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Does metabolic syndrome increase the risk of fracture? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:118. [PMID: 36042109 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Metabolic syndrome is of increasing concern globally. The aspects of this disease and its interaction with other morbidities should be discussed in detail. By investigating the effects of metabolic syndrome on the bone fracture rate, we have shown a protective role for metabolic syndrome in the male population. PURPOSE There is controversy on the effects of metabolic syndrome on bone health and fracture risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis reappraises the literature on the subject and quantitatively evaluates the fracture risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for all relevant articles. Studies were selected if they included the rate of any type of fracture in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Non-English studies, review articles, case reports, and editorials were excluded. The titles and abstracts were screened to identify relevant studies and the data was extracted from these. The data were analyzed to determine the estimated effect at a 95% confidence interval. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger's test, and funnel plots were drawn. The heterogeneity of the results was determined according to I2 statistics. RESULTS Of the 3141 articles from the initial search, 20 studies were selected for review and included 13 cross-sectional and seven cohort studies. A meta-analysis of all studies showed no association between metabolic syndrome and fractures across the entire population (HR = 0.954; p = 0.410). However, separate analysis of the cohort studies showed a decreased risk over the entire population (HR = 0.793; p = 0.000) and in males (HR = 0.671; p = 0.000), but not in females (HR = 1.029; p = 0.743). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the current literature suggests that metabolic syndrome is a protective factor for bone fractures in males but has no net effect on fractures among females.
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CIUBEAN AD, IRSAY L, UNGUR RA, CIORTEA VM, BORDA IM, DOGARU BG, TRIFA AP, BUZOIANU AD. Genetic polymorphisms and their influence on therapeutic response to alendronate-a pilot study. BALNEO RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2019.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis has a strong genetic contribution, and several genes have been shown to influence bone mineral density. Variants in the human genome are considered important causes of differences in drug responses observed in clinical practice. In terms of bone mineral density, about 26–53% of patients do not respond to amino-bisphosphonate therapies, of which alendronate is the most widely used.
Material and method: The current study is prospective, observational, analytical, longitudinal and cohort type. It included 25 postmenopausal women treated with alendronate for 1 year. Bone mineral density at lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured and bone turnover markers (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and procollagen 1N-terminal propeptide) were evaluated at 0 and 12 months of treatment. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms in osteoporosis-candidate genes were genotyped (FDPS rs2297480, LRP5 rs3736228, SOST rs1234612, VKORC1 rs9934438, GGPS1 rs10925503 and RANKL rs2277439). Treatment response was evaluated by percentage changes in bone mineral density and bone turnover markers.
Results: The heterozygous CT of FDPS rs2297480 showed lower increases in BMD values in the lumbar spine region and the homozygous CC of the GGPS1 rs10925503 showed lower increases in terms of BMD at the total hip region. No association was found for LRP5 rs3736228, SOST rs1234612, VKORC1 rs9934438 and RANKL rs2277439.
Conclusions: Romanian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis carrying the CT genotype of FDPS rs2297480 or the CC genotype of GGPS1 rs10925503 could have an unsatisfactory response to alendronate treatment.
Key words: osteoporosis; genetic polymorphism; alendronate; bone mineral density; bone turnover markers,
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Deniza CIUBEAN
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laszlo IRSAY
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Ana UNGUR
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Viorela Mihaela CIORTEA
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ileana Monica BORDA
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bombonica Gabriela DOGARU
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Pavel TRIFA
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy“ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Genetics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana BUZOIANU
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy“ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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CIUBEAN AD, IRSAY L, UNGUR RA, CIORTEA VM, BORDA IM, DOGARU 1, BG, TRIFA AP, BUZOIANU AD. Association between polymorphisms in GGPS1 and RANKL genes and postmenopausal osteoporosis in Romanian women. BALNEO RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2019.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between bone mineral density, fragility fractures, fracture risk and polymorphisms of two osteoporosis-candidate genes (GGPS1 and RANKL) in Romanian women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Methods: An analytical, prospective, transversal, observational, case-control study on 364 postmenopausal women, of which 228 were previously diagnosed with osteoporosis, was carried out between June 2016 and August 2017 in Cluj Napoca, Romania. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from all study participants. Polymorphisms in GGPS1 and RANKL genes were genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays, run on a QuantStudio 3 real-time PCR machine.
Results: The CT genotype in GGPS1 rs10925503 was associated with significant lower bone mineral density values at lumbar spine and femoral neck sites and a higher fracture risk compared to controls. No significant association was found between genotypes of RANKL rs2277439 with bone mineral density or fracture risk compared to the healthy controls.
