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Turkin A, Malý P, Lambert C. Fluorescence band exchange narrowing in a series of squaraine oligomers: energetic vs. structural disorder. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18393-18403. [PMID: 34612380 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The influence of oligosquaraine chain length on the energies and shape of absorption and emission bands and the exciton coherence length is studied in CHCl3 where the oligomers adopt a random coil structure. From the observed fluorescence band narrowing an effective coherence length of Ncoh = 2.5 was estimated for the nonamer. Applying a theoretical Frenkel exciton model the absorption and emission spectra were simulated which confirmed the experimental results. From the relative amplitude of the 00 peak to the vibronic shoulder the coherence length was estimated which yields a somewhat higher saturation value of Ncoh≈ 3 for the nonamer, which is in very good agreement with the theoretical amplitude ratio. The coherence length is much smaller than the geometrical length because the electronic delocalisation is reduced by structural disorder. Taking into account the energetic (diagonal) and structural (off-diagonal) disorder we observed a different influence on the absorption and fluorescence spectra. For the emission spectra, exciton delocalisation leads to a narrowing of the band caused by averaging over energetic disorder, but for the absorption band the spectra are broadened by excitonic splitting and structural disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Turkin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Turkin A, Holzapfel M, Agarwal M, Fischermeier D, Mitric R, Schweins R, Gröhn F, Lambert C. Solvent Induced Helix Folding of Defined Indolenine Squaraine Oligomers. Chemistry 2021; 27:8380-8389. [PMID: 33871113 PMCID: PMC8251825 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A protecting group strategy was employed to synthesise a series of indolenine squaraine dye oligomers up to the nonamer. The longer oligomers show a distinct solvent dependence of the absorption spectra, that is, either a strong blue shift or a strong red shift of the lowest energy bands in the near infrared spectral region. This behaviour is explained by exciton coupling theory as being due to H- or J-type coupling of transition moments. The H-type coupling is a consequence of a helix folding in solvents with a small Hansen dispersity index. DOSY NMR, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), quantum chemical and force field calculations agree upon a helix structure with an unusually large pitch and open voids that are filled with solvent molecules, thereby forming a kind of clathrate. The thermodynamic parameters of the folding process were determined by temperature dependent optical absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Turkin
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
- Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin (ILL), DS / LSS71, Avenue des Martyrs - CS 2015638042Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - David Fischermeier
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin (ILL), DS / LSS71, Avenue des Martyrs - CS 2015638042Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - Franziska Gröhn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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3
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Farka Z, Mickert MJ, Pastucha M, Mikušová Z, Skládal P, Gorris HH. Advances in Optical Single-Molecule Detection: En Route to Supersensitive Bioaffinity Assays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10746-10773. [PMID: 31869502 PMCID: PMC7318240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect low concentrations of analytes and in particular low-abundance biomarkers is of fundamental importance, e.g., for early-stage disease diagnosis. The prospect of reaching the ultimate limit of detection has driven the development of single-molecule bioaffinity assays. While many review articles have highlighted the potentials of single-molecule technologies for analytical and diagnostic applications, these technologies are not as widespread in real-world applications as one should expect. This Review provides a theoretical background on single-molecule-or better digital-assays to critically assess their potential compared to traditional analog assays. Selected examples from the literature include bioaffinity assays for the detection of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses. The structure of the Review highlights the versatility of optical single-molecule labeling techniques, including enzymatic amplification, molecular labels, and innovative nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Farka
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Matthias J. Mickert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and BiosensorsUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Matěj Pastucha
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mikušová
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and BiosensorsUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193040RegensburgGermany
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4
