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Lopes IS, Soares JKC, de Medeiros LS, Coronato Courrol L. Evaluation of ALA-capped silver, copper, and silver-copper nanoparticles for controlling fungal plant pathogens. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106672. [PMID: 38705219 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi significantly threaten global food security, causing substantial yield and quality losses. Sustainable solutions are urgently needed to combat these agricultural pathogens. This study explored the potential of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and combined Ag/Cu nanoparticles capped with aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as antifungal agents. The nanoparticles (ALAAg, ALACu, and ALAAgCu) were synthesized via photoreduction and characterized using various techniques (UV-Vis, TEM, XRD, Zeta potential). Their antifungal activity against four key plant pathogens (Alternaria grandis, Colletotrichum truncatum, Corynespora cassiicola, and Fusarium oxysporum) was evaluated using poisoned food techniques. Notably, ALAAgCuNPs demonstrated superior antifungal activity compared to a conventional fungicide against two fungal strains. Even at lower concentrations, ALAAgCuNPs exhibited fungistatic effects comparable to those of the control. These promising results suggest the potential of ALAAgCu NPs as a broad-spectrum, potentially eco-friendly alternative for fungal control in plants and seeds. This approach is crucial for ensuring crop health, harvest quality, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Santos Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jullio Kennedy Castro Soares
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Soman de Medeiros
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilia Coronato Courrol
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Szymańska E, Potaś J, Baranowski M, Czarnomysy R, Sulewska ME, Basa A, Pietruska M, Bielawski K, Winnicka K. Evaluation of Oromucosal Natural Gum-Based Emulgels as Novel Strategy for Photodynamic Therapy of Oral Premalignant Lesions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2512. [PMID: 37896272 PMCID: PMC10610218 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) recently has been shown as a promising option in the treatment of premalignant lesions of the soft oral tissues. Effective delivery of photosensitizer is challenging due to poor drug adherence to the oromucosal epithelium. In the present work, emulgels composed of natural polysaccharide gums (tragacanth, xanthan and gellan) were evaluated as novel oromucosal platforms of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for PDT. Apart from mucoadhesive and textural analysis, the specific steps involved studies on drug penetration behavior and safety profile using a three-dimensional human oral epithelium model (HOE). All designed emulgels presented greater mucoadhesiveness when compared to commercial oromucosal gel. Incorporation of ALA affected textural properties of emulgels, and tragacanth/xanthan formulation with greater hardness and cohesiveness exhibited a protective function against the mechanical tongue stress. Permeability studies revealed that ALA is capable of penetrating across oromucosal epithelium by passive transport and all formulations promoted its absorption rate when compared to a commercial topical product with ALA. Importantly, the combination of tragacanth and xanthan profoundly enhanced photosensitizer retention in the buccal epithelium. Tested samples performed negligible reduction in cell viability and moderately low IL-1β release, confirming their non-irritancy and compatibility with HOE. Overall, the presented findings indicate that tragacanth/xanthan emulgel holds promise as an oromucosal ALA-carrier for PDT strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Szymańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Joanna Potaś
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Białystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Magdalena Ewa Sulewska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (M.E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Basa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Pietruska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (M.E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Białystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.P.); (K.W.)
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Kiening M, Lange N. A step ahead to enhancing routine breast cancer resection: Spheroid and hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane models to assess the photodynamic diagnosis efficiency of ALA and PSI-ALA-hex. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 244:112717. [PMID: 37146545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its derivatives have been used in the diagnosis of several diseases through topical, intravesical, and oral administration. However, their intravenous use for the theranostics of cancers has not raised interest despite its potential advantages. In this study, we compared the efficacy of ALA, its hexyl ester ALA-Hex, and our new derivative PSI-ALA-Hex to induce a fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) overproduction in breast cancers. First, we tested the drugs on four subtypes of breast cancer spheroids in vitro. Our results demonstrated the capacity of ALA-Hex and PSI-ALA-Hex to produce PpIX in all breast spheroids, although ALA struggled in half of the models. We applied the chick embryo in vivo model to investigate the intravenous administration route of ALA and PSI-ALA-Hex, ALA-Hex being toxic. We engrafted breast cancer nodules having various hormonal profiles onto the chorioallantoic membrane of the eggs. They were all detected by fluorescence imaging with mild efficacy using PSI-ALA-Hex, which displayed a maximum selectivity of 2.2 to 2.9, whereas ALA showed a higher selectivity from 3.2 to 5.1 at 300 μmol/kg. PSI-ALA-Hex was less appropriate for the diagnosis of breast cancer by intravenous administration. We show for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the photodetection and imaging of a wide range of breast tumors in vivo upon intravenous treatment with ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kiening
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Lange
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Kiening M, Lange N. A Recap of Heme Metabolism towards Understanding Protoporphyrin IX Selectivity in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147974. [PMID: 35887311 PMCID: PMC9324066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles of mammalian cells, often emphasized for their function in energy production, iron metabolism and apoptosis as well as heme synthesis. The heme is an iron-loaded porphyrin behaving as a prosthetic group by its interactions with a wide variety of proteins. These complexes are termed hemoproteins and are usually vital to the whole cell comportment, such as the proteins hemoglobin, myoglobin or cytochromes, but also enzymes such as catalase and peroxidases. The building block of porphyrins is the 5-aminolevulinic acid, whose exogenous administration is able to stimulate the entire heme biosynthesis route. In neoplastic cells, this methodology repeatedly demonstrated an accumulation of the ultimate heme precursor, the fluorescent protoporphyrin IX photosensitizer, rather than in healthy tissues. While manifold players have been proposed, numerous discrepancies between research studies still dispute the mechanisms underlying this selective phenomenon that yet requires intensive investigations. In particular, we wonder what are the respective involvements of enzymes and transporters in protoporphyrin IX accretion. Is this mainly due to a boost in protoporphyrin IX anabolism along with a drop of its catabolism, or are its transporters deregulated? Additionally, can we truly expect to find a universal model to explain this selectivity? In this report, we aim to provide our peers with an overview of the currently known mitochondrial heme metabolism and approaches that could explain, at least partly, the mechanism of protoporphyrin IX selectivity towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Lange
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-33-35; Fax: +41-22-379-65-67
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Schary N, Novak B, Kämper L, Yousf A, Lübbert H. Identification and pharmacological modification of resistance mechanisms to protoporphyrin-mediated photodynamic therapy in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103004. [PMID: 35811052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is clinically approved to treat neoplastic skin diseases such as precursors of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). In PDT, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) drives the selective formation of the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Although 5-ALA PDT is clinically highly effective, resistance might occur due to decreased accumulation of PpIX in certain tumors. Such resistance may be caused by any fundamental step of PpIX accumulation: 5-ALA uptake, PpIX synthesis and PpIX efflux. METHODS We investigated PpIX accumulation and photodynamically induced cell death in PDT refractory SCC-13, PDT susceptible A431, and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Expression of genes associated with cellular PpIX kinetics was investigated on mRNA and protein level. PpIX accumulation and cell death upon illumination were pharmacologically manipulated using drugs targeting 5-ALA uptake, PpIX synthesis or efflux. RESULTS The experiments indicate that taurine transporter (SLC6A6) is the major pathway for 5-ALA uptake in cSCC cells, while being less important in NHEK. Downregulation of PpIX synthesis enzymes in SCC-13 was counteracted by methotrexate (MTX) treatment, which restored PpIX formation and cell death. PpIX efflux inhibitors targeting ABC transporters led to significantly increased PpIX accumulation in SCC-13, thereby fully overcoming resistance. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a conserved threshold for PpIX accumulation with respect to PDT-resistance. Cells showed increased viability after PDT at PpIX concentrations below 1.5 nM. Selective uptake of 5-ALA via taurine transporter SLC6A6 in cutaneous tumor cells is novel but unrelated to resistance. MTX can partially abrogate resistance by PpIX synthesis enzyme induction, while efflux mechanisms via ABC transporters seem the main driving force and promising drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schary
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Ben Novak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Biofrontera Bioscience GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany.
