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Mesa-Restrepo A, Byers E, Brown JL, Ramirez J, Allain JP, Posada VM. Osteointegration of Ti Bone Implants: A Study on How Surface Parameters Control the Foreign Body Response. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4662-4681. [PMID: 39078702 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The integration of titanium (Ti)-based implants with bone is limited, resulting in implant failure. This lack of osteointegration is due to the foreign body response (FBR) that occurs after the implantation of biodevices. The process begins with protein adsorption, which is governed by implant surface properties, e.g., chemistry, charge, wettability, and/or topography. The distribution and composition of the protein layer in turn influence the recruitment, differentiation, and modulation of immune and bone cells. The subsequent events that occur at the bone-material interface will ultimately determine whether the implant is encapsulated or will integrate with bone. Despite the numerous studies evaluating the influence of surface properties in the various stages of the FBR, the factors that affect tissue-material interactions are often studied in isolation or in small correlations due to the technical challenges involved in assessing them in vitro or in vivo. Consequently, the influence of protein conformation on the Ti bone implant surface design remains an unresolved research question. The objective of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the existing literature on the effect of surface parameters of Ti and its alloys in the stages of FBR, with a particular focus on protein adsorption and osteoimmunomodulation. This evaluation aims to systematically describe these effects on bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mesa-Restrepo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Elizabeth Byers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Justin L Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Juan Ramirez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 64C nro 73-120, 050024 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Viviana M Posada
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Riedel R, Pérez-Amodio S, Cabo-Zabala L, Velasco-Ortega E, Maymó J, Gil J, Monsalve-Guil L, Ortiz-Garcia I, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Margalet V, Jiménez-Guerra A. Influence of the Surface Topography of Titanium Dental Implants on the Behavior of Human Amniotic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7416. [PMID: 39000523 PMCID: PMC11242699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The dental implant surface plays a crucial role in osseointegration. The topography and physicochemical properties will affect the cellular functions. In this research, four distinct titanium surfaces have been studied: machined acting (MACH), acid etched (AE), grit blasting (GBLAST), and a combination of grit blasting and subsequent acid etching (GBLAST + AE). Human amniotic mesenchymal (hAMSCs) and epithelial stem cells (hAECs) isolated from the amniotic membrane have attractive stem-cell properties. They were cultured on titanium surfaces to analyze their impact on biological behavior. The surface roughness, microhardness, wettability, and surface energy were analyzed using interferometric microscopy, Vickers indentation, and drop-sessile techniques. The GBLAST and GBLAST + AE surfaces showed higher roughness, reduced hydrophilicity, and lower surface energy with significant differences. Increased microhardness values for GBLAST and GBLAST + AE implants were attributed to surface compression. Cell viability was higher for hAMSCs, particularly on GBLAST and GBLAST + AE surfaces. Alkaline phosphatase activity enhanced in hAMSCs cultured on GBLAST and GBLAST + AE surfaces, while hAECs showed no mineralization signals. Osteogenic gene expression was upregulated in hAMSCs on GBLAST surfaces. Moreover, α2 and β1 integrin expression enhanced in hAMSCs, suggesting a surface-integrin interaction. Consequently, hAMSCs would tend toward osteoblastic differentiation on grit-blasted surfaces conducive to osseointegration, a phenomenon not observed in hAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Riedel
- Departament Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° Piso, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (R.R.); (J.M.)
- CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4th Floor, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Cataluña, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain;
| | - Laura Cabo-Zabala
- Sección de Inmunología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Instituto de Investigacion Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41004 Sevilla, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.O.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Julieta Maymó
- Departament Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° Piso, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (R.R.); (J.M.)
- CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4th Floor, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Cataluña, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain;
| | - Loreto Monsalve-Guil
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41004 Sevilla, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.O.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Iván Ortiz-Garcia
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41004 Sevilla, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.O.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Victor Sánchez-Margalet
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Alvaro Jiménez-Guerra
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41004 Sevilla, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.O.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
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Fonseca D, de Tapia B, Pons R, Aparicio C, Guerra F, Messias A, Gil J. The Effect of Implantoplasty on the Fatigue Behavior and Corrosion Resistance in Titanium Dental Implants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2944. [PMID: 38930312 PMCID: PMC11206074 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Implantoplasty is a technique increasingly used to remove the biofilm that causes peri-implantitis on dental implants. This technique of mechanization of the titanium surface makes it possible to eliminate bacterial colonies, but it can generate variations in the properties of the implant. These variations, especially those in fatigue resistance and electrochemical corrosion behavior, have not been studied much. In this work, fatigue tests were performed on 60 dental implants without implantoplasty, namely 30 in air and 30 in Hank's solution at 37 °C, and 60 with implatoplasty, namely 30 in air and 30 in Hank's solution at 37 °C, using triaxial tension-compression and torsion stresses simulating human chewing. Mechanical tests were performed with a Bionix servo-hydraulic testing machine and fracture surfaces were studied by scanning electron microcopyElectrochemical corrosion tests were performed on 20 dental implants to determine the corrosion potentials and corrosion intensity for control implants and implantoplasty implants. Studies of titanium ion release to the physiological medium were carried out for each type of dental implants by Inductively Coupled-Plasma Mass Spectrometry at different immersion times at 37 °C. The results show a loss of fatigue caused by the implantoplasty of 30%, observing that the nucleation points of the cracks are in the areas of high deformation in the areas of the implant neck where the mechanization produced in the treatment of the implantoplasty causes an exaltation of fatigue cracks. It has been observed that tests performed in Hank's solution reduce the fatigue life due to the incorporation of hydrogen in the titanium causing the formation of hydrides that embrittle the dental implant. Likewise, the implantoplasty causes a reduction of the corrosion resistance with some pitting on the machined surface. Ion release analyses are slightly higher in the implantoplasted samples but do not show statistically significant differences. It has been observed that the physiological environment reduces the fatigue life of the implants due to the penetration of hydrogen into the titanium forming titanium hydrides which embrittle the implant. These results should be taken into account by clinicians to determine the convenience of performing a treatment such as implantoplasty that reduces the mechanical behavior and increases the chemical degradation of the titanium dental implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcio Fonseca
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Beatriz de Tapia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (B.d.T.); (R.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Ramon Pons
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (B.d.T.); (R.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (B.d.T.); (R.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Fernando Guerra
- Department Medicina Dentaire, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Palácio dos Grilos, Rua da Ilha, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal; (F.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Messias
- Department Medicina Dentaire, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Palácio dos Grilos, Rua da Ilha, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal; (F.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Javier Gil
- Department Medicina Dentaire, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Palácio dos Grilos, Rua da Ilha, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal; (F.G.); (A.M.)