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Liu X, Cho B, Chan LY, Kwan WL, Ken Lee CL. Development of asymmetrical near infrared squaraines with large Stokes shift. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18998e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New asymmetrical squaraines with large Stokes shifts of up to 90 nm were synthesized. TDDFT calculations indicate that steric effects from N,N-dibutylaniline and squaraine contribute to the large geometric change, resulting in the large Stokes shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liu
- Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences
- Department of Technology
- Innovation and Enterprise (TIE)
- Singapore Polytechnic
- Singapore
| | - Bokun Cho
- Energetics Research Institute (EnRI)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Li-Yan Chan
- Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences
- Department of Technology
- Innovation and Enterprise (TIE)
- Singapore Polytechnic
- Singapore
| | - Wei Lek Kwan
- Engineering Product Development
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore
| | - Chi-Lik Ken Lee
- Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences
- Department of Technology
- Innovation and Enterprise (TIE)
- Singapore Polytechnic
- Singapore
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5
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Markova LI, Malinovskii VL, Patsenker LD, Häner R. Synthesis and properties of squaraine-modified DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8944-7. [PMID: 23076304 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of squaraines into DNA via the phosphoramidite approach is described. High molar absorptivity, environment-sensitive fluorescence properties and intense CD effects render squaraines valuable building blocks for DNA-based optical probes and nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa I Markova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Patsenker LD, Tatarets AL, Povrozin YA, Terpetschnig EA. Long-wavelength fluorescence lifetime labels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-011-0025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Gorris HH, Saleh SM, Groegel DBM, Ernst S, Reiner K, Mustroph H, Wolfbeis OS. Long-wavelength absorbing and fluorescent chameleon labels for proteins, peptides, and amines. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1433-7. [PMID: 21671666 DOI: 10.1021/bc200192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-wavelength absorbing labels that change their color and fluorescence upon conjugation to proteins and other biomolecules provide two critical advantages over the wealth of conventional amine-reactive labels. At first, the progress of the labeling reaction can be monitored continuously either visually or by spectrometry without prior purification. Then, the labeled biomolecule can be investigated with red or near-infrared light, which minimizes background interference in biological samples. These unique characteristics are met by a group of long-wavelength absorbing cyanine dyes carrying a reactive chloro substituent for nucleophilic substitution with primary amines, which is accompanied by a color change from green to blue. In addition to this so-called chameleon effect, the dyes display an increase in fluorescence during the labeling reaction. Despite their structural similarity, the reactivity of the dyes differs strongly. The fastest labeling kinetics is observed with dye S 0378 as its five-membered ring affords a stabilizing effect on the intermediate carbocation during an S(N)1-type of nucleophilic substitution. The reaction mechanism of the amine-reactive cyanine dyes provides a blueprint for the design of future long-wavelength absorbing chameleon dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Gorris
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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8
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Patsenker LD, Tatarets AL, Klochko OP, Terpetschnig EA. Conjugates, Complexes, and Interlocked Systems Based on Squaraines and Cyanines. ADVANCED FLUORESCENCE REPORTERS IN CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY II 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04701-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Long-Wavelength Probes and Labels Based on Cyanines and Squaraines. SPRINGER SERIES ON FLUORESCENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04702-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Koyama J, Takeuchi A, Morita I, Nishino Y, Shimizu M, Inoue M, Kobayashi N. Characterization of emodin metabolites in Raji cells by LC–APCI-MS/MS. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7493-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Reddington MV. Synthesis and properties of phosphonic acid containing cyanine and squaraine dyes for use as fluorescent labels. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:2178-90. [PMID: 17927261 DOI: 10.1021/bc070090y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyanine and squaraine dyes that contain one or two phosphonate groups attached directly to the aromatic residues of the dyes were synthesized. Absorption and fluorescence properties of the dyes were determined. Succinimidyl active esters were prepared from the dyes and were used to label proteins and oligonucleotides. Some of the dyes permit the preparation of brighter conjugates than do commercially available analogues such as Cy3 and Cy5.
