1
|
Dollet PE, Hsu MJ, Ambroise J, Rozzi M, Ravau J, André F, Evraerts J, Najimi M, Sokal E, Lombard C. Evaluation of Strategies Aimed at Improving Liver Progenitor Cell Rolling and Subsequent Adhesion to the Endothelium. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720912707. [PMID: 32425073 PMCID: PMC7444224 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720912707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs) are a promising
alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation in the treatment of inborn
errors of metabolism. However, as is the case with many mesenchymal stromal
cells, ADHLSCs have shown a low level of engraftment, which could be explained
by the fact that they lack expression of selectin ligand and LFA-1 and only
slightly express VLA- 4, molecules that have been shown to be involved in cell
adhesion to the endothelium. In this paper, we have investigated strategies to
increase their rolling and adhesion during the homing process by (1) adding a
selectin ligand (Sialyl Lewis X) to their surface using
biotinyl-N-hydroxy-succinimide–streptavidin bridges, and
(2) protecting the adhesion proteins from trypsinization-induced damage using a
thermosensitive polymer for cell culture and a nonenzymatic cell dissociation
solution (CDS) for harvest. Despite increasing adhesion of ADHLSCs to E-selectin
during an adhesion test in vitro performed under shear stress,
the addition of Sialyl Lewis X did not increase adhesion to endothelial cells
under the same conditions. Cultivating cells on a thermosensitive polymer and
harvesting them with CDS increased their adhesion to endothelial cells under
noninflammatory conditions, compared to the use of trypsin. However, we were not
able to demonstrate any improvement in cell adhesion to the endothelium
following culture on polymer and harvest with CDS, suggesting that alternative
methods of improving engraftment still need to be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Edouard Dollet
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mei Ju Hsu
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées (CTMA), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Milena Rozzi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Joachim Ravau
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Floriane André
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Evraerts
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Catherine Lombard
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Černochová P, Blahová L, Medalová J, Nečas D, Michlíček M, Kaushik P, Přibyl J, Bartošíková J, Manakhov A, Bačáková L, Zajíčková L. Cell type specific adhesion to surfaces functionalised by amine plasma polymers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9357. [PMID: 32518261 PMCID: PMC7283471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previously-obtained impressive results of highly increased C2C12 mouse myoblast adhesion to amine plasma polymers (PPs) motivated current detailed studies of cell resistance to trypsinization, cell proliferation, motility, and the rate of attachment carried out for fibroblasts (LF), keratinocytes (HaCaT), rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and endothelial cells (HUVEC, HSVEC, and CPAE) on three different amine PPs. We demonstrated the striking difference in the resistance to trypsin treatment between endothelial and non-endothelial cells. The increased resistance observed for the non-endothelial cell types was accompanied by an increased rate of cellular attachment, even though spontaneous migration was comparable to the control, i.e., to the standard cultivation surface. As demonstrated on LF fibroblasts, the resistance to trypsin was similar in serum-supplemented and serum-free media, i.e., medium without cell adhesion-mediating proteins. The increased cell adhesion was also confirmed for LF cells by an independent technique, single-cell force spectroscopy. This method, as well as the cell attachment rate, proved the difference among the plasma polymers with different amounts of amine groups, but other investigated techniques could not reveal the differences in the cell behaviour on different amine PPs. Based on all the results, the increased resistance to trypsinization of C2C12, LF, HaCaT, and VSMC cells on amine PPs can be explained most probably by a non-specific cell adhesion such as electrostatic interaction between the cells and amine groups on the material surface, rather than by the receptor-mediated adhesion through serum-derived proteins adsorbed on the PPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Černochová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,RG Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - L Blahová
- RG Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Medalová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,RG Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - D Nečas
- RG Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - M Michlíček
- RG Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - P Kaushik
- RG Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - J Přibyl
- Core Facility Nanobiotechnology, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Bartošíková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - A Manakhov
- RG Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology- Branch of the ICG SB RAS, 2 Timakova str., 630060, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - L Bačáková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - L Zajíčková
