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Casauria S, Lewis S, Lynch F, Saffery R. Australian parental perceptions of genomic newborn screening for non-communicable diseases. Front Genet 2023; 14:1209762. [PMID: 37434950 PMCID: PMC10330815 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1209762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) programs have improved neonatal healthcare since the 1960s. Genomic sequencing now offers potential to generate polygenic risk score (PRS) that could be incorporated into NBS programs, shifting the focus from treatment to prevention of future noncommunicable disease (NCD). However, Australian parents' knowledge and attitudes regarding PRS for NBS is currently unknown. Methods: Parents with at least one Australian-born child under 18 years were invited via social media platforms to complete an online questionnaire aimed at examining parents' knowledge of NCDs, PRS, and precision medicine, their opinions on receiving PRS for their child, and considerations of early-intervention strategies to prevent the onset of disease. Results: Of 126 participants, 90.5% had heard the term "non-communicable disease or chronic condition," but only 31.8% and 34.4% were aware of the terms "polygenic risk score" and "precision medicine" respectively. A large proportion of participants said they would consider screening their newborn to receive a PRS for allergies (77.9%), asthma (81.0%), cancer (64.8%), cardiovascular disease (65.7%), mental illness (56.7%), obesity (49.5%), and type 2 diabetes (66.7%). Additionally, participants would primarily consider diet and exercise as interventions for specific NCDs. Discussion: The results from this study will inform future policy for genomic NBS, including expected rate of uptake and interventions that parents would consider employing to prevent the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Casauria
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon Lewis
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Lynch
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Rahimzadeh V, Friedman JM, de Wert G, Knoppers BM. Exome/Genome-Wide Testing in Newborn Screening: A Proportionate Path Forward. Front Genet 2022; 13:865400. [PMID: 35860465 PMCID: PMC9289115 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.865400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based newborn screening (NBS) is among the most effective public health programs ever launched, improving health outcomes for newborns who screen positive worldwide through early detection and clinical intervention for genetic disorders discovered in the earliest hours of life. Key to the success of newborn screening programs has been near universal accessibility and participation. Interest has been building to expand newborn screening programs to also include many rare genetic diseases that can now be identified by exome or genome sequencing (ES/GS). Significant declines in sequencing costs as well as improvements to sequencing technologies have enabled researchers to elucidate novel gene-disease associations that motivate possible expansion of newborn screening programs. In this paper we consider recommendations from professional genetic societies in Europe and North America in light of scientific advances in ES/GS and our current understanding of the limitations of ES/GS approaches in the NBS context. We invoke the principle of proportionality-that benefits clearly outweigh associated risks-and the human right to benefit from science to argue that rigorous evidence is still needed for ES/GS that demonstrates clinical utility, accurate genomic variant interpretation, cost effectiveness and universal accessibility of testing and necessary follow-up care and treatment. Confirmatory or second-tier testing using ES/GS may be appropriate as an adjunct to conventional newborn screening in some circumstances. Such cases could serve as important testbeds from which to gather data on relevant programmatic barriers and facilitators to wider ES/GS implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Rahimzadeh
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jan M. Friedman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guido de Wert
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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3
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Crossnohere NL, Armstrong N, Fischer R, Bridges JFP. Diagnostic experiences of Duchenne families and their preferences for newborn screening: A mixed-methods study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:169-177. [PMID: 35943031 PMCID: PMC9804254 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common form of muscular dystrophy diagnosed in childhood but is not routinely screened for prenatally or at birth in the United States. We sought to characterize the diagnostic experiences of families and describe their preferences for newborn screening (NBS). We conducted a registry-based survey of families with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy that included open- and closed-ended questions regarding the journey to a diagnosis, preferences for when to learn of a diagnosis, and how knowledge of a diagnosis would impact life decisions. Open-ended responses were analyzed thematically, and closed-ended responses were analyzed descriptively. Sixty-five families completed the survey. The average ages of first concern and diagnosis were 2 and 4 years, respectively. One-third of families (30%) indicated that they would prefer to receive a diagnosis in the newborn period irrespective of treatment options available, and nearly all of the remaining families (93%) indicated that they would want to learn about a diagnosis if there were treatments that worked well during the newborn period. All families (100%) indicated that a diagnosis in the newborn period would impact life decisions. We identified three overarching themes, which described the stages of the diagnostic journey, including having concerns about the child, seeking answers, and receiving the diagnosis. NBS can facilitate improved health outcomes through early access to care, and inform families on major health and nonhealth decisions. The preferences and experiences of families and other stakeholders should be considered when determining the potential value and benefit of expanding NBS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah L. Crossnohere
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA,Present address:
Department of Internal MedicineDivision of General Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Niki Armstrong
- Parent Project Muscular DystrophyWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Ryan Fischer
- Parent Project Muscular DystrophyWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - John F. P. Bridges
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
