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Li J, Yin J, Wee MGV, Chinnappan A, Ramakrishna S. A Self-Powered Piezoelectric Nanofibrous Membrane as Wearable Tactile Sensor for Human Body Motion Monitoring and Recognition. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1-14. [PMID: 37361108 PMCID: PMC10088646 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-023-00282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have drawn vast interest for their convenience to be worn on body to monitor and track body movements or exercise activities in real time. However, wearable electronics rely on powering systems to function. Herein, a self-powered, porous, flexible, hydrophobic and breathable nanofibrous membrane based on electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber has been developed as a tactile sensor with low-cost and simple fabrication for human body motion detection and recognition. Specifically, effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and barium titanate (BTO) as additives to the fiber morphology as well as mechanical and dielectric properties of the piezoelectric nanofiber membrane were investigated. The fabricated BTO@PVDF piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) exhibits the high β-phase content and best overall electrical performances, thus selected for the flexible sensing device assembly. Meanwhile, the nanofibrous membrane demonstrated robust tactile sensing performance that the device exhibits durability over 12,000 loading test cycles, holds a fast response time of 82.7 ms, responds to a wide pressure range of 0-5 bar and shows a high relative sensitivity, especially in the small force range of 11.6 V/bar upon pressure applied perpendicular to the surface. Furthermore, when attached on human body, its unique fibrous and flexible structure offers the tactile sensor to present as a health care monitor in a self-powered manner by translating motions of different movements to electrical signals with various patterns or sequences. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42765-023-00282-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Li
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
| | - Jing Yin
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei Gui Vanessa Wee
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
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Acid-modified CNT/Zinc Oxide nanowires based high performance broadband photodetector. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3193. [PMID: 36823227 PMCID: PMC9950455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the authors have reported the impact of post-treatment via exposure to acid on single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) thin film (TF) based SWNT/ZnO Nanowire (NW) broad band photodetector. The ZnO NWs were deposited on SWNT (with and without acid-treated) using a simple catalytic free process called glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. Acid-treated SWNT samples warranted the growth of high quality ZnO NWs over them. On fabricating photodetectors with the acid-treated ZnO NW/SWNT TF heterostructure (HS) gave better device performance as compared to the as-deposited ZnO NW/SWNT TF HS (without acid-treatment) sample. The acid-treated device showed a large responsivity (85.45 A/W), specific detectivity (0.859 × 1012 Jones) and with a low noise equivalent power of 3.9101 pW values. Moreover, the oxygen adsorption-desorption mechanism in SWNTs impacted the electrical resistance of the nanotubes which affected nanotube conductivity. The acid-treatment favoured relatively faster charge separation at the ZnO NW/SWNT heterojunction thus providing a fast device response (trise = 0.11 s, tfall = 0.39 s at + 5 V). The fabricated acid-treated device showed good broad band detection (250 nm-750 nm) which was explained with respect to the optical absorption profile of the sample.
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Fritea L, Banica F, Costea TO, Moldovan L, Dobjanschi L, Muresan M, Cavalu S. Metal Nanoparticles and Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Improved Performances of Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6319. [PMID: 34771844 PMCID: PMC8585379 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring human health for early detection of disease conditions or health disorders is of major clinical importance for maintaining a healthy life. Sensors are small devices employed for qualitative and quantitative determination of various analytes by monitoring their properties using a certain transduction method. A "real-time" biosensor includes a biological recognition receptor (such as an antibody, enzyme, nucleic acid or whole cell) and a transducer to convert the biological binding event to a detectable signal, which is read out indicating both the presence and concentration of the analyte molecule. A wide range of specific analytes with biomedical significance at ultralow concentration can be sensitively detected. In nano(bio)sensors, nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated into the (bio)sensor design by attachment to the suitably modified platforms. For this purpose, metal nanoparticles have many advantageous properties making them useful in the transducer component of the (bio)sensors. Gold, silver and platinum NPs have been the most popular ones, each form of these metallic NPs exhibiting special surface and interface features, which significantly improve the biocompatibility and transduction of the (bio)sensor compared to the same process in the absence of these NPs. This comprehensive review is focused on the main types of NPs used for electrochemical (bio)sensors design, especially screen-printed electrodes, with their specific medical application due to their improved analytical performances and miniaturized form. Other advantages such as supporting real-time decision and rapid manipulation are pointed out. A special attention is paid to carbon-based nanomaterials (especially carbon nanotubes and graphene), used by themselves or decorated with metal nanoparticles, with excellent features such as high surface area, excellent conductivity, effective catalytic properties and biocompatibility, which confer to these hybrid nanocomposites a wide biomedical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Fritea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Florin Banica
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Traian Octavian Costea
- Advanced Materials Research Infrastructure—SMARTMAT, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Liviu Moldovan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Luciana Dobjanschi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Mariana Muresan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
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Li P, Liu J, Her S, Zal Nezhad E, Lim S, Bae S. Synthesis of Highly-Dispersed Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes-Graphene Oxide (GNFG) Complex and Its Application in Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Cementitious Composites. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071669. [PMID: 34201941 PMCID: PMC8307864 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a graphene oxide nanoribbons–functionalized carbon nanotubes–graphene oxide (GNFG) complex was hydrothermally synthesized as a nanomaterial for reinforcing cementitious composites, using a modified Hummers’ method. Three types of components existed in the GNFG: Type I, the functionalized carbon nanotubes–graphene oxide nanoribbons (FCNTs–GNR); and types II and III are graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs), respectively, which exist independently. The dispersivity of GNFG and its effects on the mechanical properties, hydration process, and microstructures of cement pastes were evaluated, and the results were compared with those using cement pastes incorporating other typical carbon nanomaterials. The results demonstrated that dispersion of GNFG in aqueous solutions was superior to that of the CNTs, FCNTs, and GO/FCNTs mixture. Furthermore, the highly-dispersed GNFG (0.05 wt.%) improved the mechanical properties of the cement paste after 28 days of hydration and promoted the hydration of cement compared to CNTs, GO, and GO/FCNTs mixture (0.05 wt.%). The results in this study validated the feasibility of using GNFG with enhanced dispersion as a new nano-reinforcing agent for various cementitious systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Li
