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Abdelbaky HH, Shimoda N, Akthar I, Nakamura S, Hasan MH, Ushio N, Miyamoto A, Nishikawa Y. In vitro regulation of gene expression of pregnancy-associated proteins and cytokines in bovine endometrial epithelial cells and bovine trophoblastic cells by infection with Neospora caninum. Parasitol Int 2024; 101:102898. [PMID: 38648880 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Abortion caused by the parasite Neospora caninum is an important threat to the livestock industry worldwide. Trophoblasts and caruncular cells play major roles in initiating innate immune responses and controlling parasite infection at the fetal-maternal interface. In the present study, bovine uterine epithelial cells (BUECs) and bovine trophoblastic (BT) cells treated with bovine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IFN-alpha (IFN-α) and IFN-tau (IFN-τ) followed by infection with N. caninum were examined by measuring the mRNA expression levels of numerous pregnancy-associated proteins and observing parasite growth to elucidate the host-parasite interaction at the uteroplacental region. N. caninum infection increased the expression of prolactin-related protein 1 (PRP1), pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (PAG1), and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10) in BUECs and of IL-8 in BT cells. Bovine IFN-γ inhibited IL-8 and TNF-α expression in BUECs and IL-8 in BT cells. In contrast, the expression of the interferon-stimulated gene OAS1 was significantly increased by treatment of the infected BT cells with IFN-γ. However, treatment with bovine IFNs did not inhibit N. caninum growth in either cell line. In conclusion, our results suggest that bovine IFN-γ plays a crucial role in control of pathogenesis in uterus and induction of inflammatory response in the placental region following N. caninum infection, rather than growth inhibition of the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abdelbaky
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naomi Shimoda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ihshan Akthar
- Global AgroMedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Shu Nakamura
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Md Hasibul Hasan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Nanako Ushio
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global AgroMedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Koizumi Y, Hayashi KG, Sakumoto R. Possible roles of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in regulating endometrial function in cows. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13866. [PMID: 37632404 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression dynamics of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and its receptors (BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and BMPR2) in bovine endometrium and examined the physiological function and regulatory mechanism of BMP4 expression. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of BMP4 and its receptors was detected in bovine endometrium of both ipsilateral (corpus luteum [CL]-side) and contralateral (non-CL-side) uterine horns during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. BMP4 protein levels were higher in the endometrial tissues obtained from those cows in early pregnancy than in the estrous cycle. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that BMP4 and its receptors were localized in endometrial epithelial cells. The addition of BMP4 to cultured endometrial epithelial cells did not affect caspase-3/-8 mRNA expression, whereas it significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Both prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2α concentrations in the culture supernatant were decreased when stimulated by BMP4. Furthermore, BMP4 mRNA expression was increased by stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and interferon-γ (IFNG). In conclusion, BMP4 is produced in bovine endometrial epithelial cells and may contribute to the regulation of cell proliferation and suppression of PG secretion through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. BMP4 expression in the bovine endometrium may be regulated by TNF and IFNG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Koizumi
- Division of Advanced Feeding Technology Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
- Animal Functional Biology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken-Go Hayashi
- Division of Advanced Feeding Technology Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakumoto
- Division of Advanced Feeding Technology Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
- Animal Functional Biology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Roberts RM, Ezashi T, Temple J, Owen JR, Soncin F, Parast MM. The role of BMP4 signaling in trophoblast emergence from pluripotency. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:447. [PMID: 35877048 PMCID: PMC10243463 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway has established roles in early embryonic morphogenesis, particularly in the epiblast. More recently, however, it has also been implicated in development of extraembryonic lineages, including trophectoderm (TE), in both mouse and human. In this review, we will provide an overview of this signaling pathway, with a focus on BMP4, and its role in emergence and development of TE in both early mouse and human embryogenesis. Subsequently, we will build on these in vivo data and discuss the utility of BMP4-based protocols for in vitro conversion of primed vs. naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSC) into trophoblast, and specifically into trophoblast stem cells (TSC). PSC-derived TSC could provide an abundant, reproducible, and ethically acceptable source of cells for modeling placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | - Jasmine Temple