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Peterson L, Siemon A, Olewiler L, McBride KL, Allain DC. A qualitative assessment of parental experiences with false-positive newborn screening for Krabbe disease. J Genet Couns 2021; 31:252-260. [PMID: 34265137 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Numerous US states have implemented newborn screening for Krabbe disease (Krabbe NBS) as a result of legislative state mandates. While healthcare provider opinions toward Krabbe NBS have been documented, few studies have explored parental experiences and opinions regarding Krabbe NBS. Eleven families, who received a false-positive Krabbe NBS result and received genetic counseling at an institution in central Ohio, were consented to participate in semistructured interviews. Interviews explored parents' experiences throughout the NBS process and ascertained their opinions regarding Krabbe NBS. Three major themes emerged from thematic analysis: (1) improved understanding of the NBS process from a parent perspective, (2) the role of healthcare provider communication, and (3) the value of Krabbe NBS. Parents saw value in Krabbe NBS, despite many disclosing emotional distress and uncertainty throughout the NBS process. Parent experiences throughout the NBS process varied widely. Due to the expressed emotional distress, further research assessing effective communication during the NBS process is warranted. The researchers suggest additional NBS education for non-genetics healthcare providers (i.e., nurses or primary care physicians) and further participation of genetic counselors in the NBS process may benefit families with a positive Krabbe NBS result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiken Peterson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy Siemon
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leah Olewiler
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kim L McBride
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dawn C Allain
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Carlton J, Griffiths HJ, Horwood AM, Mazzone PP, Walker R, Simonsz HJ. Acceptability of childhood screening: a systematic narrative review. Public Health 2021; 193:126-138. [PMID: 33831694 PMCID: PMC8128098 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives A systematic narrative literature review was undertaken to assess the acceptability of childhood screening interventions to identify factors to consider when planning or modifying childhood screening programs to maximize participation and uptake. Study design This is a systematic narrative literature review. Methods Electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO via Ovid, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) to identify primary research studies that assessed screening acceptability. Studies were categorized using an existing theoretical framework of acceptability consisting of seven constructs: affective attitude, burden, ethicality, intervention coherence, opportunity costs, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy. A protocol was developed and registered with PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42018099763) Results The search identified 4529 studies, and 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies involved neonatal screening. Programs identified included newborn blood spot screening (n = 22), neonatal hearing screening (n = 13), Duchenne muscular dystrophy screening (n = 4), cystic fibrosis screening (n = 3), screening for congenital heart defects (n = 2), and others (n = 2). Most studies assessed more than one construct of acceptability. The most common constructs identified were affective attitude (how a parent feels about the program) and intervention coherence (parental understanding of the program, and/or the potential consequences of a confirmed diagnosis). Conclusions The main acceptability component identified related to parental knowledge and understanding of the screening process, the testing procedure(s), and consent. The emotional impact of childhood screening mostly explored maternal anxiety. Further studies are needed to examine the acceptability of childhood screening across the wider family unit. When planning new (or refining existing) childhood screening programs, it is important to assess acceptability before implementation. This should include assessment of important issues such as information needs, timing of information, and when and where the screening should occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carlton
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - H J Griffiths
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Health Sciences School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - A M Horwood
- Infant Vision Laboratory, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Infant Vision Laboratory, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - P P Mazzone
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - R Walker
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - H J Simonsz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, NL-3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Rebitschek F, Reisel D, Lein I, Wegwarth O. Epigenetic Risk Assessment of Female Cancers: Women’s Information Needs and Attitudes. Public Health Genomics 2019; 22:46-57. [DOI: 10.1159/000501975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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The value of diagnostic testing for parents of children with rare genetic diseases. Genet Med 2019; 21:2798-2806. [PMID: 31239560 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exome sequencing (ES) can rapidly identify disease-causing variants responsible for rare, single-gene diseases, and potentially reduce the duration of the diagnostic odyssey. Our study examines how parents and families value ES. METHODS We developed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey that was administered to parents of children with rare diseases. The DCE included 14 choice tasks with 6 attributes and 3 alternatives. A valuation-space model was used to estimate willingness to pay, willingness to wait for test results, and minimum acceptable chance of a diagnosis for changes in each attribute. RESULTS There were n = 319 respondents of whom 89% reported their child had genetic testing, and 66% reported their child had a diagnosis. Twenty-six percent reported that their child had been offered ES. Parents were willing to pay CAD$6590 (US$4943), wait 5.2 years to obtain diagnostic test results, and accept a reduction of 3.1% in the chance of a diagnosis for ES compared with operative procedures. CONCLUSION Timely access to ES could reduce the diagnostic odyssey and associated costs. Before ES is incorporated routinely into care for patients with rare diseases in Canada and more broadly, there must be a clear understanding of its value to patients and families.