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (P.L.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Junxing Liu
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (P.L.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Sungwun Her
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (P.L.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Erfan Zal Nezhad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Seungmin Lim
- Department of Architecture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Sungchul Bae
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (P.L.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence:
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A New Hybrid Sensitive PANI/SWCNT/Ferrocene-Based Layer for a Wearable CO Sensor. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051801. [PMID: 33807640 PMCID: PMC7961761 DOI: 10.3390/s21051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing a sensing layer with high electroactive properties is an important aspect for proper functionality of a wearable sensor. The polymeric nanocomposite material obtained by a simple electropolymerization on gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) can be optimized to have suitable conductive properties to be used with direct current (DC) measurements. A new layer based on polyaniline:poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI:PSS)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)/ferrocene (Fc) was electrosynthesized and deposed on interdigital transducers (IDT) and was characterized in detail using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sensor characteristics of the material towards carbon monoxide (CO) in the concentration range of 10–300 ppm were examined, showing a minimal relative humidity interference of only 1% and an increase of sensitivity with the increase of CO concentration. Humidity interference could be controlled by the number of CV cycles when a compact layer was formed and the addition of Fc played an important role in the decrease of humidity. The results for CO detection can be substantially improved by optimizing the number of deposition cycles and enhancing the Fc concentration. The material was developed for selective detection of CO in real environmental conditions and shows good potential for use in a wearable sensor.
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González-Legarreta L, Renero-Lecuna C, Valiente R, Fanarraga ML. Development of an accurate method for dispersion and quantification of carbon nanotubes in biological media. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5642-5647. [PMID: 33185213 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological effects triggered by nanomaterials is crucial, not only in nanomedicine but also in toxicology. The dose-response relation is relevant in biological tests due to its use for determining appropriate dosages for drugs and toxicity limits. Carbon nanotubes can trigger numerous unusual biological effects, many of which could have unique applications in biotechnology and medicine. However, their resuspension in saline solutions and the accurate determination of their concentration after dispersion in biological media are major handicaps to identify the magnitude of the response of organisms as a function of this exposure. This difficulty has led to inconsistent results and misinterpretations of their in vivo behavior, limiting their potential use in nanomedicine. The lack of a suitable protocol that allows comparing different studies of the content of carbon nanotubes and their adequate resuspension in culture cell media gives rise to this study. Here, we describe a methodology to functionalize, resuspend and determine the carbon nanotube concentration in biocompatible media based on UV-Vis spectroscopy. This method allows us to accurately estimate the concentration of these resuspended carbon nanotubes, after removing bundles and micrometric aggregates, which can be used as a calibration standard, for dosage-dependent studies in biological systems. This method can also be extended to any other nanomaterial to properly quantify the actual concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena González-Legarreta
- Grupo de Nanomedicina-IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain. and Dept. QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Avd. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Renero-Lecuna
- Grupo de Nanomedicina-IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Rafael Valiente
- Grupo de Nanomedicina-IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain. and Dpto. Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. de los Castros 48, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Mónica L Fanarraga
- Grupo de Nanomedicina-IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain. and Dpto. Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
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O'Mahony C, Haq EU, Sillien C, Tofail SAM. Rheological Issues in Carbon-Based Inks for Additive Manufacturing. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E99. [PMID: 30700026 PMCID: PMC6412792 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As the industry and commercial market move towards the optimization of printing and additive manufacturing, it becomes important to understand how to obtain the most from the materials while maintaining the ability to print complex geometries effectively. Combining such a manufacturing method with advanced carbon materials, such as Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, and Carbon fibers, with their mechanical and conductive properties, delivers a cutting-edge combination of low-cost conductive products. Through the process of printing the effectiveness of these properties decreases. Thorough optimization is required to determine the idealized ink functional and flow properties to ensure maximum printability and functionalities offered by carbon nanoforms. The optimization of these properties then is limited by the printability. By determining the physical properties of printability and flow properties of the inks, calculated compromises can be made for the ink design. In this review we have discussed the connection between the rheology of carbon-based inks and the methodologies for maintaining the maximum pristine carbon material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie O'Mahony
- Department of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, National Technological Park, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ehtsham Ul Haq
- Department of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, National Technological Park, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Christophe Sillien
- Department of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, National Technological Park, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Syed A M Tofail
- Department of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, National Technological Park, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
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