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Horsthemke M, Arnaud CA, Hanley PJ. Are the class 18 myosins Myo18A and Myo18B specialist sarcomeric proteins? Front Physiol 2024; 15:1401717. [PMID: 38784114 PMCID: PMC11112018 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1401717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Initially, the two members of class 18 myosins, Myo18A and Myo18B, appeared to exhibit highly divergent functions, complicating the assignment of class-specific functions. However, the identification of a striated muscle-specific isoform of Myo18A, Myo18Aγ, suggests that class 18 myosins may have evolved to complement the functions of conventional class 2 myosins in sarcomeres. Indeed, both genes, Myo18a and Myo18b, are predominantly expressed in the heart and somites, precursors of skeletal muscle, of developing mouse embryos. Genetic deletion of either gene in mice is embryonic lethal and is associated with the disorganization of cardiac sarcomeres. Moreover, Myo18Aγ and Myo18B localize to sarcomeric A-bands, albeit the motor (head) domains of these unconventional myosins have been both deduced and biochemically demonstrated to exhibit negligible ATPase activity, a hallmark of motor proteins. Instead, Myo18Aγ and Myo18B presumably coassemble with thick filaments and provide structural integrity and/or internal resistance through interactions with F-actin and/or other proteins. In addition, Myo18Aγ and Myo18B may play distinct roles in the assembly of myofibrils, which may arise from actin stress fibers containing the α-isoform of Myo18A, Myo18Aα. The β-isoform of Myo18A, Myo18Aβ, is similar to Myo18Aα, except that it lacks the N-terminal extension, and may serve as a negative regulator through heterodimerization with either Myo18Aα or Myo18Aγ. In this review, we contend that Myo18Aγ and Myo18B are essential for myofibril structure and function in striated muscle cells, while α- and β-isoforms of Myo18A play diverse roles in nonmuscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Horsthemke
- IMM Institute for Molecular Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Charles-Adrien Arnaud
- IMM Institute for Molecular Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Science Faculty, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter J. Hanley
- IMM Institute for Molecular Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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2
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Li M, Ning Y, Tse G, Saguner AM, Wei M, Day JD, Luo G, Li G. Atrial cardiomyopathy: from cell to bedside. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3768-3784. [PMID: 35920287 PMCID: PMC9773734 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial cardiomyopathy refers to structural and electrical remodelling of the atria, which can lead to impaired mechanical function. While historical studies have implicated atrial fibrillation as the leading cause of cardioembolic stroke, atrial cardiomyopathy may be an important, underestimated contributor. To date, the relationship between atrial cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and cardioembolic stroke remains obscure. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of atrial cardiomyopathy, with a special focus on neurohormonal and inflammatory mechanisms, as well as the role of adipose tissue, especially epicardial fat in atrial remodelling. It reviews the current evidence implicating atrial cardiomyopathy as a cause of embolic stroke, with atrial fibrillation as a lagging marker of an increased thrombogenic atrial substrate. Finally, it discusses the potential of antithrombotic therapy in embolic stroke with undetermined source and appraises the available diagnostic techniques for atrial cardiomyopathy, including imaging techniques such as echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging as well as electroanatomic mapping, electrocardiogram, biomarkers, and genetic testing. More prospective studies are needed to define the relationship between atrial cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and embolic stroke and to establish a prompt diagnosis and specific treatment strategies in these patients with atrial cardiomyopathy for the secondary and even primary prevention of embolic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Stroke Centre and Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuye Ning
- Stroke Centre and Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina,Department of NeurologyShaanxi People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Gary Tse
- Kent and Medway Medical SchoolCanterburyUK,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‐Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of CardiologySecond Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ardan M. Saguner
- Arrhythmia Division, Department of Cardiology, University Heart CentreUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Meng Wei
- Stroke Centre and Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - John D. Day
- Department of CardiologySt. Mark's HospitalSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Guogang Luo
- Stroke Centre and Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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3
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Hsu NW, Chou KC, Wang YTT, Hung CL, Kuo CF, Tsai SY. Building a model for predicting metabolic syndrome using artificial intelligence based on an investigation of whole-genome sequencing. J Transl Med 2022; 20:190. [PMID: 35484552 PMCID: PMC9052619 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian system is responsible for regulating various physiological activities and behaviors and has been gaining recognition. The circadian rhythm is adjusted in a 24-h cycle and has transcriptional–translational feedback loops. When the circadian rhythm is interrupted, affecting the expression of circadian genes, the phenotypes of diseases could amplify. For example, the importance of maintaining the internal temporal homeostasis conferred by the circadian system is revealed as mutations in genes coding for core components of the clock result in diseases. This study will investigate the association between circadian genes and metabolic syndromes in a Taiwanese population. Methods We performed analysis using whole-genome sequencing, read vcf files