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Kadadou D, Tizani L, Alsafar H, Hasan SW. Analytical methods for determining environmental contaminants of concern in water and wastewater. MethodsX 2024; 12:102582. [PMID: 38357632 PMCID: PMC10864661 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Control and prevention of environmental pollution have emerged as paramount global concerns. Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal, introduce a wide range of contaminants into various ecosystems. These pollutants encompass organic and inorganic compounds, particulates, microorganisms, and disinfection by-products, posing severe threats to human health, ecosystems, and the environment. Effective monitoring methods are indispensable for assessing environmental quality, identifying pollution sources, and implementing remedial measures. This paper suggests that the development and utilization of highly advanced analytical tools are both essential for the analysis of contaminants in water samples, presenting a foundational hypothesis for the review. This paper comprehensively reviews the development and utilization of highly advanced analytical tools which is mandatory for the analysis of contaminants in water samples. Depending on the specific pollutants being studied, the choice of analytical methods widely varies. It also reveals insights into the diverse applications and effectiveness of these methods in assessing water quality and contaminant levels. By emphasizing the critical role of the reviewed monitoring methods, this review seeks to deepen the understanding of pollution challenges and inspire innovative monitoring solutions that contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable global environment.•Urgent global concerns: control and prevention of pollution from diverse sources.•Varied contaminants, diverse methods: comprehensive review of analytical tools.•Inspiring a sustainable future: innovative monitoring for a cleaner environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kadadou
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina Tizani
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Bio-research Center, Ministry of Interior, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shadi W. Hasan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Geana EI, Baracu AM, Stoian MC, Brincoveanu O, Pachiu C, Dinu LA. Hybrid nanomaterial-based indirect electrochemical sensing of glyphosate in surface water: a promising approach for environmental monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:2057-2066. [PMID: 37870161 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00355h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY), a widely utilized pesticide, poses a significant threat to human health even at minute concentrations. In this study, we propose an innovative electrochemical sensor for the indirect detection of GLY in surface water samples. The sensor incorporates a nanohybrid material composed of multi-layer graphene decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), synthesized in a single-step electrochemical process. To ensure portability and on-site measurements, the sensor is developed on a screen-printed electrode, chosen for its integration and miniaturization capabilities. The proposed sensor demonstrates remarkable sensitivity and selectivity for GLY detection in surface water samples, with an exceptional limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 parts per billion (ppb) in both buffer and surface water matrices. Moreover, it exhibits a remarkably high sensitivity of 0.15 μA ppb-1. This electrochemical sensor offers a promising approach for accurate GLY monitoring, addressing the urgent need for reliable pesticide detection in environmental samples. The proposed sensor showed high selectivity towards GLY, when analysed in the presence of other pesticides such as phosmet, chlorpyrifos and glufosinate-ammonium. The recovery percentages of GLY from spiked surface water samples were between 93.8 and 98.9%. The study's broader implications extend to revolutionizing the way environmental chemistry addresses pesticide contamination, water quality assessment, and sustainable management of environmental pollutants. By pushing the boundaries of detection capabilities and offering practical solutions, this research contributes to the advancement of knowledge and practices that are essential for preserving and protecting our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeta-Irina Geana
- National Institute for Research and Development for Isotopic and Cryogenic Technologies, 4th Uzinei Street 240002, Râmnicu-Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Angela Mihaela Baracu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Marius C Stoian
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Oana Brincoveanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Cristina Pachiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Livia Alexandra Dinu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania.