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Owen
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Soncin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Saito C, Ido-Matsumoto H, Kumazaki H, Kubo T, Kanazawa T, Takahashi T. Development of enzyme immunoassay for chromogranin A (CgA) and profiling of plasma CgA concentrations in the cow. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13542. [PMID: 33723871 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to establish and characterize a homologous immunoassay for bovine chromogranin A (bCgA) and to profile plasma bCgA concentrations during early pregnancies. We synthesized oligopeptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 341-355 of bCgA for immunizing rabbits and peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 336-365 of bCgA for both a biotinylated tracer and reference standards. Recombinant bCgA protein was also generated in Escherichia coli lysate. Dose-dependent displacement curves were obtained from 1 to 1,000 nM of the reference standards. The displacement curves showed a good relationship between the reference standards of the synthetic peptide and the serially diluted plasma sample or recombinant bCgA protein generated in the present study. The assay sensitivity defined as the value of two standard deviations below the zero standard was calculated as 0.46 nM. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 6.48% and 13.4%, respectively. Changes in the plasma bCgA concentrations in early pregnancies undulated in nonpregnant animals. The results of the present study suggest that assaying plasma bCgA concentrations could be utilized as measures to evaluate the physiological status of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Saito
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Haruka Ido-Matsumoto
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kumazaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kubo
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kanazawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
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Pastor-Fernández I, Collantes-Fernández E, Jiménez-Pelayo L, Ortega-Mora LM, Horcajo P. Modeling the Ruminant Placenta-Pathogen Interactions in Apicomplexan Parasites: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:634458. [PMID: 33553293 PMCID: PMC7859336 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.634458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are one of the main concerns of the livestock sector as they cause important economic losses in ruminants due to the reproductive failure. It is well-known that the interaction of these parasites with the placenta determines the course of infection, leading to fetal death or parasite transmission to the offspring. However, to advance the development of effective vaccines and treatments, there are still important gaps on knowledge on the placental host-parasite interactions that need to be addressed. Ruminant animal models are still an indispensable tool for providing a global view of the pathogenesis, lesions, and immune responses, but their utilization embraces important economic and ethics restrictions. Alternative in vitro systems based on caruncular and trophoblast cells, the key cellular components of placentomes, have emerged in the last years, but their use can only offer a partial view of the processes triggered after infection as they cannot mimic the complex placental architecture and neglect the activity of resident immune cells. These drawbacks could be solved using placental explants, broadly employed in human medicine, and able to preserve its cellular architecture and function. Despite the availability of such materials is constrained by their short shelf-life, the development of adequate cryopreservation protocols could expand their use for research purposes. Herein, we review and discuss existing (and potential) in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo ruminant placental models that have proven useful to unravel the pathogenic mechanisms and the host immune responses responsible for fetal death (or protection) caused by neosporosis and toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Horcajo
- Animal Health and Zoonoses (SALUVET) Group, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Isaac E, Pfeffer PL. Growing cattle embryos beyond Day 8 - An investigation of media components. Theriogenology 2020; 161:273-284. [PMID: 33360161 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth of viable cattle embryos in culture to stages beyond the hatching blastocyst is of interest to developmental biologists wishing to understand developmental events beyond the first lineage decision, as well as for commercial applications, because a lengthening of the culturing time allows more time for diagnostic tests on biopsies, whereas extended survival can be used as a better assay system for monitoring developmental potential. We here report on a novel extended culture medium for embryo growth until embryonic day (Day) 12. We used a non-invasive morphological characterisation system that scored viability, inner cell mass (ICM) grade, hatching and embryo and ICM diameter. The basal medium was based on published uterine fluid concentrations of amino acids, carbohydrates and electrolytes. Addition of fetal bovine serum was necessary and the additive ITSX greatly improved culture success. We tested the inclusion of a seven-growth factor cocktail consisting of Activin A, Artemin, BMP4, EGF, FGF4, GM-CSF/CSF2 and LIF, as well as omission of individual components of the cocktail. In the context of the growth factor cocktail, Artemin and BMP4 provided the greatest benefit, while FGF omission had more positive than negative effects on embryo characteristics. Lastly, replacement of ITSX by B27-additive led to the most successful culture of embryos, in all media permutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Isaac