Conclusions: Our study showed a strong association between low bone mineral density and genotype CT of GGPS1 rs10925503 polymorphisms. No association was found for RANKL rs2277439 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Deniza CIUBEAN
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laszlo IRSAY
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Ana UNGUR
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Viorela Mihaela CIORTEA
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ileana Monica BORDA
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bombonica Gabriela DOGARU 1,
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Pavel TRIFA
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy“ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Genetics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana BUZOIANU
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy“ Iuliu Hațieganu”, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Zanatta LCB, Boguszewski CL, Borba VZC, Moreira CA. Association between undercarboxylated osteocalcin, bone mineral density, and metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:446-451. [PMID: 30304109 PMCID: PMC10118734 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteocalcin has been associated with several effects on energy and glucose metabolism. However, the physiological role of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (U-osc; the hormonally active isoform of osteocalcin) is still controversial. To correlate the serum levels of U-osc with bone mineral density (BMD) values and metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study including 105 postmenopausal women (age 56.5 ± 6.1 years, body mass index [BMI] 28.2 ± 4.9 kg/m2) grouped based on the presence of three or less, four, or five criteria of metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The subjects underwent dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of body composition and BMD and blood tests for the measurement of U-osc and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) levels. RESULTS The mean U-osc level was 3.1 ± 3.4 ng/mL (median 2.3 ng/mL, range 0.0-18.4 ng/mL) and the mean BSAP level was 12.9 ± 4.0 ng/mL (median 12.1 ng/mL, range 73-24.4 ng/mL). There were no associations between U-osc and BSAP levels with serum metabolic parameters. Lower fasting glucose levels were observed in participants with increased values of U-osc/femoral BMD ratio (3.61 ± 4 ng/mL versus 10.2 ± 1.6 ng/mL, p = 0.036). When the participants were stratified into tertiles according to the U-osc/ femoral BMD and U-osc/lumbar BMD ratios, lower fasting glucose levels correlated with increased ratios (p = 0.029 and p = 0.042, respectively). CONCLUSION Based on the ratio of U-osc to BMD, our study demonstrated an association between U-osc and glucose metabolism. However, no association was observed between U-osc and metabolic parameters.The U-osc/BMD ratio is an innovative way to correct the U-osc value for bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila C B Zanatta
- Divisão de Endocrinologia (SEMPR), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Cesar L Boguszewski
- Divisão de Endocrinologia (SEMPR), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Victoria Z C Borba
- Divisão de Endocrinologia (SEMPR), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Carolina A Moreira
- Divisão de Endocrinologia (SEMPR), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Laboratório PRO, Seção de Histomorfometria Óssea, Fundação Pró-Renal, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Abbasi M, Farzam SA, Mamaghani Z, Yazdi Z. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with bone densitometry in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S73-S76. [PMID: 28024830 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of osteoporosis and bone fracture and the relationship between metabolic syndrome and bone density are controversial issues. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with bone mineral density in post menopausal women referred for bone mineral density (BMD) test. METHODS A total of 143 postmenopausal women with at least one year of menopause experience participated in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics for all participants were collected. Also, biochemical parameters including fasting blood sugar, Cholesterol (HDL and LDL), triglyceride were measured. Association between the components of metabolic syndrome and bone densitometry were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULTS In this study, 72% of participants did not have metabolic syndrome. Among them, 43.4% and 28.7% had osteoporosis and normal density, respectively. Of remaining participants with metabolic syndrome, 12.6% and 15.4% had osteoporosis and normal density, respectively. Among the metabolic syndrome components, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, and waist to hip ratio were significantly associated with bone mass (P<0.05). Osteoporotic women had lower waist circumference and waist to hip ratio and higher HDL than women without osteoporosis. On the other hand, women with metabolic syndrome did not have significant differences than women without metabolic syndrome in terms of lumbar and femoral neck density (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Results from this study showed that metabolic syndrome and its components did not induce bone mass loss. The discrepancies of the studies in this area call for more large scale studies in population so as to prevent women problems in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Abbasi
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | | | - Zohreh Yazdi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin, Iran.
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Alhazidou E, Pergialiotis V, Panagopoulos P, Chrelias C, Hatziagelaki E, Papantoniou N, Trakakis E. The impact of the metabolic syndrome on bone mass density: a prospective case control study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 33:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0053/hmbci-2017-0053.xml. [PMID: 29087956 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) during the perimenopausal period and in menopause have been linked to altered bone mass density (BMD) in various experimental studies. However, current clinical studies provide conflicting results in this field. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate this association. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective case control study that was based on a consecutive series of menopausal women who attended the Reproductive Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic of our hospital between January 2013 and December 2016. Results One hundred and forty post-menopausal women were included in the present study. After stratifying the women in two groups according to the presence of MetS we observed that bone turnover markers remained unaffected by the presence of MetS (p > 0.05). On the other hand, both the T- and Z-scores of women with MetS were significantly higher compared to healthly postmenopausal women [T-score: 0.4 (-0.7 to 1.3) vs. -1 (-1.62 to -0.1), p < 0.001] [Z-score: 0.55 (-0.3 to 1.7) vs. -0.4 (-1.1 to 0.4), p = 0.003]. Conclusions According to the findings of our study the presence of MetS during the perimenopausal years seems to have a mild benefit on bone mass density. The pathophysiology that underlies this effect remains unclear as bone turnover markers seem to be unaffected by MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Alhazidou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital Athens Greece, Rimini 1 Chaidari, PC 12461, Athens, Greece, Phone: +2105832244, Fax: +2105326447
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Chrelias
