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Sánchez MB, Michel Lara MC, Neira FJ, Rodríguez-Camejo C, Ríos JM, Viruel LB, Moreno-Sosa MT, Pietrobon EO, Soaje M, Jahn GA, Hernández A, Valdez SR, Mackern-Oberti JP. Hyperthyroidism keeps immunoglobulin levels but reduces milk fat and CD11b/c + cells on early lactation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 594:112370. [PMID: 39276963 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones influence mammary gland differentiation and lactation by binding to thyroid hormone receptors. Hyperthyroidism disrupts pregnancy and lactation, affecting offspring growth and milk production. Despite maternal milk is a vital source of bioactive compounds and nutrients for newborns, it is unclear whether hyperthyroidism alters its composition, mainly immune factors. Therefore, our work aimed to evaluate the influence of hyperthyroidism on milk quality and immunological parameters during early lactation. Twelve-week-old female Wistar rats received daily injections of 0,25 mg/kg T4 (HyperT, n = 20) or vehicle (control, n = 19) starting 8 days before mating and continuing throughout pregnancy. Rats were euthanized on day 2 of lactation for analyzing the impact of hyperthyroidism on mammary gland, serum and milk samples. HyperT pups exhibited reduced weight, length and head circumference with altered serum hormones, glucose and albumin levels. HyperT mammary gland analysis revealed structural changes, including decreased alveolar area, adipose tissue, increased connective tissue and reduced epithelial elongation, accompanied by decreased TRβ1 RNA expression. HyperT milk displayed lower caloric value and fat concentration. HyperT animals exhibited altered milk immune cell counts, displaying increased numbers of CD45+ and CD3+ cells and decreased CD11b/c+ cells without changes on milk and serum IgA, IgG and IgG2a levels. In summary, we have demonstrated that hyperthyroidism affects mammary gland morphology, disrupts pup development and alters biochemical and immunological parameters. Our findings highlight the impact of maternal hyperthyroidism on offspring early development and milk immune composition, underscoring the importance of thyroid function in maternal and neonatal immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Sánchez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Michel Lara
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Flavia Judith Neira
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Kinesiología y Fisioterapia, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Claudio Rodríguez-Camejo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Manuel Ríos
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Luciana Belén Viruel
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Tamara Moreno-Sosa
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Elisa Olivia Pietrobon
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marta Soaje
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Graciela Alma Jahn
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Susana Ruth Valdez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Rajan A, Fame RM. Brain development and bioenergetic changes. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106550. [PMID: 38849103 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetics describe the biochemical processes responsible for energy supply in organisms. When these changes become dysregulated in brain development, multiple neurodevelopmental diseases can occur, implicating bioenergetics as key regulators of neural development. Historically, the discovery of disease processes affecting individual stages of brain development has revealed critical roles that bioenergetics play in generating the nervous system. Bioenergetic-dependent neurodevelopmental disorders include neural tube closure defects, microcephaly, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, mTORopathies, and oncogenic processes. Developmental timing and cell-type specificity of these changes determine the long-term effects of bioenergetic disease mechanisms on brain form and function. Here, we discuss key metabolic regulators of neural progenitor specification, neuronal differentiation (neurogenesis), and gliogenesis. In general, transitions between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are regulated in early brain development and in oncogenesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial maturity play key roles later in differentiation. We also discuss how bioenergetics interface with the developmental regulation of other key neural elements, including the cerebrospinal fluid brain environment. While questions remain about the interplay between bioenergetics and brain development, this review integrates the current state of known key intersections between these processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Rajan
- Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Pollack R, Oboli VN, Poudel A. Maternal Graves Disease and Neonatal Thyroid Disease. Neoreviews 2024; 25:e447-e451. [PMID: 38945965 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-7-e447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pollack
- Department of Pediatrics/NICU, NYC Health and Hospitals/Lincoln-Weill-Cornell Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Victor N Oboli
- Department of Pediatrics/NICU, NYC Health and Hospitals/Lincoln-Weill-Cornell Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Arisa Poudel
- Department of Pediatrics/NICU, NYC Health and Hospitals/Lincoln-Weill-Cornell Medical Center, Bronx, NY
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4
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Song Y, Wei H, Cao L, Deng P, Du W, Liu S, Zhang Y. Clinical features of neonatal hyperthyroidism: a retrospective analysis in southwestern China. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1282408. [PMID: 38966493 PMCID: PMC11222631 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1282408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and evaluate the different types of thyroid dysfunction in babies with neonatal hyperthyroidism. Methods The clinical data of 19 neonates with hyperthyroidism admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2012 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Fifteen (78.9%) infants were born to mothers with Graves' disease. Eleven (57.9%) infants were premature; two babies were born at small for gestational age. The age at diagnosis ranged from 3 to 34 days, with a mean of 18.53 ± 6.85 days. The majority of the babies presented with goiter (84.2%) and tachycardia (94.7%) after birth. Nine (47.4%) of them presented with abnormal weight gain, seven (36.8%) presented with stare or ocular protrusion, six (31.6%) presented with hyperexcitability, four (21.1%) presented with jaundice and liver dysfunction, two (10.5%) presented with sweating, one (5.3%) presented with fever, and one case presented without any symptoms. Transient hyperthyroidism was the main thyroid dysfunction in our study. Overt hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 13 (68.4%) neonates. Another three babies (15.8%) presented with hyperthyroidism with slightly elevated free triiodothyronine levels, normal thyroxine (T4) levels, and low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Normal thyroid hormone levels with low TSH levels were observed in three (15.8%) neonates. Ten children were treated with antithyroid drugs. Eighteen children recovered normal thyroid function at 1-3 months of age; one baby in the study group required further levothyroxine supplementation due to primary hypothyroidism (HT). One child was found to have developmental delay at 2 years of age during follow-up. Conclusions Our study highlights the need for prolonged monitoring of thyroid function in suspected patients. A single normal screening for hyperthyroidism or the absence of a maternal history of hyperthyroidism cannot exclude this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Luying Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Pinglan Deng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixia Du
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China
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Rey RA, Bergadá I, Ballerini MG, Braslavsky D, Chiesa A, Freire A, Grinspon RP, Keselman A, Arcari A. Diagnosing and treating anterior pituitary hormone deficiency in pediatric patients. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:555-573. [PMID: 38112850 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Hypopituitarism, or the failure to secrete hormones produced by the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and/or to release hormones from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), can be congenital or acquired. When more than one pituitary hormone axis is impaired, the condition is known as combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). The deficiency may be primarily due to a hypothalamic or to a pituitary disorder, or concomitantly both, and has a negative impact on target organ function. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency in the pediatric age. Congenital hypopituitarism is generally due to genetic disorders and requires early medical attention. Exposure to toxicants or intrauterine infections should also be considered as potential etiologies. The molecular mechanisms underlying the fetal development of the hypothalamus and the pituitary are well characterized, and variants in the genes involved therein may explain the pathophysiology of congenital hypopituitarism: mutations in the genes expressed in the earliest stages are usually associated with syndromic forms whereas variants in genes involved in later stages of pituitary development result in non-syndromic forms with more specific hormone deficiencies. Tumors or lesions of the (peri)sellar region, cranial radiation therapy, traumatic brain injury and, more rarely, other inflammatory or infectious lesions represent the etiologies of acquired hypopituitarism. Hormone replacement is the general strategy, with critical periods of postnatal life requiring specific attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo A Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, C1425EFD, Argentina.
| | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, C1425EFD, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Ballerini
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, C1425EFD, Argentina
| | - Débora Braslavsky
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, C1425EFD, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, C1425EFD, Argentina
| | - Analía Freire
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, C1425EFD, Argentina
| | - Romina P Grinspon
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, C1425EFD, Argentina
| | - Ana Keselman
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, C1425EFD, Argentina
| | - Andrea Arcari
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, C1425EFD, Argentina
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Hashemi Dehkordi V, Khoshhali M, Heidari-Beni M, Hashemi Dehkordi E, Hashemipour M, Mostofizadeh N, Daniali SS, Kelishadi R. Association Between Dietary Phytochemical Index and Neonatal Thyroid Function. J Pregnancy 2024; 2024:9558023. [PMID: 38919582 PMCID: PMC11199066 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9558023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones regulate fetal growth and differentiation of several tissues. Maternal dietary patterns may be correlated with changes in the level of neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We hypothesized that since maternal nutrition affects birth weight and offspring growth, it may also impact endocrine patterns in offspring. This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between maternal dietary phytochemical index (DPI) in the first trimester of pregnancy and neonatal cord blood thyroid hormone levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study is a substudy of a birth cohort. Overall, 216 mothers, aged 16-45 years, were recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy. To calculate DPI, the daily energy percentage of phytochemical-rich foods was divided by the total daily energy intake. At delivery time, TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured in cord blood samples using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of mothers was 29.56 (5.50) years, and 47% of newborns were girls. The mean (SD) of DPI in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles was 25.03 ± 4.67, 33.87 ± 2.18, 40.64 ± 2.10, and 51.17 ± 4.98, respectively. There was not any significant correlation between DPI score with cord serum TSH and FT4 levels in crude and adjusted analysis. Conclusion: No significant relationship between maternal DPI with cord serum TSH and FT4 levels was shown. Limited experience exists about the effect of maternal diet quality indices on neonatal thyroid function, and further studies are needed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Hashemi Dehkordi
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyEndocrine and Metabolism Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of NutritionChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Hashemi Dehkordi
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyChild Growth and Development Research CentreResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyChild Growth and Development Research CentreResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Metabolic Liver Diseases Research CenterImam Hossein Children's HospitalIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Neda Mostofizadeh
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyEndocrine and Metabolism Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Soto J, Weissglas B, von Plessing-Pierry G, del Solar MP, Peña-Villa C, Flores X, Arancibia M, Campos L. Fetal Hyperthyroidism Secondary to Maternal Basedow-Graves' Disease. AJP Rep 2024; 14:e176-e183. [PMID: 38827649 PMCID: PMC11142847 DOI: 10.1055/a-2317-9431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal hyperthyroidism is a rare prenatal disease and can be life-threatening. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound in mothers with a history of Basedow-Graves' disease and elevation of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) levels. The treatment consists of antithyroid drugs. We present a mother with Basedow-Graves' disease, treated with radioactive iodine 16 years ago. She had an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 29 years, and an elevation of TRAbs (21 U/L) was found at the sixth week of pregnancy. At 22 weeks of gestation, fetal ultrasound displayed tachycardia, goiter, exophthalmos, and suspicion of craniosynostosis, hence methimazole was started. Concomitantly, suppressed maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was found. Her daughter was born at 33 + 6 weeks showing clinical and laboratory findings of hyperthyroidism. Consequently, treatment with methimazole was prescribed. Normal thyroid function was documented in the mother after giving birth. Clear explanation has not been found for the alteration of maternal TSH during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Soto
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatrics Service, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Bunio Weissglas
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | | | - Maria Paz del Solar
- Department of Clinical and Preclinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Carolina Peña-Villa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Ximena Flores
- Division of Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
- Department of Obstetrics and Ginecology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Monica Arancibia
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatrics Service, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Laura Campos
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatrics Service, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Gong Y, He S, Wen P, Jiang Y, He J, Zhu B, Li L. In Vitro and In Vivo Supplementation with Curcumin Promotes Hippocampal Neuronal Synapses Development in Rats by Inhibiting GSK-3β and Activating β-catenin. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2390-2410. [PMID: 37875709 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The human fetal thyroid gland is not capable of producing thyroid hormones independently until 20 weeks of gestation, and if maternal thyroid hormone synthesis is inadequate in early pregnancy, fetal brain and nerve development may be affected by maternal hypothyroidism. Curcumin, which is isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been shown to be effective in repairing neurological disorders and is effective in relieving nerve damage when consumed over a long period of time. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of curcumin supplementation on synaptic development of rat hippocampal neurons. A cell model of oxidative damage and a young rat model of hypothyroidism were constructed, and model cells and rats were treated with triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), and curcumin, respectively. Damage of nerve cells and animal brain tissues was examined, and the effect of curcumin in alleviating the blocked neurodevelopment was investigated. Further modulation of GSK-3β/β-catenin was performed to investigate the mechanism of action of curcumin. Ultimately, we found that T3-, T4-, and curcumin-treated model cells and young rats had increased numbers of synapses and good neurodevelopment. At the same time, we found that curcumin inhibited the production of GSK-3β and Axin to activate β-catenin. The inhibition of β-catenin weakened the therapeutic effect of curcumin, and the differences between the indicators and the model group disappeared. Both cellular and animal experiments supported that curcumin effectively alleviated the oxidative cell damage caused by thyroxine deficiency and activated the synaptogenic ability of nerve synapses by inhibiting GSK-3β and protecting β-catenin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhong Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Preconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Preconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Baosheng Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Preconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Li Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Hong L, Tang MHY, Cheung KW, Luo L, Cheung CKY, Dai X, Li Y, Xiong C, Liang W, Xiang W, Wang L, Chan KYK, Lin S. Fetal Hyperthyroidism with Maternal Hypothyroidism: Two Cases of Intrauterine Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:102. [PMID: 38201411 PMCID: PMC10795960 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal hyperthyroidism can occur secondary to maternal autoimmune hyperthyroidism. The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) transferred from the mother to the fetus stimulates the fetal thyroid and causes fetal thyrotoxicosis. Fetuses with this condition are difficult to detect, especially after maternal Graves disease therapy. Here, we present two cases of fetal hyperthyroidism with maternal hypothyroidism and review the assessment and intrauterine therapy for fetal hyperthyroidism. Both women were referred at 22+ and 23+ weeks of gestation with abnormal ultrasound findings, including fetal heart enlargement, pericardial effusion, and fetal tachycardia. Both women had a history of Graves disease while in a state of hypothyroidism with a high titer of TRAb. A sonographic examination showed a diffusely enlarged fetal thyroid with abundant blood flow. Invasive prenatal testing revealed no significant chromosomal aberration. Low fetal serum TSH and high TRAb levels were detected in the cord blood. Fetal hyperthyroidism was considered, and maternal oral methimazole (MMI) was administered as intrauterine therapy, with the slowing of fetal tachycardia, a reduction in fetal heart enlargement, and thyroid hyperemia. During therapy, maternal thyroid function was monitored, and the dosage of maternal levothyroxine was adjusted accordingly. Both women delivered spontaneously at 36+ weeks of gestation, and neonatal hyperthyroidism was confirmed in both newborns. After methimazole and propranolol drug treatment with levothyroxine for 8 and 12 months, both babies became euthyroid with normal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Mary Hoi Yin Tang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Ka Wang Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Libing Luo
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Cindy Ka Yee Cheung
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Xiaoying Dai
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Chuqin Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Liangbing Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Kelvin Yuen Kwong Chan
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shengmou Lin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang M, Liu S, Wan N, Li M, Tu W. Novel PFOS alternative OBS inhibits body growth of developing zebrafish by triggering thyroid function disorder and osteoclast differentiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140068. [PMID: 37672812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of the perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternative sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) has resulted in its widespread detection in the environment and enrichment in wildlife and humans. However, little is known about its potential toxicity, particularly in terms of body development. In this study, zebrafish embryos were acutely exposed to PFOS and OBS for a comparative developmental toxicity assessment. Both PFOS and OBS led to lower body weight and shorter body length, and the damaging effects of PFOS were more severe than those of OBS at the same exposure concentration. Biochemical assays of THs and transcription profiles correlated to the HPT axis demonstrated that OBS-induced body development inhibition resulted mainly from interference in THs synthesis, transfer, coupling with receptors, and conversion from T4 to T3, which was similar to the case of PFOS, except that the disruptive effects of OBS on thyroid function were more intense. Further transcriptome analysis showed that PFOS and OBS also promoted osteoclast differentiation, aggravating the inhibitory effects on body growth, and that PFOS had more obvious inhibitory effects than OBS. This study systematically explored the inhibitory effects of PFOS and OBS exposure on body development and tightly linked the toxic effects to thyroid function disorder and osteoclast differentiation. Our findings highlight that the health risks associated with OBS, an emerging substitute for PFOS, should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Nannan Wan
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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11
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Năstase L, Cristea O, Diaconu A, Stoicescu SM, Mohora R, Pascu BM, Tala ST, Roșca I. Two Cases of Congenital Hypothyroidism Revealing Thyroid Agenesis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1887. [PMID: 37893606 PMCID: PMC10608129 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may have major detrimental effects on growth and neurological development, but early intervention leads to excellent outcomes. CH is classified as transient or permanent, primary or secondary, with primary CH being the most common neonatal endocrine disorder. Most patients with CH do not present any typical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism shortly after birth, partly due to transplacental maternal thyroid hormone transfer and residual neonatal thyroid function. This paper reports on two CH cases. During the initial Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission phase, CH was not suspected due to nonspecific signs. The distinct characteristics of our cases are as follows: both infants were admitted to the NICU for respiratory distress syndrome, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, and both were born to diabetic mothers. Following extubation, they both showed similar neurological issues, including reduced muscle tone and feeding difficulties. Initially, those symptoms were attributed to delayed clearance of analgesic and sedative medication. However, symptoms progressively worsened over time. Subsequent tests revealed both meeting CH diagnostic criteria: an unusual ultrasound indicating thyroid agenesis and abnormal hormone levels. Guided by the pediatric endocrinology team, prompt hormonal treatment was started with improvements in neurocognitive function and feeding. Usually, CH screening involves blood samples from healthy newborns at 2-3 days of life. Abnormal results require confirmation, prompting treatment within two weeks. Certain NICU-admitted infants face higher diagnosis delays, as seen in those two cases where CH screening was postponed. Thus, for all neonates with persistent pathologies unresponsive to standard etiological treatment, conducting a comprehensive anamnestic evaluation of the medical history, along with maternal preconceptional and prenatal nutrition, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Năstase
- Neonatology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octaviana Cristea
- Neonatology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Diaconu
- Neonatology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silvia-Maria Stoicescu
- Neonatology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ramona Mohora
- Neonatology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Mihai Pascu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Endocrinology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Tania Tala
- Endocrinology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Roșca
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Neonatology Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Prof. Dr. P. Sârbu”, 060251 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Guo J, Liu K, Yang J, Su Y. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and neonatal health outcomes: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122295. [PMID: 37532216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical substance responsible for the composition of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Early life and pregnancy are important windows of susceptibility. This review aimed to conduct a systematic assessment of human studies to comprehensively describe the association between prenatal BPA exposure and neonatal health outcomes. Literature was searched in Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science published before November 2022, and were selected according to clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines (GRADE) were followed to grade the methodological quality of studies and the certainty of the evidence respectively. As a result, a total of 22259 participants from 45 trials were included. And the potential associations of prenatal exposure to BPA and neonatal health outcomes were mainly shown in four aspects: gestational age/preterm birth, physical health at birth, the incidence of systemic abnormalities or diseases, and other health outcomes. Although the certainty of the evidence was low to very low, the methodological quality of the included studies was high. Prenatal BPA exposure tended to have negative effects on most of the health outcomes in neonates but showed inconsistent results on physical health at birth. This systematic review is the first to comprehensively synthesize the existing evidence on the association between prenatal BPA exposure and neonatal health outcomes. In the future, further studies are still needed to verify these effects and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Guo
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Keqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jixin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanwei Su
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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13
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Lu W, Sun Z, Wang Z, Qu M, Shi Z, Song Q, Shen L, Mai S, Wang Y, Hong X, Zang J. The Joint Effects of Bisphenols and Iodine Exposure on Thyroid during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2023; 15:3422. [PMID: 37571359 PMCID: PMC10421451 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the combined effects of bisphenols and iodine exposure on the thyroid gland during pregnancy. We included 162 pregnant women from a cohort established in Shanghai. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A, bisphenol B(BPB), bisphenol C(BPC), bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and bisphenol AF(BPAF) were examined. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation models were used. The geometric means of BPA, BPB, BPC, BPF, BPS, BPAF, and ΣBPs levels in urine were 3.03, 0.24, 2.66, 0.36, 0.26, 0.72, and 7.55 μg/g creatinine, respectively. We observed a positive trend in the cumulative effects of BPs and iodine on serum triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), as well as a U-shaped dose-response relationship between BPs and the probability of occurrence of thyroperoxidase autoantibody positivity in women with low urinary iodine concentration. In addition, a synergistic effect on the probability of occurrence of thyroid autoantibody positivity was observed between BPF and BPB, as well as between BPC and BPAF in this study. There were adverse health effects on the thyroid after co-exposure to BPs and iodine. Even if pregnant women were exposed to lower levels of BPs, women with iodine deficiency remained vulnerable to thyroid autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiajie Zang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China (Q.S.); (L.S.); (Y.W.)