| | - Laura Kämper
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Aisha Yousf
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Hermann Lübbert
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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Detection of Canine Urothelial Carcinoma Cells in Urine Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040485. [PMID: 35203195 PMCID: PMC8868528 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a method to detect canine urothelial carcinoma cells in urine using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy. Urine samples were collected from 21 dogs diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma and three urothelial carcinoma cell lines were used. Urine samples obtained from seven healthy dogs were used as controls. Cells in the urine sediment, or urothelial carcinoma cell lines, were cultured with 5-ALA and then observed under a fluorescence microscope. Moreover, we examined the relationship between fluorescence intensity and the presence of metastasis as well as tumor invasion into the bladder wall in cases of urothelial carcinoma. Urine-derived cells from urothelial carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma cell lines showed clearer red fluorescence with the addition of 5-ALA compared to that exhibited by the cells from healthy dogs. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma were 90% and 86%, respectively. Significant associations were found between fluorescence intensity and tumor metastasis and bladder wall invasion. This study showed that 5-ALA can be used to detect urothelial carcinoma cells in dogs with relatively high diagnostic accuracy. Further, the fluorescence intensity of tumor cells caused by 5-ALA correlated with the clinical condition of urothelial carcinoma cases, which suggested that 5-ALA could be used as a prognostic marker for canine urothelial carcinoma.
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Bechara EJ, Ramos LD, Stevani CV. 5-Aminolevulinic acid: A matter of life and caveats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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In vivo photobleaching kinetics and epithelial biodistribution of hexylaminolevulinate-induced protoporphyrin IX in rat bladder cancer. Curr Urol 2021; 15:2-10. [PMID: 34084115 PMCID: PMC8137026 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous paper, we showed that rat bladder instillations with 8 or 16 mM of hexyl aminolevulinate (hALA) result in diametrically opposed photodynamic therapy efficiency. Although the same fluorescent intensities were detected spectroscopically and by fluorescent microscopy in both conditions, while a given light dose resulted in tumor necrosis with an intact bladder wall after 8 mM hALA, bladders instilled with 16 mM showed total wall necrosis without impact on the tumor. The current study investigated the photobleaching and localization pattern of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after both hALA intravesical instillations in tumor-bearing rat bladders. The total PpIX content was evaluated by the extraction of postmortem whole bladders. Photobleaching was evaluated in vivo by fluorescent spectroscopy. Cryosections of bladders were subjected to fluorescent microscopy for cellular localization of the photosensitizer. PpIX extraction showed identical amounts of photosensitizer in tumor-bearing bladders at both concentrations. Photobleaching experiments revealed mono-exponential decay curves in both situations but with a two times faster decay constant in 16 mM bladders. Fluorescent microscopy showed an identical fluorescent pattern for normal bladders at both concentrations and tumor bladders at 8 mM with bright spots. Tumor bladders at 16 mM exhibited a more diffuse cytoplasmatic fluorescent distribution. The different response to photodynamic therapy with regard to the initial pro-drug concentration can thus be attributed to the different cellular localizations.
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Sasaki M, Tanaka M, Ichikawa H, Suzuki T, Nishie H, Ozeki K, Shimura T, Kubota E, Tanida S, Kataoka H. 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) accumulates in GIST-T1 cells and photodynamic diagnosis using 5-ALA identifies gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in xenograft tumor models. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249650. [PMID: 33826667 PMCID: PMC8026038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) diagnosis using conventional gastrointestinal endoscopy is difficult because such malignancies cannot be distinguished from other types of submucosal tumors. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is based on the preferential uptake of photosensitizers by tumor tissues and its detection by fluorescence emission upon laser excitation. In this study, we investigated whether PDD using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a standard photosensitizer used worldwide, could be used for GIST diagnosis. 5-ALA is metabolized to endogenous fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). We examined the accumulation of PpIX in GIST-T1 cells using flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining. Furthermore, we established GIST-T1 xenograft mouse models and examined PpIX accumulation in the resultant tumors. PpIX accumulated in GIST-T1 cells and was localized mainly to lysosomes. PpIX accumulation was also observed in murine xenograft tumors. Moreover, tumor and normal tissues could be distinctly identified by relative PpIX fluorescence. Thus, our results demonstrated that PDD with 5-ALA has substantial clinical potential for GIST diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taketo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotada Nishie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiji Ozeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Bustad HJ, Kallio JP, Vorland M, Fiorentino V, Sandberg S, Schmitt C, Aarsand AK, Martinez A. Acute Intermittent Porphyria: An Overview of Therapy Developments and Future Perspectives Focusing on Stabilisation of HMBS and Proteostasis Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E675. [PMID: 33445488 PMCID: PMC7827610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease with low clinical penetrance, caused by mutations in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene, which encodes the third enzyme in the haem biosynthesis pathway. In susceptible HMBS mutation carriers, triggering factors such as hormonal changes and commonly used drugs induce an overproduction and accumulation of toxic haem precursors in the liver. Clinically, this presents as acute attacks characterised by severe abdominal pain and a wide array of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, and, in the long-term setting, the development of primary liver cancer, hypertension and kidney failure. Treatment options are few, and therapies preventing the development of symptomatic disease and long-term complications are non-existent. Here, we provide an overview of the disorder and treatments already in use in clinical practice, in addition to other therapies under development or in the pipeline. We also introduce the pathomechanistic effects of HMBS mutations, and present and discuss emerging therapeutic options based on HMBS stabilisation and the regulation of proteostasis. These are novel mechanistic therapeutic approaches with the potential of prophylactic correction of the disease by totally or partially recovering the enzyme functionality. The present scenario appears promising for upcoming patient-tailored interventions in AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene J. Bustad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (H.J.B.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Juha P. Kallio
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (H.J.B.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Marta Vorland
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre (NAPOS), Department for Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (M.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Valeria Fiorentino
- INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France; (V.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre (NAPOS), Department for Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (M.V.); (S.S.)
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Caroline Schmitt
- INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France; (V.F.); (C.S.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Aasne K. Aarsand
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre (NAPOS), Department for Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (M.V.); (S.S.)
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (H.J.B.); (J.P.K.)
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Labib PL, Yaghini E, Davidson BR, MacRobert AJ, Pereira SP. 5-Aminolevulinic acid for fluorescence-guided surgery in pancreatic cancer: Cellular transport and fluorescence quantification studies. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100886. [PMID: 33059124 PMCID: PMC7566921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a potential contrast agent for fluorescence-guided surgery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, factors influencing ALA uptake in PDAC have not been adequately assessed. We investigated ALA-induced porphyrin fluorescence in PDAC cell lines CFPAC-1 and PANC-1 and pancreatic ductal cell line H6c7 following incubation with 0.25-1.0 mM ALA for 4-48 h. Fluorescence was assessed qualitatively by microscopy and quantitatively by plate reader and flow cytometry. Haem biosynthesis enzymes and transporters were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). CFPAC-1 cells exhibited intense fluorescence under microscopy at low concentrations whereas PANC-1 cells and pancreatic ductal cell line H6c7 showed much lower fluorescence. Quantitative fluorescence studies demonstrated fluorescence saturation in the two PDAC cell lines at 0.5 mM ALA, whereas H6c7 cells showed increasing fluorescence with increasing ALA. Based on the PDAC:H6c7 fluorescence ratio studies, lower ALA concentrations provide better contrast between PDAC and benign pancreatic cells. Studies with qPCR showed upregulation of ALA influx transporter PEPT1 in CFPAC-1, whereas PANC-1 upregulated the efflux transporter ABCG2. We conclude that PEPT1 and ABCG2 expression may be key contributory factors for variability in ALA-induced fluorescence in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Labib
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - E Yaghini
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - B R Davidson
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - A J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - S P Pereira
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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12
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Photochemical Internalization for Intracellular Drug Delivery. From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020528. [PMID: 32075165 PMCID: PMC7073817 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a unique intervention which involves the release of endocytosed macromolecules into the cytoplasmic matrix. PCI is based on the use of photosensitizers placed in endocytic vesicles that, following light activation, lead to rupture of the endocytic vesicles and the release of the macromolecules into the cytoplasmic matrix. This technology has been shown to improve the biological activity of a number of macromolecules that do not readily penetrate the plasma membrane, including type I ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), gene-encoding plasmids, adenovirus and oligonucleotides and certain chemotherapeutics, such as bleomycin. This new intervention has also been found appealing for intracellular delivery of drugs incorporated into nanocarriers and for cancer vaccination. PCI is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Data from the first-in-human phase I clinical trial as well as an update on the development of the PCI technology towards clinical practice is presented here.
