and Distinguished Talent Program of Shengjing Hospital (No. ME76). No competing interests declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianren Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiefeng Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiuxia Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Matiller V, Hein GJ, Stassi AF, Angeli E, Belotti EM, Ortega HH, Rey F, Salvetti NR. Expression of TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TGFBR3, ACVR1B and ACVR2B is altered in ovaries of cows with cystic ovarian disease. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:46-54. [PMID: 30120850 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the expression of transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFBR)1, TGFBR2, TGFBR3, activin receptor (ACVR)1B and ACVR2B in ovaries of cows with cystic ovarian disease (COD). The expression of the selected receptors was determined by immunohistochemistry in sections of ovaries from cows with ACTH-induced and spontaneous COD. Expression of TGFBR1 and TGFBR3 was higher in granulosa cells of cysts from cows with spontaneous COD than in tertiary follicles from the control group. Additionally, TGFBR3 expression was higher in granulosa cells of cysts from cows with ACTH-induced COD than in those from the control group and lower in theca cells of spontaneous and ACTH-induced cysts than in tertiary control follicles. There were no changes in the expression of TGFBR2. ACVR1B expression was higher in granulosa cells of tertiary follicles of cows with spontaneous COD than in the control group, whereas ACVR2B expression was higher in cysts of the spontaneous COD group than in tertiary follicles from the control group. The alterations here detected, together with the altered expression of the ligands previously reported, indicate alterations in the response of the ligands in the target cells, modifying their actions at cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Matiller
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gustavo J Hein
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Centro Universitario Gálvez, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonela F Stassi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Angeli
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M Belotti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Florencia Rey
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia R Salvetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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15
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Glister C, Regan SL, Samir M, Knight P. Gremlin, Noggin, Chordin and follistatin differentially modulate BMP induced suppression of androgen secretion by bovine ovarian theca cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 62:JME-18-0198.R1. [PMID: 30400042 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are firmly implicated as intra-ovarian regulators of follicle function and steroidogenesis but information is lacking regarding the regulation of BMP signalling by extracellular binding proteins co-expressed in the ovary. In this study we compared the abilities of four BMP binding proteins (gremlin, noggin, chordin, follistatin) to antagonize the action of four different BMPs (BMP2 BMP4, BMP6, BMP7) on LH-induced androstenedione secretion by bovine theca cells in primary culture. Expression of the four BMP binding proteins and BMPs investigated here has previously been documented in bovine follicles. All four BMPs suppressed androstenedione secretion by >85%. Co-treatment with gremlin antagonized BMP2- and, less potently, BMP4-induced suppression of androgen secretion but did not affect responses to BMP6 and BMP7. Noggin antagonized the effects of three BMPs (rank order: BMP4 > BMP2 > BMP7) but did not affect the response to BMP6. Follistatin partially reversed the suppressive effects of BMP6 on androgen secretion but did not affect BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7 action. Chordin had no effect on the response to any of the four BMPs. BMP6 treatment upregulated thecal expression of GREM1, NOG, CHRD and SMAD6 mRNA whilst inhibiting expression of the four BMPs. Taken together with previous work documenting the intra-ovarian expression of different BMPs, BMP binding proteins and signalling receptors, these observations reinforce the conclusion that extracellular binding proteins selectively modulate BMP-dependent alterations in thecal steroidogenesis. As such they likely constitute an important regulatory component of this, and other intra-ovarian actions of BMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Glister
- C Glister, Sch of Biological Sciences, Reading University, Reading, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Sheena L Regan
- S Regan, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Moafaq Samir
- M Samir, Sch of Biological Sciences, Reading University, Reading, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Pg Knight
- P Knight, Sch of Biological Sciences, Reading University, Reading, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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16
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Juengel JL, Smith PR, Quirke LD, French MC, Edwards SJ. The local regulation of folliculogenesis by members of the transforming growth factor superfamily and its relevance for advanced breeding programmes. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:180-190. [PMID: 34178140 PMCID: PMC8202455 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the growth and maturation of the ovarian follicle is critical for normal reproductive function. Alterations in this growth can lead to pathological conditions, such as cystic follicles, reduced oocyte quality, or an abnormal endocrine environment leading to poor fertility. Alterations in follicular growth also influence the number of follicles ovulating and thus can change litter size. Both endocrine factors, such as follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, as well as local factors, are known to regulate follicular growth and development. This review will focus on the role of local factors in regulation of ovarian follicular growth in ruminants, with a focus on members of the transforming growth factor superfamily. The potential role of these factors in regulating proliferation, apoptosis, steroidogenesis and responsiveness to gonadotrophins will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Juengel
- Reproduction, Animal Science, AgResearch Ltd., Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel New Zealand
| | - Peter R Smith
- Reproduction, Animal Science, AgResearch Ltd., Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel New Zealand
| | - Laurel D Quirke
- Reproduction, Animal Science, AgResearch Ltd., Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel New Zealand
| | - Michelle C French
- Reproduction, Animal Science, AgResearch Ltd., Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel New Zealand
| | - Sara J Edwards
- Reproduction, Animal Science, AgResearch Ltd., Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel New Zealand
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17
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Rajesh G, Mishra SR, Paul A, Punetha M, Vidyalakshmi GM, Narayanan K, Bag S, Bhure SK, Singh Chouhan V, Maurya VP, Singh G, Sarkar M. Transcriptional and translational abundance of Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2, 4, 6, 7 and their receptors BMPR1A, 1B and BMPR2 in buffalo ovarian follicle and the role of BMP4 and BMP7 on estrogen production and survival of cultured granulosa cells. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:371-388. [PMID: 29684814 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BMPs and their receptors modulate the granulosa cell (GC) function in the follicle of domestic animals. Since little is known on BMPs in the buffalo, the present study was aimed to investigate the expression of BMP2, 4, 6, 7 and their receptors BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2 in the GC and theca cells (TC) of ovarian follicles and the role of BMP4 and BMP7 on buffalo GC. Follicles were classified into four groups based on size and E2 level in the follicular fluid as follows: (i) Group1(4-6 mm; <0.5 ng/mL) (ii) Group 2 (7-9 mm; 0.5-5 ng/mL) (iii) Group 3 (10-13 mm; 5-40 ng/mL) and (iv) Group 4 (dominant follicle) (>13 mm; >180 ng/mL). The results revealed that except BMP6, BMP2, 4 7 and receptors BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPR2 showed a minimum of 1.5-2 fold increase in mRNA expression in the GC of dominant follicle as compared to other follicle classes. In the dominant follicle, a two-fold increase in BMP4 and BMP7 expression was observed in the TC. At 100 ng/mL, the BMP4 and BMP7 either alone or in combination maximally down-regulated CASPASE3 and stimulated the transcripts of PCNA, FSHR and CYP19A1 that was supported by E2 secretion in the granulosa cell culture suggesting their role in cell survival and E2 production. In conclusion, GC and TC of dominant follicles express BMP 2, 4, 6, 7 and their receptors BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPR2. BMP4 and BMP7 stimulate E2 production and promote GC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rajesh
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S R Mishra
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - A Paul
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - M Punetha
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - G M Vidyalakshmi
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - K Narayanan
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S Bag
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S K Bhure
- Animal Biochemistry division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V Singh Chouhan
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
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18