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14
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Parra Meza C, Africano León ML, Quintero Reyes N, Suarez Mantilla SN, Alvarez Orduz CP. Fetal Goiter Diagnosed in a Euthyroid Patient: An Unusual Presentation of the Fetal Thyroid Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e41483. [PMID: 37551241 PMCID: PMC10404307 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal thyroid disease is rare, and the disease is mostly contextualized in the setting of a treated maternal thyroid disease. The presentation of thyroid disease in the fetus of a euthyroid mother is unusual. This paper presents the case of a 21-week pregnant woman with an incidental finding from a detailed anatomy ultrasound and evaluates available diagnostic and therapeutic management options. There is no consensus with sufficient evidence given the unusual presentation of this type of pathology. In most cases, the evidence is in the etiology of a mother with previous thyroid pathology that modifies the fetal outcome. Hence, it is important to describe cases to accumulate and, at some point, sufficient evidence of different treatments, with the intention of improving the quality of the recommendations. The management of fetal euthyroid goiter is a complex challenge. Most specialists manage the information on a case-by-case basis, with the same general goals as in patients with other thyroid pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Parra Meza
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Universitario de Santander, Bucaramanga, COL
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, COL
| | - Martha L Africano León
- Pediatrics, Clinica San Luis, Bucaramanga, COL
- Neonatology, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, COL
| | - Natalia Quintero Reyes
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Universitario de Santander, Bucaramanga, COL
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, COL
| | - Silvia N Suarez Mantilla
- Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Santander, Bucaramanga, COL
- Pediatrics, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, COL
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15
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Xi J, Su X, Wang Z, Ji H, Chen Y, Liu X, Miao M, Liang H, Yuan W. The associations between concentrations of gestational bisphenol analogues and thyroid related hormones in cord blood: A prospective cohort study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114838. [PMID: 36989560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies indicated that Bisphenol analogues (BPs) exhibited potential thyroid toxicity. However, little is known of the associations between maternal BPs exposure and offspring's thyroid related hormones in humans. On the basis of Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort study, we analyzed BPs in maternal urine collected at the third trimester of pregnancy. Thyroid related hormones (THs), including total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in cord blood samples. We performed multiple linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models to explore the single and joint effects of gestational BPs exposure on thyroid related hormones in cord blood among 258 mother-child pairs. Statistically significant inverse associations of categorized BPA with FT3 and TT4 concentrations were observed. We also found a significant association between the mixture of BPs in maternal urine and increased concentration of TT3 in cord blood and a marginally significant association between BPs mixture and increased FT3 concentrations. Further associations of BPA with lower TT4/FT4 and of Bisphenol AF (BPAF) with higher TT3/FT3 were also suggestive, by BKMR model, when other BPs were fixed at 25th percentiles. It was concluded that prenatal BPs exposure was associated with THs in cord blood. Exposure to BPA and BPAF might have large contributions to the effects on thyroid function than other bisphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Xi
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 779 Old Humin Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiujuan Su
- Clinical Research center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 779 Old Humin Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 779 Old Humin Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yao Chen
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 779 Old Humin Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Institute of Health Inspection and Detection, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #35 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 779 Old Humin Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 779 Old Humin Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 779 Old Humin Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Yazici A, Kadioglu Simsek G, Elbayiyev S, Canpolat FE, Kanmaz Kutman HG. Thyroid Function in Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2023; 13:11-15. [PMID: 35696232 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2022.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine heel prick (capillary) and serum thyroid function test (TFT) results in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) to evaluate the effect of asphyxia and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on thyroid functions. This retrospective chart review included infants who were born after 34 weeks of gestation, were diagnosed and treated for HIE. The patients were divided into those who did and did not undergo TH and the groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, laboratory results, capillary thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) levels, and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels. A total of 111 neonates were included in the study. There was no difference between the TH group (n = 90) and the nonhypothermia group (n = 21) in terms of median gestational age (38.3 ± 2.1 weeks vs. 38.6 ± 1.8 weeks, p = 0.42) or birth weight (3182 ± 509 g vs. 3174 ± 573 g, p = 0.72). Serum TFT was performed at a median of 10 days (range, 2-43) and capillary TSH analyzed at a median of 6 days (range, 1-26). Capillary TSH at 96 hours was analyzed in 36 patients in the TH group and 19 patients in the nonhypothermia group. Serum TSH and fT4 levels were similar in both groups (p = 0.29, p = 0.1). Overall cTSH and cTSH obtained in the first 4 days were 2.2 (0.5-10) and 4.3 (0.5-94), p = 0.059; 2 (0.5-22) and 5 (0.5-94), p = 0.04, respectively, whereas cTSH obtained after day 4 was similar in both groups (p = 0.058). Abnormal serum TSH (>5.5 mU/mL) was more frequent in the hypothermia group (44.4% vs. 19%, p = 0.026). Our results suggest that TH may cause some alterations on TFTs. Therefore, it may be reasonable to repeat TSH screening after TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybuke Yazici
- Division of Neonatology, Ankara City Hospital University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Kadioglu Simsek
- Division of Neonatology, Ankara City Hospital University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhan Elbayiyev
- Division of Neonatology, Ankara City Hospital University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fuat Emre Canpolat
- Division of Neonatology, Ankara City Hospital University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Miranda RA, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Adverse perinatal conditions and the developmental origins of thyroid dysfunction-Lessons from Animal Models. Endocrine 2023; 79:223-234. [PMID: 36036880 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nutritional, hormonal, and environmental status during development can predispose the individual to obesity and endocrine diseases later in life, an association known as metabolic programming. In general, weight loss or gain are seen in thyroid disorders, and thyroid function can be affected by body adiposity. In addition, hyper- and hypothyroidism can be related to metabolic programming. Our aim was to gather evidence that regardless of the type or critical window of metabolic imprinting, offspring exposed to certain adverse perinatal conditions have a higher risk of developing thyroid dysfunction. METHODS We reviewed literature data that relate insults occurring during pregnancy and/or lactation to short- and long-term offspring thyroid dysfunction in animal models. RESULTS Few studies have addressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and thyroid dysfunction related to metabolic programming. The literature shows that under- and overnutrition, exposure to endocrine disruptors, early weaning, maternal thyroid disease and maternal high-fat diet can induce alterations in offspring thyroid function in a sex-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Based on the few available data, mainly in rodent models, we can conclude that diet, hormones, and environmental contaminants are related to the developmental origins of later thyroid dysfunction by interrupting the normal maturation of the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Castro GIMD, Falcão MC, Bigio JZD, Carvalho WBD. Thyroid dysfunction in infants with severe intestinal insufficiency: a case series. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2023; 41:e2021402. [PMID: 36921170 PMCID: PMC10014022 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the status of thyroid function in infants with severe intestinal dysfunction. CASE DESCRIPTION A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care center, including newborns and infants with severe intestinal dysfunction, hospitalized between 2015 and 2020. From the medical records, the following data were collected: gestational age, birth weight, underlying pathology that led to intestinal dysfunction, hospital stay, presence of thyroid dysfunction, age from the onset of thyroid dysfunction, initial and maximum dose of levothyroxine replacement, and levothyroxine administration route and outcome. Seven children (0.76% of 914 hospitalizations) developed severe intestinal insufficiency: vanishing gastroschisis (42.9%), Berdon syndrome (28.5%), apple peel (14.3%), and OIES syndrome (14.3%) - omphalocele, exstrophy of cloaca, imperforate anus, and spina bifida. The mean gestational age was 33.3±1.6 weeks, the mean birth weight was 2,113.9±370.9 g, the median hospitalization was 420 days, and mortality was 42.9%. Of these seven cases, four (57.1%) presented thyroid dysfunction, evaluated by blood hormone dosages and the dose of levothyroxine replacement ranged from 25 to 100 μg/day, administered by gastric or rectal route. COMMENTS This series of cases draws attention to thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism) in children with severe intestinal insufficiency receiving exclusive parenteral nutrition for a prolonged period, whose etiology is iodine deficiency, because, in Brazil, micronutrient solutions added to parenteral nutrition do not contain iodine.