and set target circadian genes to determine if there were variants on target genes. In this study, we have investigated genetic contribution of circadian-related diseases using population-based next generation whole genome sequencing. We also used significant SNPs to create a metabolic syndrome prediction model. Logistic regression, random forest, adaboost, and neural network were used to predict metabolic syndrome. In addition, we used random forest model variables importance matrix to select 40 more significant SNPs, which were subsequently incorporated to create new prediction models and to compare with previous models. The data was then utilized for training set and testing set using five-fold cross validation. Each model was evaluated with the following criteria: area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), precision, F1 score, and average precision (the area under the precision recall curve). Results After searching significant variants, we used Chi-Square tests to find some variants. We found 186 significant SNPs, and four predicting models which used 186 SNPs (logistic regression, random forest, adaboost and neural network), AUC were 0.68, 0.8, 0.82, 0.81 respectively. The F1 scores were 0.412, 0.078, 0.295, 0.552, respectively. The other three models which used the 40 SNPs (logistic regression, adaboost and neural network), AUC were 0.82, 0.81, 0.81 respectively. The F1 scores were 0.584, 0.395, 0.574, respectively. Conclusions Circadian gene defect may also contribute to metabolic syndrome. Our study found several related genes and building a simple model to predict metabolic syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03379-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wei Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chen Chou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tina Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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4
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Ahlberg G, Andreasen L, Ghouse J, Bertelsen L, Bundgaard H, Haunsø S, Svendsen JH, Olesen MS. Genome-wide association study identifies 18 novel loci associated with left atrial volume and function. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4523-4534. [PMID: 34338756 PMCID: PMC8633773 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Left atrial (LA) volume and function impose significant impact on cardiovascular pathogenesis if compromised. We aimed at investigating the genetic architecture of LA volume and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data. Methods and results We used the UK Biobank, which is a large prospective population study with available phenotypic and genetic data. On a subset of 35 658 European individuals, we performed genome-wide association studies on five volumetric and functional LA variables, generated using a machine learning algorithm. In total, we identified 18 novel genetic loci, mapped to genes with known roles in cardiomyopathy (e.g. MYO18B, TTN, DSP, ANKRD1) and arrhythmia (e.g. TTN, CASQ2, MYO18B, C9orf3). We observed high genetic correlation between LA volume and function and stroke, which was most pronounced for LA passive emptying fraction (rg = 0.40, P = 4 × 10−6). To investigate whether the genetic risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with LA traits that precede overt AF, we produced a polygenetic risk score for AF. We found that polygenetic risk for AF is associated with increased LA volume and decreased LA function in participants without AF [LAmax 0.25 (mL/m2)/standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.15; 0.36), P = 5.13 × 10−6; LAmin 0.21 (mL/m2)/SD, 95% CI (0.15; 0.28), P = 1.86 × 10−10; LA active emptying fraction −0.35%/SD, 95% CI (−0.43; −0.26), P = 3.14 × 10−14]. Conclusion We report on 18 genetic loci associated with LA volume and function and show evidence for several plausible candidate genes important for LA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Ahlberg
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Andreasen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ghouse
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Litten Bertelsen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Haunsø
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Svendsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S Olesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Latham SL, Weiß N, Schwanke K, Thiel C, Croucher DR, Zweigerdt R, Manstein DJ, Taft MH. Myosin-18B Regulates Higher-Order Organization of the Cardiac Sarcomere through Thin Filament Cross-Linking and Thick Filament Dynamics. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108090. [PMID: 32877672 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MYO18B loss-of-function mutations and depletion significantly compromise the structural integrity of striated muscle sarcomeres. The molecular function of the encoded protein, myosin-18B (M18B), within the developing muscle is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant M18B lacks motor ATPase activity and harbors previously uncharacterized N-terminal actin-binding domains, properties that make M18B an efficient actin cross-linker and molecular brake capable of regulating muscle myosin-2 contractile forces. Spatiotemporal analysis of M18B throughout cardiomyogenesis and myofibrillogenesis reveals that this structural myosin undergoes nuclear-cytoplasmic redistribution during myogenic differentiation, where its incorporation within muscle stress fibers coincides with actin striation onset. Furthermore, this analysis shows that M18B is directly integrated within the muscle myosin thick filament during myofibril maturation. Altogether, our data suggest that M18B has evolved specific biochemical properties that allow it to define and maintain sarcomeric organization from within the thick filament via its dual actin cross-linking and motor modulating capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharissa L Latham
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nadine Weiß
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Kristin Schwanke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Claudia Thiel
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Dietmar J Manstein
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Manuel H Taft
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.
