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Hayati H, Nurhaeni N, Wanda D, Nuraidah. Understanding the experiences of caregivers of HIV-exposed children under five: A phenomenological inquiry. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2023; 9:152-158. [PMID: 37469580 PMCID: PMC10353593 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children born to mothers with HIV require special care from the womb to the postnatal period, and caregivers involved in their care face several challenges. Objective This study aimed to explore caregivers' experiences providing care for HIV-exposed children under five. Methods This study employed a phenomenological approach. Ten caregivers of HIV-exposed children living in Jakarta, Indonesia, were selected using snowball techniques. Online in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from September 2021 to July 2022, and thematic analysis using Colaizzi's method was performed for data analysis. Results The study involved ten caregivers (nine females and one male) aged between 23 and 42 years. Seven of them were mothers who tested HIV-positive, while one was an adoptive father, one was a mother's sister, and one was an aunt of HIV-exposed children. The majority of them were housewives and had a low educational background. Three themes were generated: (i) disease-transmission foreboding, (ii) prejudice against mothers and children exposed to HIV, and (iii) seeking support. Conclusion Caring for HIV-exposed children poses emotional and physical challenges for caregivers, necessitating support from health professionals and peer groups. Nurses play essential roles in improving caregiver well-being and supporting optimal growth and development in HIV-exposed children under five by designing intervention programs. Furthermore, to enhance home-based HIV care in Indonesia, the government must implement social interventions that target families with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happy Hayati
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nani Nurhaeni
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dessie Wanda
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nuraidah
- Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi Sulianti Saroso, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
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Smoyer AB, Ferris S, Earnshaw VA. Incarcerated People Living with HIV: A Qualitative Exploration of Stigma. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2022; 47:274-283. [PMID: 36053259 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of people living with HIV are incarcerated in the United States. Research about this vulnerable community has focused on access and adherence to medical care, including the impact of stigma on these treatment outcomes. This study presents qualitative data collected from 18 incarcerated and formerly incarcerated men and women living with HIV to expand knowledge about how HIV stigma shapes the lived experience of incarceration. The HIV Stigma Framework, including theory about enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma, was used to analyze participants' narratives. Findings demonstrate an ongoing struggle with all three of these stigma mechanisms. Most participants deliberately concealed their HIV status and, therefore, experienced little enacted stigma. However, their narratives do describe anticipated stigma and, to a lesser extent, internalized stigma. There were gender differences in HIV disclosure and symbolic stigma and intersectionality are used to understand this variation. These findings illustrate the persistence of HIV stigma in correctional institutions and underscore the importance of fighting HIV stigma and homophobia within social work practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Smoyer
- Amy B. Smoyer, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Social Work, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - Shannon Ferris
- Shannon Ferris, MSW, is a social worker, Boston, MA, USA. During the time that she was working on this article, she was an undergraduate research assistant at Southern Connecticut State University
| | - Valerie A Earnshaw
- Valerie A. Earnshaw, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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HIV Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitude towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Medical Students in Jordan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020745. [PMID: 35055566 PMCID: PMC8775845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The stigmatizing attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can be a major barrier to effective patient care. As future physicians, medical students represent a core group that should be targeted with focused knowledge and adequate training to provide patient care without prejudice. The aim of the current study was to examine HIV/AIDS knowledge, and the stigmatizing attitude towards PLWHA, among medical students in Jordan. The current study was based on a self-administered online questionnaire, which was distributed during March–May 2021, involving students at the six medical schools in Jordan, with items assessing demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, and HIV/AIDS stigmatizing attitude, which was evaluated using the validated HIV-stigma scale. The total number of respondents was 1362, with predominance of females (n = 780, 57.3%). Lack of HIV/AIDS knowledge among the study participants was notable for the following items: HIV transmission through breastfeeding (40.8% correct responses), HIV is not transmitted through saliva (42.6% correct responses), and vertical transmission of HIV can be prevented (48.8% correct responses). Approximately two-thirds of the respondents displayed a positive attitude towards PLWHA. For six out of the 14 HIV/AIDS knowledge items, lack of knowledge was significantly correlated with a more negative attitude towards PLWHA. Multinomial regression analysis showed that a significantly more negative attitude towards PLWHA was found among the pre-clinical students compared to the clinical students (odds ratio (OR): 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.97, p = 0.036); and that affiliation to medical schools that were founded before 2000 was associated with a more positive attitude towards PLWHA compared to affiliation to recently founded medical schools in the country (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.42–2.42, p < 0.001). About one-third of medical students who participated in the study displayed a negative attitude towards PLWHA. Defects in HIV/AIDS knowledge were detected for aspects involving HIV transmission and prevention, and such defects were correlated with a more negative attitude towards PLWHA. It is recommended to revise the current medical training curricula, and to tailor improvements in the overall HIV/AIDS knowledge, which can be reflected in a more positive attitude towards PLWHA, particularly for the recently established medical schools in the country.