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Conley JM, Lambright CS, Evans N, Medlock-Kakaley E, Dixon A, Hill D, McCord J, Strynar MJ, Ford J, Gray LE. Cumulative maternal and neonatal effects of combined exposure to a mixture of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) during pregnancy in the Sprague-Dawley rat. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107631. [PMID: 36402036 PMCID: PMC9944680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, biomonitoring data demonstrate virtually all humans carry residues of multiple per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Despite pervasive co-exposure, limited mixtures-based in vivo PFAS toxicity research has been conducted. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are commonly detected PFAS in human and environmental samples and both produce adverse effects in laboratory animal studies, including maternal and offspring effects when orally administered during pregnancy and lactation. To evaluate the effects of combined exposure to PFOA and PFOS, we orally exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats from gestation day 8 (GD8) to postnatal day 2 (PND2) to PFOA (10-250 mg/kg/d) or PFOS (0.1-5 mg/kg/d) individually to characterize effects and dose response curve parameters, followed by a variable-ratio mixture experiment with a constant dose of PFOS (2 mg/kg/d) mixed with increasing doses of PFOA (3-80 mg/kg/d). The mixture study design was intended to: 1) shift the PFOA dose response curves for endpoints shared with PFOS, 2) allow comparison of dose addition (DA) and response addition (RA) model predictions, 3) conduct relative potency factor (RPF) analysis for multiple endpoints, and 4) avoid overt maternal toxicity. Maternal serum and liver concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were consistent between the individual chemical and mixture experiments. Combined exposure with PFOS significantly shifted the PFOA dose response curves towards effects at lower doses compared to PFOA-only exposure for multiple endpoints and these effects were well predicted by dose addition. For endpoints amenable to mixture model analyses, DA produced equivalent or better estimates of observed data than RA. All endpoints evaluated were accurately predicted by RPF and DA approaches except for maternal gestational weight gain, which produced less-than-additive results in the mixture. Data support the hypothesis of cumulative effects on shared endpoints from PFOA and PFOS co-exposure and dose additive approaches for predictive estimates of mixture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Conley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Christy S Lambright
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Nicola Evans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Aaron Dixon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Donna Hill
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - James McCord
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Mark J Strynar
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Jermaine Ford
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - L Earl Gray
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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20
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Hasan Gokcay, Balcioglu YH, Solmaz M. The Role of Impulsive and Aggressive Traits, Albumin and Thyroid Functions in Recent Suicide Attempters: An Investigation with a Transdiagnostic Approach. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Zhang X, Huels A, Makuch R, Zhou A, Zheng T, Xia W, Gaskins A, Makuch J, Zhu Z, Zhu C, Qian Z, Xu S, Li Y. Association of exposure to ambient particulate matter with maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113942. [PMID: 35870505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that maternal thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy can cause adverse pregnancy complications and birth outcomes. This study was designed to examine the association between ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm (PM10) exposure and maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy. METHODS This study was based on data from a birth cohort study of 921 pregnant women in China. We estimated associations between ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy (estimated with land-use regression models) and maternal thyroid hormone concentrations (free thyroxine (FT4), free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) collected between weeks 10 and 17 of gestation using linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders. Ambient PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were modeled per interquartile range (IQR) increment and as tertiles based on the distribution of the exposure levels. RESULTS An IQR increment (68 μg/m3) in PM2.5 exposure was associated with a significant decrease in maternal FT4 levels (β = -0.60, 95% CI: -1.07, -0.12); and a significant decrease in FT4/FT3 ratio (β = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.02). Further analyses showed that, relative to the lowest tertile, women in both the middle and highest tertiles of PM2.5 had significantly lower concentrations of maternal FT4 and FT4/FT3 ratio. No significant associations were found between PM2.5 and FT3 or TSH levels. PM10 exposure was not significantly associated with maternal thyroid function. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that higher ambient PM2.5, not PM10, exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy were associated with a significant decrease in maternal serum FT4 concentrations and FT4/FT3 ratio. Studies in populations with different exposure levels are needed to replicate our study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anke Huels
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert Makuch
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Audrey Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jad Makuch
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Cairong Zhu
- Huaxi School of Public Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, USA
| | - Shunqing Xu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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22
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Sarzo B, Abumallouh R, Marín N, Llop S, Beneito A, Lopez-Flores I, Ferrero N, Sakhi AK, Ballester F, Lopez-Espinosa MJ. Association between phenols and thyroid hormones: The role of iodothyronine deiodinase genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119926. [PMID: 35964788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature on prenatal phenol exposure and thyroid hormone (TH) alteration is conflicting, and the possible mechanisms of action involved remain unclear. We aimed to examine the association between prenatal phenol exposure and levels of maternal and neonatal THs, as well as the possible role of iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) gene polymorphisms in this relation. We studied 387 Spanish mother-neonate pairs with measurements of maternal phenols, total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), maternal and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and maternal genotypes for single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DIO1(rs2235544) and DIO2(rs12885300) genes. We implemented multivariate linear and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regressions to examine the association between phenols and THs (including sex-stratified models for neonatal TSH) and investigated effect modification of genotypes in the maternal phenol-TH associations. In single exposure models, we found negative associations between maternal triclosan (TCS) and neonatal TSH (% change [95%CI]: -2.95 [-5.70, -0.11], per twofold phenol increase) - stronger for girls - and less clearly for maternal ethylparaben (EPB) and TSH (-2.27 [-4.55, 0.07]). In phenol mixture models, we found no association with THs. In the genetic interaction models, we found some evidence of effect modification of DIO gene polymorphisms with stronger negative associations between methylparaben (MPB), propylparaben (PPB), butylparaben (BPB) and TT3 as well as bisphenol A (BPA) and FT4 for DIO1(rs2235544)-CC. Stronger inverse associations for genotypes DIO2(rs12885300)-CC and DIO2(rs12885300)-CT and positive ones for DIO2(rs12885300)-TT were also reported for BPA and FT4. In conclusion, we found some evidence of an association between phenols and TSH during pregnancy and at birth in single exposure models, the latter being stronger for girls. Since no association was observed between maternal levels of phenols and TT3 or FT4, the possible role of the genetic background in these associations warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Sarzo
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Reem Abumallouh
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Marín
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Ferrero
- Clinical Chemistry Unit, Public Health Laboratory of Bilbao, Bizcaia, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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23
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Saito K, Horiguchi K, Yamada S, Buyandalai B, Ishida E, Matsumoto S, Yoshino S, Nakajima Y, Yamada E, Saito T, Ozawa A, Tajika Y, Akiyama H, Yamada M. Maternal hypothyroidism is associated with M-opsin developmental delay. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:391-399. [PMID: 35900831 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are critical for the development of opsins involved in color vision. Hypothyroid mice show delayed M-opsin development and expanded distribution of S-opsin on the retina. However, the effects of maternal hypothyroidism on opsin development remain unknown. This study investigates the effects of congenital central hypothyroidism and maternal hypothyroidism on opsin development in thyrotropin-releasing hormone knockout (TRH-/-) mice. We examined the mRNA expression and protein distribution of S/M-opsin on postnatal days (P)12 and 17, as well as mRNA expression of type 2 and 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2 and DIO3, respectively) in the retina and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) in the liver at P12 in TRH+/- mice born to TRH+/- or TRH-/- dams, and conducted S/M-opsin analysis in TRH+/+ or TRH-/- mice born to TRH+/- dams at P12, P17, and P30. M-opsin expression was lower in TRH+/- mice born to TRH-/- dams than in those born to TRH+/- dams, whereas S-opsin expression did not significantly differ between them. DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3 mRNA expression levels were not significantly different between the two groups; therefore, thyroid function in peripheral tissues in the pups was similar. S/M-opsin expression did not significantly differ between the TRH+/+ and TRH-/- mice born to TRH+/- dams on any postnatal day. These results demonstrate that maternal hypothyroidism causes M-opsin developmental delay during the early developmental stages of neonatal mice, and TRH-/- mice, a model of congenital central hypothyroidism, born to a euthyroid dam do not have delayed opsin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Saito
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Horiguchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Battsetseg Buyandalai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Emi Ishida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsumoto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Nakajima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Saito
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ozawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Tajika
- Department of Anatomy, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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24
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Fan L, Kishore A, Jansen-Olliges L, Wang D, Stahl F, Psathaki OE, Harre J, Warnecke A, Weder J, Preller M, Zeilinger C. Identification of a Thyroid Hormone Binding Site in Hsp90 with Implications for Its Interaction with Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28932-28945. [PMID: 36033668 PMCID: PMC9404468 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While many proteins are known clients of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), it is unclear whether the transcription factor, thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRb), interacts with Hsp90 to control hormonal perception and signaling. Higher Hsp90 expression in mouse fibroblasts was elicited by the addition of triiodothyronine (T3). T3 bound to Hsp90 and enhanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding of Hsp90 due to a specific binding site for T3, as identified by molecular docking experiments. The binding of TRb to Hsp90 was prevented by T3 or by the thyroid mimetic sobetirome. Purified recombinant TRb trapped Hsp90 from cell lysate or purified Hsp90 in pull-down experiments. The affinity of Hsp90 for TRb was 124 nM. Furthermore, T3 induced the release of bound TRb from Hsp90, which was shown by streptavidin-conjugated quantum dot (SAv-QD) masking assay. The data indicate that the T3 interaction with TRb and Hsp90 may be an amplifier of the cellular stress response by blocking Hsp90 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