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Sinderewicz E, Grycmacher K, Boruszewska D, Kowalczyk-Zięba I, Staszkiewicz J, Ślężak T, Woclawek-Potocka I. Expression of factors involved in apoptosis and cell survival is correlated with enzymes synthesizing lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors in granulosa cells originating from different types of bovine ovarian follicles. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:72. [PMID: 28874163 PMCID: PMC5586021 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) regulates reproductive processes in the cow. Ovarian granulosa cells play a pivotal role in follicle growth and development. Nevertheless, the role of LPA in the local regulation of granulosa cell function in different follicle categories in the bovine ovary has not been investigated. METHODS Ovarian follicles were divided into healthy, transitional and atretic categories. The expression levels of AX, PLA2, LPARs and factors involved in apoptosis and cell survival processes in granulosa cells in different types of follicles were measured by real-time PCR. The correlations between the expression levels of AX, PLA2, LPARs and the examined factors were measured. The immunolocalization of AX, PLA2 and LPARs in different ovarian follicles was examined by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were conducted in GraphPad using a one-way ANOVA followed by the Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test or a correlation analysis followed by Pearson's test. RESULTS The expression levels of AX, PLA2 and LPARs, with the major role of LPAR2 and PLA2, were found in the granulosa cells originating from different follicle types. The expression levels of the factors involved in cell apoptosis (TNFα and its receptors, FAS, FASL, CASP3, CASP8, β-glycan, and DRAK2) were significantly higher in the granulosa cells of the atretic follicles compared to the healthy follicles. A number of correlations between LPARs, AX, PLA2 and factors associated with apoptosis were observed in the atretic but not in the healthy follicles. A greater expression of the factors involved in differentiation and proliferation in the granulosa cells (DICE1 and SOX2) was found in the healthy follicles in comparison with the atretic. A number of correlations between LPARs, AX, PLA2 and the factors associated with cell survival were observed in the healthy but not in the atretic follicles. CONCLUSIONS Granulosa cells are the target of LPA action and the source of LPA synthesis in the bovine ovarian follicle. We suggest that the participation of LPA in apoptosis in the atretic follicles mainly occurs through the regulation of TNF-α-dependent and caspase-induced pathways. In the transitional follicles, LPA might influence the inhibins to shift the balance between the number of healthy and atretic follicles. In the healthy follicle type, LPA, acting via LPAR1, might regulate MCL1 and estradiol-stimulating ERβ mRNA expression, leading to the stimulation of anti-apoptotic processes in the granulosa cells and their differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sinderewicz
- 0000 0001 1091 0698grid.433017.2Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grycmacher
- 0000 0001 1091 0698grid.433017.2Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Boruszewska
- 0000 0001 1091 0698grid.433017.2Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zięba
- 0000 0001 1091 0698grid.433017.2Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Staszkiewicz
- 0000 0001 1091 0698grid.433017.2Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ślężak
- 0000 0001 1091 0698grid.433017.2Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Izabela Woclawek-Potocka
- 0000 0001 1091 0698grid.433017.2Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
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19
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Samir M, Glister C, Mattar D, Laird M, Knight PG. Follicular expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6) and their receptors in cattle: TNFα, IL6 and macrophages suppress thecal androgen production in vitro. Reproduction 2017; 154:35-49. [PMID: 28432091 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages and other cell types are implicated as intraovarian factors affecting different aspects of ovarian function including follicle and corpus luteum 'turnover', steroidogenesis and angiogenesis. Here, we compared granulosal (GC) and thecal (TC) expression of TNF, IL6 and their receptors (TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B and IL6R) during bovine antral follicle development; all five mRNA transcripts were detected in both GC and TC and statistically significant cell-type and follicle stage-related differences were evident. Since few studies have examined cytokine actions on TC steroidogenesis, we cultured TC under conditions that retain a non-luteinized 'follicular' phenotype and treated them with TNFα and IL6 under basal and LH-stimulated conditions. Both TNFα and IL6 suppressed androgen secretion concomitantly with CYP17A1 and LHCGR mRNA expression. In addition, TNFα reduced INSL3, HSD3B1 and NOS3 expression but increased NOS2 expression. IL6 also reduced LHCGR and STAR expression but did not affect HSD3B1, INSL3, NOS2 or NOS3 expression. As macrophages are a prominent source of these cytokines in vivo, we next co-cultured TC with macrophages and observed an abolition of LH-induced androgen production accompanied by a reduction in CYP17A1, INSL3, LHCGR, STAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B1 expression. Exposure of TC to bacterial lipopolysaccharide also blocked LH-induced androgen secretion, an effect reduced by a toll-like receptor blocker (TAK242). Collectively, the results support an inhibitory action of macrophages on thecal androgen production, likely mediated by their secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that downregulate the expression of LHCGR, CYP17A1 and INSL3. Bovine theca interna cells can also detect and respond directly to lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Glister
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Dareen Mattar
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Mhairi Laird
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Phil G Knight
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
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20
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Kristensen SG, Mamsen LS, Jeppesen JV, Bøtkjær JA, Pors SE, Borgbo T, Ernst E, Macklon KT, Andersen CY. Hallmarks of Human Small Antral Follicle Development: Implications for Regulation of Ovarian Steroidogenesis and Selection of the Dominant Follicle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:376. [PMID: 29375481 PMCID: PMC5770355 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of human ovarian steroidogenesis differs from other species and precise knowledge on how human small antral follicles (hSAF) develop and acquire competence for continued growth and steroid output is still incomplete. The present study has characterized almost 1,000 normal hSAF collected in connection with cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for fertility preservation. The antral follicles (ranging from 3 to 13 mm) were generally aspirated from one ovary surgically removed during the natural cycle, and the follicular fluid (FF) and the granulosa cells (GC) were isolated and snap-frozen. In FF, the following hormones were measured: inhibin-B, inhibin-A, AMH, follistatin, PAPP-A, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and androstenedione. In GC, mRNA gene expressions using q-PCR were measured for the following genes: FSHR, AMH, CYP19, and AR. All samples in which one of the abovementioned parameters was measured were included, but typically multiple parameters were measured. Highly significant differences in concentration and follicular content in relation to follicular diameter were found for all measured hormones despite massive variability in-between follicles for any given diameter. The results demonstrate that profound changes take place in the hormonal microenvironment around follicular diameters of 8-11 mm corresponding to when follicular selection occurs. At this point, inhibin-B and inhibin-A showed distinct peaks concomitant with a significant reduction in both AMH protein and mRNA expression. Concentrations of inhibins, androgens, FSHR, and AR were intimately associated, and it is suggested that inhibin-B in combination with PAPP-A and thereby IGF2 activity exerts important paracrine signaling at follicular selection. At the same time upregulation of estradiol synthesis and CYP19 mRNA expression increased steroid output profoundly. Furthermore, the highly significant association between FSHR and AR mRNA gene expression enforces important functions of androgens in follicular development. Collectively, these data reintroduce the understanding of the follicular phase as two parted in which regulation of steroidogenesis differs. The profound changes taking place around follicular selection highlight important paracrine actions of TGF-β family members and IGFs for securing dominance of the selected follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine G. Kristensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linn S. Mamsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janni V. Jeppesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane Alrø Bøtkjær
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne E. Pors
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanni Borgbo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Ernst
- The Fertility Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirsten T. Macklon
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Claus Yding Andersen,