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Tarini BA, Simon NJ, Payne K, Gebremariam A, Rose A, Prosser LA. An Assessment of Public Preferences for Newborn Screening Using Best-Worst Scaling. J Pediatr 2018; 201:62-68.e1. [PMID: 30025667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and quantify public preferences for attributes of newborn screening conditions. STUDY DESIGN We conducted an online national survey of the public (n = 502) to evaluate preferences for attributes of candidate newborn screening conditions. Respondents were presented with hypothetical condition profiles that were defined using 10 attributes with 2-6 levels per attribute. Participants indicated whether they would recommend screening for a condition and which condition attributes were most and least important when making this decision (best-worst scaling). Difference scores were calculated and stratified by condition recommendation (recommend or not recommend for screening). Regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of attributes on choice to screen or not screen. RESULTS The number of babies diagnosed was important to those who would recommend newborn screening for a profile, and age at which the treatment would start was important to those who would not recommend newborn screening. Cost was considered to be a key attribute, and treatment effectiveness and impact of making the diagnosis through newborn screening were of low importance for both groups. CONCLUSION Public preferences identified through survey methods that provide an adequate baseline understanding of newborn screening can be used to inform newborn screening decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Tarini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Child Health Research and Evaluation Center, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Norma-Jean Simon
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Katherine Payne
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Acham Gebremariam
- Child Health Research and Evaluation Center, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Angela Rose
- Child Health Research and Evaluation Center, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lisa A Prosser
- Child Health Research and Evaluation Center, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Ulph F, Wright S, Dharni N, Payne K, Bennett R, Roberts S, Walshe K, Lavender T. Provision of information about newborn screening antenatally: a sequential exploratory mixed-methods project. Health Technol Assess 2018; 21:1-240. [PMID: 28967862 DOI: 10.3310/hta21550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in the UK Newborn Bloodspot Screening Programme (NBSP) requires parental consent but concerns exist about whether or not this happens in practice and the best methods and timing to obtain consent at reasonable cost. OBJECTIVES To collate all possible modes of prescreening communication and consent for newborn (neonatal) screening (NBS); examine midwives', screening professionals' and users' views about the feasibility, efficiency and impact on understanding of each; measure midwives' and parents' preferences for information provision; and identify key drivers of cost-effectiveness for alternative modes of information provision. DESIGN Six study designs were used: (1) realist review - to generate alternative communication and consent models; (2) qualitative interviews with parents and health professionals - to examine the implications of current practice for understanding and views on alternative models; (3) survey and observation of midwives - to establish current costs; (4) stated preference surveys with midwives, parents and potential future parents - to establish preferences for information provision; (5) economic analysis - to identify cost-effectiveness drivers of alternative models; and (6) stakeholder validation focus groups and interviews - to examine the acceptability, views and broader impact of alternative communication and consent models. SETTING Providers and users of NBS in England. PARTICIPANTS Study 2: 45 parents and 37 health professionals; study 3: 22 midwives and eight observations; study 4: 705 adults aged 18-45 years and 134 midwives; and study 6: 12 health-care professionals and five parents. RESULTS The realist review identified low parental knowledge and evidence of coercive consent practices. Interview, focus group and stated preference data suggested a preference for full information, with some valuing this more than choice. Health professionals preferred informed choice models but parents and health professionals queried whether or not current consent was fully informed. Barriers to using leaflets effectively were highlighted. All studies indicated that a 'personalised' approach to NBS communication, allowing parents to select the mode and level of information suited to their learning needs, could have added value. A personalised approach should rely on midwife communication and should occur in the third trimester. Overall awareness was identified as requiring improvement. Starting NBS communication by alerting parents that they have a choice to make and telling them that samples could be stored are both likely to enhance engagement. The methods of information provision and maternal anxiety causing additional visits to health-care professionals were the drivers of relative cost-effectiveness. Lack of data to populate an economic analysis, confirmed by value of information analysis, indicated a need for further research. LIMITATIONS There are some limitations with regard to the range of participants used in studies 2 and 3 and so caution should be exercised when interpreting some of the results. CONCLUSIONS This project highlighted the importance of focusing on information receipt and identified key communication barriers. Health professionals strongly preferred informed consent, which parents endorsed if they were made aware of sample storage. Uniform models of information provision were perceived as ineffective. A choice of information provision was supported by health professionals and parents, which both enhances cost-effectiveness and improves engagement, understanding and the validity of consent. Remaining uncertainties suggest that more research is needed before new communication modes are introduced into practice. Future research should measure the impact of the suggested practice changes (informing in third trimester, information toolkits, changed role of midwife). TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN70227207. FUNDING This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 55. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Ulph