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6
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Ouyang Z, Zhao S, Yao S, Wang J, Cui Y, Wei K, Jiu Y. Multifaceted Function of Myosin-18, an Unconventional Class of the Myosin Superfamily. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632445. [PMID: 33634131 PMCID: PMC7900500 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin is a diverse superfamily of motor proteins responsible for actin-based motility and contractility in eukaryotic cells. Myosin-18 family, including myosin-18A and myosin-18B, belongs to an unconventional class of myosin, which lacks ATPase motor activity, and the investigations on their functions and molecular mechanisms in vertebrate development and diseases have just been initiated in recent years. Myosin-18A is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, whereas myosin-18B shows strong enrichment in striated muscles. Myosin-18 family is important for cell motility, sarcomere formation, and mechanosensing, mostly by interacting with other cytoskeletal proteins and cellular apparatus. Myosin-18A participates in several intracellular transport processes, such as Golgi trafficking, and has multiple roles in focal adhesions, stress fibers, and lamellipodia formation. Myosin-18B, on the other hand, participates in actomyosin alignment and sarcomere assembly, thus relating to cell migration and muscle contractility. Mutations of either Myo18a or Myo18b cause cardiac developmental defects in mouse, emphasizing their crucial role in muscle development and cardiac diseases. In this review, we revisit the discovery history of myosin-18s and summarize the evolving understanding of the molecular functions of myosin-18A and myosin-18B, with an emphasis on their separate yet closely related functions in cell motility and contraction. Moreover, we discuss the diseases tightly associated with myosin-18s, especially cardiovascular defects and cancer, as well as highlight the unanswered questions and potential future research perspectives on myosin-18s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ouyang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Yao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin Cui
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Altuame FD, Haldeman-Englert C, Cupler E, Al Muhaizea MA, Al-Zaidan HI, Hashem M, Alkuraya FS. Further delineation of MYO18B-related autosomal recessive Klippel-Feil syndrome with myopathy and facial dysmorphism. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:370-376. [PMID: 33179433 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Klippel-Feil syndrome 4 (KFS4; MIM# 616549) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in MYO18B and comprises, in addition to Klippel-Feil anomaly (KFA), nemaline myopathy, facial dysmorphism, and short stature. We aim to outline the natural history of KFS4 and provide an updated description of its clinical, radiological, laboratory, and molecular findings. We comprehensively analyzed the medical records of 6 Saudi and 1 American patients (including 5 previously unpublished cases) with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of KFS4. All patients had myopathy of varying severity that followed a slowly progressive or non-progressive course, affecting primarily the proximal musculature of the lower limb although hand involvement with distal arthrogryposis and abnormal interphalangeal creases was also observed. KFA and characteristic dysmorphic features, including ptosis and bulbous nose, were observed in all but two patients. The causal MYO18B variants were a founder NM_032608.5:c.6905C>A; p.(Ser2302*) variant in the Saudi patients (P1-P6) and a novel MYO18B homozygous variant (c.6660_6670del;p.[Arg2220Serfs*74]) in the American Caucasian patient (P7). We report the phenotypic and genetic findings in seven patients with KFS4. We describe the natural history of this disease, confirm myopathy as a universal feature and describe its pattern and progression, and note interesting differences between the phenotypes observed in patients with KFA and those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadie D Altuame
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chad Haldeman-Englert
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mission Fullerton Genetics Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward Cupler
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Al Muhaizea
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad I Al-Zaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Mead AF, Kennedy GG, Palmer BM, Ebert AM, Warshaw DM. Mechanical Characteristics of Ultrafast Zebrafish Larval Swimming Muscles. Biophys J 2020; 119:806-820. [PMID: 32755560 PMCID: PMC7451861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) swim within days of fertilization, powered by muscles of the axial myotomes. Forces generated by these muscles can be measured rapidly in whole, intact larval tails by adapting protocols developed for ex vivo muscle mechanics. But it is not known how well these measurements reflect the function of the underlying muscle fibers and sarcomeres. Here, we consider the anatomy of the 5-day-old, wild-type larval tail, and implement technical modifications to measuring