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Rajesh G, Paul A, Mishra SR, Bharati J, Thakur N, Mondal T, Soren S, Harikumar S, Narayanan K, Chouhan VS, Bag S, Das BC, Singh G, Maurya VP, Sharma GT, Sarkar M. Expression and functional role of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) in cyclical corpus luteum in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 240:198-213. [PMID: 27815159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of growth factors in the modulation of ovarian function is an interesting area of research in reproductive biology. Recently, we have shown the expression and role of IGF, EGF, VEGF and FGF in the follicle and CL. Here, we report the presence of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) and their functional receptors in the corpus luteum (CL) of buffalo. The bubaline CL was classified into four stages according to the morphology and progesterone (P4) concentration. The qPCR, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry studies revealed that BMP2 and BMP Receptors (BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPR2) were significantly upregulated during the mid stage whereas BMP4 and BMP7 were upregulated during the early stage of CL (P<0.05). Studies on primary luteal cell culture (LCC) using mid CL showed a significant time and concentration dependent effect of BMP4 and BMP7 (P<0.05). At 100ngml-1, the BMPs maximally stimulated the transcripts of StAR, CYP11A1 and 3βHSD that paralleled with P4 accretion in the media (P<0.05). Further, the BMP4 as well as BMP7 upregulated the transcripts of PCNA and downregulated CASPASE3 in the LCC at the same concentration (P<0.05). Though the combined effect of BMP4 and 7 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of individual one, it was not additive. In conclusion, the expression of BMPs and their receptors were dependent on the stages of CL in the buffalo. Treatment of LCC with BMPs in vitro confirmed the presence of functional receptors that stimulated the P4 production and luteal cell survival. Moreover, the results support the concept that the upregulation of P4 and its biosynthetic pathway enzymes such as CYP11A1, StAR and 3βHSD in the CL is likely due to the autocrine and /or paracrine effects of BMP4 and BMP7 under physiological milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rajesh
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Avishek Paul
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S R Mishra
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Jaya Bharati
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Nipuna Thakur
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Tanmay Mondal
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Sanjhali Soren
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S Harikumar
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - K Narayanan
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Sadhan Bag
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - B C Das
- Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkatta 700037, India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Physiology & Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
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22
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Díaz PU, Hein GJ, Belotti EM, Rodríguez FM, Rey F, Amweg AN, Matiller V, Baravalle ME, Ortega HH, Salvetti NR. BMP2, 4 and 6 and BMPR1B are altered from early stages of bovine cystic ovarian disease development. Reproduction 2016; 152:333-50. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of subfertility in dairy cattle. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), mainly BMP2, BMP4 and BMP6, play a key role in female fertility. In this study, we hypothesized that an altered BMP system is associated with ovarian alterations contributing to COD pathogenesis. Therefore, we examined the expression of BMP2, BMP4 and BMP6 and BMP receptor 1B (BMPR1B) in the ovaries of animals with spontaneous or ACTH-induced COD, as well as during the development of the disease, in a model of follicular persistence induced by low doses of progesterone (at 5, 10 and 15 days of follicular persistence). Results showed changes in BMP2, BMP4 and BMP6 expression during folliculogenesis, in granulosa and theca cells in the COD groups, as well as at different stages of follicular persistence. Results also showed changes in BMPR1B expression in developing follicles in animals with COD, and at the initial stages of follicular persistence (P5). Comparison between groups showed significant differences, mainly in BMP4 and BMP6 expression, in granulosa and theca cells of different follicular categories. The expression of these BMPs also increased in cystic and persistent follicles, in relation to antral follicles of the control group. BMPR1B showed high expression in cystic follicles. Together, these results may indicate an alteration in BMPs, especially in BMP4 and BMP6, as well as in BMPR1B, which occurs early in folliculogenesis and incipiently during the development of COD, which could be a major cause of recurrence of this disease in cattle.
Free Spanish abstract: A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/152/4/333.abstract.
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23
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Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Hypothesis of PCOS as Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Revisited. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:467-520. [PMID: 27459230 PMCID: PMC5045492 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 694] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was hypothesized to result from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) due to dysregulation of androgen secretion in 1989-1995. Subsequent studies have supported and amplified this hypothesis. When defined as otherwise unexplained hyperandrogenic oligoanovulation, two-thirds of PCOS cases have functionally typical FOH, characterized by 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin stimulation. Two-thirds of the remaining PCOS have FOH detectable by testosterone elevation after suppression of adrenal androgen production. About 3% of PCOS have a related isolated functional adrenal hyperandrogenism. The remaining PCOS cases are mild and lack evidence of steroid secretory abnormalities; most of these are obese, which we postulate to account for their atypical PCOS. Approximately half of normal women with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) have subclinical FOH-related steroidogenic defects. Theca cells from polycystic ovaries of classic PCOS patients in long-term culture have an intrinsic steroidogenic dysregulation that can account for the steroidogenic abnormalities typical of FOH. These cells overexpress most steroidogenic enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450c17. Overexpression of a protein identified by genome-wide association screening, differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic development 1A.V2, in normal theca cells has reproduced this PCOS phenotype in vitro. A metabolic syndrome of obesity-related and/or intrinsic insulin resistance occurs in about half of PCOS patients, and the compensatory hyperinsulinism has tissue-selective effects, which include aggravation of hyperandrogenism. PCOS seems to arise as a complex trait that results from the interaction of diverse genetic and environmental factors. Heritable factors include PCOM, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and insulin secretory defects. Environmental factors include prenatal androgen exposure and poor fetal growth, whereas acquired obesity is a major postnatal factor. The variety of pathways involved and lack of a common thread attests to the multifactorial nature and heterogeneity of the syndrome. Further research into the fundamental basis of the disorder will be necessary to optimally correct androgen levels, ovulation, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rosenfield
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - David A Ehrmann
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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24
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Atwood CS, Vadakkadath Meethal S. The spatiotemporal hormonal orchestration of human folliculogenesis, early embryogenesis and blastocyst implantation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:33-48. [PMID: 27045358 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The early reproductive events starting with folliculogenesis and ending with blastocyst implantation into the uterine endometrium are regulated by a complex interplay among endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors. This review examines the spatiotemporal integration of these maternal and embryonic signals that are required for successful reproduction. In coordination with hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) hormones, an intraovarian HPG-like axis regulates folliculogenesis, follicular quiescence, ovulation, follicular atresia, and corpus luteal functions. Upon conception and passage of the zygote through the fallopian tube, the contribution of maternal hormones in the form of paracrine secretions from the endosalpinx to embryonic development declines, with autocrine and paracrine signaling becoming increasingly important as instructional signals for the differentiation of the early zygote/morula into a blastocyst. These maternal and embryonic signals include activin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) that are crucial for the synthesis and secretion of the 'pregnancy' hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG in turn signals pre-implantation embryonic cell division and sex steroid production required for stem cell differentiation, and subsequent blastulation, gastrulation, cavitation and blastocyst formation. Upon reaching the uterus, blastocyst hatching occurs under the influence of decreased activin signaling, while the attachment and invasion of the trophoblast into the endometrium appears to be driven by a decrease in activin signaling, and by increased GnRH1 and hCG signaling that allows for tissue remodeling and the controlled invasion of the blastocyst into the uterine endometrium. This review demonstrates the importance of integrative endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signaling for successful human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027 WA, Australia.
| | - Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, WI 53792, USA
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25
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Tenghe AMM, Bouwman AC, Berglund B, Strandberg E, de Koning DJ, Veerkamp RF. Genome-wide association study for endocrine fertility traits using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and sequence variants in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5470-5485. [PMID: 27157577 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine fertility traits, which are defined from progesterone concentration levels in milk, are interesting indicators of dairy cow fertility because they more directly reflect the cows own reproductive physiology than classical fertility traits, which are more biased by farm management decisions. The aim of this study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 7 endocrine fertility traits in dairy cows by performing a genome-wide association study with 85k single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and then fine-map targeted QTL regions, using imputed sequence variants. Two classical fertility traits were also analyzed for QTL with 85k SNP. The association between a SNP and a phenotype was assessed by single-locus regression for each SNP, using a linear mixed model that included a random polygenic effect. A total of 2,447 Holstein Friesian cows with 5,339 lactations with both phenotypes and genotypes were used for association analysis. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 to 0.15 for endocrine fertility traits and 0.03 to 0.10 for classical fertility traits. The genome-wide association study identified 17 QTL regions for endocrine fertility traits on Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) 2, 3, 8, 12, 15, 17, 23, and 25. The highest number (5) of QTL regions from the genome-wide association study was identified for the endocrine trait "proportion of samples with luteal activity." Overlapping QTL regions were found between endocrine traits on BTA 2, 3, and 17. For the classical trait calving to first service, 3 QTL regions were identified on BTA 3, 15, and 23, and an overlapping region was identified on BTA 23 with endocrine traits. Fine-mapping target regions for the endocrine traits on BTA 2 and 3 using imputed sequence variants confirmed the QTL from the genome-wide association study, and identified several associated variants that can contribute to an index of markers for genetic improvement of fertility. Several potential candidate genes underlying endocrine fertility traits were also identified in the target regions and are discussed. However, due to high linkage disequilibrium, it was not possible to specify genes or polymorphisms as causal factors for any of the regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Tenghe
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A C Bouwman
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Berglund
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Strandberg
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D J de Koning
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R F Veerkamp
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Physiologic Course of Female Reproductive Function: A Molecular Look into the Prologue of Life. J Pregnancy 2015; 2015:715735. [PMID: 26697222 PMCID: PMC4678088 DOI: 10.1155/2015/715735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms underlying female reproduction are numerous and sophisticated, displaying complex functional evolution throughout a woman's lifetime. This vital course may be systematized in three subsequent stages: prenatal development of ovaries and germ cells up until in utero arrest of follicular growth and the ensuing interim suspension of gonadal function; onset of reproductive maturity through puberty, with reinitiation of both gonadal and adrenal activity; and adult functionality of the ovarian cycle which permits ovulation, a key event in female fertility, and dictates concurrent modifications in the endometrium and other ovarian hormone-sensitive tissues. Indeed, the ultimate goal of this physiologic progression is to achieve ovulation and offer an adequate environment for the installation of gestation, the consummation of female fertility. Strict regulation of these processes is important, as disruptions at any point in this evolution may equate a myriad of endocrine-metabolic disturbances for women and adverse consequences on offspring both during pregnancy and postpartum. This review offers a summary of pivotal aspects concerning the physiologic course of female reproductive function.
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27
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Xie SY, Wang D, Zhu H, Zhang W, Geng NQ, Feng X, Sun CX, Li M. Cloning and spatio-temporal expression of bone morphogenetic proteins-2,-4 gene during ovarian development in New Zealand white rabbit. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:1000-3. [PMID: 25256420 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) superfamily, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are one of the largest subfamily, among which BMP-2 and BMP-4 are the most powerful molecules in biological activities. They have been shown to be involved in follicle development of ovary in mammals. However, whether these factors are involved in folliculogenesis in rabbit is still unknown. This study was performed to determine the relationships between ovarian development and the expression of BMP (BMP-2,-4) mRNAs in rabbit. Ovaries were removed from different development stages of rabbits (30-, 60-, 120-, 180-day age and 6-day encyesis), and method of RT-PCR was used for the cloning. The relative transcript levels of BMP-2,-4 genes were measured by real-time quantitative PCR, with GAPDH as an internal control. Known from the results, the BMP-2,-4 genes showed similar but also different expression patterns during ovarian development; they both increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the ovary on 60-day compared with 120-day and 6-day encyesis, and the expression of BMP-2 was always higher than that of BMP-4. The expression law of BMP-2,-4 genes presented in this study may lay the theoretical foundation for the study of BMPs' biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Xie
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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28
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Lee KB, Folger JK, Rajput SK, Smith GW. Temporal regulation of mRNAs for select bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), BMP receptors and their associated SMAD proteins during bovine early embryonic development: effects of exogenous BMP2 on embryo developmental progression. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:67. [PMID: 25027287 PMCID: PMC4110370 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated embryotrophic actions of maternal (oocyte-derived) follistatin during bovine early embryogenesis. Classical actions of follistatin are attributed to inhibition of activity of growth factors including activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). However, temporal changes in BMP mRNA in early bovine embryos and the effects of exogenous BMP on embryo developmental progression are not understood. The objectives of present studies were to characterize mRNA abundance for select BMP, BMP receptors and BMP receptor associated SMADs during bovine oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis and determine effects of addition of exogenous BMP protein on early development. METHODS Relative abundance of mRNA for BMP2, BMP3, BMP7, BMP10, SMAD1, SMAD5, ALK3, ALK6, ALK2, BMPR2, ACVR2A and ACVR2B was determined by RT-qPCR analysis of germinal vesicle (GV) and in vitro matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes and in vitro produced embryos collected at pronuclear, 2-cell (C), 4C, 8C, 16C, morula and blastocyst stages. Effects of addition of recombinant human BMP2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml) during initial 72 h of embryo culture on early cleavage (within 30 h post insemination), total cleavage, development to 8C-16C and blastocyst stages and blastocyst mRNA abundance for markers of inner cell mass (NANOG) and trophectoderm (CDX2) were also determined. RESULTS Abundance of mRNA for BMP2, BMP10, SMAD1, SMAD5, ALK3, ALK2, BMPR2 and ACVR2B was elevated in MII oocytes and/or pronuclear stage embryos (relative to GV) and remained elevated through the 8C -16C stages, whereas BMP3, BMP7 and ALK2 mRNAs were transiently elevated. Culture of embryos to the 8C stage in the presence of α-amanitin resulted in increased abundance for all of above transcripts examined relative to untreated 8C embryos. Effects of addition of exogenous BMP2 on early cleavage rates and rates of development to 8C-16C and blastocyst stages were not observed, but BMP2 treatment increased blastocyst mRNA for CDX2 and NANOG. CONCLUSIONS Abundance of maternally derived mRNAs for above BMP system components are dynamically regulated during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. Exogenous BMP2 treatment does not influence progression to various developmental endpoints, but impacts characteristics of resulting blastocysts. Results support a potential role for BMPs in bovine early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Bon Lee
- Department of Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph K Folger
- Department of Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sandeep K Rajput
- Department of Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - George W Smith