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Pereira R, Maia P, Rios-Santos JV, Herrero-Climent M, Rios-Carrasco B, Aparicio C, Gil J. Influence of Titanium Surface Residual Stresses on Osteoblastic Response and Bacteria Colonization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1626. [PMID: 38612139 PMCID: PMC11012676 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Grit basting is the most common process applied to titanium dental implants to give them a roughness that favors bone colonization. There are numerous studies on the influence of roughness on osseointegration, but the influence of the compressive residual stress associated with this treatment on biological behavior has not been determined. For this purpose, four types of surfaces have been studied using 60 titanium discs: smooth, smooth with residual stress, rough without stress, and rough with residual stress. Roughness was studied by optic interferometry; wettability and surface energy (polar and dispersive components) by contact angle equipment using three solvents; and residual stresses by Bragg-Bentano X-ray diffraction. The adhesion and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels on the different surfaces were studied using Saos-2 osteoblastic cultures. The bacterial strains Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus salivarius were cultured on different surfaces, determining the adhesion. The results showed that residual stresses lead to increased hydrophilicity on the surfaces, as well as an increase in surface energy, especially on the polar component. From the culture results, higher adhesion and higher ALP levels were observed in the discs with residual stresses when compared between smooth and roughened discs. It was also found that roughness was the property that mostly influenced osteoblasts' response. Bacteria colonize rough surfaces better than smooth surfaces, but no changes are observed due to residual surface tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pereira
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.); (J.V.R.-S.); (B.R.-C.)
| | - Paulo Maia
- Facultade Ciências da Saúde, Universidad Europeia de Lisboa,1500-210 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Jose Vicente Rios-Santos
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.); (J.V.R.-S.); (B.R.-C.)
| | | | - Blanca Rios-Carrasco
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.); (J.V.R.-S.); (B.R.-C.)
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Facultad de Odontología, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/ Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain;
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, c/ Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
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Vinhas AS, Salazar F, Mendes JM, Silva AS, Ríos-Carrasco B, Ríos-Santos JV, Gil J, Herrero-Climent M, Aroso C. SEM Analysis and Micro-CT Evaluation of Four Dental Implants after Three Different Mechanical Requests-In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:434. [PMID: 38255602 PMCID: PMC10820107 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Implant-supported rehabilitations are an increasingly frequent practice to replace lost teeth. Before clinical application, all implant components should demonstrate suitable durability in laboratory studies, through fatigue tests. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the integrity and wear of implant components using SEM, and to assess the axial displacement of the implant-abutment assembly by Micro-CT, in different implant connections, after three distinct mechanical requests. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four KLOCKNER implants (external connection SK2 and KL; and internal connection VEGA and ESSENTIAL) were submitted to three different mechanical requests: single tightening, multiple tightening, and multiple tightening and cyclic loading (500 N × 100 cycles). A total of 16 samples were evaluated by SEM, by the X-ray Bragg-Brentano method to obtain residual stresses, and scratch tests were realized for each surface and Micro-CT (4 control samples; 4 single tightening; 4 multiple tightening; 4 multiple tightening and cyclic loading). All dental implants were fabricated with commercially pure titanium (grade 3 titanium). Surface topography and axial displacement of abutment into the implant, from each group, were evaluated by SEM and Micro-CT. RESULTS In the manufacturing state, implants and abutments revealed minor structural changes and minimal damage from the machining process. The application of the tightening torque and loading was decisive in the appearance and increase in contact marks on the faces of the hexagon of the abutment and the implant. Vega has the maximum compressive residual stress and, as a consequence, higher scratch force. The abutment-implant distances in SK2 and KL samples did not show statistically significant differences, for any of the mechanical demands analyzed. In contrast, statistically significant differences were observed in abutment-implant distance in the internal connection implants Vega and Essential. CONCLUSIONS The application of mechanical compression loads caused deformation and contact marks in all models tested. Only internal connection implants revealed an axial displacement of the abutment into the implant, but at a general level, a clear intrusion of the abutment into the implant could only be confirmed in the Essential model, which obtained its maximal axial displacement with cyclic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Vinhas
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.S.V.); (F.S.); (J.M.M.); (A.S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Filomena Salazar
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.S.V.); (F.S.); (J.M.M.); (A.S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - José Manuel Mendes
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.S.V.); (F.S.); (J.M.M.); (A.S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - António Sérgio Silva
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.S.V.); (F.S.); (J.M.M.); (A.S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Blanca Ríos-Carrasco
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - José Vicente Ríos-Santos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat-Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Carlos Aroso
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.S.V.); (F.S.); (J.M.M.); (A.S.S.); (C.A.)