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Sukartini T, Nursalam N, Arifin H. The determinants of willingness to care for people living with HIV-AIDS: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:809-817. [PMID: 33639031 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acceptance and willingness to care for people living with HIV-AIDS (PLHA) in society is still a concern. The purpose of this study is to analyse the determinants of willingness to care for PLHA in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to process the secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) conducted in 2017. A total sample of 13,731 individuals was obtained by a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. The variables used were socioeconomic characteristics (age, sex, education, wealth quintile, residence, employment status and earnings), knowledge about HIV-AIDS, information about HIV-AIDS and willingness to care for PLHA. Binary logistic regressions were used to analyse the data. According to the data from IDHS 2017, 71.84% of total respondents in Indonesia are willing to care for PLHA. Female respondents, individuals in all wealth quintiles and those who have more information are more likely to care for PLHA. Respondents aged 35-49 years old and currently working are less likely to care for PLHA. However, level of education, level of knowledge, residence and earnings are not related willingness to care for PLHA. The dissemination of correct and accurate information about HIV-AIDS can help the community and society understand this condition. Thus, community members can accept PLHA and become more willing to provide care. The government can determine further policies for the appropriate dissemination of information, maximally and in accordance with recommendations. Collaborations among the government, health workers and the community are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hidayat Arifin
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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5
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6
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Irfan A, Kazmi SK, Anwar Z, Khan FMA, Khan J, Arif Y, Noor M, Shakil A, Hassan W, Ali R, Tariq S, Tariq N, Mahmood S, Fatima K. Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding HIV transmission, prevention and associated factors in Karachi, Pakistan - A cross-sectional study. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2019; 21:46-50. [PMID: 31395233 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the misconceptions and attitude regarding HIV transmission and prevention among antenatal mothers, with regards to mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) in three tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. METHODS A cross-sectional study comprising 350 pregnant females was conducted at three tertiary care hospitals in Karachi for 4 months, in 2018. A structured questionnaire covering knowledge about MTCT, prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) and attitudes about HIV transmission was used and all collected data entered and analyzed via SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software version 25, owned by the IBM Company. PRINCIPLE RESULTS Of the 350 pregnant females participating, around 66.7% (N = 232) were urban residents, lying in their mid-twenties and over 86% (N = 303) were Muslims. Over 14.3% (N = 52) of the participants had full knowledge regarding MTCT of HIV, with only 6% of the respondents having full knowledge related to PMTCT of HIV. Significant associations were found between knowledge about MTCT and residence (p = 0.001), education level (p = 0.001) and expected response from the partner (p = 0.001). While only 17% (60 out of 350) women agreed to invite their partner for testing, 84% showed an interest in looking after an HIV infected family member and 49% believed that all pregnant females should be tested for HIV. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that majority of the pregnant women in Karachi are unaware of MTCT and PMTCT and they are reluctant towards routine HIV testing. Thus, we see the need for collective and focused efforts for educational programs and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeerah Irfan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Zoha Anwar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Javeria Khan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yumna Arif
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maria Noor
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Shakil
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wardah Hassan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rimmel Ali
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Salman Tariq
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveen Tariq
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samar Mahmood
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Stigma Management Trajectories in Youth with Perinatally Acquired HIV and Their Families: A Qualitative Perspective. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:2682-2692. [PMID: 28058566 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explores how family, secrecy and silence contribute to the adoption of stigma management strategies among youth with perinatally acquired HIV (PAHIV). A qualitative method was used. Eighteen youths with PAHIV aged 13-22 years old took part in a semi-structured interview. An exploratory content analysis was performed. Analyses of interviews allowed identification of two HIV stigma management trajectories, both sensitive to the family context: [1] a consolidation of family ties, which contributes to solidarity in stigma management; and [2] a weakening or dissolution of family ties, which contributes to solitary stigma management strategy. Family conditions that support the children in their efforts to develop active stigma management strategies are described. Children likely to experience weakening or dissolution family ties must build strong bonds in the clinical environment and maintain these into adulthood so as to afford them the support they need.
