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Chaúque BJM, da Silva TCB, Dos Santos DL, Benitez GB, Chaúque LGH, Benetti AD, Zanette RA, Rott MB. Global prevalence of free-living amoebae in solid matrices - A systematic review with meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2023; 247:107006. [PMID: 37633571 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous free-living amoebae (FLA) are microorganisms of significant medical, sanitary, and ecological importance. However, their characterization within solid matrices such as soil, dust, sediment, mud, sludge, and compost remain to be systematized. In this study, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to explore the global distribution of FLA in solid matrices. From the analysis of 104 out of 4,414 scientific articles retrieved from different databases, it was found that the general global prevalence of FLA in solid matrices was of 55.13% (95% confidence interval (CI) 49.32-60.94). Specifically, FLA prevalence was high in soil (72.40%, 95% CI 69.08-75.73), sediment (57.91%, 95% CI 50.01-65.81), mud (52.90%, 95% CI 24.01-81.78), dust (48.60%, 95% CI 43.00-54.19), and sewage sludge (40.19%, 95% CI 30.68-49.70). In aerosols it was comparatively lower (17.21%, 95% CI 12.76-21.66). Acanthamoeba spp. (52.23%) and Hartmanella/Vermamoeba spp. (36.06%) were found to be more prevalent, whereas Naegleria spp. (34.98%) and Balamuthia spp. (27.32%) were less prevalent. The distribution of the highest global prevalence values for species of Acanthamoeba spp., considering different publication periods of the studies, is as follows: A. hatchetti (51.46%), A. rhysodes (47.49%), A. polyphaga (36.37%), A. culbertsoni (34.31%), A. castellanii (34.21%), and A. lenticulata (32.82%). For other FLA species, the distribution is: Hartmannella/Vermamoeba vermiformis (91.57%), Naegleria fowleri (42.32%), Naegleria gruberi (32.39%), and Balamuthia mandrillaris (25%). The most prevalent Acanthamoeba genotypes were T4 (33.38%) and T3 (23.94%). Overall, the global prevalence of FLA in solid matrices is as high as or greater than that reported in water by previous systematic reviews. Thus, actions aimed at reducing exposure to FLA or exploring their ecological dynamics should consider not only water but also the various solid matrices. The finding outlined here can provide valuable insights for such actions, e.g., informing on the level of exposure to FLA, or on the microbial biodiversity of specific environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Center of Studies in Science and Technology (NECET), Biology Course, Universidade Rovuma, Niassa Branch, Lichinga, Mozambique
| | - Thaisla Cristiane Borella da Silva
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise Leal Dos Santos
- CAPES Clinical Research Pilot Program at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Brittes Benitez
- Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Brazil
| | | | | | - Régis Adriel Zanette
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilise Brittes Rott
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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2
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Corsaro D, Venditti D. Molecular evidence for a new lineage within the Acanthamoeba T4 genotype. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1445-1450. [PMID: 37046026 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba is a widespread free-living amoeba capable of causing serious infections in humans and other animals, such as amoebic keratitis, disseminated infections, and fatal encephalitis. Strain identification is usually based on 18S rDNA sequencing, which allows the distinction of over twenty genotypes. Most sequences from environmental and clinical samples belong to the T4 genotype, which can be divided into seven subtypes, T4A to T4G, and by a nearly similar grouping of mitochondrial sequences into T4a to T4j subtypes. The co-clustering of nuclear and mitochondrial groups can be very useful for a better identification of lineages within the very rich T4 genotype. In this study, we provided molecular phylogenetic evidence for the delineation of a new nuclear subtype, hereafter labelled T4H, and its co-clustering with the mitochondrial T4j subtype. At least three cases of amoebic keratitis are due to strains belonging to this new group, present mainly in fresh water and detected in various countries (France, Iran, India and China).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Corsaro
- CHLAREAS, 12, rue du Maconnais, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Danielle Venditti
- CHLAREAS, 12, rue du Maconnais, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Saberi R, Nakhaei M, Fakhar M, Zarrinfar H, Sharifpour A, Hezarjaribi HZ. Molecular identification and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp., in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from immunocompetent patients with chronic respiratory disorders (CRD). Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3013-3017. [PMID: 35930044 PMCID: PMC9362591 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the presence and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp., in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of immunocompetent patients with chronic respiratory disorders (CRD). In this study, 211 BALF samples were collected from patients with CRD during the COVID-19 pandemic who were candidates for fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran and investigated for Acanthamoeba spp., by PCR. A total of 211 FBAL samples were examined; 5 (5/211; 2.36%) were positive by using the PCR test for Acanthamoeba spp. According to sequence analysis, three strains belonged to the T4 genotype and one strain to the T2 genotype. Our data demonstrate that the presence of Acanthamoeba (T4 and T2) in BALF specimens of patients with respiratory infections. However, it is important to note that these findings may be merely accidental. Our findings suggest further investigation to fully understand the role of Acanthamoeba spp. in the pathogenesis of lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Saberi
- Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Nakhaei
- Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifpour
- Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
- Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
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4
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Fani M, Fuerst PA, Mosayebi M, Javadi A, Harandi MF, Saraei M, Badri M, Hajialilo E. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of free-living amoeba in the water resources of Arak, Iran. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:1051-1063. [PMID: 35902987 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to detect free-living amoeba (FLA) in the water resources of Arak, Iran using molecular tools. A total of 154 samples were collected from different water supplies. Molecular analyses, sequencing, and phylogenetic study were conducted to confirm the species and genotypes of FLA. Fisher exact test was used to determine the significance. Of 154 water samples, 19 (12.3%) samples were tested positive for FLA. Three genotypes of Acanthamoeba including T4, subtype D, and T5 were identified among the isolates. The pathogenicity assay showed that the isolate of Acanthamoeba in drinking water was highly pathogenic. Three species of Naegleria, including N. australiensis, N. pagei, and N. gruberi were found among the samples. Six isolates of Vermamoeba were identified as V. vermiformis. Meanwhile, three other species including Vannella sp., Vahlkampfia avara, and Stenamoeba polymorpha were also recovered from the water samples. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the various water resources contaminated with FLA. This is the first study to reveal the presence of S. polymorpha in water sources in Iran. According to the findings of the present study, health officials should be beware of potential public health impacts of FLA in water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Fani
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Paul A Fuerst
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mahdi Mosayebi
- Department of Parasitology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amir Javadi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Saraei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Milad Badri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran E-mail:
| | - Elham Hajialilo
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Salehi M, Spotin A, Hajizadeh F, Soleimani F, Shokri A. Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. from different sources in Gonabad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Toluee E, Saberi R, Dadi Moghadam Y, Fakhar M, Akhtari J. In vitro anti- Acanthamoeba activity of the commercial chitosan and nano-chitosan against pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotype T4. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:921-929. [PMID: 34789973 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare but serious infection of the eye and can lead to blindness. The effective and safe medical therapy remains unclear for AK until present. Antimicrobial activity and biological characteristic of chitosan encourage screening of it against Acanthamoeba. Thus, in vitro anti-amoebic activities of commercial chitosan and nano-chitosan were tested on pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotype T4, a causative agent of human AK. The Acanthamoeba spp. was isolated from the keratitis patient. The Acanthamoeba genotype T4 was approved using PCR method followed by sequencing technique. Chitosan nanoparticles was prepared using ionic gelation method and characterized by their physicochemical properties. In the present study, the in vitro activity of serial dilutions (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µL/mL) of commercial chitosan and nano-chitosan were evaluated against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. The finding of nano-chitosan particle size by DLS was 118 nm with a PDI of about 0.134. Zeta potential value was found to be 42.7 mV. The obtained results showed that the tested chitosan and nano-chitosan presented anti-amoebic activities dependent to time and concentration. The inhibitory effect of the chitosan and nano-chitosan is enhanced by increasing the concentration and incubation time. The inhibitory effect of nano-chitosan on both trophozoites and cyst was more than chitosan. According to the results, nano-chitosan shows the potent activity against Acanthamoeba T4 and could be used for the development of novel and safe therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
- Department of Parasitology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Elahe Toluee
- Department of Parasitology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Saberi
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yousef Dadi Moghadam
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.,Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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7