muscle physiology in intact tails. Specifically, we quantify fundamental relationships between force, length, and shortening velocity, and capture the extreme contractile speeds required to swim with tail-beat frequencies of 80-100 Hz. Therefore, we analyze 1000 frames/s videos to track the movement of structures, visible in the transparent tail, which correlate with sarcomere length. We also characterize the passive viscoelastic properties of the preparation to isolate forces contributed by nonmuscle structures within the tail. Myotomal muscles generate more than 95% of their maximal isometric stress (76 ± 3 mN/mm2) over the range of muscle lengths used in vivo. They have rapid twitch kinetics (full width at half-maximal stress: 11 ± 1 ms) and a high twitch/tetanus ratio (0.91 ± 0.05), indicating adaptations for fast excitation-contraction coupling. Although contractile stress is relatively low, myotomal muscles develop high net power (134 ± 20 W/kg at 80 Hz) in cyclical work loop experiments designed to simulate the in vivo dynamics of muscle fibers during swimming. When shortening at a constant speed of 7 ± 1 muscle lengths/s, muscles develop 86 ± 2% of isometric stress, whereas peak instantaneous power during 100 Hz work loops occurs at 18 ± 2 muscle lengths/s. These approaches can improve the usefulness of zebrafish as a model system for muscle research by providing a rapid and sensitive functional readout for experimental interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Mead
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Guy G Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; Instrumentation and Model Facility, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Bradley M Palmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Alicia M Ebert
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David M Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
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9
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Brunet T, Westphal DS, Weber S, Juenger H, Vlaho S, Hoefele J, Meitinger T, Rieger-Fackeldey E, Wagner M. A novel pathogenic variant in MYO18B associating early-onset muscular hypotonia, and characteristic dysmorphic features, delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of MYO18B-related conditions. Gene 2020; 742:144542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Abstract
Sarcopenia – the accelerated age-related loss of muscle mass and function – is an under-diagnosed condition, and is central to deteriorating mobility, disability and frailty in older age. There is a lack of treatment options for older adults at risk of sarcopenia. Although sarcopenia's pathogenesis is multifactorial, its major phenotypes – muscle mass and muscle strength – are highly heritable. Several genome-wide association studies of muscle-related traits were published recently, providing dozens of candidate genes, many with unknown function. Therefore, animal models are required not only to identify causal mechanisms, but also to clarify the underlying biology and translate this knowledge into new interventions. Over the past several decades, small teleost fishes had emerged as powerful systems for modeling the genetics of human diseases. Owing to their amenability to rapid genetic intervention and the large number of conserved genetic and physiological features, small teleosts – such as zebrafish, medaka and killifish – have become indispensable for skeletal muscle genomic studies. The goal of this Review is to summarize evidence supporting the utility of small fish models for accelerating our understanding of human skeletal muscle in health and disease. We do this by providing a basic foundation of the (zebra)fish skeletal muscle morphology and physiology, and evidence of muscle-related gene homology. We also outline challenges in interpreting zebrafish mutant phenotypes and in translating them to human disease. Finally, we conclude with recommendations on future directions to leverage the large body of tools developed in small fish for the needs of genomic exploration in sarcopenia. Summary: Zebrafish and other small fish have become powerful disease models. Here, we summarize the evidence for the utility of small teleost models for genetic research in sarcopenia – the age-related loss of muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Daya
- The Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret 40297, Israel
| | - Rajashekar Donaka
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 130010, Israel
| | - David Karasik
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 130010, Israel .,Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA 02131, USA
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11