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Kennedy VL, Collins M, Yudin MH, Serghides L, Walmsley S, Angel JB, Ongoiba F, Powis J, Smaill F, Tharao W, Rachlis A, Silverman M, Sandre R, Regier DA, Loutfy M. Exploring the Factors Considered by People Living with HIV and Their Partners during Preconception. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2016; 16:239-246. [PMID: 28485707 DOI: 10.1177/2325957416682089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Data are lacking on factors that may impact conception-related decision-making among individuals living with HIV. This study's aim was to shed light on these considerations. Participants were invited to complete a survey on preconception considerations. A rank-ordered logit model was fit to estimate the relative importance of listed consideration factors; the interaction of HIV status and the factors was assessed. Fifty-nine participants living with HIV and 18 partners (11 HIV-negative participants and 7 living with HIV) were included. Risk of vertical and horizontal HIV transmission and the effect of antiretroviral therapy on the fetus were the top considerations. However, individuals living with HIV prioritized vertical transmission, whereas HIV-negative participants prioritized horizontal transmission. Other factors of importance were probability of conception, stress of trying to conceive, cost associated with fertility clinics, and stigma associated with certain conception methods. This study builds our understanding of the preconception considerations for people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Logan Kennedy
- 1 Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Micaela Collins
- 1 Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark H Yudin
- 1 Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Serghides
- 1 Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 SA Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,6 Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,7 Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Walmsley
- 6 Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,8 Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,9 Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- 10 Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,11 Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fanta Ongoiba
- 12 Africans in Partnership Against AIDS, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Powis
- 13 Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto East General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fiona Smaill
- 14 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wangari Tharao
- 15 Women's Health in Women's Hands, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Rachlis
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,16 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Silverman
- 17 Infectious Disease Care Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,18 Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University (The University of Western Ontario), London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Sandre
- 19 HAVEN Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean A Regier
- 20 Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,21 School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mona Loutfy
- 1 Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Islam MS, Scott J, Minichiello V. A qualitative exploration of parental experiences of stigma while living with HIV in Bangladesh. AIDS Care 2015; 28:247-9. [PMID: 26279471 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1074651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With much of the focus on the "risk" groups, families have often been less studied in HIV research. Further, because of a focus on the aetiology and epidemiology of HIV, the social impacts associated with HIV on families and neighbours are sometimes overlooked. This study examined parental experiences of stigma and discrimination while living with HIV within a family context in Bangladesh. A qualitative research design using a grounded theory approach was used for this research. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 19 HIV-positive parents, recruited with the support of two self-help groups of HIV-positive people, in two settings namely Khulna and Dhaka in Bangladesh. The findings indicate that HIV-positive parents held the view that they continue to experience significant stigma and their narratives clearly show how this affected them and their children. A range of informal practices were enacted in everyday contexts by extended family and community members to identify, demarcate and limit the social interaction of HIV-positive parents. Parents highlighted a number of factors including negative thoughts and behaviours, rejection, isolation and derogatory remarks as manifestations of stigma and discrimination, impacting upon them and their children because of their association with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahidul Islam
- a School of Health , University of New England , Armidale , NSW 2351 , Australia
| | - John Scott
- b Faculty of Law , School of Justice, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland 4001 , Australia
| | - Victor Minichiello
- c The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia.,d Emeritus Professor , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