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Norouzi M, Saberi R, Niyyati M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Mirjalali H, Fatemi M, Javanmard E, Karamati SA. Molecular Identification of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoeba from Household Biofilm Samples in Iran: A Risk Factor for Acanthamoeba Keratitis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102098. [PMID: 34683419 PMCID: PMC8537737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-living amoeba (FLA) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment. However, they are also the causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans and other animals. A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. Moreover, FLA have been detected in various biofilms around the world. Therefore, the present study aimed to check for presence of FLA in samples from household biofilms in Iran and to characterize them at the molecular level. A total of 69 biofilm samples collected from showerheads, kitchen areas, and bathroom sinks were analyzed. Positive samples for FLA were characterized at the morphological and molecular levels. Furthermore, the results of morphology analysis indicated that 26.08% (18/69) of biofilm samples were positive for Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba genus, and Vahlkampfiids. According to sequence analysis, five strains of Acanthamoeba isolates related to the T4 genotype and two strains belonged to the T2 genotype. In addition, the pathogenic potential of Acanthamoeba-positive isolates was conducted using the tolerance ability test. The results of BLASTn of Vermamoeba sequences were similar to what was expected for Vermamoeba vermiformis. The above-mentioned reasons revealed that the relative high contamination of household biofilm samples with FLA may pose a risk for people using soft contact lenses and for patients with traumatic cataract. Our finding proposes that filtration should be performed in shower heads and indicates the need to monitor people at increased risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Norouzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran; (M.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Reza Saberi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48175, Iran;
| | - Maryam Niyyati
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran;
| | - Marziye Fatemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran; (M.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Ehsan Javanmard
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14114, Iran;
| | - Seyed Ahmad Karamati
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 57169, Iran;
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First Evidence for Colonizing of Acanthamoeba T4 Genotype in Urinary Tracts of Patients with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:932-937. [PMID: 33713274 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence about the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. in urine specimens collected from urinary catheters of the patients in the intensive care units persuaded our study. No evidence has been found about colonizing of Acanthamoeba spp., in urinary tracts of patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) yet. METHODS In this study, 50 urine samples were collected from patients presenting with recurrent UTI. The type of bacteria causing UTI was determined by using bacteriological tests. To cultivate Acanthamoeba spp., in a sterile condition, 10 mL of urine was centrifuged and the sediment was cultivated on non-nutrient agar. Genotypes were determined by sequencing the DF3 region of the 18S rRNA gene. RESULTS The bacteriological test findings on the urine samples of the UTI patients (n = 30) demonstrated that those were found to be positive for Escherichia coli (n = 17), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 4) and Klebsiella spp. (n = 3) respectively. Moreover, a total of 50 urine samples was examined; 6 (6/50; 12%) and 11 (11/50; 22%) were positive by using culture and the PCR test for Acanthamoeba spp., respectively. Sequencing analysis showed all isolates were T4 genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that the high relative prevalence of Acanthamoeba T4 genotype spp., in the urine of recurrent UTI patients. As well as, providing the first evidence for colonizing of the Acanthamoeba in the urinary tracts of patients with recurrent UTIs. These findings, warrant further investigation among those patients to fully appraise the role of Acanthamoeba spp., as possible latent carriers for resistant bacteria and biofilm formation in the future.
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Pirasteh-Anosheh H, Parnian A, Spasiano D, Race M, Ashraf M. Haloculture: A system to mitigate the negative impacts of pandemics on the environment, society and economy, emphasizing COVID-19. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111228. [PMID: 33971127 PMCID: PMC8110177 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) is a global pandemic that started in China in 2019 and has negatively affected all economic sectors of the world, including agriculture. However, according to estimates in different countries, agriculture has suffered less than other sectors such as construction, industry and tourism, so agricultural development can be a good option to compensate for the economic damage caused to other sectors. The quality of available water and soil resources for agricultural development is not only limited, but is also decreasing incrementally, so the use of saline and unconventional soil and water resources is inevitable. Biosaline agriculture or haloculture is a system in which highly saline water and soil resources are used sustainably for the economic production of agricultural crops. It seems that in the current situation of the world (with COVID-19's impact on agriculture on the one hand and the quantitative and qualitative decline of freshwater and soil on the other), haloculture with a re-reading of territorial capabilities has good potential to provide a part of human food supply. In this review article, the potential of haloculture to offset the adverse impacts of the pandemic is analyzed from five perspectives: increasing the area under cultivation, using unconventional water, stabilizing dust centers, increasing the body's immune resistance, and reducing losses in agribusiness due to the coronavirus. Overall, haloculture is an essential system, which COVID-19 has accelerated in the agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh
- National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Yazd, 8917357676, Iran.
| | - Amir Parnian
- National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Yazd, 8917357676, Iran
| | - Danilo Spasiano
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, 03043, Italy.