- RG Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic. .,Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic. .,Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Castano AP, Demidova TN, Hamblin MR. Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part two-cellular signaling, cell metabolism and modes of cell death. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 2:1-23. [PMID: 25048553 DOI: 10.1016/s1572-1000(05)00030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been known for over a hundred years, but is only now becoming widely used. Originally developed as a tumor therapy, some of its most successful applications are for non-malignant disease. In the second of a series of three reviews, we will discuss the mechanisms that operate in PDT on a cellular level. In Part I [Castano AP, Demidova TN, Hamblin MR. Mechanism in photodynamic therapy: part one-photosensitizers, photochemistry and cellular localization. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther 2004;1:279-93] it was shown that one of the most important factors governing the outcome of PDT, is how the photosensitizer (PS) interacts with cells in the target tissue or tumor, and the key aspect of this interaction is the subcellular localization of the PS. PS can localize in mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membranes. An explosion of investigation and explorations in the field of cell biology have elucidated many of the pathways that mammalian cells undergo when PS are delivered in tissue culture and subsequently illuminated. There is an acute stress response leading to changes in calcium and lipid metabolism and production of cytokines and stress proteins. Enzymes particularly, protein kinases, are activated and transcription factors are expressed. Many of the cellular responses are centered on mitochondria. These effects frequently lead to induction of apoptosis either by the mitochondrial pathway involving caspases and release of cytochrome c, or by pathways involving ceramide or death receptors. However, under certain circumstances cells subjected to PDT die by necrosis. Although there have been many reports of DNA damage caused by PDT, this is not thought to be an important cell-death pathway. This mechanistic research is expected to lead to optimization of PDT as a tumor treatment, and to rational selection of combination therapies that include PDT as a component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Castano
- BAR314B, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Bartlett 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Tatiana N Demidova
- BAR314B, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Bartlett 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- BAR314B, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Bartlett 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zinc-pheophorbide a—Highly efficient low-cost photosensitizer against human adenocarcinoma in cellular and animal models. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:266-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Ruiz-González R, Acedo P, Sánchez-García D, Nonell S, Cañete M, Stockert JC, Villanueva A. Efficient induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by a novel cationic porphycene photosensitizer. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:401-14. [PMID: 23517729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we analyze the photobiological properties of 2,7,12-tris(α-pyridinio-p-tolyl)-17-(p-(methoxymethyl)phenyl) porphycene (Py3MeO-TBPo) in Hela cells, in order to assess its potential as a new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cultured tumor cells. Using 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo, flow cytometry studies demonstrated an increase of intracellular drug levels related to the incubation time, reaching a maximum at 18 h. LysoTracker(®) Green (LTG) and MitoTracker(®) Green (MTG) probes were used to identify the subcellular localization. Upon exposure to ultraviolet excitation, red porphycene fluorescence was detected as red granules in the cytoplasm that colocalized with LTG. No significant toxic effects were detected for Py3MeO-TBPo in the dark at concentrations below 1 μM. In contrast, Py3MeO-TBPo combined with red-light irradiation induced concentration- and fluence-dependent HeLa cells inactivation. Besides, all photodynamic protocols assayed induced a clear effect of cell detachment inhibition after trypsin treatment. Both apoptotic and necrotic cell death mechanisms can occur in HeLa cells depending on the experimental protocol. After 18 h incubation with 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and subsequent red light irradiation (3.6 J/cm(2)), a high number of cells die by apoptosis, as evaluated by morphological alterations, immunofluorescent relocalization of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, and TUNEL assay. Likewise, immunofluorescence techniques showed that cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into cytosol in cells undergoing apoptosis, which occurs immediately after relocation of Bax in mitochondria. The highest amount of apoptosis appeared 24 h after treatment (70%) and this cell death occurred without cell detachment to the substrate. In contrast, with 0.75 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and 3.6 J/cm(2) irradiation, morphological changes showed a preferential necrotic cell death. Singlet oxygen was identified as the cytotoxic agent involved in cell photoinactivation. Moreover, cell cultures pre-exposed to the singlet oxygen scavenger sodium azide showed pronounced protection against the loss of viability induced by Py3MeO-TBPo and light. Different changes in distribution and organization of cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and actin microfilaments) as well as the protein vinculin, after apoptotic and necrotic photodynamic treatments have been analyzed. Neither of these two cell death mechanisms (apoptosis or necrosis) induced cell detachment. In summary, Py3MeO-TBPo appears to meet the requirements for further scrutiny as a very good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy: it is water soluble, has a high absorption in the red spectral region (where light penetration in tissue is higher), and is able to induce effective high apoptotic rate (70%) related to the more widely studied photosensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Ruiz-González