- Clinic
for Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Hannover
Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anusha Kishore
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Linda Jansen-Olliges
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Dahua Wang
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
- Clinic
for Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Hannover
Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Frank Stahl
- Institut
für Technische Chemie, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz
University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Center
of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Jennifer Harre
- Clinic
for Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Hannover
Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Clinic
for Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Hannover
Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Julia Weder
- Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical
School, Carl-Neuberg-Straβe
1, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Institute
for Functional Gene Analytics (IFGA), Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Von-Liebig-Str. 20, Rheinbach 53359, Germany
| | - Matthias Preller
- Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical
School, Carl-Neuberg-Straβe
1, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Institute
for Functional Gene Analytics (IFGA), Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Von-Liebig-Str. 20, Rheinbach 53359, Germany
| | - Carsten Zeilinger
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
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25
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Ben-Zeev ZS, Peniakov M, Felszer C, Weiner SA, Lahad A, Almashanu S, Tenenbaum Rakover Y. Usefulness of thyroid function assessment in infants born to mothers with thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. Eur Thyroid J 2022; 11:e220055. [PMID: 35613337 PMCID: PMC9254317 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maternal thyroid disease is considered as a risk factor for abnormal thyroid function at birth, as well as for long-term morbidity in offspring. The potential harmful effects on the neonate had led to the clinical practice of thyroid function assessment in infants born to mothers with thyroid disease during pregnancy. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of routine thyroid function tests for every newborn of a mother with thyroid dysfunction. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from the medical files of mothers diagnosed with thyroid disease and their infants (496 mother-neonate pairs). All mothers with diagnosed thyroid disease who gave birth in the years 2016-2019 at our medical center were included. Results Hypothyroidism was the most common maternal diagnosis (91.4%), among which 48.7% had Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 8.6% of the cohort - 71.6% of them with Graves' disease. None of the newborns was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism in the screening program. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was >10 mIU/L in 14.6% and >20 mUI/L in 2.2%; all had free thyroxine within normal range. Serum thyroid function test identified four infants with thyroid disease; two had congenital hypothyroidism not related to maternal thyroid disease, one had transient familial congenital hypothyroidism and one had neonatal Graves' disease. Conclusions Thyroid function testing for all newborns of mothers with thyroid dysfunction seems redundant. However, in cases of congenital hypothyroidism in siblings, thyroid function test, in addition to newborn thyroid screening, is recommended, and more careful follow-up is indicated. In maternal Graves' disease, thyroid function test on days 2-3 of life is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Peniakov
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Clari Felszer
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Scott A Weiner
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Avishay Lahad
- Pediatric Department A, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Shlomo Almashanu
- The National Newborn Screening Program, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yardena Tenenbaum Rakover
- Consulting Medicine in Pediatric Endocrinology, Clalit Health Services, Afula, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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26
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Fan L, Warnecke A, Weder J, Preller M, Zeilinger C. Triiodothyronine Acts as a Smart Influencer on Hsp90 via a Triiodothyronine Binding Site. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137150. [PMID: 35806154 PMCID: PMC9266618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microarray-based experiments revealed that thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) enhanced the binding of Cy5-labeled ATP on heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). By molecular docking experiments with T3 on Hsp90, we identified a T3 binding site (TBS) near the ATP binding site on Hsp90. A synthetic peptide encoding HHHHHHRIKEIVKKHSQFIGYPITLFVEKE derived from the TBS on Hsp90 showed, in MST experiments, the binding of T3 at an EC50 of 50 μM. The binding motif can influence the activity of Hsp90 by hindering ATP accessibility or the release of ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- BMWZ (Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Julia Weder
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.W.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthias Preller
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.W.); (M.P.)
- Institute for Functional Gene Analytics (IFGA), University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Carsten Zeilinger
- BMWZ (Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; +49-51176216351
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27
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Wannasai K, Settakorn J, Visrutaratna P, Sathitsamitphong L, Khorana J, Waroonkun S. A Case of Infantile Hepatic Hemangioendothelioma/Hemangioma at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. Cureus 2022; 14:e25240. [PMID: 35755522 PMCID: PMC9217672 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma/hemangioma is the most common benign hepatic vascular tumor of infancy, comprising approximately 1% of all childhood tumors. The tumor can present during the fetal or neonatal period as a hepatic mass. Common presentations include abdominal distension and a palpable hepatic mass. Clinico-radio-pathological correlation is essential for a definite diagnosis. Frequent complications such as congestive heart failure, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome should be investigated. Chemotherapy has been reported as an effective treatment option. Surgical resection has an essential role for symptomatic patients with medical treatment failure or other certain conditions such as refusal to take medication. Furthermore, prenatal diagnosis is essential for better patient outcomes due to prompt treatment in the neonatal period. We report a case of a female infant at 39 weeks of gestation who was delivered from a 32-year-old mother. The infant was in utero diagnosed by ultrasonography with a hepatic mass, most likely hemangioma. The mass was resected after birth and it was diagnosed as infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma type II. The course of the disease was excellent and the patient was cured after treatment.
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Postnatal Serum Total Thyroxine Level Associated with Short- and Long-Term Anthropometric Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102056. [PMID: 35631197 PMCID: PMC9143878 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroxine (T4) importantly regulates the growth of newborns. Compared to fetuses with equivalent gestational ages, very preterm infants (VPIs) often experience relatively low thyroxinemia, with a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration < 10 μIU/mL. However, there is continued debate regarding postnatal thyroxine supplementation for VPIs with normal TSH and transitionally low thyroxinemia. Little research has explored the role of the postnatal total T4 (TT4) serum concentration on the growth of VPIs. In this study, we aim to clarify whether the postnatal thyroxine concentration is associated with the short- and long-term growth outcomes of VPIs. A total of 334 surviving VPIs in our previously reported cohort, born in the period August 2007−July 2016, were enrolled. The exposure variable was the postnatal TT4 concentration at 1 month old. The primary outcomes were body weight increments over 28 days after the screening and anthropometric outcomes at the corrected age of 24 months old. Infants with any hormonal replacement, severe brain injury, congenital anomaly, or cerebral palsy were excluded. In total, 290 (86.8%) VPIs were included for analysis. In the 28 days after thyroid function screening, the TT4 concentration was found to have a significant association with positive increments in body weight (mean increment: 25.7 g per 1 μg/dL; p < 0.001) and a positive body weight z-score (mean increment: 0.039 per 1 μg/dL; p = 0.037), determined by generalized estimating equation analysis. At the corrected age of 24 months old, a higher postnatal TT4 concentration was associated with a lower body mass index (mean coefficient: −0.136; 95% CI: −0.231 to −0.041, p = 0.005) and lower body mass index z-score (mean coefficient: −0.097; 95% CI: −0.170 to −0.024, p = 0.009). Infants with a TT4 concentration > 6.4 ug/dL had significantly lower odds of overweight status (odds ratio: 0.365; 95% CI: 0.177 to 0.754, p = 0.006). We conclude that the postnatal TT4 concentration is associated with a positive increment in body weight in the short term. At the same time, the postnatal TT4 concentration is associated with lower odds of overweight status after long-term follow-up.
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Uthayaseelan K, Kadari M, Subhan M, Saji Parel N, Krishna PV, Gupta A, Uthayaseelan K. Congenital Anomalies in Infant With Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Options, and Management Protocols. Cureus 2022; 14:e24669. [PMID: 35663669 PMCID: PMC9162097 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate growth, nervous system myelination, metabolism, and physiologic functions in nearly every organ system. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in children and has potentially devastating neurologic and developmental consequences. The etiology and clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism in children differ from adults. And hence, pediatric medical care requires a detailed understanding of thyroid function and dysfunction in children. The perinatal risk factors include female sex, preterm birth, low birth weight, postmature birth, additional birth abnormalities, and being delivered in multiple births. In countries where newborn screening is practiced, CH is detected after birth through screening tests. It aids in determining the underlying cause, though some patients may be able to start treatment without these tests. Early detection and treatment prevent irreversible and permanent nervous system damage. Thus, in addition to exploring the development of CH, this article has also covered the epidemiological data, clinical aspects, and management stemming from pediatric hypothyroidism.
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Abstract
Thyroid diseases in children and adolescents include acquired or congenital conditions, including genetic disorders either isolated or part of a syndrome. Briefly, we will review the physiology and pathophysiology of the thyroid gland and its disorders. The aim of this chapter is to describe genetic abnormalities of the thyroid gland.