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de Oliveira ER, Inada NM, Blanco KC, Bagnato VS, Salvio AG. Field cancerization treatment using topical photodynamic therapy: A comparison between two aminolevulinate derivatives. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 30:101603. [PMID: 31821900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical response to PDT (Photodynamic Therapy) in field cancerization using two aminolevulinate derivatives. Forty patients with multiple actinic keratosis (AK) on forearms and hands scattered received two sessions of ALA and MAL-PDT at 630 nm (36 J/cm2). The AK clearance rate was 72 % for both drugs with a significant decrease in AK observed clinically (p < 00,001). Clinical improvement in field cancerization using two aminolevulinate derivatives in PDT is proven with no significant difference in the efficacy of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia M Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kate Cristina Blanco
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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14
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McNicholas K, MacGregor MN, Gleadle JM. In order for the light to shine so brightly, the darkness must be present-why do cancers fluoresce with 5-aminolaevulinic acid? Br J Cancer 2019; 121:631-639. [PMID: 31406300 PMCID: PMC6889380 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic diagnosis and therapy have emerged as a promising tool in oncology. Using the visible fluorescence from photosensitisers excited by light, clinicians can both identify and treat tumour cells in situ. Protoporphyrin IX, produced in the penultimate step of the haem synthesis pathway, is a naturally occurring photosensitiser that visibly fluoresces when exposed to light. This fluorescence is enhanced considerably by the exogenous administration of the substrate 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA). Significantly, 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulates preferentially in cancer cells, and this enhanced fluorescence has been harnessed for the detection and photodynamic treatment of brain, skin and bladder tumours. However, surprisingly little is known about the mechanistic basis for this phenomenon. This review focuses on alterations in the haem pathway in cancer and considers the unique features of the cancer environment, such as altered glucose metabolism, oncogenic mutations and hypoxia, and their potential effects on the protoporphyrin IX phenomenon. A better understanding of why cancer cells fluoresce with 5-ALA would improve its use in cancer diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym McNicholas
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia. .,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Melanie N MacGregor
- Future Industries Institute, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Gleadle
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
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15
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Chan KM, Vasilev K, Shirazi HS, McNicholas K, Li J, Gleadle J, MacGregor M. Biosensor device for the photo-specific detection of immuno-captured bladder cancer cells using hexaminolevulinate: An ex-vivo study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:238-247. [PMID: 31394301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous administration of the photodynamic agent hexaminolevulinate induces Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation in malignant tissue. This may enable differentiation from healthy tissues by emission of a distinctive red fluorescence. It provides the photo-specific detection when excited with blue light at 405 nm. This study determines the ex-vivo processing conditions (time, concentration, temperature and addition of a fluorescent dye) required for HAL-induced PpIX fluorescence to successfully discriminate between bladder cancer and benign fibroblast cells shed in urine at the single cell level. HAL-induced fluorescence was 4.5 times brighter in cancer cells than non-cancer cells when incubated in the optimum conditions, and could be used to correctly identified bladder cancer cells captured within a newly developed immunofunctionalized biosensor with 88% efficiency. This biosensor is designed to facilitate the immuno-capture of cancer cells by interaction with carcinoma specific anti Epithelial Cell Adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM) antibodies. Anti-EpCAM antibodies were immobilized on polyoxazoline (POx) plasma polymers by covalent bonds in microfluidic channels. Combining photodynamic and immunoselective approach therefore constitute a promising approach for the non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer with two independent level of confidence. OBJECTIVE This study investigate the relationship between different regulatory factors (time, concentration, temperature and addition of a fluorescent dye) and Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-mediated photodynamic diagnosis of bladder cancer (PDD) in vitro. We examine the natural photosensitizer Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence induced by HAL in several human bladder cancer cell lines and one non-cancer foreskin fibroblast cell line and identify the processing conditions that maximise the difference in fluorescence intensity between malign and benign cell types. The detection of HAL induced fluorescence at a single cell level by a selective cancer cell capture platform is also tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were performed on cultured monolayer cells and cells in suspension. The cell lines examined included the transitional epithelium carcinoma cell lines HT1197, HT1376, EJ138 and RT4, and the non-cancer foreskin fibroblasts HFF. Cells were incubated with HAL in various doses, time and temperature settings. We also used the nuclear red as a tool to study the PpIX subcellular localization. PpIX fluorescence intensities were measured and analysed using fluorescence microscope software. Finally, we evaluated the possibility of using HAL to discriminate between cancer and non-cancer cells from a mixed cell population using a newly developed immunofunctionalized microfluidic platform. RESULTS The accumulation of PpIX in bladder cancer cells was significantly higher than in non-cancer cells, both cultured monolayer cells and cells in suspension. Effectively, the fluorescence intensity was 4.5 times brighter in bladder cancer cells than non-cancer foreskin fibroblast cells when incubated in the optimum condition, in which the nuclear stain adjuvant acted as a fluorescence enhancer. Cancer cells displayed PpIX accumulated mainly in mitochondria but none or very little PpIX was observed in non-cancer cells. HAL-induced fluorescence could be used to correctly identify bladder cancer cells within the EpCAM conjugated POx based microfluidic sensor with an 88% capture selectivity rate. CONCLUSIONS These findings prove that the application of HAL-induced PpIX fluorescence can successfully distinguish between cancer and non-cancer cells in vitro. This test can provide advanced second level of confidence on the cancerous nature of cells captured by the immunofunctionalized bladder cancer diagnostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Man Chan
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- School of Engineering, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Hanieh Safizadeh Shirazi
- School of Engineering, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Kym McNicholas
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Jordan Li
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Gleadle
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Melanie MacGregor
- School of Engineering, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
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16
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Kitajima Y, Ishii T, Kohda T, Ishizuka M, Yamazaki K, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T, Dan S, Nakajima M. Mechanistic study of PpIX accumulation using the JFCR39 cell panel revealed a role for dynamin 2-mediated exocytosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8666. [PMID: 31209282 PMCID: PMC6572817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has recently been employed for photodynamic diagnosis (ALA-PDD) and photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) of various types of cancer because hyperproliferating tumor cells do not utilize oxidative phosphorylation and do not efficiently produce heme; instead, they accumulate protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is a precursor of heme that is activated by violet light irradiation that results in the production of red fluorescence and singlet oxygen. The efficiencies of ALA-PDD and ALA-PDT depend on the efficient cellular uptake of 5-ALA and the inefficient excretion of PpIX. We employed the JFCR39 cell panel to determine whether tumor cells originating from different tissues can produce and accumulate PpIX. We also investigated cellular factors/molecules involved in PpIX excretion by tumor cells with the JFCR39 cell panel. Unexpectedly, the expression levels of ABCG2, which has been considered to play a major role in PpIX extracellular transport, did not show a strong correlation with PpIX excretion levels in the JFCR39 cell panel, although an ABCG2 inhibitor significantly increased intracellular PpIX accumulation in several tumor cell lines. In contrast, the expression levels of dynamin 2, which is a cell membrane-associated molecule involved in exocytosis, were correlated with the PpIX excretion levels. Moreover, inhibitors of dynamin significantly suppressed PpIX excretion and increased the intracellular levels of PpIX. This is the first report demonstrating the causal relationship between dynamin 2 expression and PpIX excretion in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kanami Yamazaki