- Division of Mental Health and Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Wright
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nimarta Dharni
- Division of Mental Health and Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katherine Payne
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Stephen Roberts
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kieran Walshe
- Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tina Lavender
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kumar P, Iyengar H, Kumar P. Public Views on Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2017; 8:130-134. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135116674468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To understand public views on pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease. Methods: Two hundred thirteen adults read a brief vignette describing the importance of early detection of critical congenital heart disease and then answered five questions on a five-point scale of how likely or unlikely they were to support pulse oximetry screening. Responses were tabulated and analyzed using a Fisher exact test, and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for adjusted associations using generalized estimating equations. Results: Almost 90% of all participants expressed support for routine pulse oximetry screening. The possibility of false positives leading to a delay in discharge, and the potential need for transfer to another facility lowered support but did not reach a statistical significance. The overall support for pulse oximetry screening was strong and consistent between different participant demographics. Conclusion: A large majority of participants in this study support pulse oximetry screening for the early detection of critical congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Departments of Pediatrics, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Illinois, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Hari Iyengar
- Departments of Pediatrics, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prerna Kumar
- Departments of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Etchegary H, Nicholls SG, Tessier L, Simmonds C, Potter BK, Brehaut JC, Pullman D, Hayeems R, Zelenietz S, Lamoureux M, Milburn J, Turner L, Chakraborty P, Wilson B. Consent for newborn screening: parents' and health-care professionals' experiences of consent in practice. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1530-1534. [PMID: 27302842 PMCID: PMC5110054 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Consent processes for newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) are variable, with a lack of descriptive research that depicts how the offer of NBS is made to parents. We explored the experience, in practice, of consent for NBS. Semistructured interviews in two Canadian provinces were held with: (1) parents of children offered NBS (n=32); and (2) health-care professionals involved in the NBS process (n=19). Data on recollections of NBS, including consent processes, were utilized to identify emerging themes using the method of constant comparison. Three themes were relevant to NBS consent: (1) The 'offer' of NBS; (2) content and timing of information provision; and (3) the importance of parental experiences for consent decisions. Recollections of consent for NBS were similar between jurisdictions. Excepting midwives and their patients, NBS was viewed as a routine part of giving birth, with little evidence of an informed consent process. Although most parents were satisfied, all respondents suggested information about NBS be provided long before the birth. Accounts of parents who declined screening highlight the influence of parental experiences with the heel prick process in screening decisions. Findings further our understanding of consent in practice and highlight areas for improvement in parent-provider interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Etchegary
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Stuart G Nicholls
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laure Tessier
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlene Simmonds
- Health Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Beth K Potter
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daryl Pullman
- Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Robyn Hayeems
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sari Zelenietz
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Lamoureux
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Milburn
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley Turner
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Eastern Health, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Wilson
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Biobank participant support of newborn screening for disorders with variable treatment and intervention options. J Community Genet 2016; 7:291-302. [PMID: 27586542 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-016-0279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to better understand biobank participant opinions of the benefits of newborn screening (NBS) for certain disorder types and how terminology used in NBS discourse might impact stakeholder opinion. We conducted a between-subjects randomized survey of 5840 members of the Northwestern University Biobank. The survey contained 12 scenarios, each describing a disorder and its treatment. For each scenario, we varied the terminology used to describe treatment options. One survey version used the term intervention and the other treatment. The outcome measured for each scenario was perceived benefit (for the infant) and importance of testing (for participants). Comparisons were made between participants and between scenarios. Ratings of benefit and importance were not influenced by the use of the term intervention versus treatment within scenarios. Nuances existed in ratings of benefit to the infant and importance to participants amongst scenarios. Participants were most likely to perceive benefit and importance in screening for a disorder if treatment/intervention offered a high chance of improved outcomes. While participants perceived benefit to the infant and importance to themselves in screening for most disorders, nuances in inter-scenario ratings suggest participants weighed availability and type of treatment/intervention in consideration of the benefits of NBS.
