1
|
Machín F. Implications of Metastable Nicks and Nicked Holliday Junctions in Processing Joint Molecules in Mitosis and Meiosis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121498. [PMID: 33322845 PMCID: PMC7763299 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint molecules (JMs) are intermediates of homologous recombination (HR). JMs rejoin sister or homolog chromosomes and must be removed timely to allow segregation in anaphase. Current models pinpoint Holliday junctions (HJs) as a central JM. The canonical HJ (cHJ) is a four-way DNA that needs specialized nucleases, a.k.a. resolvases, to resolve into two DNA molecules. Alternatively, a helicase–topoisomerase complex can deal with pairs of cHJs in the dissolution pathway. Aside from cHJs, HJs with a nick at the junction (nicked HJ; nHJ) can be found in vivo and are extremely good substrates for resolvases in vitro. Despite these findings, nHJs have been neglected as intermediates in HR models. Here, I present a conceptual study on the implications of nicks and nHJs in the final steps of HR. I address this from a biophysical, biochemical, topological, and genetic point of view. My conclusion is that they ease the elimination of JMs while giving genetic directionality to the final products. Additionally, I present an alternative view of the dissolution pathway since the nHJ that results from the second end capture predicts a cross-join isomerization. Finally, I propose that this isomerization nicely explains the strict crossover preference observed in synaptonemal-stabilized JMs in meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Multiple Roles of the Cdc14 Phosphatase in Cell Cycle Control. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030709. [PMID: 31973188 PMCID: PMC7038166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cdc14 phosphatase is a key regulator of mitosis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cdc14 was initially described as playing an essential role in the control of cell cycle progression by promoting mitotic exit on the basis of its capacity to counteract the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28/Cdk1. A compiling body of evidence, however, has later demonstrated that this phosphatase plays other multiple roles in the regulation of mitosis at different cell cycle stages. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the pivotal role of Cdc14 in cell cycle control, with a special focus in the most recently uncovered functions of the phosphatase.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramos-Pérez C, Dominska M, Anaissi-Afonso L, Cazorla-Rivero S, Quevedo O, Lorenzo-Castrillejo I, Petes TD, Machín F. Cytological and genetic consequences for the progeny of a mitotic catastrophe provoked by Topoisomerase II deficiency. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11686-11721. [PMID: 31812950 PMCID: PMC6932922 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (Top2) removes topological linkages between replicated chromosomes. Top2 inhibition leads to mitotic catastrophe (MC) when cells unsuccessfully try to split their genetic material between the two daughter cells. Herein, we have characterized the fate of these daughter cells in the budding yeast. Clonogenic and microcolony experiments, in combination with vital and apoptotic stains, showed that 75% of daughter cells become senescent in the short term; they are unable to divide but remain alive. Decline in cell vitality then occurred, yet slowly, uncoordinatedly when comparing pairs of daughters, and independently of the cell death mediator Mca1/Yca1. Furthermore, we showed that senescence can be modulated by ploidy, suggesting that gross chromosome imbalances during segregation may account for this phenotype. Indeed, we found that diploid long-term survivors of the MC are prone to genomic imbalances such as trisomies, uniparental disomies and terminal loss of heterozygosity (LOH), the latter affecting the longest chromosome arms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ramos-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Present address: BenchSci Analytics Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Margaret Dominska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura Anaissi-Afonso
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Cazorla-Rivero
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Oliver Quevedo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Present address: Genomic Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabel Lorenzo-Castrillejo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Thomas D Petes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramos F, Villoria MT, Alonso-Rodríguez E, Clemente-Blanco A. Role of protein phosphatases PP1, PP2A, PP4 and Cdc14 in the DNA damage response. Cell Stress 2019; 3:70-85. [PMID: 31225502 PMCID: PMC6551743 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.03.