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Asuquo EF, Adejumo P, Etowa J, Adejumo A. Fear of HIV Susceptibility Influencing Burden of Care among Nurses in South-East Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/wja.2013.33031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Eustace RW. A discussion of HIV/AIDS family interventions: implications for family-focused nursing practice. J Adv Nurs 2012; 69:1660-72. [PMID: 22989222 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM This article presents a discussion on the role of family interventions in HIV/AIDS disease prevention and care. BACKGROUND Although HIV/AIDS epidemic and its impact on the society traditionally has been measured in terms of individual risk behaviours and individual-level HIV prevention, HIV/AIDS family-focused prevention and management strategies are increasingly becoming a priority. However, little is known as to what constitutes a HIV/AIDS family intervention. DATA SOURCES The search was limited to English and published literature starting in the year 1983 to date. CINAHL and PubMed were emphasized using a combination of text words and subject headings. Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Scopus, and the ISI Web of Science databases were also searched using keywords and in the case of PsycInfo, subject headings were used. The main keywords were 'nurse', or 'nursing', 'HIV/AIDS', 'family interventions', 'family support' and 'family education', and/or 'family subsystems'. DISCUSSION The process of theorizing about 'family interventions' and 'HIV/AIDS-family interventions' is critical for putting forth essential components unique for designing culturally specific HIV/AIDS family interventions. In addition, any proposed design of HIV/AIDS family intervention should consider the impact of HIV/AIDS on the family across the family life span, disease trajectory, and from an interdisciplinary perspective. CONCLUSION Training needs of family nurses should be met when designing multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS-FIs. Furthermore, nurses should be proactive in advocating for HIV/AIDS family intervention and HIV/AIDS family policies to improve outcomes in family functioning, processes, and relationships. More needs to be done in regard to research on families, family interventions, effectiveness, and cost of family-focused approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary W Eustace
- College of Nursing and Health, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
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Ndebele P, Musesengwa R. View point: Ethical dilemmas in malaria vector research in Africa: making the difficult choice between mosquito, science and humans. Malawi Med J 2012; 24:65-68. [PMID: 23638277 PMCID: PMC3576825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria vector studies are a very important aspect of malaria research as they assist researchers to learn more about the malaria vector. Research programmes in various African countries include studies that assess various methods of preventing malaria transmission including controlling the malaria vector. Various institutions have also established mosquito colonies that are maintained by staff from the institutions. Malaria vector research presents several dilemmas relating to the various ways in which humans are used in the malaria vector research enterprise. A review of the past and present practices reveals much about the prevailing attitudes and assumptions with regard to the ethical conduct of research involving humans. The focus on the science of malaria vector research has led some researchers in African institutions to engage in questionable practices which reveal the ethical tensions inherent in the choice between science and the principles of justice, nonmaleficence and respect for individuals. The analysis of past and present choices in malaria vector research has relevance to broader questions of human dignity and are in line with the current emphasis on ethical research worldwide.
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Beck DW, Lalota M, Metsch LR, Cardenas GA, Forrest DW, Lieb S, Liberti TM. HIV prevention and transmission myths among heterosexually active adults in low-income areas of South Florida. AIDS Behav 2012; 16:751-60. [PMID: 21538087 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-9953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Misconceptions about HIV transmission and prevention may inhibit individuals' accurate assessment of their level of risk. We used venue-based sampling to conduct a cross-sectional study of heterosexually active adults (N = 1,221) within areas exhibiting high poverty and HIV/AIDS rates in Miami-Dade and Broward counties in 2007. Two logistic regression analyses identified correlates of holding inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission and prevention. Belief in incorrect HIV prevention methods (27.2%) and modes of transmission (38.5%) was common. Having at least one incorrect prevention belief was associated with being Hispanic compared to white (non-Hispanic), being depressed, and not knowing one's HIV status. Having at least one incorrect transmission belief was associated with being younger, heavy alcohol use, being depressed, not having seen a physician in the past 12 months, and not knowing one's HIV status. Among low-income heterosexuals, HIV prevention and transmission myths are widespread. Debunking them could have HIV prevention value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dano W Beck
- Florida Department of Health, Bureau of HIV/AIDS, 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin #A09, Tallahassee, FL 32399, USA.