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishimura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Kawai N, Hirohashi Y, Ebihara Y, Saito T, Murai A, Saito T, Shirosaki T, Kubo T, Nakatsugawa M, Kanaseki T, Tsukahara T, Shichinohe T, Li L, Hirano S, Torigoe T. ABCG2 expression is related to low 5-ALA photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) efficacy and cancer stem cell phenotype, and suppression of ABCG2 improves the efficacy of PDD. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216503. [PMID: 31083682 PMCID: PMC6513434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic diagnosis/therapy (PDD/PDT) are novel modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX is metabolized from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) intracellularly, and PDD/PDT using 5-ALA have been approved in dermatologic malignancies and gliomas. However, the molecular mechanism that defines the efficacy of PDD/PDT is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the functions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in PDD using 5-ALA. Most of the human gastrointestinal cancer line cells examined showed a homogenous staining pattern with 5-ALA, except for the pancreatic cancer line PANC-1, which showed heterogeneous staining. To analyze this heterogeneous staining pattern, single cell clones were established from PANC-1 cells and the expression of ABC transporters was assessed. Among the ABC transporter genes examined, ABCG2 showed an inverse correlation with the rate of 5-ALA-positive staining. PANC-1 clone #2 cells showed the highest level of ABCG2 expression and the lowest level of 5-ALA staining, with only a 0.6% positive rate. Knockdown of the ABCG2 gene by small interfering RNAs increased the positive rate of 5-ALA staining in PANC-1 wild-type and clone cells. Interestingly, PANC-1 clone #2 cells showed the high sphere-forming ability and tumor-formation ability, indicating that the cells contained high numbers of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Knockdown or inhibition of ABCG2 increased the rate of 5-ALA staining, but did not decrease sphere-forming ability. These results indicate that gastrointestinal cancer cell lines expressing high levels of ABCG2 are enriched with CSCs and show low rates of 5-ALA staining, but 5-ALA staining rates can be improved by inhibition of ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kawai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (YH)
| | - Yuma Ebihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuma Saito
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Graduate School of Photonic Science, Chitose Institute for Science and Technology, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aiko Murai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohide Shirosaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shichinohe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Liming Li
- Graduate School of Photonic Science, Chitose Institute for Science and Technology, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (YH)
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18
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Zafar S, Jabeen I. GRID-independent molecular descriptor analysis and molecular docking studies to mimic the binding hypothesis of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1) inhibitors. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6283. [PMID: 30723616 PMCID: PMC6360079 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT1 is involved in GABA transport across the biological membrane in and out of the synaptic cleft. The efficiency of this Na+ coupled GABA transport is regulated by an electrochemical gradient, which is directed inward under normal conditions. However, in certain pathophysiological situations, including strong depolarization or an imbalance in ion homeostasis, the GABA influx into the cytoplasm is increased by re-uptake transport mechanism. This mechanism may lead to extra removal of extracellular GABA which results in numerous neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Thus, small molecule inhibitors of GABA re-uptake may enhance GABA activity at the synaptic clefts. Methods In the present study, various GRID-independent molecular descriptor (GRIND) models have been developed to shed light on the 3D structural features of human GAT1 (hGAT1) inhibitors using nipecotic acid and N-diarylalkenyl piperidine analogs. Further, a binding hypothesis has been developed for the selected GAT1 antagonists by molecular docking inside the binding cavity of hGAT1 homology model. Results Our results indicate that two hydrogen bond acceptors, one hydrogen bond donor and one hydrophobic region at certain distances from each other play an important role in achieving high inhibitory potency against hGAT1. Our docking results elucidate the importance of the COOH group in hGAT1 antagonists by considering substitution of the COOH group with an isoxazol ring in compound 37, which subsequently leads to a three order of magnitude decrease in biological activity of 37 (IC50 = 38 µM) as compared to compound 1 (IC50 = 0.040 µM). Discussion Our docking results are strengthened by the structure activity relationship of the data series as well as by GRIND models, thus providing a significant structural basis for understanding the binding of antagonists, which may be useful for guiding the design of hGAT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Zafar
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan
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19
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Optical techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of lesions induced by the human papillomavirus - A resource letter. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:106-110. [PMID: 29654842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the most common sexually-transmitted virus, and carcinogenic HPV strains are reported to be responsible for virtually all cases of cervical cancer and its precursor, the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). About 30% of the sexually active population are considered to be affected by HPV. Around 600 million people are estimated to be infected worldwide. Diseases related to HPV cause significant impact from both the personal welfare point of view and public healthcare perspective. This resource letter collects relevant information regarding HPV-induced lesions and discusses both diagnosis and treatment, with particular attention to optical techniques and the challenges involved to the implementation of those approaches.
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20
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Dobson J, de Queiroz GF, Golding JP. Photodynamic therapy and diagnosis: Principles and comparative aspects. Vet J 2018; 233:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Pallet N, Karras A, Thervet E, Gouya L, Karim Z, Puy H. Porphyria and kidney diseases. Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:191-197. [PMID: 29644058 PMCID: PMC5888040 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys, after the bone marrow and liver, are third in terms of the amounts of haem synthesized daily. Haem is incorporated into haemoproteins that are critical to renal physiology. In turn, disturbances in haem metabolism interfere with renal physiology and are tightly interrelated with kidney diseases. Acute intermittent porphyria causes kidney injury, whereas medical situations associated with end-stage renal disease, such as porphyrin accumulation, iron overload and hepatitis C, participate in the inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and predispose the individual to porphyria cutanea tarda. Even if some of these interactions have been known for a long time, the clinical situations associated with these interrelations have strikingly evolved over time with the advent of new therapeutic strategies for dialysis therapy and a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of porphyria-associated kidney disease. Physicians should be aware of these interactions. The aim of this review is to summarize the complex interactions between kidney physiology and pathology in the settings of porphyria and to emphasize their often-underestimated importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pallet
- INSERM U1147, Centre Universitaire des Saints Pères, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Karras
- INSERM U1147, Centre Universitaire des Saints Pères, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Thervet
- INSERM U1147, Centre Universitaire des Saints Pères, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- Centre Francais des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Colombes, France.,INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Puy
- Centre Francais des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Colombes, France.,INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
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22
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Pippin AB, Voll RJ, Li Y, Wu H, Mao H, Goodman MM. Radiochemical Synthesis and Evaluation of 13N-Labeled 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for PET Imaging of Gliomas. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1236-1240. [PMID: 29259740 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous amino acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), has received significant attention as an imaging agent, including ongoing clinical trials for image-guided tumor resection due to its selective uptake and subsequent accumulation of the fluorescent protoporphyrin IX in tumor cells. Based on the widely reported selectivity of 5-ALA, a new positron emission tomography imaging probe was developed by reacting methyl 5-bromolevulinate with [13N] ammonia. The radiotracer, [13N] 5-ALA, was produced in high radiochemical yield (65%) in 10 min and could be purified using only solid phase cartridges. In vivo testing in rats bearing intracranial 9L glioblastoma showed peak tumor uptake occurred within 10 min of radiotracer administration. Immunohistochemical staining and fluorescent imaging was used to confirm the tumor location and accumulation of the tracer seen from the PET images. The quick synthesis and rapid tumor specific uptake of [13N] 5-ALA makes it a potential novel clinical applicable radiotracer for detecting and monitoring tumors noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Pippin
- Department of Radiology
and
Imaging Sciences, Emory University Center for Systems Imaging, Wesley Woods Health Center, 1841 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Ronald J. Voll
- Department of Radiology
and
Imaging Sciences, Emory University Center for Systems Imaging, Wesley Woods Health Center, 1841 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology
and
Imaging Sciences, Emory University Center for Systems Imaging, Wesley Woods Health Center, 1841 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiology
and
Imaging Sciences, Emory University Center for Systems Imaging, Wesley Woods Health Center, 1841 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology
and
Imaging Sciences, Emory University Center for Systems Imaging, Wesley Woods Health Center, 1841 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Mark M. Goodman
- Department of Radiology
