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Novel pyrimido-pyridazine derivatives: design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation and in silico studies. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1693-1704. [PMID: 36533662 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A novel pyrimido-pyridazine derivative for developing anticancer agents was synthesized via Ullmann arylation using an efficient Cu(OAc)2 catalyst. Materials & methods: Compounds were investigated for their anticancer potential, against human breast adenocarcinoma cells, viz. MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and normal cell line HEK-293. Further, an in vivo study was conducted on lymphoma-bearing mice while in silico analysis was carried out for molecular interactions. Results: Compound 2b displayed significant antitumor activity towards MDA-MB-231 cells through induction of apoptosis and arresting cells in S-phase in vitro, while it significantly increased the lifespan and reduced tumor growth in vivo. An in silico study revealed potent tyrosine-protein kinase inhibitors. Conclusion: Taken together the molecule has the potential to become an effective therapeutic treatment for breast cancer.
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2
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Kilic-Kurt Z, Ozmen N, Bakar-Ates F. Synthesis and anticancer activity of some pyrimidine derivatives with aryl urea moieties as apoptosis-inducing agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104028. [PMID: 32645482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new series of pyrimidine derivatives containing aryl urea moieties was designed and synthesized. The anticancer activities of all compounds were evaluated in vitro against colon and prostat cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Among these compounds, 4b exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against SW480 cancer cell line with IC50 value of 11.08 µM. Mechanistic studies showed that compound 4b arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis through upregulating Bax, Ikb-α and cleaved PARP and downregulating Bcl-2 expression levels. Moreover, compound 4b induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in SW480 cells. These results suggest that pyrimidine with urea moieties could be a template for designing new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zühal Kilic-Kurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nuri Ozmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Bakar-Ates
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of Cyclobentinib (CB1107) as a potential anti-CML agent. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Bikshapathi R, Sai Prathima P, Yashwanth B, Rajesh P, Rao JV, Jagadeesh Kumar G, Jagadeesh N, Rao VJ. An expeditious protocol for synthesis of Baylis–Hillman derived piperazine derivatives and evaluation of their AChE inhibition. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Munikrishnappa CS, Puranik SB, Kumar GS, Prasad YR. Part-1: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bromo-pyrimidine analogs as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 119:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Adamczyk-Woźniak A, Czerwińska K, Madura ID, Matuszewska A, Sporzyński A, Żubrowska-Zembrzuska A. Piperazine derivatives of boronic acids – potential bifunctional biologically active compounds. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00084j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a piperazine and boronic groups within one molecule can result in a totally novel biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Izabela D. Madura
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
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7
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Ma S, Zeng G, Fang D, Wang J, Wu W, Xie W, Tan S, Zheng K. Studies of N(9)-arenthenyl purines as novel DFG-in and DFG-out dual Src/Abl inhibitors using 3D-QSAR, docking and molecular dynamics simulations. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 11:394-406. [PMID: 25406390 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00350k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the development of Src/Abl (c-Src/Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinases) dual inhibitors has attracted considerable attention from the research community for treatment of malignancies. In order to explore the different structural features impacting the Src and Abl inhibitory activities of N(9)-arenethenyl purines and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of ligand-receptor interactions, a molecular modeling study combining the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was performed. The obtained CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) models exhibited satisfactory internal and external predictability. The plots of the CoMFA fields could be used to investigate the structural differences between DFG-in (targeting the active enzyme conformation) and DFG-out (targeting the inactive enzyme conformation) inhibitors. The key amino acid residues were identified by docking studies, and the detailed binding modes of the compounds with different activities were determined by MD simulations. The binding free energies gave a good correlation with the experimental determined activities. In an energetic analysis, the MM-PBSA (molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface) energy decomposition revealed that the van der Waals interactions were the major driving force for the binding of the DFG-in and DFG-out compounds to Src and Abl, especially the hydrophobic interactions between ligands and residues Ala403/380, Asp404/381, and Phe405/382 in DFG-out Src and Abl complexes. They also help to stabilize the DFG-out conformations. These results can offer useful references for designing novel potential DFG-in and DFG-out dual Src/Abl inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Ma