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Sanjuán M, Brizuela-Velasco A, Gil J, Cerrolaza M, Montalvillo E, Fernández-Hernández S, Robles D. Hybrid surface implants: Influence of residual stress on mechanical behavior, evaluated by finite element analysis and validation by fatigue tests. Dent Mater 2024; 40:9-18. [PMID: 37858421 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the influence of different surface roughness and residual stress of hybrid surface implants on their behavior and mechanical failure. METHODS Three types of implants with different surface roughness were used as specimens: smooth, rough, and hybrid. A diffractometer was used to determine the residual stress of the implants according to their different surface treatment. These results were used as an independent variable in a finite element analysis that compared the three specimens to determine the von Mises stress transferred to the implants and supporting bone and the resulting microdeformations. Flexural strength and fatigue behavior tests were performed to compare the results of the three types of implants. RESULTS Higher residual stress values were found for rough surfaces (p < 0.05, Student's t-test) compared to smooth surfaces, and both types of stress were different for the two types of hybrid implant surfaces. Finite element analysis found different von Mises stress and microdeformation results, both at the level of the implant and the bone, for the three types of implants under study. These results were correlated with the different flexural strength behaviors (lower resistance for hybrids and higher for rough surfaces, p < 0.05) and fatigue behavior (the rough implant had the longest fatigue life, while the hybrid implant exhibited the worst fatigue behavior). SIGNIFICANCE The results show a trend toward a less favorable mechanical behavior of the hybrid implants related to the retention of different residual stresses caused by the surface treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanjuán
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aritza Brizuela-Velasco
- DENS-ia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Cerrolaza
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Montalvillo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; DENS-ia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Saray Fernández-Hernández
- DENS-ia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Robles
- DENS-ia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain
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Abdoli Z, Mohammadi B, Karimi HR. On the fatigue life of dental implants: Numerical and experimental investigation on configuration effect. Med Eng Phys 2024; 123:104078. [PMID: 38365331 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Dental implants have seen widespread and successful use in recent years. Given their long-term application and the critical role of geometry in determining fracture and fatigue characteristics, fatigue assessments are of utmost importance for implant systems. In this study, nine dental implant system samples were subjected to testing in accordance with ISO 14801 standards. The tests included static evaluations to assess ultimate loads and fatigue tests conducted under loads of 270 N and 230 N at a frequency of 15 Hz, aimed at identifying fatigue failure locations and fatigue life. Fatigue life predictions and related calculations were carried out using Fe-safe software. The initial model featured a 22° angle for both the fixture and abutment. Subsequently, variations in abutment angles at 21° and 23° were considered while keeping the fixture angle at 22°. In the next phase, the fixture and abutment angles were set as identical, at 21° and 23°. The results unveiled that when the angles of the abutment and fixture matched, stress values decreased, and fatigue life increased. Conversely, models featuring abutment angles of 21° and 23°, with a 22° angle for the fixture, led to a 49.1 % increase in stress and a 36.9 % decrease in fatigue life compared to the primary model. Notably, in the case of the implant with a 23° angle for both abutment and fixture, the fatigue life reached its highest value at 10 million cycles. Conversely, the worst-case scenario was observed in the implant with a 21° abutment angle and a 23° fixture angle, with a fatigue life of 5.49 million cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahrae Abdoli
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Mohammadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Karimi
- School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Wen X, Liu Y, Xi F, Zhang X, Kang Y. Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and its potential for improving the performance of titanium implants in biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1282590. [PMID: 38026886 PMCID: PMC10662315 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1282590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, making them attractive for biomedical applications. However, their biological inertness and lack of antimicrobial properties may compromise the success of implants. In this review, the potential of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology to create bioactive coatings on Ti implants is discussed. The review covers the following aspects: 1) different factors, such as electrolyte, voltage and current, affect the properties of MAO coatings; 2) MAO coatings affect biocompatibility, including cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, angiogenic activity, corrosion resistance, osteogenic activity and osseointegration; 3) antibacterial properties can be achieved by adding copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) and other elements to achieve antimicrobial properties; and 4) MAO can be combined with other physical and chemical techniques to enhance the performance of MAO coatings. It is concluded that MAO coatings offer new opportunities for improving the use of Ti and its alloys in biomedical applications, and some suggestions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangquan Xi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingwan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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9
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Robles D, Brizuela A, Fernández-Domínguez M, Gil J. Osteoblastic and Bacterial Response of Hybrid Dental Implants. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:321. [PMID: 37367285 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections in dental implants generate peri-implantitis disease that causes bone loss and the mobility of the dental implant. It is well known that specific ranges of roughness favor the proliferation of bacteria, and it is for this reason that new dental implants called hybrids have appeared. These implants have a smooth area in the coronal part and a rough surface in the apical part. The objective of this research is the physico-chemical characterization of the surface and the osteoblastic and microbiological behavior. One-hundred and eighty discs of titanium grade 3 with three different surfaces (smooth, smooth-rough, and completely rough) were studied. The roughness was determined by white light interferometry, and the wettability and surface energy by the sessile drop technique and the application of Owens and Wendt equations. Human osteoblast SaOS-2 was cultured to determine cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Microbiological studies were performed with two common bacterial strains in oral infection, E. faecalis and S. gordonii, at different times of culture. The roughness obtained for the smooth surface was Sa = 0.23 and for the rough surface it was 1.98 μm. The contact angles were more hydrophilic for the smooth surface (61.2°) than for the rough surface (76.1°). However, the surface energy was lower for the rough surface (22.70 mJ/m2) in both its dispersive and polar components than the smooth surface (41.77 mJ/m2). Cellular activity in adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation was much higher on rough surfaces than on smooth surfaces. After 6 h of incubation, the osteoblast number in rough surfaces was more than 32% higher in relation to the smooth surface. The cell area in smooth surfaces was higher than rough surfaces. The proliferation increased and the alkaline phosphatase presented a maximum after 14 days, with the mineral content of the cells being higher in rough surfaces. In addition, the rough surfaces showed greater bacterial proliferation at the times studied and in the two strains used. Hybrid implants sacrifice the good osteoblast behavior of the coronal part of the implant in order to obstruct bacterial adhesion. The following fact should be considered by clinicians: there is a possible loss of bone fixation when preventing peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Robles
- Department of Translational Medicine, CEU San Pablo University, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, C/del Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aritza Brizuela