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Imaging Sciences, Emory University Center for Systems Imaging, Wesley Woods Health Center, 1841 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
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23
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Ning S, Kang Q, Fan D, Liu J, Xue C, Zhang X, Ding C, Zhang J, Peng Q, Ji Z. Protein 4.1R is Involved in the Transport of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid by Interaction with GATs in MEF Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 94:173-178. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Ning
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Dandan Fan
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Chaoyue Xue
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Cong Ding
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology; The Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; University of Oslo; Montebello Oslo Norway
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
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24
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Cordova JS, Gurbani SS, Holder CA, Olson JJ, Schreibmann E, Shi R, Guo Y, Shu HKG, Shim H, Hadjipanayis CG. Semi-Automated Volumetric and Morphological Assessment of Glioblastoma Resection with Fluorescence-Guided Surgery. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:454-62. [PMID: 26463215 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) neurosurgical resection relies on contrast-enhanced MRI-based neuronavigation. However, it is well-known that infiltrating tumor extends beyond contrast enhancement. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was evaluated to improve extent of resection (EOR) of GBMs. Preoperative morphological tumor metrics were also assessed. PROCEDURES Thirty patients from a phase II trial evaluating 5-ALA FGS in newly diagnosed GBM were assessed. Tumors were segmented preoperatively to assess morphological features as well as postoperatively to evaluate EOR and residual tumor volume (RTV). RESULTS Median EOR and RTV were 94.3 % and 0.821 cm(3), respectively. Preoperative surface area to volume ratio and RTV were significantly associated with overall survival, even when controlling for the known survival confounders. CONCLUSIONS This study supports claims that 5-ALA FGS is helpful at decreasing tumor burden and prolonging survival in GBM. Moreover, morphological indices are shown to impact both resection and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Cordova
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Saumya S Gurbani
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chad A Holder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eduard Schreibmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ran Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, Emory University School of Public Health, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Emory University School of Public Health, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hui-Kuo G Shu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Costas G Hadjipanayis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, 10 Union Square, 5th Floor, Suite 5E, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
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In vitro assessment of anti-tumorigenic mechanisms and efficacy of NanoALA, a nanoformulation of aminolevulic acid designed for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 20:62-70. [PMID: 28838760 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of nanocarriers is an important approach to increase the bioavailability of hydrophilic drugs in target cells. In this work, we evaluated the anti-tumorigenic mechanisms and efficacy of NanoALA, a novel nanoformulation of aminolevulic acid (ALA) based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanocapsules designed for anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS For this purpose, physicochemical characterization, prodrug incorporation kinetics, biocompatibility and photocytotoxicity tests, analysis of the cell death type and mitochondrial function, measurement of the intracellular reactive oxygen species production and DNA fragmentation were performed in murine mammary carcinoma (4T1) cells. RESULTS NanoALA formulation, stable over a period of 90days following synthesis, presented hydrodynamic diameter of 220±8.7nm, zeta potential of -30.6mV and low value of polydispersity index (0.28). The biological assays indicated that the nanostructured product promotes greater ALA uptake by 4T1 cells and consequently more cytotoxicity in the PDT process. For the first time in the scientific literature, there is a therapeutic efficacy report of approximately 80%, after only 1h of incubation with 100μgmL-1 prodrug (0.6mM ALA equivalent). The mitochondria are probably the initial target of treatment, culminating in energy metabolism disorders and cell death by apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS NanoALA emerges as a promising strategy for anticancer PDT. Besides being effective against a highly aggressive tumor cell line, the treatment may be economically advantageous because it allows a reduction in the dose and frequency of application compared to free ALA.
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Lee MJ, Hung SH, Huang MC, Tsai T, Chen CT. Doxycycline potentiates antitumor effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178493. [PMID: 28558025 PMCID: PMC5448821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common neurocutaneous disorders. Some NF1 patients develop benign large plexiform neurofibroma(s) at birth, which can then transform into a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). There is no curative treatment for this rapidly progressive and easily metastatic neurofibrosarcoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been developed as an anti-cancer treatment, and 5-aminolevulinic (ALA) mediated PDT (ALA-PDT) has been used to treat cutaneous skin and oral neoplasms. Doxycycline, a tetracycline derivative, can substantially reduce the tumor burden in human and animal models, in addition to its antimicrobial effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and to investigate the mechanism of action of combined doxycycline and ALA-PDT treatment of MPNST cells. An 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the combination of ALA-PDT and doxycycline significantly reduce MPNST survival rate, compared to cells treated with each therapy alone. Isobologram analysis showed that the combined treatment had a synergistic effect. The increased cytotoxic activity could be seen by an increase in cellular protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation. Furthermore, we found that the higher retention of PpIX was mainly due to increasing ALA uptake, rather than activity changes of the enzymes porphobilinogen deaminase and ferrochelatase. The combined treatment inhibited tumor growth in different tumor cell lines, but not in normal human Schwann cells or fibroblasts. Similarly, a synergistic interaction was also found in cells treated with ALA-PDT combined with minocycline, but not tetracycline. In summary, doxycycline can potentiate the effect of ALA-PDT to kill tumor cells. This increased potency allows for a dose reduction of doxycycline and photodynamic radiation, reducing the occurrence of toxic side effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Lee
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Ching Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsuimin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tin Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ibbotson S, Stones R, Bowling J, Campbell S, Kownacki S, Sivaramakrishnan M, Valentine R, Morton CA. A consensus on the use of daylight photodynamic therapy in the UK. J DERMATOL TREAT 2016; 28:360-367. [PMID: 27788605 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2016.1240863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Robin Stones
- Department of Dermatology, East Cheshire NHS Trust, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Jonathan Bowling
- Private Dermatology Practice, London, UK
- Private Dermatology Practise, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Campbell
- Dermatology Department, The Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | | | - Muthu Sivaramakrishnan
- Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
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Cohen DK, Lee PK. Photodynamic Therapy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8100090. [PMID: 27782043 PMCID: PMC5082380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is traditionally treated with surgical excision. Nonsurgical methods such as cryotherapy and topical chemotherapeutics, amongst other treatments, are other options. Actinic keratosis (AKs) are considered precancerous lesions that eventually may progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers an effective treatment for AKs, and is also effective for superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Nodular BCC and Bowen's disease (SCC in situ) have shown acceptable response rates with PDT, although recurrence rates are higher for these two NMSC subtypes. Methylaminolevulinate (MAL) PDT is a more effective treatment option than 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) PDT for nodular BCC. Several studies have shown that PDT results in superior cosmetic outcomes compared to surgical treatment. PDT is overall well-tolerated, with pain being the most common side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana K Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Peter K Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Selective 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in Gliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016; 158:1935-41. [PMID: 27496021 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-2897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are locally invasive tumors that offer a poor prognosis. Evidence shows that complete resection of the tumor at the time of surgery confers a significant improvement in overall survival. In recent years, 5- aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced fluorescence has been used by neurosurgeons to good effect in increasing the rate of complete resection. Despite the considerable interest in the use of 5-ALA in fluorescence-guided neurosurgery, the mechanisms behind the accumulation of Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in neoplastic tissue are unclear. In this review, we summarize the evidence in the literature on the mechanisms underlying the selective production of PpIX with a specific focus on gliomas.