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Zhao S, Shi X, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Cai J, Gao W, Xu J, Zheng Y, Ji B, Cui Y, Shi K, Liu Y, Li H, Jiu Y. Myosin-18B Promotes Mechanosensitive CaMKK2-AMPK-VASP Regulation of Contractile Actin Stress Fibers. iScience 2020; 23:100975. [PMID: 32222698 PMCID: PMC7109629 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin stress fibers guide cell migration and morphogenesis. During centripetal flow, actin transverse arcs fuse accompanied by the formation of myosin II stacks to generate mechanosensitive actomyosin bundles. However, whether myosin II stack formation plays a role in cell mechano-sensing has remained elusive. Myosin-18B is a “glue” molecule for assembling myosin II stacks. By examining actin networks and traction forces, we find that cells abolishing myosin-18B resemble Ca2+∕calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)-defective cells. Inhibition of CaMKK2 activity reverses the strong actin network to thin filaments in myosin-18B-overexpressing cells. Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is able to relieve the thin stress fibers by myosin-18B knockout. Importantly, lack of myosin-18B compromises AMPK-vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and RhoA-myosin signaling, thereby leading to defective persistent migration, which can be rescued only by full-length and C-extension-less myosin-18B. Together, these results reveal a critical role of myosin-18B in the mechanosensitive regulation of migrating cells. Myosin-18B knockout cells resemble cells dampening mechano-sensing signaling pathway Myosin-18B depletion decreases the phosphorylation level of AMPK-VASP and MLC Myosin-18B knockout cells show compromised persistent migration The N-extension and coiled-coil domain of myosin-18B is indispensable in cell migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhao
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuemeng Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeyu Wen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinping Cai
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Gao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yifei Zheng
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanqin Cui
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kun Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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13
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Abstract
Class XVIII myosins represent a branch of the myosin family tree characterized by the presence of large N- and C-terminal extensions flanking a generic myosin core. These myosins display the highest sequence similarity to conventional class II muscle myosins and are compatible with but not restricted to myosin-2 contractile structures. Instead, they fulfill their functions at diverse localities, such as lamella, actomyosin bundles, the Golgi apparatus, focal adhesions, the cell membrane, and within sarcomeres. Sequence comparison of active-site residues and biochemical data available thus far indicate that this myosin class lacks active ATPase-driven motor activity, suggesting that its members function as structural myosins. An emerging body of evidence indicates that this structural capability is essential for the organization, maturation, and regulation of the contractile machinery in both muscle and nonmuscle cells. This is supported by the clear association of myosin-18A (Myo18A) and myosin-18B (Myo18B) dysregulation with diseases such as cancer and various myopathies.
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14
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Li S, Wen H, Du S. Defective sarcomere organization and reduced larval locomotion and fish survival in slow muscle heavy chain 1 (smyhc1) mutants. FASEB J 2020; 34:1378-1397. [PMID: 31914689 PMCID: PMC6956737 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900935rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish skeletal muscles are broadly divided into slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers. The slow fibers, which express a slow fiber-specific myosin heavy chain 1 (Smyhc1), are the first group of muscle fibers formed during myogenesis. To uncover Smyhc1 function in muscle growth, we generated three mutant alleles with reading frame shift mutations in the zebrafish smyhc1 gene using CRISPR. The mutants showed shortened sarcomeres with no thick filaments and M-lines in slow fibers of the mutant embryos. However, the formation of slow muscle precursors and expression of other slow muscle genes were not affected and fast muscles appeared normal. The smyhc1 mutant embryos and larvae showed reduced locomotion and food intake. The mutant larvae exhibited increased lethality of incomplete penetrance. Approximately 2/5 of the homozygous mutants were viable and grew into reproductive adults. These adult mutants displayed a typical pattern of slow and fast muscle fiber distribution, and regained normal slow muscle formation. Together, our studies indicate that Smyhc1 is essential for myogenesis in embryonic slow muscles, and loss of Smyhc1 results in defective sarcomere assembly, reduces larval motility and fish survival, but has no visible impact on muscle growth in juvenile and adult zebrafish that escape the larval lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siping Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fishery College of Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fishery College of Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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15