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deng H, Liu X, Xie J, Yin R, Huang N, Gu Y, Zhao J. Quantitative and Site-Directed Chemical Modification of Hypocrellins toward Direct Drug Delivery and Effective Photodynamic Activity. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1910-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2017368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Naiyan Huang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Senge MO, Brandt JC. Temoporfin (Foscan®, 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin)--a second-generation photosensitizer. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1240-96. [PMID: 21848905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review traces the development and study of the second-generation photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin through to its acceptance and clinical use in modern photodynamic (cancer) therapy. The literature has been covered up to early 2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lim YC, Yoo JO, Kang SS, Kim YM, Ha KS. Cellular responses to chlorin-based photosensitizer DH-II-24 under darkness in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:549-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
9
|
Ekroll IK, Gederaas OA, Helander L, Hjelde A, Melø TB, Johnsson A. Photo induced hexylaminolevulinate destruction of rat bladder cells AY-27. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1072-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
10
|
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the irradiation of photosensitized cells with light. Depending on localization of the photosensitizing agent, the process can induce photodamage to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, plasma membrane, and/or lysosomes. When ER or mitochondria are targeted, antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family are especially sensitive to photodamage. Both apoptosis and autophagy can occur after PDT, autophagy being associated with enhanced survival at low levels of photodamage to some cells. Autophagy can become a cell-death pathway if apoptosis is inhibited or when cells attempt to recycle damaged constituents beyond their capacity for recovery. While techniques associated with characterization of autophagy are generally applicable, PDT introduces additional factors related to unknown sites of photodamage that may alter autophagic pathways. This chapter discusses issues that may arise in assessing autophagy after cellular photodamage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Intracellular free calcium mediates glioma cell detachment and cytotoxicity after photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 24:777-86. [PMID: 19198972 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Photofrin photodynamic therapy (PDT) caused a dose-dependent decrease of enzymatic cell detachment by trypsin/ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in human glioma U251n and U87 cells. This happened coincidently with the increase of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)). Thapsigargin, which increased [Ca(2+)](i), induced further decrease in enzymatic cell detachment and increased cytotoxicity. Opposite effects were observed when 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid tetrakis, an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, was used. PDT-induced changes in [Ca(2+)](i) and cell detachment were not blocked by calcium channel antagonists nickel (Ni(2+)) or nimodipine, nor were they altered when cells were irradiated in a buffer free from Ca(2+) and magnesium (Mg(2+)), suggesting that [Ca(2+)](i) is derived from the internal calcium stores. Decreased cell migration was observed after PDT, as assessed by chemotactic and wound-healing assays. Our findings indicated that internal calcium store-derived [Ca(2+)](i) plays an important role in PDT-induced enzymatic cell detachment decrease and cytotoxicity. Cell migration may be affected by these changes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Casas A, Di Venosa G, Vanzulli S, Perotti C, Mamome L, Rodriguez L, Simian M, Juarranz A, Pontiggia O, Hasan T, Batlle A. Decreased metastatic phenotype in cells resistant to aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy. Cancer Lett 2008; 271:342-51. [PMID: 18662847 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel cancer treatment utilising a photosensitiser, visible light and oxygen. PDT often leaves a significant number of surviving tumour cells. In a previous work, we isolated and studied two PDT resistant clones derived from the mammary adenocarcinoma LM3 line (Int. J. Oncol. 29 (2006) 397-405). The isolated Clon 4 and Clon 8 exhibited a more fibroblastic, dendritic pattern and were larger than the parentals. In the present work we studied the metastatic potential of the two clones in comparison with LM3. We found that 100% of LM3 invaded Matrigel, whereas only 19+/-6% and 24+/-7% of Clon 4 and Clon 8 cells invaded. In addition, 100% of LM3 cells migrated towards a chemotactic stimulus whereas 38+/-8% and 73+/-10% of Clones 4 and 8, respectively, were able to migrate. In vivo, 100% of the LM3 injected mice developed spontaneous lung metastasis, whereas none of the Clon 8 did, and only one of the mice injected with Clon 4 did. No differences were found in the proteolytic enzyme profiles among the cells. Anchorage-dependent adhesion was also impaired in vivo in the resistant clones, evidenced by the lower tumour take, latency time and growth rates, although both clones showed in vitro higher binding to collagen I without overexpression of beta1 integrin. This is the first work where the metastatic potential of cells surviving to PDT has been studied. PDT strongly affects the invasive phenotype of these cells, probably related to a higher binding to collagen. These findings may be crucial for the outcome of ALA-PDT of metastatic tumours, although further studies are needed to extrapolate the results to the clinic employing another photosensitisers and cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias, CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, 1056 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, CP 1120AAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pazos MDC, Nader HB. Effect of photodynamic therapy on the extracellular matrix and associated components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 40:1025-35. [PMID: 17665038 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In many countries, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognized as a standard treatment for malignant conditions (for example, esophageal and lung cancers) and non-malignant ones such as age-related macular degeneration and actinic keratoses. The administration of a non-toxic photosensitizer, its selective retention in highly proliferating cells and the later activation of this molecule by light to form reactive oxygen species that cause cell death is the principle of PDT. Three important mechanisms are responsible for the PDT effectiveness: a) direct tumor cell kill; b) damage of the tumor vasculature; c) post-treatment immunological response associated with the leukocyte stimulation and release of many inflammatory mediators like cytokines, growth factors, components of the complement system, acute phase proteins, and other immunoregulators. Due to the potential applications of this therapy, many studies have been reported regarding the effect of the treatment on cell survival/death, cell proliferation, matrix assembly, proteases and inhibitors, among others. Studies have demonstrated that PDT alters the extracellular matrix profoundly. For example, PDT induces collagen matrix changes, including cross-linking. The extracellular matrix is vital for tissue organization in multicellular organisms. In cooperation with growth factors and cytokines, it provides cells with key signals in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, for example, adhesion/migration and cell proliferation/differentiation/death. Thus, the focus of the present paper is related to the effects of PDT observed on the extracellular matrix and on the molecules associated with it, such as, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, growth factors, and immunological mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M d C Pazos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
The history of PDT in Norway. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2007; 4:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
Oberdanner CB, Kiesslich T, Krammer B, Plaetzer K. Glucose is Required to Maintain High ATP-levels for the Energy-utilizing Steps During PDT-induced Apoptosis¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760695girtmh2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Tsai JC, Wu CL, Chien HF, Chen CT. Reorganization of cytoskeleton induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy and its correlation with mitochondrial dysfunction. Lasers Surg Med 2006; 36:398-408. [PMID: 15856508 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study investigated the early cellular events which occurred after mitochondrial photodamage induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcellular localization of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in NIH3T3 cells was studied by confocal microscopy. Mitochondrial damage was assessed by measuring mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP contents, and confirmed by characteristic appearance on transmission electron microscopy. Cellular adhesion was measured by the level of resistance to trypsinization. Cytoskeletal studies were performed by fluorescent staining of cytoskeletal components. RESULTS Following ALA-PDT, mitochondrial damage was found in NIH3T3 cells as judged by the decrease of membrane potential and ATP contents. Mitochondrial photodamage was further confirmed by electron microscopy. Resistance to trypsinization after ALA-PDT was shown to be light dose-dependent. The increase of cellular adhesion after ALA-PDT was correlated with mitochondrial photodamage and reorganization of cytoskeletal components in NIH3T3 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by ALA-PDT results in alterations of cellular morphology and cellular adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chang Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Uzdensky A, Kolpakova E, Juzeniene A, Juzenas P, Moan J. The effect of sub-lethal ALA-PDT on the cytoskeleton and adhesion of cultured human cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1722:43-50. [PMID: 15716135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor of the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX, is used in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Sub-lethal ALA-PDT (1-min irradiation with 370-450 nm blue light, 0.6 mW/cm(2) after 2-h incubation with 1 mM ALA) has been earlier shown to change cell morphology and to inhibit both trypsin-induced detachment of cultured cancer cells from the plastic substrata and cell attachment to the bottom of the plastic well plates. In the present study, we found that such treatment of human adenocarcinoma WiDr cells grown in dense colonies stimulated the formation of actin cortex between cells in the colonies and increased the number of actin stress fibres in some, but not in all, cells. However, ALA-PDT did not change the microtubular cytoskeleton in these cells. A similar treatment of glioblastoma D54Mg cells, which grow separately and communicate by protrusions, caused loss of fibrillar actin structures in growth cones, retraction of protrusions, and surface blebbing in some cells. The application of the cytoskeleton inhibitors cytochalasin D, colchicine or taxol showed that the inhibition of trypsin-induced detachment of photosensitized WiDr cells was related to ALA-PDT-induced changes in actin and microtubular cytoskeleton. Some signal transduction processes are suggested to be involved in ALA-PDT-induced changes in cytoskeleton, cell shape, and adhesion.