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Denkovskij J, Rudys R, Bernotiene E, Minderis M, Bagdonas S, Kirdaite G. Cell surface markers and exogenously induced PpIX in synovial mesenchymal stem cells. Cytometry A 2015; 87:1001-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Denkovskij
- Department of Regenerative Medicine; State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; Vilnius 01102 Lithuania
| | - Romualdas Rudys
- Department of Innovative Technologies for Diagnostics; Treatment and Health Monitoring, State Research Institute for Innovative Medicine; Vilnius 01102 Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine; State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; Vilnius 01102 Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Minderis
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology-Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery; Vilnius University; Vilnius LT-08661 Lithuania
| | - Saulius Bagdonas
- Laser Research Center; Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University; Vilnius 10222 Lithuania
| | - Gailute Kirdaite
- Department of Innovative Technologies for Diagnostics; Treatment and Health Monitoring, State Research Institute for Innovative Medicine; Vilnius 01102 Lithuania
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Kiesslich T, Helander L, Illig R, Oberdanner C, Wagner A, Lettner H, Jakab M, Plaetzer K. Real-time analysis of endogenous protoporphyrin IX fluorescence from δ-aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives reveals distinct time- and dose-dependent characteristics in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:085007. [PMID: 25117078 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.085007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodiagnosis based on the intracellular production of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) by administration of its metabolic precursor -aminolevulinic acid (ALA) achieved their breakthrough upon the clinical approval of MAL (ALA methyl ester) and HAL (ALA hexyl ester). For newly developed ALA derivatives or application in new tumor types, in vitro determination of PPIX formation involves multiparametric experiments covering variable pro-drug concentrations, medium composition, time points of analysis, and cell type(s). This study uses a fluorescence microplate reader with a built-in temperature and atmosphere control to investigate the high-resolution long-term kinetics (72 h) of cellular PPIX fueled by administration of either ALA, MAL, or HAL for each 10 different concentrations. For simultaneous proliferation correction, A431 cells were stably transfected with green fluorescent protein. The results indicate that the peak PPIX level is a function of both, incubation concentration and period: maximal PPIX is generated with 1 to 2-mM ALA/MAL or 0.125-mM HAL; also, the PPIX peak shifts to longer incubation periods with increasing pro-drug concentrations. The results underline the need for detailed temporal analysis of PPIX formation to optimize ALA (derivative)-based PDT or photodiagnosis and highlight the value of environment-controlled microplate readers for automated in vitro analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kiesslich
- Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg A-5020, AustriabParacelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Department of Internal Medicine I, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg A-5020, Au
| | - Linda Helander
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Erling Skjalgssons gate 1, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Romana Illig
- Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Institute of Pathology, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | | | - Andrej Wagner
- Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Department of Internal Medicine I, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Herbert Lettner
- University of Salzburg, Department of Materials Science and Physics, Division of Physics and Biophysics, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Martin Jakab
- Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Kristjan Plaetzer
- University of Salzburg, Department of Materials Science and Physics, Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
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Tran TT, Mu A, Adachi Y, Adachi Y, Taketani S. Neurotransmitter Transporter Family Including SLC6A6 and SLC6A13 Contributes to the 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA)-Induced Accumulation of Protoporphyrin IX and Photodamage, through Uptake of ALA by Cancerous Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1136-43. [PMID: 24842606 DOI: 10.1111/php.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tai Tien Tran
- Department of Biotechnology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
| | - Anfeng Mu
- Department of Biotechnology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuka Adachi
- Department of Biotechnology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasushi Adachi
- Department of Pathology; Toyooka Hospital; Toyooka Hyogo Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Biotechnology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
- Insect Biomedical Center; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
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Ko DY, Kim KH, Song KH. Comparative Study of Photodynamic Therapy with Topical Methyl Aminolevulinate versus 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Facial Actinic Keratosis with Long-Term Follow-Up. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:321-31. [PMID: 24966631 PMCID: PMC4069642 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.3.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have compared the efficacy, cosmetic outcomes, and adverse events between 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) and methyl aminolevulinate-PDT (MAL-PDT) for actinic keratoses (AKs) in Asian ethnic populations with dark-skin. Objective We retrospectively compared the long-term efficacy, recurrence rates, cosmetic outcomes, and safety of ALA-PDT versus MAL-PDT for facial AKs in Koreans. Methods A total of 222 facial AKs in 58 patients were included in this study. A total of 153 lesions (29 patients) were treated with 5-ALA, and 69 lesions (29 patients) with MAL. ALA and MAL creams were applied for 6 hours and 3 hours, respectively; the lesions were then illuminated with a halogen lamp at 150 J/cm2 for ALA-PDT and a diode lamp at 37 J/cm2 for MAL-PDT. Results The complete response rates of ALA-PDT and MAL-PDT were 56.9% and 50.7%, respectively, with no significant difference at 12 months after treatment. No significant difference in recurrence rates was observed between the 2 PDT modalities at either 6 or 12 months after treatment. There was no significant difference in the cosmetic outcomes between the 2 treatment modalities at 12 months after PDT. However, ALA-PDT caused significantly more painful than MAL-PDT (p=0.005). The adverse events were mild to moderate, transient, and self-limiting for both modalities. Conclusion MAL-PDT was similar to ALA-PDT in terms of long-term efficacy, recurrence rates, cosmetic outcomes, and adverse events; however, it was a significantly less painful procedure than ALA-PDT in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeob Ko
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Hoon Song
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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Schwake M, Günes D, Köchling M, Brentrup A, Schroeteler J, Hotfilder M, Fruehwald MC, Stummer W, Ewelt C. Kinetics of porphyrin fluorescence accumulation in pediatric brain tumor cells incubated in 5-aminolevulinic acid. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:1077-84. [PMID: 24777761 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) enables more complete resections of tumors in adults. 5-ALA elicits accumulation of fluorescent porphyrins in various cancerous tissues, which can be visualized using a modified neurosurgical microscope with blue light. Although this technique is well established in adults, it has not been investigated systematically in pediatric brain tumors. Specifically, it is unknown how quickly, how long, and to what extent various pediatric tumors accumulate fluorescence. The purpose of this study was to determine utility and time course of 5-ALA-induced fluorescence in typical pediatric brain tumors in vitro. METHODS Cell cultures of medulloblastoma [DAOY and UW228], cPNET [PFSK] atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor [BT16] and ependymoma [RES196] were incubated with 5-ALA for either 60 minutes or continuously. Porphyrin fluorescence intensities were determined using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours. C6 and U87 cells served as controls. RESULTS All pediatric brain tumor cell lines displayed fluorescence compared to their respective controls without 5-ALA (p < 0.05). Sixty minutes of incubation resulted in peaks between 3 and 6 hours, whereas continuous incubation resulted in peaks at 12 hours or beyond. 60 minute incubation peak levels were between 52 and 91 % of maxima achieved with continuous incubation. Accumulation and clearance varied between cell types. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that 5-ALA exposure of cell lines derived from typical pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors induces accumulation of fluorescent porphyrins. Differences in uptake and clearance indicate that different application modes may be necessary for fluorescence-guided resection, depending on tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149, Münster, Germany,
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Middelburg TA, de Vijlder HC, de Bruijn HS, van der Ploeg-van den Heuvel A, Neumann HAM, de Haas ERM, Robinson DJ. Topical photodynamic therapy using different porphyrin precursors leads to differences in vascular photosensitization and vascular damage in normal mouse skin. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:896-902. [PMID: 24628584 DOI: 10.1111/php.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Different distributions of hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL), aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) in the superficial vasculature are not well studied but they are hypothesized to play an important role in topical photodynamic therapy (PDT). The colocalization of fluorescent CD31 and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was calculated using confocal microscopy of mouse skin sections to investigate the vascular distribution after topical application. Vascular damage leads to disruption of the normal endothelial adherens junction complex, of which CD144 is an integral component. Therefore, normal CD31 combined with loss of normal fluorescent CD144 staining was visually scored to assess vascular damage. Both the vascular PpIX concentration and the vascular damage were highest for HAL, then ALA and then MAL. Vascular damage in MAL was not different from normal contralateral control skin. This pattern is consistent with literature data on vasoconstriction after PDT, and with the hypothesis that the vasculature plays a role in light fractionation that increases efficacy for HAL and ALA-PDT but not for MAL. These findings indicate that endothelial cells of superficial blood vessels synthesize biologically relevant PpIX concentrations, leading to vascular damage. Such vascular effects are expected to influence the oxygenation of tissue after PDT which can be important for treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Middelburg