- Department of Physical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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8
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Zeng GH, Fang DQ, Wu WJ, Wang JP, Xie WG, Ma SJ, Wu JH, Shen Y. Theoretical Studies on Pyrazolo[3,4-d
]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Dual c-Src/Abl Inhibitors Using 3D-QSAR and Docking Approaches. Mol Inform 2014; 33:183-200. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Design and synthesis of novel 4-benzothiazole amino quinazolines Dasatinib derivatives as potential anti-tumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:702-12. [PMID: 23567960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three series of novel 4-benzothiazole amino quinazolines Dasatinib derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The entire target compounds were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity by the MTT-based assay against 6 human cancer cell lines. Compared with the parental Dasatinib, most of the new compounds, especially 2, 4, 6-trimethylaniline series (3), demonstrated significant inhibitory activities against six cell lines. Furthermore, the target compounds were screened for Src and Abl kinase inhibitory activity. Among them, 1a, 1f and 3a-3f are more potential dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitors. Thus they may be promising lead compounds to be developed as an alternative for current Dasatinib therapy or for Imatinib-resistant patients, potentially via simultaneously blocking multiple RTK signaling pathways.
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Abstract
The abnormal BCR-ABL oncoprotein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase driving aberrant proliferation of transformed hematopoietic cells. BCR-ABL regulates activation of many mitogenic and pro-survival pathways, including the PI 3'K/AKT/mTOR pathway that controls various effectors and regulates initiation of mRNA translation in mammalian cells. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the ABL kinase domain have remarkable clinical activity and have dramatically changed the natural history of Ph+ leukemias, resistance to these agents also develops via a wide range of mechanisms. Efforts to target the PI3'K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway using kinase inhibitors have been the focus of extensive ongoing investigations by several research groups. Here we review the effects of activation of the AMPK kinase, which regulates downstream targeting and inhibition of mTOR. The potential for future clinical-translational applications of AMPK activators such as AICAR, metformin and resveratrol for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are discussed.
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11
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Cai J, Zhang S, Zheng M, Wu X, Chen J, Ji M. Design, synthesis, and in vitro antiproliferative activity of novel Dasatinib derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:806-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Doki N, Kitaura J, Uchida T, Inoue D, Kagiyama Y, Togami K, Isobe M, Ito S, Maehara A, Izawa K, Kato N, Oki T, Harada Y, Nakahara F, Harada H, Kitamura T. Fyn is not essential for Bcr-Abl-induced leukemogenesis in mouse bone marrow transplantation models. Int J Hematol 2011; 95:167-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Lack of non-hematological cross intolerance of dasatinib to imatinib in imatinib-intolerant patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia or acute lymphatic leukemia: a retrospective safety analysis. Int J Hematol 2011; 93:745-749. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Tunceroglu A, Matsuda M, Birge RB. Real-time fluorescent resonance energy transfer analysis to monitor drug resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:3065-73. [PMID: 20817824 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the initial effectiveness of oncogene-directed cancer therapeutics, acquired drug resistance remains the ultimate "Achilles' heel" for long-term durable remission in cancer patients. Acquisition of drug resistance is not more evident elsewhere than in the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and dasatinib, for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Hence, even though imatinib initially produces remission in the chronic phase, ultimately these therapeutics fail via the emergence of drug resistance, in which chronic myelogenous leukemia could inevitably progress to a terminal blast phase culminating in fatal outcome. Technically, it is challenging to predict the onset of drug resistance in a small number of oncogene-transformed cells, making the decision of when and how to employ second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or employ novel compounds that would be of benefit in treating drug-resistant Bcr-Abl mutants mainly retrospective. Here, we characterize a rapid and sensitive real-time fluorescent resonance energy transfer-based assay that is able to detect the in vivo activity of Bcr-Abl and its inhibition by small molecule compounds. Due to its real-time and in vivo nature, such an approach has the potential to monitor a drug-resistant phenotype, as well as to identify pharmaceutical agents that inhibit drug-resistant Bcr-Abl oncoproteins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Tunceroglu