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, C/del Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Domínguez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Monteprincipe, University CEU San Pablo, Av. de Montepríncipe, s/n, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n. Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Robles D, Brizuela A, Fernández-Domínguez M, Gil J. Corrosion Resistance and Titanium Ion Release of Hybrid Dental Implants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103650. [PMID: 37241275 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the strategies for the fight against peri-implantitis is the fabrication of titanium dental implants with the part close to the neck without roughness. It is well known that roughness favors osseointegration but hinders the formation of biofilm. Implants with this type of structure are called hybrid dental implants, which sacrifice better coronal osseointegration for a smooth surface that hinders bacterial colonization. In this contribution, we have studied the corrosion resistance and the release of titanium ions to the medium of smooth (L), hybrid (H), and rough (R) dental implants. All implants were identical in design. Roughness was determined with an optical interferometer and residual stresses were determined for each surface by X-ray diffraction using the Bragg-Bentano technique. Corrosion studies were carried out with a Voltalab PGZ301 potentiostat, using Hank's solution as an electrolyte at a temperature of 37 °C. Open-circuit potentials (Eocp), corrosion potential (Ecorr), and current density (icorr) were determined. Implant surfaces were observed by JEOL 5410 scanning electron microscopy. Finally, for each of the different dental implants, the release of ions into Hank's solution at 37 °C at 1, 7, 14, and 30 days of immersion was determined by ICP-MS. The results, as expected, show a higher roughness of R with respect to L and compressive residual stresses of -201.2 MPa and -20.2 MPa, respectively. These differences in residual stresses create a potential difference in the H implant corresponding to Eocp of -186.4 mV higher than for the L and R of -200.9 and -192.2 mV, respectively. The corrosion potentials and current intensity are also higher for the H implants (-223 mV and 0.069 μA/mm2) with respect to the L (-280 mV and 0.014 μA/mm2 and R (-273 mV and 0.019 μA/mm2). Scanning electron microscopy revealed pitting in the interface zone of the H implants and no pitting in the L and R dental implants. The titanium ion release values to the medium are higher in the R implants due to their higher specific surface area compared to the H and L implants. The maximum values obtained are low, not exceeding 6 ppb in 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Robles
- Department of Translational Medicine CEU, San Pablo University, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, C/del Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aritza Brizuela
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, C/del Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Domínguez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Monteprincipe, University CEU San Pablo, Av. de Montepríncipe s/n, Alcorcón, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Rodriguez-González R, Monsalve-Guil L, Jimenez-Guerra A, Velasco-Ortega E, Moreno-Muñoz J, Nuñez-Marquez E, Pérez RA, Gil J, Ortiz-Garcia I. Relevant Aspects of Titanium Topography for Osteoblastic Adhesion and Inhibition of Bacterial Colonization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093553. [PMID: 37176435 PMCID: PMC10180273 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the surface topography of dental implants has been studied to optimize titanium surfaces in order to improve osseointegration. Different techniques can be used to obtain rough titanium, however, their effect on wettability, surface energy, as well as bacterial and cell adhesion and differentiation has not been studied deeply. Two-hundred disks made of grade 4 titanium were subjected to different treatments: machined titanium (MACH), acid-attacked titanium (AE), titanium sprayed with abrasive alumina particles under pressure (GBLAST), and titanium that has been treated with GBLAST and then subjected to AE (GBLAST + AE). The roughness of the different treatments was determined by confocal microscopy, and the wettability was determined by the sessile drop technique; then, the surface energy of each treatment was calculated. Osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) were cultured, and alkaline phosphatase was determined using a colorimetric test. Likewise, bacterial strains S. gordonii, S. oralis, A. viscosus, and E. faecalis were cultured, and proliferation on the different surfaces was determined. It could be observed that the roughness of the GBLAST and GBLAS + AE was higher, at 1.99 and 2.13 μm of Ra, with respect to the AE and MACH samples, which were 0.35 and 0.20 μm, respectively. The abrasive treated surfaces showed lower hydrophilicity but lower surface energy. Significant differences could be seen at 21 days between SaOS-2 osteoblastic cell adhesion for the blasted ones and higher osteocalcin levels. However, no significant differences in terms of bacterial proliferation were observed between the four surfaces studied, demonstrating the insensitivity of bacteria to topography. These results may help in the search for the best topographies for osteoblast behavior and for the inhibition of bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodriguez-González
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallé, 08198 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roman A Pérez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallé, 08198 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallé, 08198 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Padulles-Gaspar E, Padulles-Roig E, Cabanes G, Pérez RA, Gil J, Bosch BM. Effects of Hypochlorous Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment on Bacterial Disinfection Treatments in Implantoplasty Procedures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2953. [PMID: 37109795 PMCID: PMC10144543 DOI: 10.3390/ma16082953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the main problems in oral implantology today is peri-implantitis, which affects almost 20% of dental implants placed in patients. One of the most commonly used techniques to eliminate bacterial biofilm is the implantoplasty, that consists of the mechanical modification of the implant surface topography followed by treatments with chemical reagents for decontamination. In this study, the main aim is to evaluate the use of two different chemical treatments based on hypochlorous acid (HClO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For this purpose, 75 titanium grade 3 discs were treated with implantoplasty according to established protocols. Twenty-five discs were used as controls, 25 were treated with concentrated HClO and 25 were treated with concentrated HClO followed by treatment with 6% H2O2. The roughness of the discs was determined using the interferometric process. Cytotoxicity with SaOs-2 osteoblastic cells was quantified at 24 and 72 h, whereas bacteria proliferation using S. gordonii and S. oralis bacteria was quantified at 5 s and 1 min of treatment. The results showed an increase in the roughness values, the control discs had an Ra of 0.33 μm and those treated with HClO and H2O2 reached 0.68 μm. Cytotoxicity was present at 72 h, together with a significant proliferation of bacteria. These biological and microbiological results can be attributed to the roughness produced by the chemical agents that triggered bacterial adsorption while inhibiting osteoblast adhesion. The results indicate that even if this treatment can decontaminate the titanium surface after implantation, the produced topography will generate an environment that will not favor long-term performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Padulles-Gaspar
- Facultad de Odontología, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Padulles-Roig
- Department of Implantology, University of La Salle, Madrid, EDE, C7Gaminedes 11, 28023 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cabanes
- Department of Implantology, University of La Salle, Madrid, EDE, C7Gaminedes 11, 28023 Madrid, Spain
| | - Román A. Pérez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña M. Bosch
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Herrero-Climent M, Falcao A, Tondela J, Brizuela A, Rios-Carrasco B, Gil J. Relevant Aspects of the Dental Implant Design on the Insertion Torque, Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) and Micromobility: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030855. [PMID: 36769501 PMCID: PMC9917810 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The major problems for the osseointegration of dental implants are the loosening of the screw that fixes the dental implant to the abutment and the micromovements that are generated when mechanical loads are applied. In this work, torque differences in the tightening and loosening of the connection screws after 1 cycle, 10 cycles and 1000 cycles for 4 dental implants with 2 external and 2 internal connections were analyzed. The loosening of 240 implants (60 for each system) was determined using high-precision torsimeters and an electromechanical testing machine. A total of 60 dental implants for each of the 4 systems were inserted into fresh bovine bone to determine the micromovements. The implant stability values (ISQ) were determined by RFA. The mechanical loads were performed at 30° from 20 N to 200 N. By means of the Q-star technique, the micromovements were determined. It was observed that, for a few cycles, the loosening of the screw did not exceed a loss of tightening of 10% for both connections. However, for 1000 cycles, the loss for the external connection was around 20% and for the internal connection it was 13%. The micromovements showed a lineal increase with the applied load for the implant systems studied. An external connection presented greater micromotions for each level of applied load and lower ISQ values than internal ones. An excellent lineal correlation between the ISQ and micromobility was observed. These results may be very useful for clinicians in the selection of the type of dental implant, depending on the masticatory load of the patient as well as the consequences of the insertion torque of the dental implant and its revisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artur Falcao
- Porto Dental Institute, Av. de Montevideu 810, 4150-518 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joao Tondela
- Centre for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 2, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aritza Brizuela