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Garcia-Zuazaga J, Cooper KD, Baron ED. Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: current concepts in the treatment of skin cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 5:791-800. [PMID: 16221049 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.5.5.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a treatment modality that is developing rapidly and increasing in utilization within various medical specialties, including dermatology. This technique requires the presence of a photosensitizer, light energy and molecular oxygen to selectively destroy pathologic cells. A thorough understanding of photobiology and tissue optics is necessary to correctly and effectively utilize photodynamic therapy in dermatology. Photodynamic therapy has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat actinic keratoses. In Europe, photodynamic therapy is currently being used in the treatment of actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinoma. Other off-label uses of photodynamic therapy have included cutaneous lesions of Bowen's disease, psoriasis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and acne. Most recently, photodynamic therapy has been employed in photorejuvenation. The advantages of photodynamic therapy include the capacity for noninvasive targeted therapy via topical application of the drug and local irradiation of involved areas, as well as the ability to generate excellent cosmetic results with minimal discomfort. This review summarizes the fundamentals of photodynamic therapy and its role in the treatment of cutaneous disorders, particularly skin malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Garcia-Zuazaga
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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The effect of light fractionation with a 2-h dark interval on the efficacy of topical hexyl-aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy in normal mouse skin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:703-9. [PMID: 24284130 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light fractionation with a 2-h dark interval increases the efficacy of topical aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT). Hexyl-aminolevulinate (HAL) is the hexyl ester of ALA. Both HAL and ALA lead to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation in endothelial cells and to vascular effects, which are important for light fractionation. We investigated light fractionation for HAL-PDT in a mouse skin model and compared this with ALA. METHODS Three illumination schemes were studied: (a) 100 J cm(-2) in a single illumination; (b) 50+50 J cm(-2) in a twofold illumination; (c) a small first light fraction until 50% of PpIX was photobleached (ca. 3 J cm(-2)), followed by 97 J cm(-2) 2h later. PpIX fluorescence was measured continuously during illumination. Efficacy was evaluated by daily visual skin damage scoring up to 7 days after PDT. RESULTS Light fractionation showed a trend towards increased efficacy for HAL-PDT. Both the initial PpIX synthesis and the PpIX resynthesis during the dark interval were higher for ALA, but these were not correlated with efficacy. Single HAL-PDT was more effective than single ALA-PDT. Photobleaching rates of HAL and ALA were similar indicating similar biodistributions at depth. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence to support that light fractionation may be beneficial for HAL-PDT. We are cautious because we found only a non-significant increase in response. However, combining our results with literature data suggest that the illumination scheme may be further optimized for HAL-PDT to potentially enhance the effect of light fractionation.
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Barge J, Glanzmann T, Zellweger M, Salomon D, van den Bergh H, Wagnières G. Correlations between photoactivable porphyrins' fluorescence, erythema and the pain induced by PDT on normal skin using ALA-derivatives. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:683-93. [PMID: 24284128 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with precursors of photoactivable porphyrins is a well-established treatment modality for skin pathologies as well as hair removal. Pain is a major side effect thereof, and it affects the treatment compliance and acceptance. METHODS Five male subjects underwent a PDT procedure on normal skin, either with a diode laser (635 nm) or a lamp (405 nm), 3 or 6h after application of various precursors of photoactivable porphyrins (ALA 1M; Metvix(®) 1M; ALA-DGME 1M; ALA-DGME 3.66 M). Light doses ranged from 30 to 150 J/cm(2) and irradiances were 100 or 180 mW/cm(2). Fluorescence measurements were performed just before PDT, pain was quantified during PDT, and erythema was determined 24h afterwards. RESULTS Because precursor ALA-DGME was very selective for the pilosebaceous apparatus vs. the epidermis, we solely carried out the PDTs using this precursor. In the absence of light, no pain was reported. An increase in pain was observed when increasing the irradiance. A correlation was observed between the follicular fluorescence and the maximal pain score during PDT. A correlation was observed between follicular fluorescence and skin erythema, and between pain score and skin erythema. CONCLUSIONS With our well-controlled PDT parameters and homogenous subjects' conditions, we showed that pain could be reduced by reducing irradiance during PDT procedures. With the various correlations observed, we conclude that both pain and PaP fluorescence are useful tools to predict the post-PDT tissue effects (side effects and outcome). We suggest that A∂ nerve fibres would be the best candidate as first generators of PDT-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Barge
- Photoderma SA, Ch. du Raffort 6, 1055 Froideville, Switzerland.
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Shi L, Wang X, Zhao F, Luan H, Tu Q, Huang Z, Wang H, Wang H. In vitro evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2669-76. [PMID: 23926429 PMCID: PMC3728265 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s45821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a prodrug for topical photodynamic therapy. The effectiveness of topical ALA can be limited by its bioavailability. The aim of this study was to develop a novel ALA delivery approach using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). Methods A modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to prepare ALA loaded PLGA NPs (ALA PLGA NPs). The characteristics, uptake, protoporphyrin IX fluorescence kinetics, and cytotoxicity of ALA PLGA NPs toward a human skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line were examined. Results The mean particle size of spherical ALA PLGA NPs was 65.6 nm ± 26 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.62. The encapsulation efficiency was 65.8% ± 7.2% and ALA loading capacity was 0.62% ± 0.27%. When ALA was dispersed in PLGA NPs, it turned into an amorphous phase. ALA PLGA NPs could be taken up by squamous cell carcinoma cells and localized in the cytoplasm. The protoporphyrin IX fluorescence kinetics and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that ALA PLGA NPs were more effective than free ALA of the same concentration. Conclusion PLGA NPs provide a promising ALA delivery strategy for topical ALA-photodynamic therapy of skin squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Middelburg TA, de Bruijn HS, Tettero L, van der Ploeg van den Heuvel A, Neumann HAM, de Haas ERM, Robinson DJ. Topical hexylaminolevulinate and aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy: complete arteriole vasoconstriction occurs frequently and depends on protoporphyrin IX concentration in vessel wall. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 126:26-32. [PMID: 23892187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT) may influence the availability of oxygen during PDT and the extent of tumor destruction after PDT. However, for topical PDT vascular effects are largely unknown. Arteriole and venule diameters were measured before and after hexylaminolevulinate (HAL) and aminolevulinic acid (ALA) PDT and related to the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) concentration in the vessel wall. A mouse skin fold chamber model and an intravital confocal microscope allowed direct imaging of the subcutaneous vessels underlying the treated area. In both HAL and ALA groups over 60% of arterioles constricted completely, while venules generally did not respond, except for two larger veins that constricted partially. Arteriole vasoconstriction strongly correlated with PpIX fluorescence intensity in the arteriole wall. Total PpIX fluorescence intensity was significantly higher for HAL than ALA for the whole area that was imaged but not for the arteriole walls. In conclusion, complete arteriole vasoconstriction occurs frequently in both HAL and ALA based topical PDT, especially when relatively high PpIX concentrations in arteriole walls are reached. Vasoconstriction will likely influence PDT effect and should be considered in studies on topical HAL and ALA-PDT. Also, our results may redefine the vasculature as a potential secondary target for topical PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Middelburg