Collapse
|
18
|
Oberdanner CB, Kiesslich T, Krammer B, Plaetzer K. Glucose is required to maintain high ATP-levels for the energy-utilizing steps during PDT-induced apoptosis. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:695-703. [PMID: 12511053 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0695:girtmh>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may trigger apoptosis or necrosis in cancer cells. Several steps in the induction and execution of apoptosis require high amounts of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP). Because the mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi) decreases early in apoptosis, we raised the question about the mechanisms of maintaining a sufficiently high ATP level. We therefore monitored delta psi and the intracellular ATP level of apoptotic human epidermoid carcinoma cells (A431) after photodynamic treatment with aluminum (III) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate. A maximum of caspase-3-like activity and nuclear fragmentation was found at fluences of about 4 J cm(-2). Under these conditions apoptotic cells reduced delta psi rapidly, while the ATP level remained high for 4-6 h after treatment for cells supplied with glucose. To analyze the contribution of glycolysis to the energy supply during apoptosis, experiments were carried out with cells deprived of glucose. These cells showed a rapid drop of ATP content and neither caspase activation nor nuclear fragmentation could be detected. We conclude that the use of glucose as a source of ATP is obligatory for the execution of PDT-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Balklava Z, Verderio E, Collighan R, Gross S, Adams J, Griffin M. Analysis of tissue transglutaminase function in the migration of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: the active-state conformation of the enzyme does not affect cell motility but is important for its secretion. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:16567-75. [PMID: 11867617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109836200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that tissue transglutaminase (tTGase; type II) is externalized from cells, where it may play a key role in cell attachment and spreading and in the stabilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through protein cross-linking. However, the relationship between these different functions and the enzyme's mechanism of secretion is not fully understood. We have investigated the role of tTGase in cell migration using two stably transfected fibroblast cell lines in which expression of tTGase in its active and inactive (C277S mutant) states is inducible through the tetracycline-regulated system. Cells overexpressing both forms of tTGase showed increased cell attachment and decreased cell migration on fibronectin. Both forms of the enzyme could be detected on the cell surface, but only the clone overexpressing catalytically active tTGase deposited the enzyme into the ECM and cell growth medium. Cells overexpressing the inactive form of tTGase did not deposit the enzyme into the ECM or secrete it into the cell culture medium. Similar results were obtained when cells were transfected with tTGase mutated at Tyr(274) (Y274A), the proposed site for the cis,trans peptide bond, suggesting that tTGase activity and/or its tertiary conformation dependent on this bond may be essential for its externalization mechanism. These results indicate that tTGase regulates cell motility as a novel cell-surface adhesion protein rather than as a matrix-cross-linking enzyme. They also provide further important insights into the mechanism of externalization of the enzyme into the extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zita Balklava
- Department of Life Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Plaetzer K, Kiesslich T, Krammer B, Hammerl P. Characterization of the cell death modes and the associated changes in cellular energy supply in response to AlPcS4-PDT. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:172-7. [PMID: 12659513 DOI: 10.1039/b108816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can result in both types of cell death, apoptosis or necrosis. Several steps in the induction and execution of apoptosis depend on ATP and the intracellular ATP level has been shown to be one determinant in whether apoptosis or necrosis occurs. Therefore, photochemical damage of cellular targets involved in energy supply might play a crucial role in the mode of cell death being executed. The present study is aimed at the characterization of changes in cellular energy supply and the associated cell death modes in response to PDT. Using the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 and aluminium(III) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride (2.5 microM) as a photosensitizer, we studied the changes in mitochondrial function and intracellular ATP level after irradiation with different light doses. Employing assays for caspase-3 activation and nuclear fragmentation, 50% of the cells were found to undergo apoptosis after irradiation between 2.5 to 3.5 J cm(-2) while the remainder died by necrosis. At higher light doses (> 6 J cm(-2)), neither caspase-3 activation nor nuclear fragmentation was observed and this suggests that these cells died exclusively by necrosis. Necrotic cell death was also associated with a rapid decline in mitochondrial activity and intracellular ATP. By contrast, with apoptosis the loss of mitochondrial function was delayed and the ATP level was maintained at near control levels for up to eight hours which was far beyond the onset of morphological changes. These data suggest that, depending on the light dose applied, both, necrosis as well as apoptosis can be induced with AlPcS4 mediated PDT and that photodamage in energy supplying cellular targets may influence the mode of cell death. Further, it is speculated that cells undergoing apoptosis in response to PDT might maintain a high ATP level long enough to complete the apoptotic program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Plaetzer
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|