- Department of Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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29
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Stangaferro ML, Matiller V, Díaz PU, Ortega HH, Rey F, Rodríguez FM, Silva MA, Salvetti NR. Role of activin, inhibin, and follistatin in the pathogenesis of bovine cystic ovarian disease. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:97-108. [PMID: 25001504 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of infertility in dairy cattle. Although many researchers have focused their work on the endocrine changes related to this disease, evidence indicates that intraovarian components play an important role in follicular persistence. Activin, inhibin, and follistatin participate as intraovarian regulatory molecules involved in follicular cell proliferation, differentiation, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and corpus luteum function. Given the importance of these factors in folliculogenesis, we examined the expression and immunolocalization of activin/inhibin βA-subunit, inhibin α-subunit, and follistatin in the ovaries of healthy estrus-synchronized cows and in those of cows with spontaneous or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced COD. We also studied inhibin B (α βB) levels in serum and follicular fluid. We found an increased expression of the βA-subunit of activin A/inhibin A, the α-subunit of inhibin, and follistatin in granulosa cells of spontaneous follicular cysts by immunohistochemistry, and decreased concentrations of inhibin B (α βB) in the follicular fluid of spontaneous follicular cysts. These results, together with those previously obtained, indicate that the expression of the components of the activin-inhibin-follistatin system is altered. This could lead to multiple alterations in important functions in the ovary like the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, follicular proliferation/apoptosis, and steroidogenesis, which may contribute to the follicular persistence and endocrine changes found in cattle with COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías L Stangaferro
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Valentina Matiller
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo U Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Rey
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda M Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel A Silva
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia R Salvetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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30
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Sontakke SD, Mohammed BT, McNeilly AS, Donadeu FX. Characterization of microRNAs differentially expressed during bovine follicle development. Reproduction 2014; 148:271-83. [PMID: 24920665 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several different miRNAs have been proposed to regulate ovarian follicle function; however, very limited information exists on the spatiotemporal patterns of miRNA expression during follicle development. The objective of this study was to identify, using microarray, miRNA profiles associated with growth and regression of dominant-size follicles in the bovine monovular ovary and to characterize their spatiotemporal distribution during development. The follicles were collected from abattoir ovaries and classified as small (4-8 mm) or large (12-17 mm); the latter were further classified as healthy or atretic based on estradiol and CYP19A1 levels. Six pools of small follicles and individual large healthy (n=6) and large atretic (n=5) follicles were analyzed using Exiqon's miRCURY LNA microRNA Array 6th gen, followed by qPCR validation. A total of 17 and 57 sequences were differentially expressed (greater than or equal to twofold; P<0.05) between large healthy and each of small and large atretic follicles respectively. Bovine miRNAs confirmed to be upregulated in large healthy follicles relative to small follicles (bta-miR-144, bta-miR-202, bta-miR-451, bta-miR-652, and bta-miR-873) were further characterized. Three of these miRNAs (bta-miR-144, bta-miR-202, and bta-miR-873) were also downregulated in large atretic follicles relative to large healthy follicles. Within the follicle, these miRNAs were predominantly expressed in mural granulosa cells. Further, body-wide screening revealed that bta-miR-202, but not other miRNAs, was expressed exclusively in the gonads. Finally, a total of 1359 predicted targets of the five miRNAs enriched in large healthy follicles were identified, which mapped to signaling pathways involved in follicular cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, prevention of premature luteinization, and oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanand D Sontakke
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UKThe Queen's Medical Research InstituteMRC Centre for Reproductive Health, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Bushra T Mohammed
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UKThe Queen's Medical Research InstituteMRC Centre for Reproductive Health, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alan S McNeilly
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UKThe Queen's Medical Research InstituteMRC Centre for Reproductive Health, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UKThe Queen's Medical Research InstituteMRC Centre for Reproductive Health, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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da Silveira JC, Carnevale EM, Winger QA, Bouma GJ. Regulation of ACVR1 and ID2 by cell-secreted exosomes during follicle maturation in the mare. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:44. [PMID: 24884710 PMCID: PMC4045866 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian follicle growth and maturation requires extensive communication between follicular somatic cells and oocytes. Recently, intercellular cell communication was described involving cell-secreted vesicles called exosomes (50-150 nm), which contain miRNAs and protein, and have been identified in ovarian follicular fluid. The goal of this study was to identify a possible role of exosomes in follicle maturation. METHODS Follicle contents were collected from mares at mid-estrous (~35 mm, before induction of follicular maturation) and pre-ovulatory follicles (30-34 h after induction of follicular maturation). A real time PCR screen was conducted to reveal significant differences in the presence of exosomal miRNAs isolated from mid-estrous and pre-ovulatory follicles, and according to bioinformatics analysis these exosomal miRNAs are predicted to target members belonging to the TGFB superfamily, including ACVR1 and ID2. Granulosa cells from pre-ovulatory follicles were cultured and treated with exosomes isolated from follicular fluid. Changes in mRNA and protein were measured by real time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS ACVR1 mRNA and protein was detected in granulosa cells at mid-estrous and pre-ovulatory stages, and real time PCR analysis revealed significantly lower levels of ID2 (an ACVR1 target gene) in granulosa cells from pre-ovulatory follicles. Exposure to exosomes from follicular fluid of mid-estrous follicles decreased ID2 levels in granulosa cells. Moreover, exosomes isolated from mid-estrous and pre-ovulatory follicles contain ACVR1 and miR-27b, miR-372, and miR-382 (predicted regulators of ACVR1 and ID2) were capable of altering ID2 levels in pre-ovulatory granulosa cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that exosomes isolated from follicular fluid can regulate members of the TGFB/BMP signaling pathway in granulosa cells, and possibly play a role in regulating follicle maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano C da Silveira
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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32
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Visser JA, Themmen APN. Role of anti-Müllerian hormone and bone morphogenetic proteins in the regulation of FSH sensitivity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:460-465. [PMID: 23994017 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ovary is under control of the hypothalamus and pituitary through the glycoprotein hormones LH and FSH. These hormones undergo a cyclic variation which results in the selection of the species-specific number of follicles that will ovulate during the cycle. Where LH is the main ovulatory hormone and regulator of corpus luteum function, FSH plays an essential role in the cyclic recruitment of the follicles. Within the microenvironment of the ovary, growth factors affect this dominant control of FSH by regulating the FSH sensitivity of individual follicles. In this review we discuss the role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Visser
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel P N Themmen
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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33
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Expression of receptors for BMP15 is differentially regulated in dominant and subordinate follicles during follicle deviation in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 144:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Kristensen SG, Andersen K, Clement CA, Franks S, Hardy K, Andersen CY. Expression of TGF-beta superfamily growth factors, their receptors, the associated SMADs and antagonists in five isolated size-matched populations of pre-antral follicles from normal human ovaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:293-308. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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35