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity is fundamental for cellular physiology. Our hereditary information encoded in the DNA is intrinsically susceptible to suffer variations, mostly due to the constant presence of endogenous and environmental genotoxic stresses. Genomic insults must be repaired to avoid loss or inappropriate transmission of the genetic information, a situation that could lead to the appearance of developmental anomalies and tumorigenesis. To safeguard our genome, cells have evolved a series of mechanisms collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR). This surveillance system regulates multiple features of the cellular response, including the detection of the lesion, a transient cell cycle arrest and the restoration of the broken DNA molecule. While the role of multiple kinases in the DDR has been well documented over the last years, the intricate roles of protein dephosphorylation have only recently begun to be addressed. In this review, we have compiled recent information about the function of protein phosphatases PP1, PP2A, PP4 and Cdc14 in the DDR, focusing mainly on their capacity to regulate the DNA damage checkpoint and the repair mechanism encompassed in the restoration of a DNA lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Ramos
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Group. Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), C/Zacarías González 2, Salamanca 37007, SPAIN
| | - María Teresa Villoria
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Group. Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), C/Zacarías González 2, Salamanca 37007, SPAIN
| | - Esmeralda Alonso-Rodríguez
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Group. Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), C/Zacarías González 2, Salamanca 37007, SPAIN
| | - Andrés Clemente-Blanco
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Group. Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), C/Zacarías González 2, Salamanca 37007, SPAIN
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Delayed Encounter of Parental Genomes Can Lead to Aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2017; 208:139-151. [PMID: 29150427 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated an extreme deviation from the norm of genome unification that occurs during mating in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae This deviation is encountered when yeast that carry a mutation of the spindle pole body protein, Kar1, are mated with wildtype cells. In this case, nuclear fusion is delayed and the genotypes of a fraction of zygotic progeny suggest that chromosomes have "transferred" between the parental nuclei in zygotes. This classic, yet bizarre, occurrence is routinely used to generate aneuploid (disomic) yeast. [kar1 × wt] zygotes, like [wt × wt] zygotes, initially have a single spindle pole body per nucleus. Unlike [wt × wt] zygotes, in [kar1 × wt] zygotes, the number of spindle pole bodies per nucleus then can increase before nuclear fusion. When such nuclei fuse, the spindle pole bodies do not coalesce efficiently, and subsets of spindle pole bodies and centromeres can enter buds. The genotypes of corresponding biparental progeny show evidence of extensive haplotype-biased chromosome loss, and can also include heterotypic chromosomal markers. They thus allow rationalization of chromosome "transfer" as being due to an unanticipated yet plausible mechanism. Perturbation of the unification of genomes likely contributes to infertility in other organisms.
Collapse
|
6
|
Machín F, Quevedo O, Ramos-Pérez C, García-Luis J. Cdc14 phosphatase: warning, no delay allowed for chromosome segregation! Curr Genet 2015; 62:7-13. [PMID: 26116076 PMCID: PMC4723626 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cycling events in nature start and end to restart again and again. In the cell cycle, whose purpose is to become two where there was only one, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the beginning and, therefore, phosphatases must play a role in the ending. Since CDKs are drivers of the cell cycle and cancer cells uncontrollably divide, much attention has been put into knocking down CDK activity. However, much less is known on the consequences of interfering with the phosphatases that put an end to the cell cycle. We have addressed in recent years the consequences of transiently inactivating the only master cell cycle phosphatase in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cdc14. Transient inactivation is expected to better mimic the pharmacological action of drugs. Interestingly, we have found that yeast cells tolerate badly a relatively brief inactivation of Cdc14 when cells are already committed into anaphase, the first cell cycle stage where this phosphatase plays important roles. First, we noticed that the segregation of distal regions in the chromosome arm that carries the ribosomal DNA array was irreversibly impaired, leading to an anaphase bridge (AB). Next, we found that this AB could eventually be severed by cytokinesis and led to two different types of genetically compromised daughter cells. All these previous studies were done in haploid cells. We have now recently expanded this analysis to diploid cells and used the advantage of making hybrid diploids to study chromosome rearrangements and changes in the ploidy of the surviving progeny. We have found that the consequences for the genome integrity were far more dramatic than originally envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Oliver Quevedo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Center for Chromosome Stability and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Ramos-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jonay García-Luis
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Cell Cycle Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|