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue MSB-E650, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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15
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Yamada O, Kawauchi K, Akiyama M, Ozaki K, Motoji T, Adachi T, Aikawa E. Leukemic cells with increased telomerase activity exhibit resistance to imatinib. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:1168-77. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190802043861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Jackson DB. Clinical and economic impact of the nonresponder phenomenon – implications for systems based discovery. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:380-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Schenone S, Brullo C, Bruno O, Bondavalli F, Mosti L, Maga G, Crespan E, Carraro F, Manetti F, Tintori C, Botta M. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of 4-amino substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2665-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Jakubowska J, Wasowska-Lukawska M, Czyz M. STI571 and morpholine derivative of doxorubicin collaborate in inhibition of K562 cell proliferation by inducing differentiation and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 596:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Li R, Morris SW. Development of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) small-molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:372-412. [PMID: 17694547 DOI: 10.1002/med.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) involved in the genesis of several human cancers; indeed, ALK was initially identified in constitutively activated and oncogenic fusion forms--the most common being nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK--in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) known as anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and subsequent studies identified ALK fusions in the human sarcomas called inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). In addition, two recent reports have suggested that the ALK fusion, TPM4-ALK, may be involved in the genesis of a subset of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. While the cause-effect relationship between ALK fusions and malignancies such as ALCL and IMT is very well established, more circumstantial links implicate the involvement of the full-length, normal ALK receptor in the genesis of additional malignancies including glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and others; in these instances, ALK is believed to foster tumorigenesis following activation by autocrine and/or paracrine growth loops involving the reported ALK ligands, pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK). There are no currently available ALK small-molecule inhibitors approved for clinical cancer therapy; however, recognition of the variety of malignancies in which ALK may play a causative role has recently begun to prompt developmental efforts in this area. This review provides a succinct summary of normal ALK biology, the confirmed and putative roles of ALK fusions and the full-length ALK receptor in the development of human cancers, and efforts to target ALK using small-molecule kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- High-Throughput Medicinal Chemistry, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, 16981 Via Tazon, Suites K, San Diego, California 92127, USA.
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20
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Valent P. Emerging stem cell concepts for imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia: implications for the biology, management, and therapy of the disease. Br J Haematol 2008; 142:361-78. [PMID: 18540942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloid neoplasm defined by the BCR/ABL oncoprotein that is considered essential for leukaemogenesis and accumulation of neoplastic cells. The BCR/ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib is an effective agent in most patients and can now be regarded as front-line therapy. Hence, intrinsic and acquired resistance to imatinib has been described and is an emerging challenge in clinical practice. While CML stem cells display primary resistance, stem cell subclones may, in addition, acquire imatinib-resistant mutants of BCR/ABL. Other factors that are considered to contribute to stem cell resistance include the genetic background, clonal evolution, additional biological features of subclones, gene amplifications, silencing of tumour suppressor genes and specific pharmacological aspects. In this article, mechanisms of resistance of CML (stem) cells against imatinib and other BCR/ABL inhibitors are discussed, together with strategies to overcome and/or to prevent resistance with available drugs or novel anti-leukaemic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Akahane D, Tauchi T, Okabe S, Nunoda K, Ohyashiki K. Activity of a novel Aurora kinase inhibitor against the T315I mutant form of BCR-ABL: in vitro and in vivo studies. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1251-7. [PMID: 18429956 PMCID: PMC11158598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite promising results from clinical studies of ABL kinase inhibitors, a challenging problem that remains is the T315I mutation against which neither nilotinib nor dasatinib show significant activity. In the present study, we investigated the activity of a novel Aurora kinase inhibitor, VE-465, against leukemia cells expressing wild-type BCR-ABL or the T315I mutant form of BCR-ABL. We observed a dose-dependent reduction in the level of BCR-ABL autophosphorylation in VE-465-treated cells. Exposure to the combination of VE-465 and imatinib exerted an enhanced apoptotic effect in K562 cells. Combined treatment with VE-465 and imatinib caused more attenuation of the levels of phospho-AKT and c-Myc in K562 cells. Further, the isobologram indicated the synergistic effect of simultaneous exposure to VE-465 and imatinib in K562 cells. To assess the in vivo efficacy of VE-465, athymic nude mice were injected intravenously with BaF3 cells expressing wild-type BCR-ABL or the T315I mutant form. The vehicle-treated mice died of a condition resembling acute leukemia by 28 days; however, nearly all mice treated with VE-465 (75 mg/kg, twice daily; intraperitoneally for 14 days) survived for more than 56 days. Histopathological analysis of vehicle-treated mice revealed infiltration of the spleen. In contrast, histopathological analysis of organs from VE-465-treated mice demonstrated normal tissue architecture. Taken together, the present study shows that VE-465 exhibits a desirable therapeutic index that can reduce the in vivo growth of T315I mutant form and wild-type BCR-ABL-expressing cells in an efficacious manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Aurora Kinases
- Benzamides
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Immunoblotting
- Immunoprecipitation
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Experimental/enzymology
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Akahane
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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22
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Czyz M, Jakubowska J, Sztiller-Sikorska M. STI571/doxorubicin concentration-dependent switch for diverse caspase actions in CML cell line K562. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:1761-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Radi M, Crespan E, Botta G, Falchi F, Maga G, Manetti F, Corradi V, Mancini M, Santucci MA, Schenone S, Botta M. Discovery and SAR of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potent Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cytodifferentiating agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carayol N, Katsoulidis E, Sassano A, Altman JK, Druker BJ, Platanias LC. Suppression of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) protein expression by BCR-ABL-regulated engagement of the mTOR/p70 S6 kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:8601-10. [PMID: 18223253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707934200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-activated pathways play important roles in cell growth and survival of BCR-ABL-transformed cells. We have previously shown that the mTOR/p70 S6 kinase (p70 S6K) pathway is constitutively activated in BCR-ABL transformed cells and that inhibition of BCR-ABL kinase activity by imatinib mesylate abrogates such activation. We now provide evidence for the existence of a novel regulatory mechanism by which BCR-ABL promotes cell proliferation, involving p70 S6K-mediated suppression of expression of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a tumor suppressor protein that acts as an inhibitor of cap-dependent translation by blocking the translation initiation factor eIF4A. Our data also establish that second generation BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors block activation of p70 S6K and downstream engagement of the S6 ribosomal protein in BCR-ABL transformed cells. Moreover, PDCD4 protein expression is up-regulated by inhibition of the BCR-ABL kinase in K562 cells and BaF3/BCR-ABL transfectants, suggesting a mechanism for the generation of the proapoptotic effects of such inhibitors. Knockdown of PDCD4 expression results in reversal of the suppressive effects of nilotinib and imatinib mesylate on leukemic progenitor colony formation, suggesting an important role for this protein in the generation of antileukemic responses. Altogether, our studies identify a novel mechanism by which BCR-ABL may promote leukemic cell growth, involving sequential engagement of the mTOR/p70 S6K pathway and downstream suppression of PDCD4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Carayol
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Abstract