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Tang X, Wang J, Zhou S, Zhou J, Jia G, Wang H, Xin C, Fu G, Zhang J. miR‑760 regulates skeletal muscle proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting Myo18b. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4843-4854. [PMID: 31661144 PMCID: PMC6854551 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs serve an important role in the development of several diseases. Numerous genes regulate the skeletal muscle differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. The role of miR-760 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been reported, to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the role of miR-760 in regulating skeletal muscle proliferation in RA. Potential genes functionally involved in the tarsal joint of a collagen-induced RA model were identified using Gene Expression Omnibus. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels. The proliferation, cell cycle progression and migration of C2C12 myoblasts were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and wound-healing assays, respectively. TargetScan was used to predict the potential target genes of miR-760, and this was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. In the present study, myosin-18b (Myo18b) expression was determined to be downregulated in the RA model. Silencing Myo18b decreased the proliferation, abrogated the cell cycle progression, and reduced the migration and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, myogenin and myosin heavy chain 6 were all decreased when Myo18b was silenced. Furthermore, overexpression of Myo18b induced opposing effects on C2C12 myoblasts. It was shown that Myo18b was a target gene of miRNA-760. Overexpression of miR-760 decreased proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration and differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts, and decreased the expression of Myo18b. The opposite results were observed when miR-760 was downregulated. In conclusion, miR-760 inhibited proliferation and differentiation by targeting Myo18b in C2C12 myoblasts. The results of the present study may contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying RA skeletal muscle proliferation, and miR-760/Myo18b may serve as potential targets for treating patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Tang
- Department of Osteoarthritis, Jining No. 2 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272049, P.R. China
| | - Jiuxia Wang
- Department of Bone Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Guyou Jia
- Department of Osteoarthritis, Jining No. 2 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272049, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Osteoarthritis, Jining No. 2 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272049, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Xin
- Department of Hematology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Guoning Fu
- Department of Hematology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jiahong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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16
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Sewry CA, Laitila JM, Wallgren-Pettersson C. Nemaline myopathies: a current view. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:111-126. [PMID: 31228046 PMCID: PMC6726674 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nemaline myopathies are a heterogenous group of congenital myopathies caused by de novo, dominantly or recessively inherited mutations in at least twelve genes. The genes encoding skeletal α-actin (ACTA1) and nebulin (NEB) are the commonest genetic cause. Most patients have congenital onset characterized by muscle weakness and hypotonia, but the spectrum of clinical phenotypes is broad, ranging from severe neonatal presentations to onset of a milder disorder in childhood. Most patients with adult onset have an autoimmune-related myopathy with a progressive course. The wide application of massively parallel sequencing methods is increasing the number of known causative genes and broadening the range of clinical phenotypes. Nemaline myopathies are identified by the presence of structures that are rod-like or ovoid in shape with electron microscopy, and with light microscopy stain red with the modified Gömöri trichrome technique. These rods or nemaline bodies are derived from Z lines (also known as Z discs or Z disks) and have a similar lattice structure and protein content. Their shape in patients with mutations in KLHL40 and LMOD3 is distinctive and can be useful for diagnosis. The number and distribution of nemaline bodies varies between fibres and different muscles but does not correlate with severity or prognosis. Additional pathological features such as caps, cores and fibre type disproportion are associated with the same genes as those known to cause the presence of rods. Animal models are advancing the understanding of the effects of various mutations in different genes and paving the way for the development of therapies, which at present only manage symptoms and are aimed at maintaining muscle strength, joint mobility, ambulation, respiration and independence in the activities of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. .,Wolfson Centre of Inherited Neuromuscular Disorders, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK.