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Biological Sciences, Kelburn Campus, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Peter L Pfeffer
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Biological Sciences, Kelburn Campus, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
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Awad M, Kizaki K, Ishiguro-Oonuma T, Takahashi T, Hashizume K. Secreted protein of Ly6 domain 1 enhanced bovine trophoblastic cell migration activity. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:827-831. [PMID: 33140328 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Awad
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Toshina Ishiguro-Oonuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hashizume
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
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8
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Hosoe M, Furusawa T, Hayashi KG, Takahashi T, Hashiyada Y, Kizaki K, Hashizume K, Tokunaga T, Matsuyama S, Sakumoto R. Characterisation of bovine embryos following prolonged culture in embryonic stem cell medium containing leukaemia inhibitory factor. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1157-1165. [PMID: 31030728 DOI: 10.1071/rd18343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to help elucidate the process of epiblast and trophoblast cell differentiation in bovine embryos invitro, we attempted to develop a suitable culture medium to allow extended embryo culture. Day 7 bovine blastocysts developed in conventional medium were cultured further in embryonic stem cell medium with or without leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) until Day 23. At Day 14, the expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4) and VIMENTIN was significantly higher in embryos cultured with than without LIF, but embryonic disc formation was not observed. Although expression of SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17 (SOX17) mRNA was significantly lower in Day 14 embryos cultured with and without LIF than in invivo embryos, hypoblast cells formed just inside the trophoblast cells of the invitro-cultured embryos. On Day 23, expression of placental lactogen (PL) and prolactin-related protein 1 (PRP1) was not affected by LIF in invitro-cultured embryos, levels of both genes were significantly lower in the invitro than invivo embryos. Similar to invivo embryos, binucleate cell clusters seen in Day 23invitro-cultured embryos were composed of PL-negative and -positive cells. These results suggest that our culture system partially reproduced the differentiation process of trophoblast cells invivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Hosoe
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan; and Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan; and Corresponding author.
| | - Tadashi Furusawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Ken-Go Hayashi
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hashiyada
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan; and Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nono, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hashizume
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tokunaga
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Reasarch Organization, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan; and Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakumoto
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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Kumar S, Lakshmi Devi H, Singh Jalmeria N, Punetha M, Pandey Y, Samad HA, Singh G, Sarkar M, Chouhan VS. Expression and functional role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in placenta during different stages of pregnancy in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 285:113249. [PMID: 31445010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to document the expression and functional role of BMPs in the placental (caruncle; CAR, cotyledon; COT) during different stages of pregnancy in water buffalo. Samples collected from Early pregnancy 1 (EP1); Early pregnancy 2 (EP2), Mid pregnancy (MP), Late pregnancy (LP) while the third stage of oestrus cycle (NP) was taken as control. Also, the synergistic role of BMP4/BMP7 or combination on mRNA expression of vWF, PCNA, StAR, CYP11A1, 3βHSD, and BAX were studied in trophoblast cells cultured (TCC) during an early stage. The qPCR and immunoblotting studies revealed that BMP2, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and BMPR2 mRNA level was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated during early pregnancy in COTs while in CARs it was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) during all the stages of pregnancy.BMP4 mRNA level was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) during early pregnancy in COTs as well as in CARs. BMP6 expression was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) during early and late stages of pregnancy. BMP7 mRNA level was upregulated (p < 0.05) during the late stage of pregnancy in COTs. At 100 ng/ml, the BMP4 maximally stimulated the transcripts of StAR, CYP11A1, and 3βHSD while BMP7 maximally stimulated the transcripts of 3βHSD that paralleled with P4 accretion in the media (P < 0.05). BMP4 as well as BMP7 upregulated the transcripts of PCNA, vWF, and downregulated BAX in the TCC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BMPs are expressed in a regulated manner with stage-specific differences in the placenta and promotes the angiogenesis, proliferation, cell survivability, and steroidogenesis thereby regulating placental function in an autocrine/paracrine manner in water buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelendra Kumar