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, C/del Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Blanca Rios-Carrasco
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentsitry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, International University of Catalonia, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Rodriguez-Fernandez JC, Pastor F, Barrera Mora JM, Brizuela A, Puigdollers A, Espinar E, Gil FJ. Bacteriostatic Poly Ethylene Glycol Plasma Coatings for Orthodontic Titanium Mini-Implants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7487. [PMID: 36363077 PMCID: PMC9654847 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium mini-implants are used as anchorage for orthodontic tooth movements. However, these implants present problems due to the infection of surrounding tissues. The aim of this work was to obtain a polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer by plasma in order to achieve a bacteriostatic surface. Titanium surfaces were activated by argon plasma and, after, by PEG plasma with different powers (100, 150 and 200 W) for 30 and 60 min. The roughness was determined by white light interferometer microscopy and the wettability was determined by the contact angle technique. Surface chemical compositions were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cytocompatibility and cell adhesion studies were performed with fibroblast (hFFs) and osteoblast (SAOS-2) cells. Bacterial cultures with Spectrococcus Sanguinis and Lactobacillus Salivarius were performed, and bacterial colonization was determined. The results showed that plasma treatments do not affect the roughness. Plasma makes the surfaces more hydrophilic by decreasing the contact angles from 64.2° for titanium to 5.2° for argon-activated titanium, with values ranging from 12° to 25° for the different PEG treatments. The plasma has two effects: the cleaning of the surface and the formation of the PEG layer. The biocompatibility results were, for all cases, higher than 80%. The polymerization treatment with PEG reduced the adhesion of hFFs from 7000 to 6000 and, for SAOS-2, from 14,000 to 6500, for pure titanium and those treated with PEG, respectively. Bacterial adhesion was also reduced from 600 to 300 CFU/mm2 for Spetrococcuns Sanguinis and from 10,000 to 900 CFU/mm2 for Lactobacillus Salivarius. The best bacteriostatic treatment corresponded to PEG at 100 W and 30 s. As a consequence, the PEG coating would significantly prevent the formation of bacterial biofilm on the surface of titanium mini-implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Pastor
- Dept. Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Barrera Mora
- Dept. Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aritza Brizuela
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, C/del Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andreu Puigdollers
- Dept. Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Espinar
- Dept. Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - F. Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicia y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Callejas JA, Gil J, Brizuela A, Pérez RA, Bosch BM. Effect of the Size of Titanium Particles Released from Dental Implants on Immunological Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137333. [PMID: 35806339 PMCID: PMC9266706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The techniques used in oral implantology to remove bacterial biofilm from the surface of implants by machining the titanium surface (implantoplasty) or by placing rough dental implants through friction with the cortical bone generate a large release of particles. In this work, we performed a simulation of particle generation following clinical protocols. The particles were characterized for commercially pure titanium with particle sizes of 5, 10, 15, and 30 μm. The aim was to determine the effect of particle size and chemical composition of the implant on the immune response. For this purpose, their morphology and possible contamination were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. In addition, the granulometry, specific surface area, release of metal ions into the medium, and studies of cytocompatibility, gene expression, and cytokine release linked to the inflammatory process were studied. The release of ions for titanium particles showed levels below 800 ppb for all sizes. Smaller particle sizes showed less cytotoxicity, although particles of 15 μm presented higher levels of cytocompatibility. In addition, inflammatory markers (TNFα and Il-1β) were higher compared to larger titanium. Specifically, particles of 15 μm presented a lower proinflammatory and higher anti-inflammatory response as characterized by gene expression and cytokine release, compared to control or smaller particles. Therefore, in general, there is a greater tendency for smaller particles to produce greater toxicity and a greater proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Callejas
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08190 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.A.P.)
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08190 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (B.M.B.)
| | - Aritza Brizuela
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, C. del Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Román A. Pérez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08190 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.A.P.)
| | - Begoña M. Bosch
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08190 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (B.M.B.)
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16
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Relevant Aspects of Titanium and Zirconia Dental Implants for Their Fatigue and Osseointegration Behaviors. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15114036. [PMID: 35683331 PMCID: PMC9182570 DOI: 10.3390/ma15114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration capacity and good mechanical behavior are key to the success of the dental implant. In many investigations, comparisons of properties are made using different dental implant designs and therefore the results can be influenced by the macrodesign of the dental implant. In this work, studies were carried out with the same dental implant model using different roughness and different materials—commercially pure titanium (grade 4) and zirconia. For this purpose, 80 smooth passivated titanium (Ti), 80 smooth zirconia (ZrO2), and 80 rough passivated titanium (Ti-R) dental implants were used. The samples were characterized by their roughness, wettability, surface energy, residual stresses, and fatigue behavior. The implants were implanted in minipigs for 4 and 12 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, and histological studies were carried out to determine the osseointegration parameters for each of the implantation times. Ti and ZrO2 dental implants have very similar wettability and surface energy properties. However, the roughness causes a decrease in the hydrophilic character and a decrease of the total surface energy and especially the dispersive component, while the polar component is higher. Due to the compressive residual stresses of alumina sandblasting, the rough dental implant has the best fatigue behavior, followed by Ti and due to the lack of toughness and rapid crack propagation the ZrO2 implants have the worst fatigue behavior. The bone index contact (BIC) values for 4 weeks were around 25% for Ti, 32% for ZrO2, and 45% for Ti-R. After 12 weeks the Ti dental implants increased to 42%, for Ti, 43% for ZrO2, and an important increase to 76% was observed for Ti-R implants. In vivo results showed that the key factor that improves osseointegration is roughness. There was no significant difference between ZrO2 and Ti implants without sandblasting.
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17
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Maxillary Sinus Osteoma as a Support for Dental Implant Associated to Sinus Augmentation Procedure: A Case Report and Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Maxillary sinus augmentation is a method extensively used to restore sufficient bone volume in the posterior maxilla to allow for the placement of fixtures. The purpose of the present case report was to describe a rare case of sinus osteoma used for implant support and to review the relevant literature. Materials and Methods: A 58-year-old man with a radiopaque intrasinusal lesion was referred for rehabilitation of the maxilla. The lesion was probably an osteoma and involved the nasal wall of the maxillary sinus. After discussing the options with the patient, he agreed to maintain the lesion and a sinus augmentation with a bone graft. A part of the osteoma was partially removed for histological analysis while avoiding perforation or tearing of the schneiderian membrane. After six months, 6 implants (Bone System Implant, Milano, Italy) were placed in the maxilla, two of which were inserted in the osteoma. Results: The two implants placed in the osteoma were perfectly osseointegrated. The graft material appeared well-integrated with no local signs of inflammation. No postoperative events or symptoms were reported after the surgery stages and at a 6-month follow-up. Regarding the two implants placed in the osteoma: article selection identified 9 case reports, 2 case series, and 1 retrospective study for a total of 58 subjects, 35 males and 25 females. The patients’ ages were heterogeneous and ranged between 12 and 79 years old. Conclusions: In the present case, we decided to leave the osteoma because it was asymptomatic and used as dental implant support. The effectiveness of the present investigation can provide useful guidance for surgeons and dentists in the management of similar clinical situations.