| | - Jenni M Laitila
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carina Wallgren-Pettersson
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Salimova E, Nowak KJ, Estrada AC, Furtado MB, McNamara E, Nguyen Q, Balmer L, Preuss C, Holmes JW, Ramialison M, Morahan G, Rosenthal NA. Variable outcomes of human heart attack recapitulated in genetically diverse mice. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:5. [PMID: 30854227 PMCID: PMC6399323 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical variation in patient responses to myocardial infarction (MI) has been difficult to model in laboratory animals. To assess the genetic basis of variation in outcomes after heart attack, we characterized responses to acute MI in the Collaborative Cross (CC), a multi-parental panel of genetically diverse mouse strains. Striking differences in post-MI functional, morphological, and myocardial scar features were detected across 32 CC founder and recombinant inbred strains. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a plausible link between increased intrinsic cardiac oxidative phosphorylation levels and MI-induced heart failure. The emergence of significant quantitative trait loci for several post-MI traits indicates that utilizing CC strains is a valid approach for gene network discovery in cardiovascular disease, enabling more accurate clinical risk assessment and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Salimova
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Kristen J. Nowak
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Division of Public and Aboriginal Health, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA Australia
| | - Ana C. Estrada
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Milena B. Furtado
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - Elyshia McNamara
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Quang Nguyen
- QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Christoph Preuss
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Holmes
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Nadia A. Rosenthal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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18
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Jiu Y, Kumari R, Fenix AM, Schaible N, Liu X, Varjosalo M, Krishnan R, Burnette DT, Lappalainen P. Myosin-18B Promotes the Assembly of Myosin II Stacks for Maturation of Contractile Actomyosin Bundles. Curr Biol 2018; 29:81-92.e5. [PMID: 30581023 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion, morphogenesis, mechanosensing, and muscle contraction rely on contractile actomyosin bundles, where the force is produced through sliding of bipolar myosin II filaments along actin filaments. The assembly of contractile actomyosin bundles involves registered alignment of myosin II filaments and their subsequent fusion into large stacks. However, mechanisms underlying the assembly of myosin II stacks and their physiological functions have remained elusive. Here, we identified myosin-18B, an unconventional myosin, as a stable component of contractile stress fibers. Myosin-18B co-localized with myosin II motor domains in stress fibers and was enriched at the ends of myosin II stacks. Importantly, myosin-18B deletion resulted in drastic defects in the concatenation and persistent association of myosin II filaments with each other and thus led to severely impaired assembly of myosin II stacks. Consequently, lack of myosin-18B resulted in defective maturation of actomyosin bundles from their precursors in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, myosin-18B knockout cells displayed abnormal morphogenesis, migration, and ability to exert forces to the environment. These results reveal a critical role for myosin-18B in myosin II stack assembly and provide evidence that myosin II stacks are important for a variety of vital processes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Jiu
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Reena Kumari
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aidan M Fenix
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Niccole Schaible
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dylan T Burnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Cai M, Si Y, Zhang J, Tian Z, Du S. Zebrafish Embryonic Slow Muscle Is a Rapid System for Genetic Analysis of Sarcomere Organization by CRISPR/Cas9, but Not NgAgo. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:168-181. [PMID: 29374849 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryonic slow muscle cells, with their superficial localization and clear sarcomere organization, provide a useful model system for genetic analysis of muscle cell differentiation and sarcomere assembly. To develop a quick assay for testing CRISPR-mediated gene editing in slow muscles of zebrafish embryos, we targeted a red fluorescence protein (RFP) reporter gene specifically expressed in slow muscles of myomesin-3-RFP (Myom3-RFP) zebrafish embryos. We demonstrated that microinjection of RFP-sgRNA with Cas9 protein or Cas9 mRNA resulted in a mosaic pattern in loss of RFP expression in slow muscle fibers of the injected zebrafish embryos. To uncover gene functions in sarcomere organization, we targeted two endogenous genes, slow myosin heavy chain-1 (smyhc1) and heat shock protein 90 α1 (hsp90α1), which are specifically expressed in zebrafish muscle cells. We demonstrated that injection of Cas9 protein or mRNA with respective sgRNAs targeted to smyhc1 or hsp90a1 resulted in a mosaic pattern of myosin thick filament disruption in slow myofibers of the injected zebrafish embryos. Moreover, Myom3-RFP expression and M-line localization were also abolished in these defective myofibers. Given that zebrafish embryonic slow muscles are a rapid in vivo system for testing genome editing and uncovering gene functions in muscle cell differentiation, we investigated whether microinjection of Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute (NgAgo) system could induce genetic mutations and muscle defects in zebrafish embryos. Single-strand guide DNAs targeted to RFP, Smyhc1, or Hsp90α1 were injected with NgAgo mRNA into Myom3-RFP zebrafish embryos. Myom3-RFP expression was analyzed in the injected embryos. The results showed that, in contrast to the CRISPR/Cas9 system, injection of the NgAgo-gDNA system did not affect Myom3-RFP expression and sarcomere organization in myofibers of the injected embryos. Sequence analysis failed to detect genetic mutations at the target genes. Together, our studies demonstrate that zebrafish embryonic slow muscle is a rapid model for testing gene editing technologies in vivo and uncovering gene functions in muscle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 701 E. Pratt St, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Yufeng Si
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 701 E. Pratt St, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Hunan, 250014, China.
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 701 E. Pratt St, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Hunan, 250014, China.