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - H Lakshmi Devi
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - N Singh Jalmeria
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - M Punetha
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Yogesh Pandey
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - H A Samad
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
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Burns GW, Brooks KE, O'Neil EV, Hagen DE, Behura SK, Spencer TE. Progesterone effects on extracellular vesicles in the sheep uterus. Biol Reprod 2019; 98:612-622. [PMID: 29346527 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) acts via the endometrium to promote conceptus growth and implantation for pregnancy establishment. Many cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are membrane-bound vesicles of endosomal and plasma membrane origin. In sheep, endometrial-derived EVs were found to traffic to the conceptus trophectoderm. Thus, EVs are hypothesized to be an important mode of intercellular communication by transferring select RNAs, proteins, and lipids between the endometrium and conceptus. Electron microscopy analysis found that the endometrial luminal and glandular epithelia were the primary source of EVs in the uterus of cyclic sheep. Size exclusion chromatography and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) found that total EV number in the uterine lumen increased from day 10 to 14 in cyclic sheep. Next, ewes were ovariectomized and hormone replaced to determine effects of P4 on the endometrium and EVs in the uterine lumen. Transcriptome analyses found that P4 regulated 1611 genes and nine miRNAs in the endometrium. Total EV number in the uterine lumen was increased by P4 treatment. Small RNA sequencing of EVs detected expression of 768 miRNAs and determined that P4 regulated seven of those miRNAs. These studies provide fundamental new information on how P4 influences endometrial function to regulate conceptus growth for pregnancy establishment in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Burns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelsey E Brooks
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Eleanore V O'Neil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Darren E Hagen
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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11
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Zolini AM, Negrón-Pérez VM, Hansen PJ. Importance of prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 in development of the bovine blastocyst. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:15. [PMID: 31277570 PMCID: PMC6612098 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 (PARM1) is a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic glycoprotein involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region of PARM1 has been associated with competence of bovine embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage. Here we tested the importance of PARM1 for development by evaluating consequences of reducing PARM1 mRNA abundance on embryonic development and differentiation, gene expression and resistance to ER stress. Results Knockdown of PARM1 using an anti-PARM1 GapmeR did not affect competence of embryos to develop into blastocysts but decreased the number of trophectoderm (TE) cells in the blastocyst and tended to increase the number of cells in the blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM). Treatment of embryos with anti-PARM1 GapmeR affected expression of 4 and 3 of 90 genes evaluated at the compact-morula and blastocyst stage of development at days 5.5 and 7.5 after fertilization, respectively. In morulae, treatment increased expression of DAB2, INADL, and STAT3 and decreased expression of CCR2. At the blastocyst stage, knockdown of PARM1 increased expression of PECAM and TEAD4 and decreased expression of CCR7. The potential role of PARM1 in ER stress response was determined by evaluating effects of knockdown of PARM1 on development of embryos after exposure to heat shock or tunicamycin and on expression of ATF6, DDIT3 and EIF2AK3 at the compact morula and blastocyst stages. Both heat shock and tunicamycin reduced the percent of embryos becoming a blastocyst but response was unaffected by PARM1 knockdown. Similarly, there was no effect of knockdown on steady-state amounts of ATF6, DDIT3 or EIF2AK3. Conclusion PARM1 participates in formation of TE and ICM cells in early embryonic development but there is no evidence for the role of PARM1 in the ER stress response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12861-019-0195-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Zolini
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-0910, USA.,Present address: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Verónica M Negrón-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-0910, USA.,Present address: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-0910, USA.