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Erifili Hatziagelaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, "Attikon" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papantoniou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eftihios Trakakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Kim HY, Kim SS, Kim JS, Jung JG, Yoon SJ, Jo YH. Association between Abdominal Obesity and Lumbar Bone Mineral Density According to the Postmenopausal Period in Korean Women. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017; 26:210-216. [PMID: 31089519 PMCID: PMC6484913 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2017.26.3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the association between abdominal obesity and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) according to the postmenopausal period of Korean women. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Among the 1,923 women enrolled, 1,138 were included in the study; 785 women were excluded based on conditions that might have affected their bone density. Subjects were divided into short postmenopausal period (SPP, 0-5 years after menopause) and long postmenopausal period (LPP, 6-10 years after menopause). The association between abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥85 cm) and lumbar BMD according to postmenopausal period in Korean women was assessed. RESULTS After adjusting for age, exercise amount, alcohol consumption, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for osteoporosis in the group with abdominal obesity compared to the group without abdominal obesity was 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16-0.88; P=0.023) in the SPP group. However, in the LPP and total groups, the adjusted ORs were not significant. The adjusted ORs for low bone mass showed no significance in the SPP, LPP, and total groups. CONCLUSION In the SPP group, the risk of osteoporosis was lower in the group with abdominal obesity than in the group without abdominal obesity. However, in the LPP group, no significant difference was found. Therefore, the effect of abdominal obesity on lumbar BMD may be just for a short period after menopause (0-5 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon,
Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Jong Sung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon,
Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon,
Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Seok Joon Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon,
Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Young Hee Jo
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon,
Korea
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Wang LM, Zheng ZH, Li TF, Han LS, He YJ, Zhang YL, Zeng HL, Liu SY. 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with metabolic syndrome among premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus in China. Lupus 2016; 26:403-409. [PMID: 27687025 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316668040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and its association with metabolic syndrome (MS) and different MS components among premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in China. Patients and methods Altogether 113 premenopausal women with SLE and the age-matched healthy cohorts were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Clinical manifestations and laboratory data including serum 25(OH)D concentration were collected. A multivariable analysis was performed to analyze the association of 25(OH)D with MS and its components. Results The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml) and MS were common (24.8% and 30.1%, respectively) in premenopausal patients with SLE in China. Analysis of the association between 25(OH)D, MS and its components demonstrated that the lower level of 25(OH)D was associated with increased MS prevalence (OR = 0.920, p = 0.012), a decreased level of high-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.059, p = 0.033) and a higher level of fasting glucose (OR = 0.810, p = 0.004). These associations were still detectible after adjustment for age, body mass index and SLE-related variables. Conclusion The level of 25(OH)D is associated with MS and its components in premenopausal women with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-M Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Z-H Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - T-F Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - L-S Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Y-J He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Y-L Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - H-L Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - S-Y Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Chirita-Emandi A, Socolov D, Haivas C, Calapiș A, Gheorghiu C, Puiu M. Vitamin D Status: A Different Story in the Very Young versus the Very Old Romanian Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128010. [PMID: 26024516 PMCID: PMC4449004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Romania (latitude 48°15'N to 43°40'N), vitamin D supplementation is common practice mostly in infants 0-1 year old. No published information is available regarding epidemiological data on vitamin D status in the Romanian population for a wide age range and geographical territory. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the seasonal and age variation of vitamin D status in a large Romanian population. METHODS 6631 individuals from across Romania had performed 7544 vitamin D assessments (2012-2014) in a chain of private laboratories. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3) was measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Vitamin D levels were classified as severe deficiency<10 ng/mL, deficiency 10-20 ng/mL, insufficiency 21-29 ng/mL, sufficiency ≥ 30 ng/mL and potentially harmful>100 ng/ml. RESULTS Male to female ratio was 1:2.9. Age ranged from 0 to 85 years. Mean vitamin D levels increased from April (26.3n g/ml) to September (35.6 ng/ml) and decreased from October (33.5 ng/ml) to March (24.4 ng/ml). Overall 40% had sufficient vitamin D, while the rest were insufficient 33%, deficient 22%, severely deficient 4% and 1% potentially harmful (of them 81% under 1 year old). Males compared to females showed higher percentages of sufficiency (47% vs. 38%). Children 0- 2 years presented the highest percentage of vitamin D sufficiency (77%). Lowest percentages (21%) of sufficiency were in people 80-84 years. CONCLUSION In Romania, suboptimal vitamin D levels are common (59%), especially in older age, wintertime and in women. Vitamin D supplementation would be most warranted from January to April in the Romanian population. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels > 100 ng/ml were relatively prevalent in children 0-1 year old (17.3%). This was attributed to supplementation errors and the fact that high-risk individuals were more likely to visit for medical check-up. Nonetheless, it stresses the need to increase awareness of the importance of preventing Vitamin D supplementation administration errors in the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, Timișoara, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Demetra Socolov
- Ginecology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, Iași, Romania
| | - Carmen Haivas
- Anatomy Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Anca Calapiș
- Bioclinica Laboratoarele, SA, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gheorghiu
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, Timișoara, Romania
- Genetics Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Țurcanu”, Timișoara, Romania
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