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13
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Joseph G, Chen F, Harris-Wai J, Puck JM, Young C, Koenig BA. Parental Views on Expanded Newborn Screening Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Pediatrics 2016; 137 Suppl 1:S36-46. [PMID: 26729702 PMCID: PMC4939888 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-3731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The potential application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to state-mandated standard newborn screening (NBS) challenges the traditional public health approach to NBS and raises ethical, policy, and clinical practice issues. This article examines the perspectives and values of diverse healthy pregnant women and parents of children diagnosed with a primary immunodeficiency disorder about traditional NBS and expanded NBS with the use of WGS. METHODS We conducted 4 focus groups (3 in English and 1 in Spanish) with socioeconomically and ethnically diverse pregnant women (n = 26), and a comparison group with parents of children diagnosed with a primary immunodeficiency disorder (n = 5). RESULTS Pediatric policy-relevant themes that emerged from our analysis of the focus group data are presented within 4 categories: (1) perspectives on traditional NBS, (2) informed consent, (3) return of results, and (4) storage and retrieval of results. Analyses indicate that study participants desired greater inclusion in the NBS process. Despite an optimistic orientation to the potential benefits and limited harms likely to result from genomic applications of NBS, parents voiced concerns about privacy and control over test results. Limited trust in the medical system and the state-run NBS program informed these concerns. CONCLUSIONS Expanded NBS with WGS for pediatricians may require management of more genetic conditions, including mutations that convey risk to both the child and parents for adult-onset disorders, and an informed-consent process to manage the genomic data and storage of blood spots. Attention to how these technologies are understood in diverse populations is needed for effective implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen Joseph
- Address correspondence to Galen Joseph, PhD, Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, Box 0128, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143-0128. E-mail:
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Wright SJ, Jones C, Payne K, Dharni N, Ulph F. The Role of Information Provision in Economic Evaluations of Newborn Bloodspot Screening: A Systematic Review. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2015; 13:615-26. [PMID: 25995075 PMCID: PMC4751163 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-015-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which economic evaluations have included the healthcare resource and outcome-related implications of information provision in national newborn bloodspot screening programmes (NBSPs) is not currently known. OBJECTIVES To identify if, and how, information provision has been incorporated into published economic evaluations of NBSPs. METHODS A systematic review of economic evaluations of NBSPs (up to November 2014) was conducted. Three electronic databases were searched (Ovid: Medline, Embase, CINAHL) using an electronic search strategy combining a published economic search filter with terms related to national NBSPs and screening-related technologies. These electronic searches were supplemented by searching the NHS Economic Evaluations Database (NHS EED) and hand-searching identified study reference lists. The results were tabulated and summarised as part of a narrative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 27 economic evaluations [screening-related technologies (n = 11) and NBSPs (n = 16)] were identified. The majority of economic evaluations did not quantify the impact of information provision in terms of healthcare costs or outcomes. Five studies did include an estimate of the time cost associated with information provision. Four studies included a value to reflect the disutility associated with parental anxiety caused by false-positive results, which was used as a proxy for the impact of imperfect information. CONCLUSION A limited evidence base currently quantifies the impact of information provision on the healthcare costs and impact on the users of NBSPs; the parents of newborns. We suggest that economic evaluations of expanded NBSPs need to take account of information provision otherwise the impact on healthcare costs and the outcomes for newborns and their parents may be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Wright
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Cheryl Jones
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Katherine Payne
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nimarta Dharni
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Ulph
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Miller FA, Hayeems RZ, Bombard Y, Cressman C, Barg CJ, Carroll JC, Wilson BJ, Little J, Allanson J, Chakraborty P, Giguère Y, Regier DA. Public Perceptions of the Benefits and Risks of Newborn Screening. Pediatrics 2015; 136:e413-23. [PMID: 26169426 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing technological capacity and parent and professional advocacy highlight the need to understand public expectations of newborn population screening. METHODS We administered a bilingual (French, English) Internet survey to a demographically proportional sample of Canadians in 2013 to assess preferences for the types of diseases to be screened for in newborns by using a discrete choice experiment. Attributes were: clinical benefits of improved health, earlier time to diagnosis, reproductive risk information, false-positive (FP) results, and overdiagnosed infants. Survey data were analyzed with a mixed logit model to assess preferences and trade-offs among attributes, interaction between attributes, and preference heterogeneity. RESULTS On average, respondents were favorable toward screening. Clinical benefits were the most important outcome; reproductive risk information and early diagnosis were also valued, although 8% disvalued early diagnosis, and reproductive risk information was least important. All respondents preferred to avoid FP results and overdiagnosis but were willing to accept these to achieve moderate clinical benefit, accepting higher rates of harms to achieve significant benefit. Several 2-way interactions between attributes were statistically significant: respondents were willing to accept a higher FP rate for significant clinical benefit but preferred a lower rate for moderate benefit; similarly, respondents valued early diagnosis more when associated with significant rather than moderate clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS Members of the public prioritized clinical benefits for affected infants and preferred to minimize harms. These findings suggest support for newborn screening policies prioritizing clinical benefits over solely informational benefits, coupled with concerted efforts to avoid or minimize harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Miller