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Characteristics of candidate genes associated with embryonic development in the cow: Evidence for a role for WBP1 in development to the blastocyst stage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178041. [PMID: 28542629 PMCID: PMC5436885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal was to gain understanding of how 12 genes containing SNP previously related to embryo competence to become a blastocyst (BRINP3, C1QB, HSPA1L, IRF9, MON1B, PARM1, PCCB, PMM2, SLC18A2, TBC1D24, TTLL3 and WBP1) participate in embryonic development. Gene expression was evaluated in matured oocytes and embryos. BRINP3 and C1QB were not detected at any stage. For most other genes, transcript abundance declined as the embryo developed to the blastocyst stage. Exceptions were for PARM1 and WBP1, where steady-state mRNA increased at the 9-16 cell stage. The SNP in WBP1 caused large differences in the predicted three-dimensional structure of the protein while the SNP in PARM1 caused smaller changes. The mutation in WBP1 causes an amino acid substitution located close to a P-P-X-Y motif involved in protein-protein interactions. Moreover, the observation that the reference allele varies between mammalian species indicates that the locus has not been conserved during mammalian evolution. Knockdown of mRNA for WBP1 decreased the percent of putative zygotes becoming blastocysts and reduced the number of trophectoderm cells and immunoreactive CDX2 in the resulting blastocysts. WBP1 is an important gene for embryonic development in the cow. Further research to identify how the SNP in WBP1 affects processes leading to differentiation of the embryo into TE and ICM lineages is warranted.
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Derivation of Induced Trophoblast Cell Lines in Cattle by Doxycycline-Inducible piggyBac Vectors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167550. [PMID: 27907214 PMCID: PMC5132304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophectoderm lineage specification is one of the earliest differentiation events in mammalian development. The trophoblast lineage, which is derived from the trophectoderm, mediates implantation and placental formation. However, the processes involved in trophoblastic differentiation and placental formation in cattle remain unclear due to interspecies differences when compared with other model systems and the small repertoire of available trophoblast cell lines. Here, we describe the generation of trophoblast cell lines (biTBCs) from bovine amnion-derived cells (bADCs) using an induced pluripotent stem cell technique. bADCs were introduced with piggyBac vectors containing doxycycline (Dox)-inducible transcription factors (Oct3⁄4(POU5F1), Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc). Colonies that appeared showed a flattened epithelial-like morphology similar to cobblestones, had a more definite cell boundary between cells, and frequently formed balloon-like spheroids similar to trophoblastic vesicles (TVs). biTBCs were propagated for over 60 passages and expressed trophoblast-related (CDX2, ELF5, ERRβ, and IFN-τ) and pluripotency-related genes (endogenous OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC). Furthermore, when biTBCs were induced to differentiate by removing Dox from culture, they formed binucleate cells and began to express pregnancy-related genes (PL, PRP1, and PAG1). This is the first report demonstrating that the induction of pluripotency in bovine amniotic cells allows the generation of trophoblastic cell lines that possess trophoblast stem cell-like characteristics and have the potential to differentiate into the extra-embryonic cell lineage. These cell lines can be a new cell source as a model for studying trophoblast cell lineages and implantation processes in cattle.