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20
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Congenital myopathies: disorders of excitation-contraction coupling and muscle contraction. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14:151-167. [PMID: 29391587 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies are a group of early-onset, non-dystrophic neuromuscular conditions with characteristic muscle biopsy findings, variable severity and a stable or slowly progressive course. Pronounced weakness in axial and proximal muscle groups is a common feature, and involvement of extraocular, cardiorespiratory and/or distal muscles can implicate specific genetic defects. Central core disease (CCD), multi-minicore disease (MmD), centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and nemaline myopathy were among the first congenital myopathies to be reported, and they still represent the main diagnostic categories. However, these entities seem to belong to a much wider phenotypic spectrum. To date, congenital myopathies have been attributed to mutations in over 20 genes, which encode proteins implicated in skeletal muscle Ca2+ homeostasis, excitation-contraction coupling, thin-thick filament assembly and interactions, and other mechanisms. RYR1 mutations are the most frequent genetic cause, and CCD and MmD are the most common subgroups. Next-generation sequencing has vastly improved mutation detection and has enabled the identification of novel genetic backgrounds. At present, management of congenital myopathies is largely supportive, although new therapeutic approaches are reaching the clinical trial stage.
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21
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Armes JE, Williams M, Price G, Wallis T, Gallagher R, Matsika A, Joy C, Galea M, Gardener G, Leach R, Swagemakers SM, Tearle R, Stubbs A, Harraway J, van der Spek PJ, Venter DJ. Application of Whole Genome Sequencing Technology in the Investigation of Genetic Causes of Fetal, Perinatal, and Early Infant Death. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2018. [PMID: 28641477 DOI: 10.1177/1093526617715528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Death in the fetal, perinatal, and early infant age-group has a multitude of causes, a proportion of which is presumed to be genetic. Defining a specific genetic aberration leading to the death is problematic at this young age, due to limited phenotype-genotype correlation inherent in the underdeveloped phenotype, the inability to assess certain phenotypic traits after death, and the problems of dealing with rare disorders. In this study, our aim was to increase the yield of identification of a defined genetic cause of an early death. Therefore, we employed whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic filtering techniques as a comprehensive, unbiased genetic investigation into 16 fetal, perinatal, and early infant deaths, which had undergone a full autopsy. A likely genetic cause was identified in two cases (in genes; COL2A1 and RYR1) and a speculative genetic cause in a further six cases (in genes: ARHGAP35, BBS7, CASZ1, CRIM1, DHCR7, HADHB, HAPLN3, HSPG2, MYO18B, and SRGAP2). This investigation indicates that whole genome sequencing is a significantly enabling technology when determining genetic causes of early death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Armes
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,2 Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,3 School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Williams
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,2 Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gareth Price
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tristan Wallis
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Renee Gallagher
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Admire Matsika
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Joy
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Galea
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenn Gardener
- 2 Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,4 Centre for Maternal Fetal Medicine, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rick Leach
- 5 Complete Genomics Inc, Mountain View, California
| | | | - Rick Tearle
- 5 Complete Genomics Inc, Mountain View, California.,7 Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Stubbs
- 6 Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Harraway
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- 6 Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,8 Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deon J Venter
- 1 Department of Pathology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,2 Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,3 School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Abbott M, Jain M, Pferdehirt R, Chen Y, Tran A, Duz MB, Seven M, Gibbs RA, Muzny D, Lee B, Marom R, Burrage LC. Neonatal fractures as a presenting feature of LMOD3-associated congenital myopathy. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2789-2794. [PMID: 28815944 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy is a rare inherited disorder characterized by weakness, hypotonia, and depressed deep tendon reflexes. It is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with the most severe phenotype presenting as perinatal akinesia, severe muscle weakness, feeding difficulties and respiratory failure, leading to early mortality. Pathogenic variants in 12 genes, encoding components of the sarcomere or factors related to myogenesis, have been reported in patients affected with the disorder. Here, we describe an early, lethal presentation of decreased fetal movements, hypotonia, muscle weakness, and neonatal respiratory failure requiring ventilator support in three siblings from a consanguineous family. All exhibited perinatal fractures, and thus, a skeletal dysplasia was considered as possibly contributing to the phenotype. However, whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous, loss-of-function pathogenic variant in LMOD3, which has recently been associated with nemaline myopathy and, in a subset of patients, perinatal fractures. This case demonstrates the importance of considering congenital neuromuscular disorders in the differential diagnosis of perinatal fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Abbott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Pferdehirt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alyssa Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mehmet B Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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