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
| | - Robin Z Hayeems
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yvonne Bombard
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Céline Cressman
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carolyn J Barg
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - June C Carroll
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Julian Little
- Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine and
| | - Judith Allanson
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yves Giguère
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, University of Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Dean A Regier
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
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Lillie SE, Tarini BA, Janz NK, Zikmund-Fisher BJ. Framing optional genetic testing in the context of mandatory newborn screening tests. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2015; 15:50. [PMID: 26123051 PMCID: PMC4485334 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-015-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parents are increasingly faced with decisions about optional newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) despite no consistent policy for communicating information about such testing. We examined whether framing optional NBS alongside mandatory NBS influenced intention to participate in optional NBS. Methods For this Internet-administered study, 2,991 adults read a hypothetical vignette in which optional NBS for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was either presented by itself (in isolation), alongside a description including the total number of mandatory NBS tests (“bundled” mandatory context), or alongside a listing of each mandatory NBS test (“unbundled” mandatory context). We assessed associations with participants’ intended participation using ordered logistic regression models, and associations with attitudes towards optional DMD NBS and subjective norms using Analysis of Variance. Results Participants were more likely to choose optional DMD NBS if they also read information about mandatory NBS (either bundled or unbundled) versus when DMD NBS was presented in isolation. Participants who read about optional DMD NBS in isolation also reported such testing to be less important and that they would worry more about the results than those who also saw mandatory NBS information. Conclusions Future NBS programs should pay attention to the framing of optional testing communication, as it influences parental behavior. Predictors of NBS uptake will become increasingly important as NBS programs continue expanding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12911-015-0173-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Lillie
- Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - Beth A Tarini
- Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.,Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Nancy K Janz
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Brian J Zikmund-Fisher
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.,Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.,Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.,Risk Science Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Hayeems RZ, Miller FA, Bombard Y, Avard D, Carroll J, Wilson B, Little J, Chakraborty P, Bytautas J, Giguere Y, Allanson J, Axler R. Expectations and values about expanded newborn screening: a public engagement study. Health Expect 2015; 18:419-29. [PMID: 23369110 PMCID: PMC5060787 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) panels have expanded to include conditions for which treatment effects are less certain, creating debate about population-based screening criteria. We investigated Canadian public expectations and values regarding the types of conditions that should be included in NBS and whether parents should provide consent. METHODS Eight focus groups (FG; n = 60) included education, deliberative discussion and pre-/post-questionnaires. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. RESULTS Quantitatively, the majority supported NBS for serious disorders for which treatment is not available (95-98, 82%). A majority endorsed screening without explicit consent (77-88%) for treatable disorders, but 62% supported unpressured choice for screening for untreatable disorders. Qualitatively, participants valued treatment-related benefits for infants and informational benefits for families. Concern for anxiety, stigma and unwanted knowledge depended upon disease context and strength of countervailing benefits. CONCLUSIONS Anticipated benefits of expanded infant screening were prioritized over harms, with information provision perceived as a mechanism for mitigating harms and enabling choice. However, we urge caution around the potential for public enthusiasm to foster unlimited uptake of infant screening technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Z Hayeems
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Salvaterra E, Locatelli F, Strazzer S, Borgatti R, D''angelo G, Lenzi L. Paediatric biobanks: opinions, feelings and attitudes of parents towards the specimen donation of their sick children to a hypothetical biobank. Pathobiology 2015; 81:304-308. [PMID: 25792219 DOI: 10.1159/000362091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, the storing of biological materials from children for research purposes in biobanks has become the subject of an intense debate in the scientific and ethical communities on a global level. Paediatric biobanks are an important resource for the development of translational research. At the same time, paediatric biobanks are ethically 'sensitive' due to the unique issues they raise. In this study, we explore opinions, feelings and attitudes of parents towards the specimen donation of their sick children to a hypothetical biobank. According to a qualitative methodology based on focus groups, we analysed parents' views, perceptions and inclinations towards typical ethical, legal and social aspects of paediatric biobanks such as proxy consent, minor assent, privacy protection and return of results. Our study confirms the need for specific policies dedicated to paediatric biobanks by highlighting how the nature of the disease affecting children may influence the parents' opinions and decisions towards the enrolment of their children in biobank-based research studies.