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18
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The Characterization of Titanium Particles Released from Bone-Level Titanium Dental Implants: Effect of the Size of Particles on the Ion Release and Cytotoxicity Behaviour. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103636. [PMID: 35629663 PMCID: PMC9148149 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies are being carried out on the particles released during the implantoplasty process in the machining of dental implants to remove bacterial biofilms. However, there are no studies on the release of particles produced by the insertion of bone-level dental implants due to the high compressive frictional loads between the rough titanium implant and the bone tissue. This paper aims to characterize the released particles and determine the release of titanium ions into the physiological environment and their cytocompatibility. For this purpose, 90 dental implants with a neck diameter of 4 mm and a torque of 22 Ncm were placed in 7 fresh cow ribs. The placement was carried out according to the established protocols. The implants had a roughness Ra of 1.92 μm. The arrangement of the particles in the bone tissue was studied by micro-CT, and no particle clusters were observed. The different granulometries of 5, 15, and 30 μm were obtained; the specific surface area was determined by laser diffraction; the topography was determined by scanning electron microcopy; and the particles were chemically analysed by X-ray energy microanalysis. The residual stresses of the particles were obtained by X-ray diffraction using the Bragg-Bentano configuration. The release of titanium ions to the physiological medium was performed using ICP-MS at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. The cytocompatibility of the particles with HFF-1 fibroblast and SAOS-2 osteoblast cultures was characterized. The results showed that the lowest specific surface area (0.2109 m2/g) corresponds to the particles larger than 30 μm being higher than 0.4969 and 0.4802 m2/g of those that are 5 and 15 μm, respectively, observing in all cases that the particles have irregular morphologies without contamination of the drills used in the surgery. The highest residual stresses were found for the small particles, -395 MPa for the 5 μm particles, and -369 for the 15 μm particles, and the lowest residual stresses were found for the 30 μm particles with values of -267 MPa. In all cases, the residual stresses were compressive. The lowest ion release was for the 30 μm samples, as they have the lowest specific surface area. Cytocompatibility studies showed that the particles are cytocompatible, but it is the smallest ones that are lower and very close to the 70% survival limit in both fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
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19
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Grossi JRA, Deliberador TM, Giovanini AF, Zielak JC, Sebstiani AM, Gonzaga CC, Coelho PG, Zétola AL, Weiss FP, Benalcázar Jalkh EB, Storrer CLM, Witek L. Effects of local single dose administration of parathormone on the early stages of osseointegration: A pre-clinical study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1806-1813. [PMID: 35218605 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of parathormone (PTH) administered directly to the implant's surface prior to insertion, using a large translational animal model. Sixty titanium implants were divided into four groups: (i) Collagen, control group, where implants were coated with Type-I Bovine-collagen, and three experimental groups, where implants received varying doses of PTH: (ii) 12.5, (iii) 25, and (iv) 50 μg, prior to placement. Fifteen female sheep (~2 years old, weighing ~65 kg) received four implants in an interpolated fashion in C3, C4 or C5 vertebral bodies. After 3-, 6- and 12-weeks, samples were harvested, histologically processed, qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). BIC yielded lower values at 6-weeks for 50 μg relative to the control group, with no significant differences, when compared to the 12.5- and 25-μg. No significant differences were detected at 6-weeks between collagen, 12.5- and 25-μg groups. At 3- and 12-weeks, no differences were detected for BIC among PTH groups. With respect to BAFO, no significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups independent of PTH concentration and time in vivo. Qualitative observations at 3-weeks indicated the presence of a more mature bone near the implant's surface with the application of PTH, however, no significant differences in new bone formation or healing patterns were observed at 6- and 12-weeks. Single local application of different concentrations of PTH on titanium implant's surface did not influence the osseointegration at any time-point evaluation in low-density bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - João César Zielak
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Castiglia Gonzaga
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - André Luis Zétola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernando P Weiss
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ernesto B Benalcázar Jalkh
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Benefits of Residual Aluminum Oxide for Sand Blasting Titanium Dental Implants: Osseointegration and Bactericidal Effects. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010178. [PMID: 35009326 PMCID: PMC8746027 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of residual alumina after sand blasting treatment in titanium dental implants. This paper studied the effect of alumina on physico-chemical surface properties, such as: surface wettability, surface energy. Osseointegration and bacteria adhesion were determined in order to determine the effect of the abrasive particles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three surfaces were studied: (1) as-received, (2) rough surface with residual alumina from sand blasting on the surface and (3) with the same roughness but without residual alumina. Roughness was determined by white light interferometer microscopy. Surface wettability was evaluated with a contact angle video-based system and the surface free energy by means of Owens and Wendt equation. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with microanalysis was used to study the morphology and determine the chemical composition of the surfaces. Bacteria (Lactobacillus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguinis) were cultured in each surface. In total, 110 dental implants were placed into the bone of eight minipigs in order to compare the osseointegration. The percentage of bone-to-implant contact was determined after 4 and 6 weeks of implantation with histometric analysis. RESULTS The surfaces with residual alumina presented a lower surface free energy than clean surfaces. The in vivo studies demonstrated that the residual alumina accelerated bone tissue growth at different implantation times, in relation to clean dental implants. In addition, residual alumina showed a bactericidal effect by decreasing the quantity of bacteria adhering to the titanium. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to verify the benefits that the alumina (percentages around 8% in weight) produces on the surface of titanium dental implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians should be aware of the benefits of sand-blasted alumina due to the physico-chemical surface changes demonstrated in in vivo tests.