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Nivet AL, Vigneault C, Blondin P, Sirard MA. Changes in granulosa cells' gene expression associated with increased oocyte competence in bovine. Reproduction 2013; 145:555-65. [PMID: 23564726 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges in mammalian reproduction is to understand the basic physiology of oocyte quality. It is believed that the follicle status is linked to developmental competence of the enclosed oocyte. To explore the link between follicles and competence in cows, previous research at our laboratory has developed an ovarian stimulation protocol that increases and then decreases oocyte quality according to the timing of oocyte recovery post-FSH withdrawal (coasting). Using this protocol, we have obtained the granulosa cells associated with oocytes of different qualities at selected times of coasting. Transcriptome analysis was done with Embryogene microarray slides and validation was performed by real-time PCR. Results show that the major changes in gene expression occurred from 20 to 44 h of coasting, when oocyte quality increases. Secondly, among upregulated genes (20-44 h), 25% were extracellular molecules, highlighting potential granulosa signaling cascades. Principal component analysis identified two patterns: one resembling the competence profile and another associated with follicle growth and atresia. Additionally, three major functional changes were identified: (i) the end of follicle growth (BMPR1B, IGF2, and RELN), involving interactions with the extracellular matrix (TFPI2); angiogenesis (NRP1), including early hypoxia, and potentially oxidative stress (GFPT2, TF, and VNN1) and (ii) apoptosis (KCNJ8) followed by iii) inflammation (ANKRD1). This unique window of analysis indicates a progressive hypoxia during coasting mixed with an increase in apoptosis and inflammation. Potential signaling pathways leading to competence have been identified and will require downstream testing. This preliminary analysis supports the potential role of the follicular differentiation in oocyte quality both during competence increase and decrease phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Nivet
- Département des sciences animales, Pavillon INAF, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
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36
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Satchell L, Glister C, Bleach EC, Glencross RG, Bicknell AB, Dai Y, Anand-Ivell R, Ivell R, Knight PG. Ovarian expression of insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) and its receptor (RXFP2) during development of bovine antral follicles and corpora lutea and measurement of circulating INSL3 levels during synchronized estrous cycles. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1897-906. [PMID: 23546605 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), a major product of testicular Leydig cells, is also expressed by the ovary, but its functional role remains poorly understood. Here, we quantified expression of INSL3 and its receptor RXFP2 in theca interna cell (TIC) and granulosa cell compartments of developing bovine antral follicles and in corpora lutea (CL). INSL3 and RXFP2 mRNA levels were much higher in TIC than granulosa cell and increased progressively during follicle maturation with INSL3 peaking in large (11-18 mm) estrogen-active follicles and RXFP2 peaking in 9- to 10-mm follicles before declining in larger (11-18 mm) follicles. Expression of both INSL3 and RXFP2 in CL was much lower than in TIC. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry confirmed abundant expression of INSL3 mRNA and protein in TIC. These observations indicate follicular TIC rather than CL as the primary site of both INSL3 production and action, implying a predominantly autocrine/paracrine role in TIC. To corroborate the above findings, we showed that in vitro exposure of TIC to a luteinizing concentration of LH greatly attenuated expression of both INSL3 and its receptor while increasing progesterone secretion and expression of STAR and CYP11A1. Moreover, in vivo, a significant cyclic variation in plasma INSL3 was observed during synchronized estrous cycles. INSL3 and estradiol-17β followed a similar pattern, both increasing after luteolysis, before falling sharply after the LH surge. Thus, theca-derived INSL3, likely from the dominant preovulatory follicle, is detectable in peripheral blood of cattle, and expression is down-regulated during luteinization induced by the preovulatory LH surge. Collectively, these findings underscore the likely role of INSL3 as an important intrafollicular modulator of TIC function/steroidogenesis, while raising doubts about its potential contribution to CL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Satchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, United Kingdom
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37
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Selvaraju S, Folger JK, Gupta PSP, Ireland JJ, Smith GW. Stage-specific expression and effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on bovine granulosa cell estradiol production: regulation by cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 44:115-20. [PMID: 23313114 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family regulate follicular development and granulosa cell function. However, changes in expression of BMP2 and its receptors during follicular waves in cattle and ability of BMP2 to modulate bovine granulosa cell estradiol production are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine temporal regulation of mRNA for BMP2 and its type I and II receptors (BMPR1A and BMPR2) in bovine follicles collected at specific stages of a follicular wave (predeviation, early dominance, mid dominance, preovulatory), ability of BMP2 to modulate bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis, and whether effects of BMP2 on granulosa cell estradiol production are influenced by cotreatment with cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), an intrafollicular regulatory peptide shown to inhibit estradiol production in response to other trophic hormones (FSH and IGF1). Relative abundance of mRNAs for Bmp2 and Bmpr2 was elevated at the mid dominance stage relative to earlier stages of the follicular wave and further increased at the preovulatory stage. Abundance of mRNA for Bmpr1a was lowest at early dominance stage and highest at preovulatory stage relative to other stages of the follicular wave examined. Treatment of bovine granulosa cells in vitro with BMP2 increased estradiol but decreased progesterone concentrations. Co-incubation with CART reduced the BMP2-stimulated increase in granulosa cell estradiol production. Results suggest that BMP2 may play a regulatory role in development of bovine follicles to the preovulatory stage and that CART can inhibit granulosa cell estradiol production in response to multiple hormones/growth factors, including BMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Selvaraju
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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38
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Functional link between bone morphogenetic proteins and insulin-like peptide 3 signaling in modulating ovarian androgen production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E1426-35. [PMID: 23530236 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222216110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are firmly implicated as intra-ovarian regulators of follicle development and steroidogenesis. Here we report a microarray analysis showing that treatment of cultured bovine theca cells (TC) with BMP6 significantly (>twofold; P < 0.01) up- or down-regulated expression of 445 genes. Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) was the most heavily down-regulated gene (-43-fold) with cytochrome P450, subfamily XVII (CYP17A1) and other key steroidogenic transcripts including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 family 11, subfamily A1 (CYP11A1) and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD3B1) also down-regulated. BMP6 also reduced expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 5A1 (NR5A1) known to target the promoter regions of the aforementioned genes. Real-time PCR confirmed these findings and also revealed a marked reduction in expression of INSL3 receptor, relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2). Secretion of INSL3 protein and androstenedione were also suppressed suggesting a functional link between BMP and INSL3 pathways in controlling androgen synthesis. RNAi-mediated knockdown of INSL3 reduced INSL3 mRNA (75%) and protein (94%) level and elicited a 77% reduction in CYP17A1 mRNA and 83% reduction in androstenedione secretion. Knockdown of RXFP2 also reduced CYP17A1 expression (81%) and androstenedione secretion (88%). Conversely, treatment with exogenous (human) INSL3 increased androstenedione secretion ∼twofold. The CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone abolished androgen secretion and reduced expression of both INSL3 and RXFP2. Collectively, these findings indicate a positive autoregulatory role for INSL3 signaling in maintaining thecal androgen production, and visa versa. Moreover, BMP6-induced suppression of thecal androgen synthesis may be mediated, at least in part, by reduced INSL3-RXFP2 signaling.