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Moldovan H, Imre S, Duca RC, Farczádi L. Methods and Strategies for Biomonitoring in Occupational Exposure to Plant Protection Products Containing Glyphosate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3314. [PMID: 36834010 PMCID: PMC9960360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, and the ever growing reliance on its use in agriculture, has been a point of contention for many years. There have been debates regarding the risk and safety of using glyphosate-based herbicides as well as the effects of occupational, accidental, or systematic. Although there have been a number of studies conducted, the biomonitoring of glyphosate poses a series of challenges. Researchers attempting to determine the occupational exposure face questions regarding the most appropriate analytical techniques and sampling procedures. The present review aims to summarize and synthetize the analytical methodologies available and suitable for the purpose of glyphosate biomonitoring studies as well as discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each analytical technique, from the most modern to more well-established and older ones. The most relevant publications that have described analytical methods and published within the last 12 years were studied. Methods were compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each methods were discussed. A total of 35 manuscripts describing analytical methods for glyphosate determination were summarized and discussed, with the most relevant one being compared. For methods that were not intended for biological samples, we discussed if they could be used for biomonitoring and approaches to adapt these methods for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horațiu Moldovan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Silvia Imre
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureş, Romania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environmental Hygiene and Biological Monitoring Unit, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Lénárd Farczádi
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureş, Romania
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The Current Status of Analytical Methods Applied to the Determination of Polar Pesticides in Food of Animal Origin: A Brief Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101527. [PMID: 35627095 PMCID: PMC9141992 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high polar pesticides such as glyphosate and metabolites has increased due to their low cost, low persistence in the environment and high effectiveness. The use of glyphosate is currently permitted in the European Union until 15 December 2022. However, the possible toxic effects on human health and the environment are under debate. Their widespread application on various crops might lead to residues in food intended for animal consumption. For this reason, the Commission, implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/601, recommends the analyses of polar pesticides, not only in matrices of plant origin, but also in those of animal origin such as fat, liver, milk and eggs throughout the years 2022, 2023 and 2024. The determination of polar pesticides is hampered by their chemical nature, which poses challenges both in the instrumental detection (poor column retention, low molecular weight MS/MS fragments, etc.) and in the management of matrix effects, which may vary significantly from matrix to matrix within the same food commodity group. For these reasons, nowadays, there is a limited number of methods for the detection of polar pesticides in food of animal origin. This brief review discusses the different approaches for the simultaneous determination of polar pesticides in food of animal origin using both chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques.
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Soares D, Silva L, Duarte S, Pena A, Pereira A. Glyphosate Use, Toxicity and Occurrence in Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112785. [PMID: 34829065 PMCID: PMC8622992 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a systemic, broad-spectrum and post-emergent herbicide. The use of glyphosate has grown in the last decades, and it is currently the most used herbicide worldwide. The rise of glyphosate consumption over the years also brought an increased concern about its possible toxicity and consequences for human health. However, a scientific community consensus does not exist at the present time, and glyphosate’s safety and health consequences are controversial. Since glyphosate is mainly applied in fields and can persist several months in the soil, concerns have been raised about the impact that its presence in food can cause in humans. Therefore, this work aims to review the glyphosate use, toxicity and occurrence in diverse food samples, which, in certain cases, occurs at violative levels. The incidence of glyphosate at levels above those legally allowed and the suspected toxic effects of this compound raise awareness regarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Soares
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Liliana Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Sofia Duarte
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
- Vasco da Gama Research Center, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelina Pena
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - André Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Castrejón-Godínez ML, Tovar-Sánchez E, Valencia-Cuevas L, Rosas-Ramírez ME, Rodríguez A, Mussali-Galante P. Glyphosate Pollution Treatment and Microbial Degradation Alternatives, a Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2322. [PMID: 34835448 PMCID: PMC8625783 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide extensively used worldwide to eliminate weeds in agricultural areas. Since its market introduction in the 70's, the levels of glyphosate agricultural use have increased, mainly due to the introduction of glyphosate-resistant transgenic crops in the 90's. Glyphosate presence in the environment causes pollution, and recent findings have proposed that glyphosate exposure causes adverse effects in different organisms, including humans. In 2015, glyphosate was classified as a probable carcinogen chemical, and several other human health effects have been documented since. Environmental pollution and human health threats derived from glyphosate intensive use require the development of alternatives for its elimination and proper treatment. Bioremediation has been proposed as a suitable alternative for the treatment of glyphosate-related pollution, and several microorganisms have great potential for the biodegradation of this herbicide. The present review highlights the environmental and human health impacts related to glyphosate pollution, the proposed alternatives for its elimination through physicochemical and biological approaches, and recent studies related to glyphosate biodegradation by bacteria and fungi are also reviewed. Microbial remediation strategies have great potential for glyphosate elimination, however, additional studies are needed to characterize the mechanisms employed by the microorganisms to counteract the adverse effects generated by the glyphosate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (E.T.-S.); (L.V.-C.)