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Ballares LD, Masangkay FR, Dionisio J, Villaflores O, Pineda-Cortel MR, Milanez GD. Molecular detection of Acanthamoeba spp. in Seven Crater Lakes of Laguna, Philippines. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:776-784. [PMID: 33095200 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. are ubiquitous free-living amoeba with genotypes that cause severe pathology of the eyes, central nervous systems, and rare reports of cutaneous infections. The Seven Crater Lakes are freshwater water resources in Laguna, Philippines primarily used for aquaculture and tourism. A total of 16 surface water samples were collected from different sampling areas per Crater Lake and placed in sterile plastic containers. Samples were filtered using 1.2 μm pore size, glass microfiber filter. Filtered sediments were placed on non-nutrient agar lawned with Escherichia coli and incubated aerobically at 35 °C for 14 days. Six out of 16 water samples exhibited amoebic growth. Cystic stages revealed circular to stellate morphology under light microscopy which were initially classified as Acanthamoeba spp. DNA from positive isolates were made to react with polymerase chain reaction using Acanthamoeba specific primers JDP1 5′-GGCCCAGATCGTTTACCGTGAA-3′ and JDP2 5′-TCTCACAAGCTGCTAGGGAGTCA-3′confirmed the presence of several Acanthamoeba species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of seven isolates belonging to Acanthamoeba genotypes T4, T5, and T9. The presence of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotypes in the Seven Crater Lakes of Laguna signifies risk to human health which necessitates the development of programs, policies, and guidelines on the understanding, prevention, and management of potential human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea D Ballares
- The Graduate School, Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines E-mail: ; Department of Medical Technology, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Frederick R Masangkay
- Department of Medical Technology, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Joseph Dionisio
- Department of Medical Technology, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Oliver Villaflores
- The Graduate School, Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines E-mail:
| | - Maria Ruth Pineda-Cortel
- The Graduate School, Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines E-mail:
| | - Giovanni D Milanez
- Department of Medical Technology, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila 1015, Philippines
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11
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Esboei BR, Fakhar M, Saberi R, Barati M, Moslemi M, Hassannia H, Dadimoghadam Y, Jalallou N. Genotyping and phylogenic study of Acanthamoeba isolates from human keratitis and swimming pool water samples in Iran. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2020; 11:e00164. [PMID: 32671234 PMCID: PMC7341446 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acanthamoeba keratitis cause severe corneal infection and lead to poor vision and blindness. This disease is caused by a unicellular amphizoic protozoon called Acanthamoeba spp. that present in different environments. This study aimed to represent the existence and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. in patients with keratitis and swimming pool water (SPW) in Tehran Province, Central Iran. Methods In this descriptive study, 56 clinical samples were collected from patients with keratitis and 30 water samples were collected from different swimming pools in Tehran Province. All samples were examined based on the morphological and molecular techniques. The genotypes were determined by sequencing the partial of 18S rRNA gene. Results Of 56 clinical (corneal) and 30 environmental (SPW) samples, 30.3% and 40.0% were positive for Acanthamoeba spp., respectively. According to sequencing analysis, 94.1% of amoebic keratitis isolates were belonged to T4 genotype and only one (5.8%) isolate was belonged to T11 genotype. All genotypes were detected from SPW samples were identified as T4 genotype. Conclusion According to our results, use of contact lens and swimming in pool poses the major risk factor for amoebic keratitis in the studied area (Tehran). Moreover, T4 genotype was the predominant genotype of human keratitis and swimming pool samples there. Consequently, essential and practical measures are urgently needed to prevent subjects against this ocular seriously disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Rahimi Esboei
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran.,Toxoplasma Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Toxoplasma Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Saberi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.,Toxoplasma Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barati
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Moslemi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yousef Dadimoghadam
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Nahid Jalallou
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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