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39
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Glister C, Satchell L, Michael AE, Bicknell AB, Knight PG. The anti-epileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) inhibits steroidogenesis in bovine theca and granulosa cells in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49553. [PMID: 23152920 PMCID: PMC3495868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is used widely to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Women undergoing VPA treatment reportedly have an increased incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-like symptoms including hyperandrogenism and oligo- or amenorrhoea. To investigate potential direct effects of VPA on ovarian steroidogenesis we used primary bovine theca (TC) and granulosa (GC) cells maintained under conditions that preserve their ‘follicular’ phenotype. Effects of VPA (7.8–500 µg/ml) on TC were tested with/without LH. Effects of VPA on GC were tested with/without FSH or IGF analogue. VPA reduced (P<0.0001) both basal (70% suppression; IC50 67±10 µg/ml) and LH-induced (93% suppression; IC50 58±10 µg/ml) androstenedione secretion by TC. VPA reduced CYP17A1 mRNA abundance (>99% decrease; P<0.0001) with lesser effects on LHR, STAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B1 mRNA (<90% decrease; P<0.05). VPA only reduced TC progesterone secretion induced by the highest (luteinizing) LH dose tested; TC number was unaffected by VPA. At higher concentrations (125–500 µg/ml) VPA inhibited basal, FSH- and IGF-stimulated estradiol secretion (P<0.0001) by GC without affecting progesterone secretion or cell number. VPA reversed FSH-induced upregulation of CYP19A1 and HSD17B1 mRNA abundance (P<0.001). The potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors trichostatin A and scriptaid also suppressed TC androstenedione secretion and granulosal cell oestrogen secretion suggesting that the action of VPA reflects its HDAC inhibitory properties. In conclusion, these findings refute the hypothesis that VPA has a direct stimulatory action on TC androgen output. On the contrary, VPA inhibits both LH-dependent androgen production and FSH/IGF-dependent estradiol production in this in vitro bovine model, likely by inhibition of HDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Glister
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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40
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Billack B, Serio R, Silva I, Kinsley CH. Epigenetic changes brought about by perinatal stressors: A brief review of the literature. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2012; 66:221-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.08.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Bilandzic M, Stenvers KL. Reprint of: Betaglycan: a multifunctional accessory. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 359:13-22. [PMID: 22521265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Betaglycan is a co-receptor for the TGFβ superfamily, particularly important in establishing the potency of its ligands on their target cells. In recent years, new insights have been gained into the structure and function of betaglycan, expanding its role from that of a simple co-receptor to include additional ligand-dependent and ligand-independent roles. This review focuses on recent advances in the betaglycan field, with a particular emphasis on its newly discovered actions in mediating the trafficking of TGFβ superfamily receptors and as a determinant of the functional output of TGFβ superfamily signalling. In addition, this review encompasses a discussion of the emerging roles of the betaglycan/inhibin pathway in reproductive cancers and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Bilandzic
- Prince Henry's Institute, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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42
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Knight PG, Satchell L, Glister C. Intra-ovarian roles of activins and inhibins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 359:53-65. [PMID: 21664422 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Granulosa cells are the main ovarian source of inhibins, activins and activin-binding protein (follistatin) while germ (oogonia, oocytes) and somatic (theca, granulosa, luteal) cells express activin receptors, signaling components and inhibin co-receptor (betaglycan). Activins are implicated in various intra-ovarian roles including germ cell survival and primordial follicle assembly; follicle growth from preantral to mid-antral stages; suppression of thecal androgen production; promotion of granulosa cell proliferation, FSHR and CYP19A1 expression; enhancement of oocyte developmental competence; retardation of follicle luteinization and/or atresia and involvement in luteolysis. Inhibins (primarily inhibin A) are produced in greatest amounts by preovulatory follicles (and corpus luteum in primates) and suppress FSH secretion through endocrine negative feedback. Together with follistatin, inhibins act locally to oppose auto-/paracrine activin (and BMP) signaling thus modulating many of the above processes. The balance between activin-inhibin shifts during follicle development with activin signalling prevailing at earlier stages but declining as inhibin and betaglycan expression rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil G Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK.
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43
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Young JM, Henderson S, Souza C, Ludlow H, Groome N, McNeilly AS. Activin B is produced early in antral follicular development and suppresses thecal androgen production. Reproduction 2012; 143:637-50. [PMID: 22450673 PMCID: PMC3342735 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of activin B during folliculogenesis. This study investigated the expression levels of activin/inhibin subunits (βA, βB, and α), steroid enzyme, and gonadotrophin receptors in theca (TC) and granulosa cells (GC) by QPCR and activin A and B and inhibin A protein levels in follicular fluid (FF) of developing sheep follicles during estrus and anestrus. The effect of activin B on androgen production from primary TC cultures in vitro was also assessed. During folliculogenesis, in anestrus and estrus, FF activin B concentrations and thecal and GC activin βB mRNA levels decreased as follicle diameter increased from 1–3 to >6 mm regardless of estrogenic status. Estrogenic preovulatory follicles had reduced concentrations of FF activins B and A, and TC and GCs expressed higher levels of activin βA mRNA at 3–4 mm, and TCs more inhibin α mRNA at >4 mm stages of development compared with nonestrogenic follicles. Activin B decreased androstenedione production from primary TCs in vitro, an effect blocked by inhibin A. Thus, sheep follicles 1–3 mm in diameter contained high FF levels of activin B, which decreased as the follicle size increased, and, like activin A, suppressed thecal androgen production in vitro, an effect blocked by inhibin. Furthermore, the theca of large estrogenic follicles expressed high levels of inhibin α and activin βA mRNA suggesting local thecal derived inhibin A production. This would inhibit the negative effects of thecal activins B and A ensuring maximum androgen production for enhanced estradiol production by the preovulatory follicle(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Young
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Young JM, McNeilly AS. Inhibin removes the inhibitory effects of activin on steroid enzyme expression and androgen production by normal ovarian thecal cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 48:49-60. [PMID: 22082494 PMCID: PMC3266103 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Activin and inhibin are important local modulators of theca cell steroidogenesis in the ovary. Using a serum-free primary theca cell culture system, this study investigated the effects of inhibin on theca cell androgen production and expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Androstenedione secretion from theca cells cultured in media containing activin, inhibin and follistatin was assessed by RIA over 144 h. Activin (1-100 ng/ml) suppressed androstenedione production. Inhibin (1-100 ng/ml) blocked the suppressive effects of added activin, but increased androstenedione production when added alone, suggesting it was blocking endogenous activin produced by theca cells. Addition of SB-431542 (activin receptor inhibitor) and follistatin (500 ng/ml) increased androstenedione production, supporting this concept. Infection of theca cells with adenoviruses expressing inhibitory Smad6 or 7 increased androstenedione secretion, confirming that the suppressive effects of activin required activation of the Smad2/3 pathway. Activin decreased the expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), whereas STAR expression was increased by inhibin and SB-431542, alone and in combination. CYP11A was unaffected. The expression of CYP17 encoding 17α-hydroxylase was unaffected by activin but increased by inhibin and SB-431542, and when added in combination the effect was further enhanced. The expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) was significantly decreased by activin, while inhibin alone and in combination with SB-431542 both potently increased the expression of 3β-HSD. In conclusion, activin suppressed theca cell androstenedione production by decreasing the expression of STAR and 3β-HSD. Inhibin and other blockers of activin action reversed this effect, supporting the concept that endogenous thecal activin modulates androgen production in theca cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Young