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Toledano-Serrabona J, Sánchez-Garcés MÁ, Gay-Escoda C, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Camps-Font O, Verdeguer P, Molmeneu M, Gil FJ. Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Ti6Al4V Particles Obtained by Implantoplasty: An In Vitro Study. Part II. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216519. [PMID: 34772042 PMCID: PMC8585323 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the field of implant dentistry there are several mechanisms by which metal particles can be released into the peri-implant tissues, such as implant insertion, corrosion, wear, or surface decontamination techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V particles released during implantoplasty of dental implants treated due to periimplantitis. A standardized protocol was used to obtain metal particles produced during polishing the surface of Ti6Al4V dental implants. Physicochemical and biological characterization of the particles were described in Part I, while the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior have been studied in this study. Mechanical properties were determined by means of nanoindentation and X-ray diffraction. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical testing in an artificial saliva medium. Corrosion parameters such as critical current density (icr), corrosion potential (ECORR), and passive current density (iCORR) have been determined. The samples for electrochemical behavior were discs of Ti6Al4V as-received and discs with the same mechanical properties and internal stresses than the particles from implantoplasty. The discs were cold-worked at 12.5% in order to achieve the same properties (hardness, strength, plastic strain, and residual stresses). The implantoplasty particles showed a higher hardness, strength, elastic modulus, and lower strain to fracture and a compressive residual stress. Resistance to corrosion of the implantoplasty particles decreased, and surface pitting was observed. This fact is due to the increase of the residual stress on the surfaces which favor the electrochemical reactions. The values of corrosion potential can be achieved in normal conditions and produce corroded debris which could be cytotoxic and cause tattooing in the soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Toledano-Serrabona
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.-S.); (C.G.-E.); (E.V.-C.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Maria Ángeles Sánchez-Garcés
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.-S.); (C.G.-E.); (E.V.-C.); (O.C.-F.)
- Correspondence: (M.Á.S.-G.); (F.J.G.)
| | - Cosme Gay-Escoda
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.-S.); (C.G.-E.); (E.V.-C.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.-S.); (C.G.-E.); (E.V.-C.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Octavi Camps-Font
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.-S.); (C.G.-E.); (E.V.-C.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Pablo Verdeguer
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, International University of Catalonia, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Meritxell Molmeneu
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, International University of Catalonia, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
- Faculty of Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Á.S.-G.); (F.J.G.)
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Surface Roughness Analysis and Prediction with an Artificial Neural Network Model for Dry Milling of Co-Cr Biomedical Alloys. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216361. [PMID: 34771885 PMCID: PMC8585254 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to conduct an experimental study in order to obtain a roughness (Ra) prediction model for dry end-milling (with an AlTiCrSiN PVD-coated tool) of the Co–28Cr–6Mo and Co–20Cr–15W–10Ni biomedical alloys, a model that can contribute to more quickly obtaining the desired surface quality and shortening the manufacturing process time. An experimental plan based on the central composite design method was adopted to determine the influence of the axial depth of cut, feed per tooth and cutting speed process parameters (input variables) on the Ra surface roughness (response variable) which was recorded after machining for both alloys. To develop the prediction models, statistical techniques were used first and three prediction equations were obtained for each alloy, the best results being achieved using response surface methodology. However, for obtaining a higher accuracy of prediction, ANN models were developed with the help of an application made in LabView for roughness (Ra) prediction. The primary results of this research consist of the Co–28Cr–6Mo and Co–20Cr–15W–10Ni prediction models and the developed application. The modeling results show that the ANN model can predict the surface roughness with high accuracy for the considered Co–Cr alloys.
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Benalcázar Jalkh EB, Parra M, Torroni A, Nayak VV, Tovar N, Castellano A, Badalov RM, Bonfante EA, Coelho PG, Witek L. Effect of supplemental acid-etching on the early stages of osseointegration: A preclinical model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104682. [PMID: 34311324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of two surface modifications on early osseointegration parameters of conical implants in a translational pre-clinical model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conical implants with progressive trapezoidal threads and healing chambers were evaluated consisting of two different surface conditions: 1) Implacil surface (IMP Sur), and 2) Implacil surface + Supplemental Acid-etching (IMP Sur + AE). Surface characterization comprised of the evaluation of roughness parameters (Sa, Sq and Sdr), surface energy and contact angle. Subsequently, implants were installed in the ilium crest of nine female sheep (weighing ~65 kg). Torque out, histological and histomorphometric analyses were conducted after 3 and 6 weeks in-vivo. The percentage of bone to implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy within implant threads (%BAFO) were quantified, and the results were analyzed using a general linear mixed model analysis as function of surface treatment and time in-vivo. RESULTS Supplemental acid etching significantly increased Sa and Sq roughness parameters without compromising the surface energy or contact angle, and no significant differences with respect to Sdr. Torque-out testing yielded significantly higher values for IMP Sur + AE in comparison to the IMP Sur at 3- (62.78 ± 15 and 33.49 ± 15 N.cm, respectively) and 6-weeks (60.74 ± 15 and 39.80 ± 15 N.cm, respectively). Histological analyses depicted similar osseointegration features for both surfaces, where an intramembranous-type healing pattern was observed. At histomorphometric analyses, IMP Sur + AE implants yielded higher values of BIC in comparison to IMP Sur at 3- (40.48 ± 38 and 27.98 ± 38%, respectively) and 6-weeks (45.86 ± 38 and 34.46 ± 38%, respectively). Both groups exhibited a significant increase in %BAFO from 3 (~35%) to 6 weeks (~44%), with no significant differences between surface treatments. CONCLUSION Supplemental acid-etching and its interplay with implant thread design, positively influenced the BIC and torque-out resistance at early stages of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto B Benalcázar Jalkh
- University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo Parra
- PhD Program in Morphological Sciences, Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Torroni
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nick Tovar
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, Langone Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Castellano
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Badalov