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12
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Paul UP, Li L, Lee ML, Farnsworth PB. Compact detector for proteins based on two-photon excitation of native fluorescence. Anal Chem 2007; 77:3690-3. [PMID: 15924406 DOI: 10.1021/ac048161z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A compact, inexpensive detector for proteins has been constructed based on two-photon excitation of fluorescence from phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. The fluorescence was excited by a solid-state microchip laser operating at 532 nm. Detection limits for phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were 62 microM, 2.0 microM, and 470 nM, respectively, in a volume of 3 fL. The detection limit for a test protein, bovine serum albumin, was 130 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna P Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Weh J, Duerkop A, Wolfbeis OS. A Resonance Energy Transfer Immunoassay Based on a Thiol-Reactive Ruthenium Donor Dye and a Longwave-Emitting Acceptor. Chembiochem 2007; 8:122-8. [PMID: 17173270 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel immunoassay is described that applies a thiol-reactive ruthenium metal-ligand complex as the donor dye in a luminescence energy transfer (LET) detection scheme. Unlike amine-reactive labels, the LET with a thiol label allows improved specificity and better reproducibility of labelling positions on proteins, because the number of reactive thiol groups of proteins is distinctly smaller. This helps to reduce the risk of over-labelling and self-quenching of the fluorophore. The synthesis of the thiol label was significantly improved, resulting in almost quantitative yields of pure product. The absorption and emission maxima of the ruthenium donor dye are at 460 nm and 600 nm, respectively, and a Stokes' shift of 140 nm warrants distinct separation of excitation and emission wavelengths even in turbid samples. A cyanine dye with an absorption maximum at 642 nm was chosen as the acceptor label because it has good overlap with the emission spectrum of the donor label. The emission of the acceptor peaks at 660 nm, thus further increasing the Stokes' shift (to an overall 200 nm). The quantification of anti-HSA with the LET immunoassay is possible with this new approach at concentrations as low as 220 pmol L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Weh
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Hong B, Kang KA. Biocompatible, nanogold-particle fluorescence enhancer for fluorophore mediated, optical immunosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:1333-8. [PMID: 15935635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores have been used as effective signal mediators for detecting biomarkers in biosamples. The enhancement of the fluorescence can, therefore, improve the sensitivity of fluorophore-mediated biosensors. A nanogold particle (NGP), when placed at an appropriate distance from a fluorophore, can effectively enhance the fluorescence by transferring the free electrons of the fluorophore, normally used for self-quenching, to the strong surface plasmon polariton field (SPPF) of the NGP. We found that some organic solvents can also enhance the fluorescence significantly. To maximize the fluorescence enhancement, novel, biocompatible nanogold particle reagents (NGPRs) were developed by combining NGPs and biocompatible solvents and tested. The level of enhancement by NGPRs was found to be additively contributed by two enhancers. These NGPRs were able to increase the signal of a fiber-optic biosensor as much as 10 times and accurately quantify some of the important cardiac markers at a tens of picomolar level. These novel enhancers are expected to be effective for fluorophore-mediated bioimaging as well as biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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15
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Craig DB, Wetzl BK, Duerkop A, Wolfbeis OS. Determination of picomolar concentrations of proteins using novel amino reactive chameleon labels and capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2208-13. [PMID: 15880625 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Py-1 and Py-6 are novel amino-reactive fluorescent reagents. The names given to them reflect that they consist of a pyrylium group attached to small aromatic moieties. Upon reaction with a primary amine there is a large spectral shift in the reagent, rendering them effectively fluorogenic. In this study, these reagents were used to label a test protein, (human serum albumin), and the sample was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection. Detection limits after a 60 min labeling reaction at 22 degrees C (Py-1) and 50 degrees C (Py-6) were 6.5 ng/mL (98 pM) for Py-1 and 1.2 ng/mL (18 pM) for Py-6. Separation of immunoglobulin G (IgG), human serum albumin, lipase, and myoglobin after labeling with Py-6 were performed. The method was further modified to make it amenable to automation. Unlike many other amino reactive reagents used to label protein amino groups, reaction with Py-1 and Py-6 do not alter the charge of the protein and the advantage of this with respect to electrophoretic separations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Craig
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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16