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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45
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Glycomic analyses of ovarian follicles during development and atresia. Matrix Biol 2011; 31:45-56. [PMID: 22057033 PMCID: PMC3657699 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To examine the detailed composition of glycosaminoglycans during bovine ovarian follicular development and atresia, the specialized stromal theca layers were separated from the stratified epithelial granulosa cells of healthy (n = 6) and atretic (n = 6) follicles in each of three size ranges: small (3–5 mm), medium (6-9 mm) and large (10 mm or more) (n = 29 animals). Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis analyses (on a per cell basis) and immunohistochemistry (n = 14) were undertaken. We identified the major disaccharides in thecal layers and the membrana granulosa as chondroitin sulfate-derived ∆uronic acid with 4-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine and ∆uronic acid with 6-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine and the heparan sulfate-derived Δuronic acid with N-acetlyglucosamine, with elevated levels in the thecal layers. Increasing follicle size and atresia was associated with increased levels of some disaccharides. We concluded that versican contains 4-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine and it is the predominant 4-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine proteoglycan in antral follicles. At least one other non- or 6-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine proteoglycan(s), which is not decorin or an inter-α-trypsin inhibitor family member, is present in bovine antral follicles and associated with hitherto unknown groups of cells around some larger blood vessels. These areas stained positively for chondroitin/dermatan sulfate epitopes [antibodies 7D4, 3C5, and 4C3], similar to stem cell niches observed in other tissues. The sulfation pattern of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans appears uniform across follicles of different sizes and in healthy and atretic follicles. The heparan sulfate products detected in the follicles are likely to be associated with perlecan, collagen XVIII or betaglycan.
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Levels of BMP-6 mRNA in goat ovarian follicles and in vitro effects of BMP-6 on secondary follicle development. ZYGOTE 2011; 21:270-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199411000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SummaryExpression of BMP-6 mRNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the BMP-6 protein was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in the primordial, primary, secondary, small and large antral follicles of goat. Furthermore, the influence of BMP-6 on increase in diameter, antrum formation and expression of BMP-6 and FSH-R in in vitro cultured secondary follicles was studied. Therefore, goat primordial, primary and secondary follicles, as well as small and large antral follicles were obtained and the mRNA levels of BMP-6 were quantified by PCR in real time. Expression of BMP-6 protein in goat follicles was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The influence of BMP-6 in the presence or absence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on both the development of secondary follicles and the expression of mRNA for BMP-6 and FSH-R was evaluated after 6 days of culture. Furthermore, the follicular diameter and the formation of the antrum were evaluated before and after 6 days of culture and compared by Kruskal–Wallis and chi-squared tests (P < 0.05), respectively. The results show that the level of mRNA for BMP-6 in primary and secondary follicles was significantly higher than in the primordial follicles (P < 0.05). Similar levels of BMP-6 mRNA were observed in cumulus–oocyte complexes and mural granulosa/theca cells from small and large antral follicles, respectively. BMP-6 protein was expressed in oocytes of all categories of follicles and in granulosa cells from secondary follicles onwards. Addition of BMP-6 to the culture medium increased the diameter of secondary follicles mainly by antrum formation after 6 days’ culture, in the presence or absence of FSH (P < 0.05). Furthermore, addition of FSH resulted in increased levels of BMP-6 mRNA in these follicles (P < 0.05). Simultaneous administration of FSH and BMP-6 enhanced the levels of FSH receptor (FSH-R) mRNA (P < 0.05). It is concluded that BMP-6 mRNA is increased during transition from primordial to primary/secondary follicles in the goat ovaries and that BMP-6 enhances the growth of cultured secondary follicles.
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Glister C, Satchell L, Knight PG. Granulosal and thecal expression of bone morphogenetic protein- and activin-binding protein mRNA transcripts during bovine follicle development and factors modulating their expression in vitro. Reproduction 2011; 142:581-91. [PMID: 21821720 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports local roles for transforming growth factor β superfamily members including activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) in follicle development. Access of these ligands to signalling receptors is likely modulated by extracellular binding proteins (BP). In this study, we compared ex vivo expression of four BPs (chordin, gremlin, noggin and follistatin) in granulosal (GC) and theca interna (TC) compartments of developing bovine antral follicles (1-18 mm). Effects of FSH and IGF on BMP and BP expression by cultured GC, and effects of LH and BMPs on BP expression by cultured TC were also examined. Follicular expression of all four BP transcripts was higher in GC than TC compartments (P < 0.001) a finding confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Follicle category affected (P < 0.01) gremlin and follistatin mRNA abundance, with a significant cell-type × follicle category interaction for chordin, follistatin and noggin. Noggin transcript abundance was lower (P < 0.05) in GC of large 'E-active' than 'E-inactive' follicles while follistatin mRNA level was higher (P < 0.01). FSH enhanced CYP19, FSHR, INHBA and follistatin by GC without affecting BMP or BMP-BP expression. IGF increased CYP19 and follistatin, reduced BMP4, noggin and gremlin but did not affect chordin or FSHR mRNA levels. LH increased TC androgen secretion but had no effect on BMP or BP expression. BMPs uniformly suppressed TC androgen production whilst increasing chordin, noggin and gremlin mRNA levels up to 20-fold (P < 0.01). These findings support the hypothesis that extracellular BP, mostly from GC, contribute to the regulation of intrafollicular BMP/activin signalling. Enhancement of thecal BP expression by BMP implies an autoregulatory feedback role to prevent excessive signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Glister
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Hopkins Building, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
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Bilandzic M, Stenvers KL. Betaglycan: a multifunctional accessory. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 339:180-9. [PMID: 21550381 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Betaglycan is a co-receptor for the TGFβ superfamily, particularly important in establishing the potency of its ligands on their target cells. In recent years, new insights have been gained into the structure and function of betaglycan, expanding its role from that of a simple co-receptor to include additional ligand-dependent and ligand-independent roles. This review focuses on recent advances in the betaglycan field, with a particular emphasis on its newly discovered actions in mediating the trafficking of TGFβ superfamily receptors and as a determinant of the functional output of TGFβ superfamily signalling. In addition, this review encompasses a discussion of the emerging roles of the betaglycan/inhibin pathway in reproductive cancers and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Bilandzic
- Prince Henry's Institute, P.O. Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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