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent and marked eosinophilia. Some HES forms have a poor prognosis, either because of end-organ damage (particularly endomyocardial fibrosis), or because of associated myeloid leukemia or malignant T-cell lymphoma. Oral mucosa ulcerations can be early clinical signs in severe forms. They are discrete, round or oval, sometimes confluent ulcers or erosions, located on non-keratinized, unattached oral mucosa. In the last 15 years a better understanding of eosinophil biology has led to a new clinical classification of HES. The lymphocytic form is characterized by T-lymphocyte clonality, IL-5 production, and a possible progression to T-cell lymphoma. Oral lesions are more frequently associated with the myeloproliferative form, characterized by an increased risk of developing myeloid malignancies and a good response to a recent anti-tyrosine kinase therapy (imatinib mesylate). The target of imatinib is a novel kinase resulting from an 800-kb deletion on chromosome 4. Recently, the resulting FIP1L1-PDGFRalpha fusion gene was characterized as a marker of response to imatinib. Exclusion of other erosive ulcerative oral disease and early recognition of HES in patients with oral ulcerations, and precise characterization of the lymphocytic or myeloproliferative form are therefore important to rapidly initiate an effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ionescu
- Inserm U728, Université Paris VII, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475, Paris Cedex 10, France
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26
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A solid-phase Bcr-Abl kinase assay in 96-well hydrogel plates. Anal Biochem 2007; 375:18-26. [PMID: 18194660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulated phosphorylation by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), such as c-Abl, is critical to cellular homeostasis. In turn, once deregulated as in the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) fusion protein Bcr-Abl, PTKs can promote cancer onset and progression. The dramatic success of the Bcr-Abl inhibitor imatinib as therapy for CML has inspired interest in other PTKs as targets for cancer drug discovery. Here we report a novel PTK activity and inhibition screening method using hydrogel-immobilized peptide substrates. Using acrylate crosslinkers, we tether peptides via terminal cysteines to thiol-presenting hydrogels in 96-well plates. These surfaces display low background and high reproducibility, allowing semiquantitative detection of peptide phosphorylation by recombinant c-Abl or by Bcr-Abl activity in cell extracts using traditional anti-phosphotyrosine immunodetection and chemifluorescence. The capabilities of this assay are demonstrated by performing model screens for inhibition with several commercially available PTK inhibitors and a collection of pyridopyrimidine Src/Abl dual inhibitors. This assay provides a practical method to measure the activity of a single kinase present in a whole cell lysate with high sensitivity and specificity as a valuable means for efficient small molecule screening.
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27
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Veach DR, Namavari M, Pillarsetty N, Santos EB, Beresten-Kochetkov T, Lambek C, Punzalan BJ, Antczak C, Smith-Jones PM, Djaballah H, Clarkson B, Larson SM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a fluorine-18 derivative of dasatinib. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5853-7. [PMID: 17956080 DOI: 10.1021/jm070342g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases often play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of cancer and are good candidates for therapeutic intervention and targeted molecular imaging. The precursor synthesis, radiosynthesis, and biological characterization of a fluorine-18 analog of dasatinib, a multitargeted kinase inhibitor, are reported. Compound 5 potently inhibits Abl, Src, and Kit kinases and inhibits K562 and M07e/p210bcr-abl human leukemic cell growth. Using positron emission tomography, we visualized K562 tumor xenografts in mice with [18F]-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Veach
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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28
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Collins VP. Mechanisms of disease: genetic predictors of response to treatment in brain tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:362-74. [PMID: 17534392 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are currently diagnosed on the basis of their histology. The most common types in adults are astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas or mixed tumors, which almost invariably lead to death. Improvements in outcome have been elusive despite intensive research. Recent findings indicate that response to conventional therapy, at least in some cases, correlates better with genetic characteristics than histopathology. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the malignant phenotype of gliomas also provides the possibility of rational design of molecularly targeted therapies. This approach has proved successful in other areas of oncology. As many tumors have the same types of molecular abnormalities, molecular targeted therapies developed for nonbrain tumor types might be adapted for the treatment of brain tumors. There are a number of unique problems involved in treating tumors in the brain that must be overcome. The genetic predictors of response to conventional therapies, the genes and cellular mechanisms involved in glioma development, and potential therapeutic targets are reviewed. The possibility of designing tailored molecular therapy based on the molecular characteristics of the tumors is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Peter Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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29