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Baglo Y, Gabrielsen M, Sylte I, Gederaas OA. Homology modeling of human γ-butyric acid transporters and the binding of pro-drugs 5-aminolevulinic acid and methyl aminolevulinic acid used in photodynamic therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65200. [PMID: 23762315 PMCID: PMC3676387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a safe and effective method currently used in the treatment of skin cancer. In ALA-based PDT, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), or ALA esters, are used as pro-drugs to induce the formation of the potent photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Activation of PpIX by light causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and toxic responses. Studies have indicated that ALA and its methyl ester (MAL) are taken up into the cells via γ-butyric acid (GABA) transporters (GATs). Uptake via GATs into peripheral sensory nerve endings may also account for one of the few adverse side effects of ALA-based PDT, namely pain. In the present study, homology models of the four human GAT subtypes were constructed using three x-ray crystal structures of the homologous leucine transporter (LeuT) as templates. Binding of the native substrate GABA and the possible substrates ALA and MAL was investigated by molecular docking of the ligands into the central putative substrate binding sites in the outward-occluded GAT models. Electrostatic potentials (ESPs) of the putative substrate translocation pathway of each subtype were calculated using the outward-open and inward-open homology models. Our results suggested that ALA is a substrate of all four GATs and that MAL is a substrate of GAT-2, GAT-3 and BGT-1. The ESP calculations indicated that differences likely exist in the entry pathway of the transporters (i.e. in outward-open conformations). Such differences may be exploited for development of inhibitors that selectively target specific GAT subtypes and the homology models may hence provide tools for design of therapeutic inhibitors that can be used to reduce ALA-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Baglo
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Kobuchi H, Moriya K, Ogino T, Fujita H, Inoue K, Shuin T, Yasuda T, Utsumi K, Utsumi T. Mitochondrial localization of ABC transporter ABCG2 and its function in 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated protoporphyrin IX accumulation. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189181 PMCID: PMC3506543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in malignant cells is the basis of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy. We studied the expression of proteins that possibly affect ALA-mediated PpIX accumulation, namely oligopeptide transporter-1 and -2, ferrochelatase and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), in several tumor cell lines. Among these proteins, only ABCG2 correlated negatively with ALA-mediated PpIX accumulation. Both a subcellular fractionation study and confocal laser microscopic analysis revealed that ABCG2 was distributed not only in the plasma membrane but also intracellular organelles, including mitochondria. In addition, mitochondrial ABCG2 regulated the content of ALA-mediated PpIX in mitochondria, and Ko143, a specific inhibitor of ABCG2, enhanced mitochondrial PpIX accumulation. To clarify the possible roles of mitochondrial ABCG2, we characterized stably transfected-HEK (ST-HEK) cells overexpressing ABCG2. In these ST-HEK cells, functionally active ABCG2 was detected in mitochondria, and treatment with Ko143 increased ALA-mediated mitochondrial PpIX accumulation. Moreover, the mitochondria isolated from ST-HEK cells exported doxorubicin probably through ABCG2, because the export of doxorubicin was inhibited by Ko143. The susceptibility of ABCG2 distributed in mitochondria to proteinase K, endoglycosidase H and peptide-N-glycosidase F suggested that ABCG2 in mitochondrial fraction is modified by N-glycans and trafficked through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and finally localizes within the mitochondria. Thus, it was found that ABCG2 distributed in mitochondria is a functional transporter and that the mitochondrial ABCG2 regulates ALA-mediated PpIX level through PpIX export from mitochondria to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Kobuchi
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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Differential cytotoxic response in keloid fibroblasts exposed to photodynamic therapy is dependent on photosensitiser precursor, fluence and location of fibroblasts within the lesion. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:549-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schulten R, Novak B, Schmitz B, Lübbert H. Comparison of the uptake of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester in keratinocytes and skin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:969-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Inada NM, Costa MMD, Guimarães OCC, Ribeiro EDS, Kurachi C, Quintana SM, Lombardi W, Bagnato VS. Photodiagnosis and treatment of condyloma acuminatum using 5-aminolevulinic acid and homemade devices. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011; 9:60-8. [PMID: 22369730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to improve the feasibility of applying topic 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in photodiagnosis (PD) and treatment of condyloma caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) using two homemade handheld devices and to discuss the photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a suitable alternative for each of the cases studied. Both, protoporphyrin IX production and photodegradation were analyzed, and the pain experienced during the illumination was correlated with the light intensities. METHODS A total of 40 women with different grades of lesions caused by HPV were chosen from patients of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (University of Sao Paulo) and of the Unit of Public Health of Araraquara, Sao Paulo. RESULTS We did not encounter any unexpected difficulties using our devices during the treatment. The existence of an easily observable reddish fluorescence with large intensity concentrated on the lesions is the clinical indication of the penetration and the selective concentration of protoporphyrin IX in the clinical and subclinical lesions rather than in the healthy tissue. The aesthetic results were much better than those obtained by conventional techniques as surgery or cryogenics, with no recurrence reported after two years of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results are proof for the various advantages using ALA cream for the PD and PDT in many different cases of condyloma by HPV. This study will be continued to investigate the PpIX photobleaching and the irradiance and fluence rate to optimize conducting the clinical trials, to improve the devices and therefore increase the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mayumi Inada
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC/USP), Laboratório de Biofotônica, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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δ-Aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester induce the formation of Protoporphyrin IX in cultured sensory neurones. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 384:583-602. [PMID: 21947250 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Application of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or its methyl ester (MAL) onto cutaneous tumours increases intracellular Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), serving as photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). While PDT is highly effective as treatment of neoplastic skin lesions, it may induce severe pain in some patients. Here, we investigated ALA and MAL uptake and PpIX formation in sensory neurones as potential contributor to the pain. PpIX formation was induced in cultured sensory neurones from rat dorsal root ganglion by incubation with ALA or MAL. Using inhibitors of GABA transporters (GAT), a pharmacological profile of ALA and MAL uptake was assessed. GAT mRNA expression in the cultures was determined by RT-PCR. Cultured sensory neurones synthesised Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) from extracellularly administered ALA and MAL. PpIX formation was dose- and time-dependent with considerably different kinetics for both compounds. While partial inhibition occurred using L-arginine, PpIX formation from both ALA and MAL could be fully blocked by the GABA-Transporter (GAT)-2/3 inhibitor (S)-SNAP 5114 with similar K (i) (ALA: 195 ± 6 μM; MAL: 129 ± 13 μM). GAT-1 and GAT-3 could be detected in sensory neurons using RT-PCR on mRNA level and using [³H]-GABA uptake on protein level. Cultured sensory neurones take up ALA and MAL and synthesize PpIX from both, enabling a direct impact of photodynamic therapy on cutaneous free nerve endings. The pharmacological profile of ALA and MAL uptake in our test system was very similar and suggests uptake via GABA and amino acid transporters.
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Gholam P, Weberschock T, Denk K, Enk A. Treatment with 5-aminolaevulinic acid methylester is less painful than treatment with 5-aminolaevulinic acid nanoemulsion in topical photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis. Dermatology 2011; 222:358-62. [PMID: 21757880 DOI: 10.1159/000329025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an excellent treatment option for actinic keratosis (AK). Pain is one of the major adverse effects. OBJECTIVE To compare the pain intensity during the extensive treatment of cosmetic units using 5-aminolaevulinic acid methylester (MAL) or 5-aminolaevulinic acid nanoemulsion (BF-200-ALA). METHODS 173 patients with 965 treated areas were enrolled in this retrospective monocentric study. All patients had multiple AKs and received an extensive treatment of the photodamaged area. 424 areas were treated with MAL and 541 with BF-200-ALA. Pain was rated using a standardized visual analogue scale (VAS). The number of PDT treatment interruptions was documented. RESULTS PDT with MAL led to a lower mean VAS score (5.0 vs. 5.8), a lower number of treatment interruptions (13.2 vs. 19.9%) and a lower amount of patients experiencing severe pain (25.0 vs. 36.0%) compared to PDT with BF-200-ALA. CONCLUSION Our data shows that PDT using MAL is less painful than PDT using BF-200-ALA resulting in a significantly lower mean VAS score (p < 0.001), significantly fewer patients experiencing severe pain (p < 0.001) and a significantly (p < 0.05) lower number of treatment interruptions. Differences in selectivity for tumour cells and transport of ALA in peripheral neurons may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gholam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ibbotson SH. Adverse effects of topical photodynamic therapy. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2011; 27:116-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2010.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baglo Y, Sousa MML, Slupphaug G, Hagen L, Håvåg S, Helander L, Zub KA, Krokan HE, Gederaas OA. Photodynamic therapy with hexyl aminolevulinate induces carbonylation, posttranslational modifications and changed expression of proteins in cell survival and cell death pathways. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1137-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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García-Morales I, Harto A, Fernández-Guarino M, Jaén P. Estudio del empleo de láser de colorante pulsado y metilaminolevulinato en la terapia fotodinámica del acné. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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