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Li Y, Parast MM. BMP4 regulation of human trophoblast development. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 58:239-46. [PMID: 25023690 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.130341mp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the derivation of human embryonic stem cells, and the subsequent generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, there has been much excitement about the ability to model and evaluate human organ development in vitro. The finding that these cells, when treated with BMP4, are able to generate the extraembryonic cell type, trophoblast, which is the predominant functional epithelium in the placenta, has not been widely accepted. This review evaluates this model, providing comparison to early known events during placentation in both human and mouse and addresses specific challenges. Keeping in mind the ultimate goal of understanding human placental development and pregnancy disorders, our aim here is two-fold: to distinguish gaps in our knowledge arising from mis- or over-interpretation of data, and to recognize the limitations of both mouse and human models, but to work within those limitations towards the ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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La Rosa I. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Preimplantation Embryos. BONE MORPHOGENIC PROTEIN 2015; 99:223-48. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Awad M, Koshi K, Kizaki K, Takahashi T, Hashizume K. SOLD1 is expressed in bovine trophoblast cell lines and regulates cell invasiveness. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:55. [PMID: 24950590 PMCID: PMC4078357 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted protein of Ly-6 domain 1 (SOLD1), a secretory-type member of the Ly-6 superfamily, is expressed in both fetal and maternal tissues throughout gestation. SOLD1 mRNA is expressed in the endometrium and in trophoblast mononucleate and binucleate cells, suggesting it plays an important role not only in placental architecture at early gestation, but also in remodeling the endometrium at late gestation. Here, we investigate the expression of SOLD1 mRNA and protein in trophoblast cell lines. In addition, we examine the effect of SOLD1 on the invasive ability of trophoblast cells. METHODS We measured SOLD1 gene expression in thirteen bovine trophoblast (BT) cell lines by using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). SOLD1 protein levels were examined in two cell lines, BT-C and BT-K, by using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. In addition, we measured the invasive activity of BT cells in the presence or absence of anti-bovine SOLD1 antibodies. RESULTS At variable levels, SOLD1 was expressed in all thirteen cell lines; however, expression remained below that of proximal fetal membrane tissue. SOLD1 protein, which was approximately 28 kDa in size, was detected in perinuclear area of the cytoplasm in BT cells. Treatment with anti-bovine SOLD1 antibody had a dose-dependent suppressive effect on the invasiveness of BT-K cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to investigate SOLD1 expression in vitro, in trophoblastic cell lines. Our data suggested that SOLD1 is involved in the regulation of the trophoblast invasiveness. Therefore, SOLD1 may play an active and crucial role in mediating communication at the fetomaternal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Awad
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Katsuo Koshi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hashizume
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Ramos-Ibeas P, Calle A, Pericuesta E, Laguna-Barraza R, Moros-Mora R, Lopera-Vásquez R, Maillo V, Yáñez-Mó M, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Rizos D, Ramírez MÁ. An efficient system to establish biopsy-derived trophoblastic cell lines from bovine embryos. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:15. [PMID: 24855108 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.118430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblastic cells play a crucial role in implantation and placentogenesis and can be used as a model to provide substantial information on the peri-implantation period. Unfortunately, there are few cell lines for this purpose in cattle because of the difficulty of raising successive cell stocks in the long-term. Our results show that the combination of a monolayer culture system in microdrops on a surface treated with gelatin and the employment of conditioned media from mouse embryonic fibroblasts support the growth of bovine trophoblastic cells lines from an embryo biopsy. Expression profiles of mononucleate- and binucleate-specific genes in established trophoblastic cells lines represented various stages of gestation. Moreover, the ability to expand trophoblastic cell lines for more than 2 yr together with pluripotency-related gene expression patterns revealed certain self-renewal capacity. In summary, we have developed a system to expand in vitro trophoblastic cells from an embryo biopsy that solves the limitations of using amplified DNA from a small number of cells for bovine embryo genotyping and epigenotyping and, on the other hand, facilitates the establishment of trophoblastic cell lines that can be useful as peri-implantation in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Pericuesta