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Gruber M, Wetzl B, Oswald B, Enderlein J, Wolfbeis OS. A New Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Pair and Its Application to Oligonucleotide Labeling and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Hybridization Studies. J Fluoresc 2005; 15:207-14. [PMID: 15986147 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-005-2619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe two new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) compatible labels, their covalent linkage to oligonucleotides, and their use as donor and acceptor, respectively, in FRET hybridization studies. The dyes belong to the cyanine dyes, and water solubility is imparted by a phosphonate which represents a new solubilizing group in DNA labels. They were linked to amino-modified synthetic oligonucleotides via oxysuccinimide (OSI) esters. The studies performed include binding assays, determinations of molecular distances, homogeneous competitive assays, and limits of detection, which are in the order of 5 pmol/L for a 15-mer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Gruber
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Abd El-Aal R, Belal A. The use of metal chelators in the synthesis of monomethine cyanine dyes. DYES AND PIGMENTS 2005; 65:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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18
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Wetzl B, Gruber M, Oswald B, Dürkop A, Weidgans B, Probst M, Wolfbeis OS. Set of fluorochromophores in the wavelength range from 450 to 700 nm and suitable for labeling proteins and amino-modified DNA. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 793:83-92. [PMID: 12880856 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis, purification, and spectral properties of new dyes and reactive labels. They absorb in the visible range between 450 and 700 nm and display analytically useful fluorescence. They were made amino-reactive by esterification with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The resulting oxysuccinimide (OSI) esters were covalently linked to the amino groups of human serum albumin (HSA) or certain DNA oligomers. Except for dyes 9 and 13, they contain one reactive group only in order to avoid cross linking of biomolecules. Labeling of amino-modified biomolecules was performed by standard protocols, and the labeled proteins and oligonucleotides were separated from the unreacted dye by gel chromatography using Sephadex G25 as the stationary phase in the case of proteins, and reversed-phase HPLC in the case of DNA oligomers. The dyes also have been used as donor-acceptor pairs in fluorescence energy transfer systems and in energy transfer cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Wetzl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Astilean S, Garrett S, Andrew P, Barnes W. Controlling the fluorescence lifetime of dyes in nanostructured geometries. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Augustin CM, Oswald B, Wolfbeis OS. Time-resolved luminescence energy transfer immunobinding study using a ruthenium-ligand complex as a donor label. Anal Biochem 2002; 305:166-72. [PMID: 12054445 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2002.5633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel immunosystem is described that exploits the effect of luminescence energy transfer from a luminescently labeled antigen to a fluorescent antibody. A luminescent ruthenium-ligand complex (D-455) with absorption/emission maxima at 456/639 nm, respectively, was employed as the donor label, and a squaraine-type cyanine label (636/655 nm), as the fluorescent acceptor label. Specifically, the system human serum albumin (HSA)/anti-HSA was studied. HSA was labeled with the donor dye D-455, and anti-HSA was labeled with the acceptor dye A-631. On formation of the antigen-antibody complex, energy transfer occurs. The radiationless energy transfer affects both the decay time of D-455 and the intensities of the emissions of both D-455 and A-631. The decay time of around 500 ns of D-455 allows frequency-domain measurements in the low kilohertz range and therefore can be based on the use of conventional optoelectronics. This also suggests gated measurements to be performed. The major difference from existing HSA immunosystems is the use of a slow decaying ruthenium-ligand complex as the donor and of a long-wave emitting cyanine acceptor dye having a high quantum yield and a decay kinetics that is governed by the rate of energy transfer from the slow decaying donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Augustin
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, D-93040, Germany
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21
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Böhmer M, Wahl M, Rahn HJ, Erdmann R, Enderlein J. Time-resolved fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Wolfbeis OS, Böhmer M, Dürkop A, Enderlein J, Gruber M, Klimant I, Krause C, Kürner J, Liebsch G, Lin Z, Oswald B, Wu M. Advanced Luminescent Labels, Probes and Beads and their Application to Luminescence Bioassay and Imaging. FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY, IMAGING AND PROBES 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56067-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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