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Stawerska R, Nowak-Bednarek M, Talar T, Kolasa-Kicińska M, Łupińska A, Hilczer M, Gulczyńska E, Lewiński A. The prevalence of hypothyroxinemia in premature newborns. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:940152. [PMID: 36034431 PMCID: PMC9399394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.940152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed by TSH assessment in bloodspot screening may be overlooked in preterm newborns due to immaturity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in them. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and causes of hypothyroxinemia in preterm newborns, determined by TSH and FT4 serum concentration measurement, performed on the 3-5th day of life. We assessed TSH, FT4 and FT3 serum concentration on the 3-5th day of life in preterm children born at our centre within three consecutive years. We assessed the incidence of hypothyroxinemia, and its cause: primary hypothyroidism, secondary hypothyroidism or low FT4 syndrome - with normal TSH concentration, its dependence - among others - on gestational age (GA), birth body weight (BBW) and being SGA. A total of 525 preterm children were examined. FT4 concentration was decreased in 14.9% of preterm newborns. The most frequent cause of hypothyroxinemia was low FT4 syndrome (79.5%). More than 92% cases of hypothyroxinemia occurred in children born before the 32nd week and/or with BBW below 1500 g. Thus, every fourth child in these groups had a reduced FT4 concentration. Neonates with hypothyroxinemia were significantly lighter than those with normal FT4. In older and heavier neonates with hypothyroxinemia, serious congenital defects were observed. Neither IVH nor SGA nor twin pregnancies predispose children to hypothyroxinemia. Among newborns with untreated hypothyroxinemia in whom TSH and FT4 assessment was repeated within 2-5 weeks, a decreased FT4 concentration was confirmed in 56.1% of cases. As hypothyroxinemia affects 25% of newborns born before the 32nd week of gestation and those in whom BBW is less than 1500g, it seems that in this group of children the newborn screening should be extended to measure serum TSH and FT4 concentration between the 3-5th day of life. In older and heavier neonates, additional serum TSH and FT4 assessment should be limited to children with severe congenital abnormalities but not to all SGA or twins. Despite the fact that the most common form of preterm hypothyroxinemia is low FT4 syndrome, it should be emphasized that FT4 remains lowered on subsequent testing in more them 50% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stawerska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial - Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Nowak-Bednarek
- Department of Neonatology, Intensive Therapy and Neonatal Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Talar
- Department of Neonatology, Intensive Therapy and Neonatal Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Kolasa-Kicińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial - Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Łupińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial - Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Hilczer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial - Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Gulczyńska
- Department of Neonatology, Intensive Therapy and Neonatal Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial - Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Andrzej Lewiński,
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Li S, Wu Y, Zhang SJ, Li G, Xiang YT, Zhang WZ, Pan WJ, Chen WQ, Hao YT, Ling WH, Liu ZM. Higher maternal thyroid resistance indices were associated with increased neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone- analyses based on the Huizhou mother-infant cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937430. [PMID: 36246895 PMCID: PMC9561092 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the relationship of maternal thyroid function and thyroid resistance parameters with neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). METHODS This work was a longitudinal study. Singleton pregnant women without a history of thyroid disorders were recruited in their first prenatal visit from October 2018 to June 2020. Maternal thyroid markers including TSH, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and neonatal TSH were tested in the clinical laboratory of the hospital by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Thyroid resistance indices including Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), TSH index (TSHI), and thyrotroph T4 resistance index (TT4RI) were estimated in accordance with maternal FT4 and TSH levels. Multivariable linear and logistic regression was applied to explore the associations of maternal thyroid indices with infantile TSH level. RESULTS A total of 3,210 mothers and 2,991 newborns with valid TSH data were included for analysis. Multivariable linear regression indicated that maternal thyroid variables were significantly and positively associated with neonatal TSH levels with standardized coefficients of 0.085 for TSH, 0.102 for FT3, 0.100 for FT4, 0.076 for TSHI, 0.087 for TFQI, and 0.089 for TT4RI (all P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of TSHI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.590, 95% CI: 0.928-2.724; Ptrend = 0.025], TFQI (OR = 1.746, 95% CI: 1.005-3.034; Ptrend = 0.016), and TT4RI (OR = 1.730, 95% CI: 1.021-2.934; Ptrend = 0.030) were significantly associated with an increased risk of elevated neonatal TSH (>5 mIU/L) in a dose-response manner. CONCLUSION The longitudinal data demonstrated that maternal thyroid resistance indices and thyroid hormones in the first half of gestation were positively associated with neonatal TSH levels. The findings offered an additionally practical recommendation to improve the current screening algorithms for congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-juan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyi Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Huizhou Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yu Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, University of Macao, Macao, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wei-zhong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health-care for Children Huizhou First Mother and Child Health-Care Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Wen-jing Pan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health-care for Children Huizhou First Mother and Child Health-Care Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Wei-qing Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-tao Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-hua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-min Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-min Liu,
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Hou Q, Zou H, Zhang S, Lin J, Nie W, Cui Y, Liu S, Han J. Association of maternal TSH and neonatal metabolism: A large prospective cohort study in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1052836. [PMID: 36531456 PMCID: PMC9753981 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1052836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neonatal metabolites are very important in neonatal disease screening, and maternal thyroid hormones play an important role in fetal and neonatal health. Our study aimed to explore the association of maternal thyroid hormones with neonatal metabolites and identify an important time windows. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited in Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital and followed up until delivery. Multivariate generalized linear regression models (GLMs) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis models were used to investigate the associations of maternal TSH and FT4 with neonatal metabolites. RESULTS In total, 6,653 pairs of mothers and newborns were enrolled in our study. We identified 5 neonatal metabolites, including arginine/ornithine (Arg/Orn), C14:1/C2, C18:1, C3DC+C4OH and C8:1, that were significantly associated with maternal serum TSH during the whole pregnancy (P < 0.05), especially in the first trimester. Moreover, 10 neonatal metabolites were significantly associated with maternal serum FT4 (P < 0.05), most of which had positive correlations with maternal FT4 in the first trimester (P < 0.05). Some neonatal metabolites also had linear or nonlinear dose-effect relationships with maternal serum TSH and FT4 during the whole pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester. CONCLUSIONS Our study, for the first time, provides epidemiological evidence that maternal serum TSH and FT4, especially during the first trimester, are associated with linear or nonlinear variations in neonatal metabolites. Efforts to identify newborn metabolism levels should carefully consider the effects of maternal thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Hou
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zou
- Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxiang Han, ; Shuping Zhang,
| | - Jiujing Lin
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenying Nie
- Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxiang Han, ; Shuping Zhang,
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Klosinska M, Kaczynska A, Ben-Skowronek I. Congenital Hypothyroidism in Preterm Newborns - The Challenges of Diagnostics and Treatment: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860862. [PMID: 35370986 PMCID: PMC8972126 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm newborns are forced to adapt to harsh extrauterine conditions and endure numerous adversities despite their incomplete growth and maturity. The inadequate thyroid hormones secretion as well as the impaired regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis may lead to hypothyroxinemia. Two first weeks after birth are pivotal for brain neurons development, synaptogenesis and gliogenesis. The decreased level of thyroxine regardless of cause may lead to delayed mental development. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a disorder highly prevalent in premature neonates and it originates from maternal factors, perinatal and labor complications, genetic abnormalities, thyroid malformations as well as side effects of medications and therapeutic actions. Because of that, the prevention is not fully attainable. CH manifests clinically in a few distinctive forms: primary, permanent or transient, and secondary. Their etiologies and implications bear little resemblance. Therefore, the exact diagnosis and differentiation between the subtypes of CH are crucial in order to plan an effective treatment. Hypothyroxinemia of prematurity indicates dynamic changes in thyroid hormone levels dependent on neonatal postmenstrual age, which directly affects patient's maintenance and wellbeing. The basis of a successful treatment relies on an early and accurate diagnosis. Neonatal screening is a recommended method of detecting CH in preterm newborns. The preferred approach involves testing serum TSH and fT4 concentrations and assessing their levels according to the cut-off values. The possible benefits also include the evaluation of CH subtype. Nevertheless, the reference range of thyroid hormones varies all around the world and impedes the introduction of universal testing recommendations. Unification of the methodology in neonatal screening would be advantageous for prevention and management of CH. Current guidelines recommend levothyroxine treatment of CH in preterm infants only when the diagnose is confirmed. Moreover, they underline the importance of the re-evaluation among preterm born infants due to the frequency of transient forms of hypothyroidism. However, results from multiple clinical trials are mixed and depend on the newborn's gestational age at birth. Some benefits of treatment are seen especially in the preterm infants born <29 weeks' gestation. The discrepancies among trials and guidelines create an urgent need to conduct more large sample size studies that could provide further analyses and consensus. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants. We discuss screening and treatment options and demonstrate present challenges and controversies.
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Koutaki D, Paltoglou G, Vourdoumpa A, Charmandari E. The Impact of Bisphenol A on Thyroid Function in Neonates and Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010168. [PMID: 35011041 PMCID: PMC8746969 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical widely used in plastic products that may have an adverse effect on several physiologic functions in children. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current knowledge of the impact of BPA concentrations on thyroid function in neonates, children, and adolescents. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Only case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that assessed the relationship between Bisphenol A and thyroid function in neonates and children aged <18 years were included. Initially, 102 articles were assessed, which were restricted to 73 articles after exclusion of duplicates. A total of 73 articles were assessed by two independent researchers based on the title/abstract and the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the eligibility criteria, 18 full-text articles were selected for further assessment. Finally, 12 full-text articles were included in the present systematic review. Results: The presented studies offer data that suggest a negative correlation of BPA concentrations with TSH in children, a gender-specific manner of action, and a potential effect on proper neurodevelopment. However, the results are inconclusive with respect to specific thyroid hormone concentrations and the effect on thyroid autoimmunity. Conclusion: The potential negative effect of BPA in the developing thyroid gland of children that may affect proper neurodevelopment, suggesting the need to focus future research on designing studies that elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the effects of BPA in thyroid function in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamanto Koutaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.P.); (A.V.)