- Departamento de Reproduccion Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Lu W, Tu Z, Wang S, Lu J, Wang Q, Wang W, Wang B, Wang H, Ni H, Guo Y. Spatiotemporal expression of Wnt signaling pathway components during bovine placental development. Theriogenology 2013; 80:893-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Koshi K, Suzuki Y, Nakaya Y, Imai K, Hosoe M, Takahashi T, Kizaki K, Miyazawa T, Hashizume K. Bovine trophoblastic cell differentiation and binucleation involves enhanced endogenous retrovirus element expression. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:41. [PMID: 22632112 PMCID: PMC3419082 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope (env) genes are involved in the differentiation of trophoblastic cells in humans and mice. However, there is limited information about their roles in ruminant trophoblastic cells. Thus, we attempted to explore the possible roles of ERV elements in the binucleation of bovine trophoblastic cells using in vitro bovine trophoblastic (BT) cell lines. METHODS In this study, blastocysts and elongated embryos were obtained from Japanese Black cows, and endometrial and fetal membrane tissues were collected from day 17 to 37 of gestation. The gene expression levels of four ERV elements, bERVE (bovine endogenous retrovirus envelope element-like transcript) -A, bERVE-B, BERV (bovine endogenous retrovirus) -K1 env, and BERV-K2 env, were analyzed in the fetal and endometrial tissue and cultured BT cell lines using quantitative RT-PCR. On-Matrigel gel and on-collagen gel culturing were used to induce binucleate cell (BNC) formation in the BT cell lines. How the culture conditions affected the expression of BNC-specific genes and ERV elements was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS bERVE-A, bERVE-B, BERV-K1 env, and BERV-K2 env were expressed in almost all BT cell lines; however, only bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env were detected in trophoblastic tissues during the peri-implantation period. In the on-Matrigel cultures, the expression levels of BNC-specific genes and molecules were enhanced in the BT cells. The expression levels of bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env were also increased in the BT cells during on-Matrigel culturing. The BT cell expression levels of these ERV elements were consistent with those of BNC-specific genes during on-Matrigel culturing (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env are involved in the expression of BNC-specific genes and the progression of bovine trophoblastic cell binucleation, as their expression levels increased during periods of increased BNC-specific molecule expression, which is strongly suggestive of the development of BNC from mononucleate trophoblastic cells. The on-Matrigel culture system is a convenient in vitro tool for studying bovine trophoblastic cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuo Koshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasunori Suzuki
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakaya
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kei Imai
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo-mura, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Misa Hosoe
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hashizume
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Pennington KA, Ealy AD. The expression and potential function of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 in bovine trophectoderm. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:12. [PMID: 22330732 PMCID: PMC3309928 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were first described for their roles in bone formation, but they now also are known to possess additional activities, including those relating to embryogenesis. The objectives of this work were to 1) determine if peri-attachment bovine conceptuses and bovine trophoblast cells (CT1) contain transcripts for BMP2 and 4, an innate inhibitor noggin (NOG), and BMP2/4 receptors (BMPRII, ACVR1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B), and 2) determine if BMP2 or 4 supplementation to CT1 cells affects cell proliferation, differentiation or trophoblast-specific gene expression. METHODS RNA was isolated from day 17 bovine conceptuses and CT1 cells. After RT-PCR, amplified products were cloned and sequenced. In other studies CT1 cells were treated with BMP2 or 4 at various concentrations and effects on cell viability, cell differentiation and abundance of IFNT and CSH1 mRNA were evaluated. RESULTS Transcripts for BMP2 and 4 were detected in bovine conceptuses and CT1 cells. Also, transcripts for each BMP receptor were detected in conceptuses and CT1 cells. Transcripts for NOG were detected in conceptuses but not CT1 cells. Cell proliferation was reduced by BMP4 but not BMP2 supplementation. Both factors reduced IFNT mRNA abundance but had no effect on CSH1 mRNA abundance in CT1 cells. CONCLUSIONS The BMP2/4 ligand and receptor system presides within bovine trophectoderm prior to uterine attachment. BMP4 negatively impacts CT1 cell growth and both BMPs affect IFNT mRNA abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Pennington
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan D Ealy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, FL, USA
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