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Nicholls SG, Wilson BJ, Etchegary H, Brehaut JC, Potter BK, Hayeems R, Chakraborty P, Milburn J, Pullman D, Turner L, Carroll JC. Benefits and burdens of newborn screening: public understanding and decision-making. Per Med 2014; 11:593-607. [PMID: 29758802 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article we review the literature regarding the public understanding of the potential benefits and burdens of expanded newborn bloodspot screening. We draw attention to broadened notions of benefit that go beyond early identification of asymptomatic individuals and interventions to reduce morbidity or mortality, and include benefits gained by families through knowledge that may facilitate life choices, as well as gains generated by avoiding diagnostic delays. We also reflect on burdens such as increasing false-positive results and parental anxiety, together with risks of overdiagnosis when the natural history of a condition is poorly understood. We conclude that expanded notions of benefit and burden bring with them implications for parental consent and confidentiality and the secondary use of bloodspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Nicholls
- Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda J Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holly Etchegary
- Clinical Epidemiology, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Jamie C Brehaut
- Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beth K Potter
- Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Hayeems
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Milburn
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daryl Pullman
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St Johns, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - Lesley Turner
- Eastern Health, St John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - June C Carroll
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
Developments in genomics continue to increase the number of disorders for which genetic testing is available, whether in the primary healthcare system, through direct-to-consumer testing, or as part of expanded newborn screening panels. This paper reviews a robust literature on public attitudes toward genetics and genetic testing. In general, attitudes are positive about genetic research and new genomic technologies, with majorities indicating an interest in genetic testing. However, complex beliefs comprise the public's thinking about genetics. Attitudes are driven by beliefs about the type of genetic research, the personal and clinical utility of tests, and the area of genetics in which testing is applied. Limitations of current research are noted and suggestions made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Etchegary
- Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, Room H1407, Level 1, Health Sciences Centre, 300 Prince Phillip Drive, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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Oster C, Zajac I, Flight I, Hart E, Young GP, Wilson C, Turnbull D. Ambivalence and its influence on participation in screening for colorectal cancer. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2013; 23:1188-1201. [PMID: 23917801 DOI: 10.1177/1049732313501890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and an ideal target for early detection and prevention through cancer screening. Unfortunately, rates of participation in screening are less than adequate. In this article we explore why people who were offered a fecal immunochemical test for CRC decided to participate or not, and for those who did participate, what influenced them to take action and complete the test. We conducted four focus groups and 30 telephone interviews with 63 people. The main reason people decided to screen was "wanting to know" their CRC status, which operated on a continuum ranging from wanting to know, through varying degrees of ambivalence, to not wanting to know. The majority of participants expressed ambivalence about CRC screening, and the main cue to action was the opportunity to screen without being too inconvenienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Oster
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Etchegary H, Dicks E, Hodgkinson K, Pullman D, Green J, Parfey P. Public Attitudes About Genetic Testing in the Newborn Period. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2012; 41:191-200. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Accetta Pedersen DJ, Verbsky J, Routes JM. Screening newborns for primary T-cell immunodeficiencies: consensus and controversy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 7:761-8. [PMID: 22014017 DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening for early identification of T-cell lymphopenia and severe combined immunodeficiency has recently been recommended as an addition to the newborn screening programs in all states. This article will review the evidence supporting the use of this newborn screening test, and will outline the barriers to nationwide implementation, which include issues specific to this test and controversies regarding newborn screening in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Accetta Pedersen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Botkin JR, Rothwell E, Anderson R, Stark L, Goldenberg A, Lewis M, Burbank M, Wong B. Public attitudes regarding the use of residual newborn screening specimens for research. Pediatrics 2012; 129:231-8. [PMID: 22250018 PMCID: PMC3269111 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Many state newborn screening (NBS) programs retain residual NBS bloodspots after the completion of screening. Potential uses for residual specimens include laboratory quality assurance, biomedical