| | - Leticia Valencia-Cuevas
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (E.T.-S.); (L.V.-C.)
| | | | - Alexis Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico;
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Kim L, Baek S, Son K, Lee HD, Choi DS, Kim CJ, Noh HH. Effective and rugged analysis of glyphosate, glufosinate, and metabolites in Tenebrio molitor larva (mealworms) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17597. [PMID: 34475419 PMCID: PMC8413439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenebrio molitor larva (mealworms) has recently attracted attention as a protein source for food and feed. The larva is generally fed with wheat bran, which can be possibly contaminated with glyphosate. To establish food safe standards, a rugged and effective analytical method for glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, glufosinate, and their metabolites including 3-methylphosphinico-propionic acid, and N-acetyl glufosinate, in mealworms was optimized using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An anionic polar pesticide column was used due to its high suitability for glyphosate. Acidified water and acetonitrile were used to extract the target compounds without contribution from various fatty and pigment interferences derived from brownish insects. Seven different clean-up procedures ((1) 50 mg C18 (2) 20 mg C18/Z-sep (3) PRiME hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridge (4) 75 mg Z-sep, (5) 75 mg Z-sep+, (6) EMR-lipid cartridge, and (7) 50 mg ENVI-Carb) were compared. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, PRiME HLB was selected for clean-up. The recoveries of the target compounds were ranged from 86 to 96% with < 20% relative standard deviations. Therefore, this simple and effective method can be applied for the two pesticides and their metabolites in other edible insects or high-fat matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leesun Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujn Baek
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Son
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Lee
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Soon Choi
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jo Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Pires NL, Passos CJS, Morgado MGA, Mello DC, Infante CMC, Caldas ED. Determination of glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection in waters of the Santarém Plateau, Brazilian Amazon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:794-802. [PMID: 32586204 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1784668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide use, mainly glyphosate, has been intense in worldwide agriculture, including in the Brazilian Amazon region. This study aimed to validate a method for determining glyphosate and its degradation product, AMPA, and glufosinate by HPLC-FL in 58 water samples collected at the Santarém plateau region (Planalto Santareno), in the western of Pará state, Brazil. The method involves filtration and direct injection in the HPLC-FL for AMPA analysis, or previous concentration (10×) by lyophilization for glufosinate and glyphosate analysis. Analytes were oxidized and complexed with o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol in a post-column reaction before fluorescence detection. LOQs for AMPA, glyphosate and glufosinate were established at 0.5, 0.2 and 0.3 μg L-1, respectively. A total of 58 samples were collected. Glyphosate and glufosinate were not detected in any of the 30 surface water samples collected in 2015 (
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara L Pires
- Faculty UnB Planaltina, University of Brasilia, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Moema G A Morgado
- Center for Sustainable Development, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Denise C Mello
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa D Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Wumbei A, Goeteyn L, Lopez E, Houbraken M, Spanoghe P. Glyphosate in yam from Ghana. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2019; 12:231-235. [PMID: 31046629 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1609098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is used in Ghana on many crops including yam. There is the suspicion that there could be residue problems in the yam crop. Glyphosate as a polar compound is noted for its difficulty to be analysed in biological matrices. In this study, the method for glyphosate analysis based on FMOC-Cl derivatization was modified with a clean-up (CH2Cl2) step and validated to analyse glyphosate in yam by LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the validated method was efficient for the analysis of glyphosate in yam, with recoveries of 34%, linearity of 0.997, RSD of 7%, LOD of 0.04 mg kg-1, and LOQ of 0.12 mg kg-1. Out of 68 samples analysed from a field experiment and from markets, glyphosate was detected in 14 samples, but at levels below the LOQ. It is concluded that the yam contained glyphosate residues at very low levels which may not pose threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abukari Wumbei
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Consultancy Services, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Liliane Goeteyn
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edelbis Lopez
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Crop Protection, Sancti Spiritus University, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
| | - Michael Houbraken
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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