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Chaturvedi A, Battmer K, Schaefer D, Ganser A, Eder M, Scherr M. Comparison between molecularly defined and conventional therapeutics in a conditional BCR-ABL cell culture model. Oligonucleotides 2007; 17:22-34. [PMID: 17461760 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2006.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating knowledge about the molecular mechanisms causing human diseases can support the development of targeted therapies such as imatinib, a BCR-ABL-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here, we use lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) targeting BCR-ABL and the downstream signaling molecules SHP2, STAT5, and Gab2 to compare the efficacy and specificity of molecularly defined therapeutics with that of conventional cytotoxic drugs (cytarabine, doxorubicin, etoposide) in a conditional BCR-ABL cell culture model. IC(50) values were determined for each drug in TonB cells cultured either with interleukin-3 (IL-3) or BCR-ABL, and molecularly defined therapies were studied using lentivirally expressed shRNAs. We demonstrate that conventional anti-leukemic drugs have small or no differential effects under different cell culture conditions, whereas both imatinib and specific RNAi significantly inhibit proliferation of TonB cells in the presence of BCR-ABL but not IL-3. To study molecularly defined combination therapy, we evaluated either imatinib in TonB cells with target-specific RNAi or we used lentiviral vectors to induce combinatorial RNAi through simultaneous expression of two shRNAs. These combination therapies result in increased efficacy without loss in specificity. Interestingly, combinatorial RNAi can specifically deplete TonB cell cultures in the presence of BCR-ABL, even without targeting the oncogene itself. This model provides a tool to evaluate potential therapeutic targets and to quantify efficacy and specificity preclinically of new combination therapies in BCR-ABL-positive cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genetic Therapy
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Interleukin-3/pharmacology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Phosphoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, and Oncology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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30
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Manetti F, Pucci A, Magnani M, Locatelli GA, Brullo C, Naldini A, Schenone S, Maga G, Carraro F, Botta M. Inhibition of Bcr-Abl Phosphorylation and Induction of Apoptosis by Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines in Human Leukemia Cells. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:343-53. [PMID: 17295370 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, previously found to be Src inhibitors, was tested for their ability to inhibit proliferation of three Bcr-Abl-positive human leukemia cell lines (K-562, KU-812, and MEG-01), on the basis of the experimental evidence that various Src inhibitors are also active against Bcr-Abl kinase (the so called dual Src/Abl inhibitors). They reduce Bcr-Abl tyrosine phosphorylation and promote apoptosis of the Bcr-Abl-expressing cells. A cell-free enzymatic assay on isolated c-Abl confirmed that such compounds directly inhibit Abl activity. Finally, molecular modeling simulations were also performed to hypothesize the binding mode of the compounds into the Abl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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31
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Kalac M, Quintás-Cardama A, Vrhovac R, Kantarjian H, Verstovsek S. A critical appraisal of conventional and investigational drug therapy in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome and clonal eosinophilia. Cancer 2007; 110:955-64. [PMID: 17654661 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent and marked eosinophilia, leading to end-organ damage. Over the last decade, great progress has been made in unraveling the molecular basis of HES that has resulted in the characterization of specific genetic alterations linked to clonal eosinophilia. The most frequently encountered genetic aberrancy is the cryptic FIP1-like 1/platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (FIP1L1-PDGFRA) fusion transcript, which results in an eosinophilic, myeloproliferative disorder. In addition, in a subset of patients with HES, a population of aberrant T cells that secretes interleukin-5 can be identified, indicating the existence of lymphocyte-mediated hypereosinophilia. These new insights have led to both a genetically based (re)classification of eosinophilic blood disorders and to effective therapies with targeted agents, such as small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (eg, imatinib, nilotinib, PKC412) and, more recently, monoclonal antibodies (eg, mepolizumab, alemtuzumab). These targeted therapies hold great promise for improving the clinical outcomes of patients with HES and clonal eosinophilia, and they have exhibited relatively safe toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matko Kalac
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
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32
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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