research, and, rarely, forensic applications. Our objective was to evaluate public opinion about the policies and practices relevant to the retention and use of residual bloodspots for biomedical research. METHODS A total of 3855 respondents were recruited using 3 methods: focus groups (n = 157), paper or telephone surveys (n = 1418), and a Knowledge Networks panel (n = 2280). Some participants (n = 1769) viewed a 22-minute movie about the retention and use of residual specimens while other participants were provided only written information about this practice. All participants were surveyed using a 38-item questionnaire. RESULTS A diverse set of participants was recruited. Respondents were very supportive of NBS in general and accepting of the use of residual bloodspots for important research activities. Respondents were evenly divided on the acceptability of NBS without parental permission, but the majority of respondents supported the use of an "opt-in" process for parental permission for residual bloodspot retention and use. Viewing the educational movie was associated with greater support for bloodspot retention and use. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the general public surveyed here was supportive of NBS and residual sample retention and research use. However, there was a clear preference for an informed permission process for parents regarding these activities. Education about NBS was associated with a higher level of support and may be important to maintain public trust in these important programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bob Wong
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Etchegary H, Dicks E, Green J, Hodgkinson K, Pullman D, Parfrey P. Interest in newborn genetic testing: a survey of prospective parents and the general public. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 16:353-8. [PMID: 22103558 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Newborn screening (NBS) panels continue to expand, yet there are too few data on public attitudes toward testing in the newborn period to indicate whether there is support for such testing. We measured interest in newborn testing for several autosomal recessive disorders and reasons for interest. METHODS A cross-sectional, pen and paper survey was administered to the general public and prospective parents attending prenatal classes in Eastern Canada between April and December, 2010. RESULTS A total of 648 individuals completed surveys. Interest in newborn testing for inherited hearing loss, vision loss, and neurological disorders was high (over 80% would have their newborn tested). The attitudes of prospective parents and students were positive, but somewhat less so than members of the general public. Across all disorders, interest in testing was driven by the desire to be prepared for the birth of a child with a genetic disorder. Significantly more people would use the information from testing for fatal neurological disorders in future reproductive decisions than the information generated by newborn testing for inherited hearing or vision loss. CONCLUSION Interest is high in newborn testing for a variety of conditions, including those for which no effective treatment exists. Findings lend support to the expansion of NBS panels to include those disorders currently lacking treatment and highlight the value of including the views of diverse stakeholders, including prospective parents, in screening policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Etchegary
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Health and Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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DeLuca JM, Kearney MH, Norton SA, Arnold GL. Parents' experiences of expanded newborn screening evaluations. Pediatrics 2011; 128:53-61. [PMID: 21708804 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal results of newborn screening for common metabolic diseases are known to create substantial distress for parents. We explored parents' perceptions during diagnostic evaluations for newer disorders that are less well understood. METHODS Thirty families completed 48 open-ended interviews before and/or after parents received confirmatory test results for their infants. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Parents were shocked by the notification of the abnormal test result. Their urgent and often frustrating searches for information dominated the early phase of the screening process. Treatment center personnel were mainly informative and reassuring, but waiting for results exacerbated parents' distress. Equivocal results from diagnostic testing created uncertainties for parents regarding their infants' long-term health. After counseling, some parents reported inaccurate ideas about the disorders despite exposure to large amounts of information. Regardless of the challenges and anxieties of the evaluation, nearly every parent thought newborn screening was an important program for infant health. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of a newborn for an abnormal screening result was highly stressful for parents. To help reduce parents' distress, improvements in communications and clinical services are needed. Recommendations of useful Internet sites and discussions of this information may benefit parents. Tailoring counseling to meet the needs of culturally and educationally diverse families is needed. Families and infants with equivocal results are a new group of patients who merit comprehensive clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M DeLuca
- University of Rochester, School of Nursing, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box SON, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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