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Murphy DA, Roberts KJ, Herbeck DM. HIV Disease Impact on Mothers: What They Miss During Their Children's Developmental Years. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2011; 20:361-369. [PMID: 21637348 PMCID: PMC3087110 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-010-9400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adjusting to chronic illness is very complicated for families with children, as they are already faced with the challenge of development and childrearing. In this study, qualitative interviews were conducted with HIV positive mothers on a number of issues related to being an HIV positive mother raising young children. One topic of the interview was whether or not they felt that HIV had caused them to miss activities with their children while the children were growing up, what types of activities they had missed, the age of the child for each example, and how HIV had led to missing these activities. Interviews were conducted in 2008 with a random sample of 57 mothers being followed in a longitudinal assessment study. All study participants were English or Spanish speaking. Mean age was 44.1 (SD = 5.6) years; 47% were Latina; 35% African American; 11% White; and 7% other race. About 60% of the mothers disclosed that their HIV status had caused them to miss out on activities with their children while their children were growing up, ranging from daily care activities to major school and extra-curricular activities. Some mothers missed significant amounts of time with their children due to hospitalizations. In some cases mothers felt forced into a choice between mothering ability and their own health, including adherence to medications. Implications for the mothers and the children are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A. Murphy
- Health Risk Reduction Projects, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA
| | - Kathleen Johnston Roberts
- Health Risk Reduction Projects, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA
| | - Diane M. Herbeck
- Health Risk Reduction Projects, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA
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Flood EM, Block SL, Hall MC, Rousculp MD, Divino VM, Toback SL, Mahadevia PJ. Children's perceptions of influenza illness and preferences for influenza vaccine. J Pediatr Health Care 2011; 25:171-9. [PMID: 21514492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this qualitative study we explored children's perceptions of influenza, preferences for influenza vaccines, and ability to understand "risk" of vaccine adverse effects and different attributes between injectable and intranasal vaccines. METHOD In-person, semi-structured interviews were conducted among 28 U.S. children aged 6 through 12 years. RESULTS Many children understood the concept of influenza illness and believed vaccination was important. Efficacy, adverse effects, and mode of administration affected their preferences for influenza vaccines. Children 8 years of age and older were able to consider multiple attributes when selecting between hypothetical vaccines, and their responses were consistent with their previously stated preferences for individual attributes. Most children would prefer a nasal spray over a shot vaccine when all other vaccine attributes were equal. DISCUSSION Efficacy, adverse effects, and mode of administration were important factors in children's preferences for influenza vaccine. Children as young as 8 years of age appeared to understand vaccine "risk" and were able to consider multiple attributes simultaneously when choosing between vaccine alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emuella M Flood
- Oxford Outcomes, 7315 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 250W, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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17
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Kennedy DP, Cowgill BO, Bogart LM, Corona R, Ryan GW, Murphy DA, Nguyen T, Schuster MA. Parents' disclosure of their HIV infection to their children in the context of the family. AIDS Behav 2010; 14:1095-105. [PMID: 20509046 PMCID: PMC2936671 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-010-9715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We interviewed 33 HIV-infected parents from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), 27 of their minor children, 19 adult children, and 15 caregivers about the process of children learning that their parents were HIV positive. We summarize the retrospective descriptions of parents' disclosure of their HIV status to their children, from the perspective of multiple family members. We analyzed transcripts of these interviews with systematic qualitative methods. Both parents and children reported unplanned disclosure experiences with positive and negative outcomes. Parents sometimes reported that disclosure was not as negative as they feared. However, within-household analysis showed disagreement between parents and children from the same household regarding disclosure outcomes. These findings suggest that disclosure should be addressed within a family context to facilitate communication and children's coping. Parents should consider negative and positive outcomes, unplanned disclosure and children's capacity to adapt after disclosure when deciding whether to disclose.
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Corona R, Cowgill BO, Bogart LM, Parra MT, Ryan G, Elliott MN, Park SK, Patch J, Schuster MA. Brief report: a qualitative analysis of discussions about HIV in families of parents with HIV. J Pediatr Psychol 2008; 34:677-80. [PMID: 19028715 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore communication about HIV prevention, risk behaviors, and transmission in families affected by HIV. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 parents with HIV, 27 children (9- to 17-years old), and 19 adult children (>or=18-years old) across the U.S. Coders reviewed transcripts, identified themes, and coded transcripts. RESULTS Youth felt uncomfortable discussing HIV with their parent who has HIV because they worried about upsetting and reminding the parent of his/her illness. Adult children reported learning about HIV prevention by watching how the illness affected their parents. Few siblings reported talking with one another about HIV because they worried about upsetting their brother/sister and about their sibling unintentionally disclosing the parent's illness to others. CONCLUSIONS Discussions between youth and their parent with HIV and their siblings vary, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Corona
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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