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Aikaterini Vourdoumpa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.P.); (A.V.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-213-2013-384
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李 逢, 段 见, 章 印, 韩 思, 马 晓, 蔡 世, 李 利. Follow-up study of preterm infants with thyroid dysfunction after medication. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:1234-1241. [PMID: 34911606 PMCID: PMC8690711 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effect of levothyroxine sodium tablets on the growth and development and thyroid function in preterm infants with thyroid dysfunction. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for 82 preterm infants who were born in the Department of Obstetrics of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017, and these infants were hospitalized after birth in the Department of Neonatology of the hospital. They were regularly followed up to observe growth and development and thyroid function at the outpatient service of the Department of Neonatology. According to thyroid function test results, they were divided into an abnormal thyroid function group (observation group; n=31) and a normal thyroid function group (control group; n=51). The infants in the observation group were given oral administration of levothyroxine sodium tablets, while those in the control group were not given any treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of the physical and intelligence development and thyroid function of preterm infants with various gestational ages (28-<32 weeks, 32-<34 weeks, and 34-<37 weeks) after regular follow-up to the corrected age of 12 months. RESULTS There were no significant differences in physical development indices (body length, body weight, and head circumference) between the observation and control groups at various gestational ages after follow-up to the corrected age of 12 months (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the scores of each functional area of the Gesell Developmental Scale among the preterm infants with a gestational age of 28-<32 weeks and 32-<34 weeks after follow-up to the corrected age of 12 months (P>0.05). For the preterm infants with a gestational age of 34-<37 weeks, compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly lower score of gross motor ability at the age of 3 and 12 months, significantly lower scores of fine motor ability, language ability, and adaptation ability at the age of 12 months (P<0.05), and a significantly lower score of personal-social ability at the age of 3 months (P<0.05). However, the score of personal-social ability in the observation group was not significantly different from the control group at the age of 12 months (P>0.05). After 2-4 weeks of treatment with levothyroxine sodium tablets, the thyroid function of the 31 preterm infants with thyroid dysfunction returned to normal. Among the 31 infants, 21 (68%) achieved complete drug withdrawal, with normal results of neonatal screening (100%); 10 infants (32%) failed to achieve drug withdrawal, and only 2 (20%) out of the 10 infants had normal neonatal screening results (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early diagnosis and reasonable treatment can reduce the impact on growth and development in preterm infants with thyroid dysfunction. Most preterm infants tend to have transient thyroid dysfunction, while those with positive results of neonatal screening are more likely to develop permanent thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - 印红 章
- 云南省第一人民医院医学遗传科,云南昆明650032
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Figueroa PBS, Ferreira AFF, Britto LR, Doussoulin AP, Torrão ADS. Association between thyroid function and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1523-1543. [PMID: 34146214 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in metabolic parameters have been associated with an increased risk of dementia, among which thyroid function has gained great importance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in recent years. However, it remains unclear whether thyroid dysfunctions could influence and contribute to the beginning and/or progression of AD or if it results from AD. This systematic review was conducted to examine the association between thyroid hormone (TH) levels and AD. Medline, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Scopus, Scielo, and LILACS were searched, from January 2010 to March 2020. A total of 17 articles were selected. The studies reported alterations in TH and circadian rhythm in AD patients. Behavior, cognition, cerebral blood flow, and glucose consumption were correlated with TH deficits in AD patients. Whether thyroid dysfunctions and AD have a cause-effect relationship was inconclusive, however, the literature was able to provide enough data to corroborate a relationship between TH and AD. Although further studies are needed in this field, the current systematic review provides information that could help future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Belén Sepulveda Figueroa
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
- Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508900.
| | - Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508900.
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508900
| | | | - Andréa da Silva Torrão
- Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508900
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Yao C, Wu M, Liu M, Chen X, Zhu H, Xiong C, Wang D, Xiang Y, Suo G, Wang J, Sun H, Yuan C, Xia Y. Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones in a Chinese pediatrics: a prospective observational study of 1,279 healthy children. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2479-2488. [PMID: 34765471 PMCID: PMC8578761 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones are essential for early neurocognitive development and growth and development in childhood and adolescence. However, the reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid hormones in Chinese pediatric individuals remain unclear. This study aimed to establish thyroid hormone RIs for a Chinese pediatric population according to appropriate age- and sex-specific partitioning. METHODS In this prospective observational study, a total of 1,279 healthy children (singletons, aged from 1 day to 12 years) were recruited, and serum samples were analyzed on a Mindray automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer CL-6000i for thyroid hormone detection, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), and total thyroxine (T4). Age and sex-specific RIs were established, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in accordance with the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document C28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS Quantile testing revealed that the median (P50) and RIs [2.5th percentile (P2.5)-97.5th percentile (P97.5)] for TSH, FT3, T3, and T4 of males differed significantly from those of females (P<0.05), except for FT4 (P=0.483). For FT3 and T3, the RIs of males were higher than that of females, and the RI of T4 for males was narrower and higher than that of females [P2.5-P97.5: 72.33-171.60 vs. 72.31-176.27 nmol/L; P50: 116.75 vs. 113.47 nmol/L, P=0.011]. RIs for TSH, FT3, FT4, T3, and T4 showed sex- and age-specific properties and displayed a wide variation during the first month of life but gradually narrowed and concentrated with increasing age. In addition, RIs of TSH, FT3, FT4, and T3 in males differed significantly from females in the first month of life (TSH: 1.46-10.87 vs. 1.08-11.35 mIU/L; FT3: 2.96-7.08 vs. 2.35-7.27 pmol/L, FT4: 13.34-28.65 vs. 13.82-31.83 pmol/L; T3: 0.83-2.33 vs. 0.72-2.46 nmol/L). The RI of T4 also exhibited a difference between males and females in the 9- to 12-year age group (59.31-150.72 vs. 63.29-146.94 pmol/L for males and females, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric RIs of thyroid hormones display age- and sex-specific trends. The RIs established in this study will improve the accuracy of TSH assay result interpretations and clinical decision-making in clinical laboratories that utilize the Mindray analytical platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yao
- Health Care Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mo Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics & Metabolism, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Xiong
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guori Suo
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
The classical dogma states that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a major role in the regulation of temperature in neonates. However, although BAT has been studied in infants for more than a century, the knowledge about its physiological features at this stage of life is rather limited. This has been mainly due to the lack of appropriate investigation methods, ethically suitable for neonates. Here, we have applied non-invasive infrared thermography (IRT) to investigate neonatal BAT activity. Our data show that BAT temperature correlates with body temperature and that mild cold stimulus promotes BAT activation in newborns. Notably, a single short-term cold stimulus during the first day of life improves the body temperature adaption to a subsequent cold event. Finally, we identify that bone morphogenic protein 8B (BMP8B) is associated with the BAT thermogenic response in neonates. Overall, our data uncover key features of the setup of BAT thermogenesis in newborns.
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Salazar P, Villaseca P, Cisternas P, Inestrosa NC. Neurodevelopmental impact of the offspring by thyroid hormone system-disrupting environmental chemicals during pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111345. [PMID: 34087190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Everyday use chemicals have been demonstrated to be endocrine disruptors. Since normal thyroid function during pregnancy is transcendental for the neurodevelopment of the offspring, knowledge of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) is of main importance. The aim of our study is to recognize and describe EDC actions in pregnant women and focus on neurodevelopmental processes that can lead to neurotransmitter imbalance and cognitive impairment, and the possible clinical outcomes in the newborn and child. We searched PubMed databases for animal studies and clinical trials evaluating chemicals recognized as thyroid disruptors -perchlorate, phthalates, bisphenol A-, as well as chemicals with potential thyroid disruption activity -parabens, pesticides and persistent organic pollutants, on thyroid hormones (THs) levels and their bioavailability during pregnancy, and the outcome in newborns, infants and children. We also exhibit evidence from worldwide cohort studies to this regard. The publications reviewed show: 1) known endocrine disruptors have an association with hormonal thyroid levels, where an effect of increase or decrease in TH concentrations has been reported depending on the chemical exposed 2) associations between TH, EDCs and neurocognitive disorders have been addressed, such as ADHD, though no conclusive impact on potential related disorders as autism has been established, 3) perchlorate has demonstrated effects on thyroid levels on iodine uptake. In conclusion, detrimental risks and long-term consequences after in-utero exposure to EDCs are being reported in several cohort studies and further research must be conducted to establish a well-known cause-effect association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Salazar
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Villaseca
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Di Liegro I. Involvement of Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2693. [PMID: 34070729 PMCID: PMC8197921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and maturation of the mammalian brain are regulated by thyroid hormones (THs). Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism cause serious anomalies in the organization and function of the nervous system. Most importantly, brain development is sensitive to TH supply well before the onset of the fetal thyroid function, and thus depends on the trans-placental transfer of maternal THs during pregnancy. Although the mechanism of action of THs mainly involves direct regulation of gene expression (genomic effects), mediated by nuclear receptors (THRs), it is now clear that THs can elicit cell responses also by binding to plasma membrane sites (non-genomic effects). Genomic and non-genomic effects of THs cooperate in modeling chromatin organization and function, thus controlling proliferation, maturation, and metabolism of the nervous system. However, the complex interplay of THs with their targets has also been suggested to impact cancer proliferation as well as metastatic processes. Herein, after discussing the general mechanisms of action of THs and their physiological effects on the nervous system, we will summarize a collection of data showing that thyroid hormone levels might influence cancer proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata) (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Koren D, Sparger KA, Shailam R, Sadow PM. Case 13-2021: A Newborn Girl with a Neck Mass. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:1647-1655. [PMID: 33913642 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc2100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Koren
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (D.K., K.A.S.), Radiology (R.S.), and Pathology (P.M.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Pediatrics (D.K., K.A.S.), Radiology (R.S.), and Pathology (P.M.S.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Katherine A Sparger
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (D.K., K.A.S.), Radiology (R.S.), and Pathology (P.M.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Pediatrics (D.K., K.A.S.), Radiology (R.S.), and Pathology (P.M.S.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Randheer Shailam
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (D.K., K.A.S.), Radiology (R.S.), and Pathology (P.M.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Pediatrics (D.K., K.A.S.), Radiology (R.S.), and Pathology (P.M.S.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Peter M Sadow
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (D.K., K.A.S.), Radiology (R.S.), and Pathology (P.M.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Pediatrics (D.K., K.A.S.), Radiology (R.S.), and Pathology (P.M.S.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
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Dodds WJ. Early Life Vaccination of Companion Animal Pets. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:92. [PMID: 33513703 PMCID: PMC7910975 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the immune system of mammalian animal species parallels that of humans and involves the innate and adaptive (acquired) immune responses acting together with the thymus gland. Consequently, issues surrounding the adequacy and safety of vaccinations to protect pet animals from their relevant infectious diseases need to be addressed just as they are for humans. Pet animals, especially canines, also have unique needs because of the wide diversity of purebred and mixed breeds that vary greatly in size, type, temperament, and even maturation rates. Furthermore, pets in early life encounter a series of changes that can affect their development and induce stressors including parasite control, new homes and environment, novel foods, and the socialization that is essential at a time when vaccinations need to be given. While recognizing that this overall need is becoming more understood, current vaccination policy guidelines for companion animals are still only adhered to by about 40% of veterinarians worldwide. Clearly, vaccination of pets should no longer be considered as "one size fits all".
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jean Dodds
- Hemopet, 11561 Salinaz Avenue, Garden Grove, CA 92843, USA
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Liang C, Han Y, Ma L, Wu X, Huang K, Yan S, Li Z, Xia X, Pan W, Sheng J, Wang Q, Tong S, Cao Y, Tao F. Low levels of arsenic exposure during pregnancy and maternal and neonatal thyroid hormone parameters: The determinants for these associations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106114. [PMID: 33035893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential maternal and neonatal thyrotoxicity associated with exposure to arsenic during pregnancy is very limited and unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the associations between arsenic exposure levels in maternal and cord serum and maternal and neonatal thyroid hormone parameters in a prospective birth cohort study. METHODS The study including 2089 mother-neonate pairs was based upon Ma'an Shan birth cohort study in China. The exposure variables including maternal serum arsenic levels in the first, second and third trimester and average arsenic exposure level during pregnancy and cord serum arsenic level. Maternal serum TSH and FT4 levels in the first, second and third trimester and cord serum TSH and FT4 levels were determined using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with Cobas Elecsys 411. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between arsenic exposure variables during pregnancy and maternal thyroid hormone parameters, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between arsenic exposure during pregnancy and neonatal thyroid hormone parameters. Bayesian kernal machine regression (BKMR) analyses based on a kernel function were also used to examine the effects of exposure to metal mixtures (arsenic, mercury, cadmium and selenium). RESULTS The geometric means of arsenic exposure levels across 3 trimesters were 1.74 μg/L, 1.81 μg/L and 1.99 μg/L, respectively, and 1.90 μg/L in cord serum; the geometric means of maternal FT4 levels across 3 trimesters were 16.91 pmol/L, 11.91 pmol/L and 13.16 pmol/L, respectively, and 16.10 pmol/L in cord serum; the geometric means of maternal TSH levels across 3 trimesters were 1.27 μIU/mL, 2.32 μIU/mL and 2.08 μIU/mL, respectively, and 8.47 μIU/mL in cord serum. Maternal serum arsenic levels in the first, seond, third trimester and average arsenic exposure level during pregnancy were all not associated with maternal thyroid hormone parameters after adjustment for all the covariates, the adjusted β (95% CI) were -0.002 (-0.10 to 0.09), 0.05 (-0.05 to 0.16), -0.09 (-0.17 to 0.003) and -0.05 (-0.22 to 0.11) for maternal FT4, respectively; and -0.005 (-0.04 to 0.03), -0.003 (-0.04 to 0.03), -0.004 (-0.03 to 0.02) and -0.01 (-0.06 to 0.04) for maternal lnTSH, respectively. Maternal serum arsenic levels in the first, second trimester and average arsenic exposure level during pregnancy were all inversely associated with neonatal FT4 level after adjustment for all the confounders, the adjusted β (95% CI) were -0.19 (-0.31 to -0.07), -0.14 (-0.26 to -0.01), -0.22 (-0.42 to -0.02), respectively; and cord serum arsenic level was positively related with neonatal TSH level, the adjusted β (95% CI) were 0.04 (0.001 to 0.08). The adverse joint toxic effect of the four metals in maternal serum in the first trimester and in cord serum on neonatal thyroid hormone parameters were also found. CONCLUSIONS In this study, exposure to low levels of arsenic during pregnancy could directly affect neonatal thyroid hormone parameters without being mediated by maternal effect of exposure, and maternal serum arsenic levels in the first, second trimester and average arsenic exposure level during pregnancy and cord serum arsenic level may be risk factors affecting neonatal thyroid hormones. These findings indicate that neonates are more sensitive to the thyrotoxicity of arsenic exposure even at low levels. In addition, the adverse joint toxic effect of metal mixtures is also worthy of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Liang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liya Ma
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Healthcare (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - Zhijuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xun Xia
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Healthcare (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Shi R, Zhang M, Chen Y, Han M, Xu P, Li M, Ding Y, Zhang X, Kou Y, Xu H, Zong F, Liu X, Wang H, He H, Liu Q, Kong W, Niu S, Li X, Huang L, Lu Q, Wang X, Deng L, Yang Z, Zhang X, Sun R, Zhao R, Shi J, Peng F, Sun X, Zhao G, Zhao X, Ge Y, Zhang N, Zhu R, Li J, Li H, Hao H, Yu Y. Dynamic Change of Thyroid Hormones With Postmenstrual Age in Very Preterm Infants Born With Gestational Age <32 Weeks: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:585956. [PMID: 33859613 PMCID: PMC8043151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.585956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the relationship between thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in relation to postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm infants is still unclear, and there is no reliable standard thyroid hormone reference ranges, resulting in different diagnostic criteria for congenital hypothyroidism been used by different newborn screening programs and different countries. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between TSH/FT4 and PMA in very preterm infants (VPIs) born with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks and to derive thyroid function reference charts based on PMA. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed on VPIs born with GA<32 weeks and born in or transferred to the 27 neonatal intensive care units from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Serial TSH and FT4 values were measured at the end of each week during the first month after birth and also at PMA36 weeks, PMA40 weeks and at discharge, respectively. The 2.5th, 5th, 50th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles of TSH and FT4 of different PMA groups were calculated to draw the percentile charts based on PMA. RESULTS 1,093 preterm infants were included in this study. The percentile charts of TSH and FT4 levels based on PMA were drawn respectively, and the result indicated that the percentile charts of TSH values were gradually increased initially and then decreased with increasing PMA. The 97.5th percentile chart reached the peak at PMA30 weeks (17.38μIU/ml), and then decreased gradually, reaching the same level as full-term infants (9.07μIU/ml) at PMA38-40 weeks. The 2.5th percentile chart of FT4 was at its lowest point at PMA26-27 weeks (5.23pmol/L), then increased slowly with PMA and reached the same level as full-term infants at PMA38-40 weeks (10.87pmol/L). At PMA36 weeks, the reference intervals of the 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of TSH and FT4 were 1.18-12.3μIU/ml and 8.59-25.98pmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSION The percentile charts of TSH and FT4 in VPIs showed characteristic change with PMA. The results prompt that age-related cutoffs, instead of a single reference range, might be more useful to explain the thyroid function of VPIs. And repeated screening is necessary for preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meiying Han
- Department of Neonatology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neonatology, Linyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yanjie Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Kou
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangru Zong
- Department of Neonatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinjian Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Haiying He
- Department of Neonatology, Baogang Third Hospital of Hongci Group, Baotou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Weikang Kong
- Department of Neonatology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shiping Niu
- Department of Neonatology, Zibo Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Department of Neonatology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Zhenying Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Taian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Taian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Rongrong Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Riming Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Juxian People’s Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Second People’s Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
| | - Fudong Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Second People’s Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xueming Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Guoying Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- Department of Neonatology, Liaocheng Dongchangfu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Renxia Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Linzi District People’s Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Huijuan Hao
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghui Yu,
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