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Maiborodin I, Shevela A, Matveeva V, Morozov V, Toder M, Krasil’nikov S, Koryakina A, Shevela A, Yanushevich O. First Experimental Study of the Influence of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Multipotent Stromal Cells on Osseointegration of Dental Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168774. [PMID: 34445482 PMCID: PMC8395855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the aim was to study the state of the bone tissue adjacent to dental implants after the use of extracellular vesicles derived from multipotent stromal cells (MSC EVs) of bone marrow origin in the experiment. In compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics under general intravenous anesthesia with propofol, the screw dental implants were installed in the proximal condyles of the tibia of outbred rabbits without and with preliminary introduction of 19.2 μg MSC EVs into each bone tissue defect. In 3, 7, and 10 days after the operation, the density of bone tissue adjacent to different parts of the implant using an X-ray unit with densitometer was measured. In addition, the histological examinations of the bone site with the hole from the removed device and the soft tissues from the surface of the proximal tibial condyle in the area of intra-bone implants were made. It was found out that 3 days after implantation with the use of MSC EVs, the bone density was statistically significantly higher by 47.2% than after the same implantation, but without the injection of MSC EVs. It is possible that as a result of the immunomodulatory action of MSC EVs, the activity of inflammation decreases, and, respectively, the degree of vasodilation in bones and leukocyte infiltration of the soft tissues are lower, in comparison with the surgery performed in the control group. The bone fragments formed during implantation are mainly consolidated with each other and with the regenerating bone. Day 10 demonstrated that all animals with the use of MSC EVs had almost complete fusion of the screw device with the bone tissue, whereas after the operation without the application of MSC EVs, the heterogeneous histologic pattern was observed: From almost complete osseointegration of the implant to the absolute absence of contact between the foreign body and the new formed bone. Therefore, the use of MSC EVs during the introduction of dental implants into the proximal condyle of the tibia of rabbits contributes to an increase of the bone tissue density near the device after 3 days and to the achievement of consistently successful osseointegration of implants 10 days after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Maiborodin
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine” of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Akademika Timakova Str., 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandr Shevela
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
- International Center of Dental Implantology iDent, Sibrevkoma Str., 9b, 630007 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Vera Matveeva
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Vitaly Morozov
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Michael Toder
- International Center of Dental Implantology iDent, Sibrevkoma Str., 9b, 630007 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Sergey Krasil’nikov
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Alina Koryakina
- International Center of Dental Implantology iDent, Sibrevkoma Str., 9b, 630007 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrew Shevela
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Oleg Yanushevich
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, The Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Delegatskaya Str., 20, p. 1, 127473 Moscow, Russia;
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Osseointegration of Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Implant Surfaces. A Histological and Histomorphometric Study in the Rabbit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168507. [PMID: 34445213 PMCID: PMC8395172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium surface is an important factor in achieving osseointegration during the early wound healing of dental implants in alveolar bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sandblasted-etched surface implants to investigate the osseointegration. In the present study, we used two different types of sandblasted-etched surface implants, an SLA™ surface and a Nanoblast Plus™ surface. Roughness and chemical composition were evaluated by a white light interferometer microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The SLA™ surface exhibited the higher values (Ra 3.05 μm) of rugosity compared to the Nanoblast Plus™ surface (Ra 1.78 μm). Both types of implants were inserted in the femoral condyles of ten New Zealand white rabbits. After 12 weeks, histological and histomorphometric analysis was performed. All the implants were osseointegrated and no signs of infection were observed. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the bone–implant contact % (BIC) ratio was similar around the SLA™ implants (63.74 ± 13.61) than around the Nanoblast Plus™ implants (62.83 ± 9.91). Both implant surfaces demonstrated a favorable bone response, confirming the relevance of the sandblasted-etched surface on implant osseointegration.
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Valente MLC, Bolfarini C, de Oliveira DP, Dos Reis AC. Dental mini-implant designs to support overdentures: Development, biomechanical evaluation, and 3D digital image correlation. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 128:754-763. [PMID: 33640085 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Custom mini-implants are needed for edentulous patients with extensive mandibular deficiencies where endosteal placement is not possible. However, the best design for these mini-implants is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to develop 2 dental mini-implant designs to support mandibular overdentures and evaluate the effect of their geometries on primary stability and stress distribution. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two mini-implant designs were developed with changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of threads and chamfers. The experimental mini-implants were made of Grade V titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), (Ø2.0×10 mm) and submitted to a nanoscale surface treatment. Thirty mini-implants (n=10) were placed into fresh swine bones: experimental-threaded, experimental-helical, and a commercially available product model (Intra-Lock System) as the control. The biomechanical evaluations of the experimental mini-implants were compared with those of the control in terms of primary stability, through insertion torque (IT), and with the pullout test. The analysis of stress distribution was performed by using the method of 3D digital image correlation under 250-N axial load and 100-N oblique (30-degree angled model) load. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS The IT and pullout test presented a statistically significant difference for all mini-implants (P<.05), with higher IT for the experimental-threaded and maximum pullout force for the control, followed by threaded (P=.001) and helical (P=.001). Regarding the 3D digital image correlation, a lower incidence of stress was found in the cervical third for all mini-implants. No statistically significant differences were found between the designs evaluated (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Comparing the experimental mini-implants with the commercially available control, the experimental-threaded model presented greater primary stability, and all mini-implants showed less stress in the cervical third.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L C Valente
- Posdoctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudemiro Bolfarini
- Full Professor, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, (UFScar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego P de Oliveira
- Post-doctor, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, (UFScar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa C Dos Reis
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nicolas-Silvente AI, Velasco-Ortega E, Ortiz-Garcia I, Jimenez-Guerra A, Monsalve-Guil L, Ayuso-Montero R, Gil J, Lopez-Lopez J. Influence of Connection Type and Platform Diameter on Titanium Dental Implants Fatigue: Non-Axial Loading Cyclic Test Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238988. [PMID: 33276652 PMCID: PMC7730231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two-pieces dental implants must provide stability of the implant-abutment-interface. The connection type and platform diameter could influence the biomechanical resistance and stress distribution. This study aims to evaluate the fatigue for different types of connections, external and internal, and different platform diameters. Three implant designs with the same length were used: (a) external hexagon/narrow platform; (b) internal double hexagon/narrow platform; (c) internal octagon/regular platform. A fatigue test was developed to establish the number of cycles needed before fracture. A 30º oblique load with a sinusoidal function of fatigue at a frequency of 15 Hz and 10% stress variation was applied to each system. The fatigue load limit (FLL) for design (a) was 190 N, being the nominal-curvature-moment (NCM) = 1.045; FLL = 150 N, with a NCM = 0.825 for (b), and FLL = 325 N, with a NCM = 1.788 for (c). The platform diameter affects the FLL, obtaining lower FLL on a narrow platform. The connection type interferes with the implant walls’ width, especially in narrow implants, making internal connections more unstable at this level. Long-term clinical studies to assess the restoration’s success rate and survival are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Nicolas-Silvente
- Periodontal and Implant Surgery, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (A.J.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Ortiz-Garcia
- Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (A.J.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | - Alvaro Jimenez-Guerra
- Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (A.J.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | - Loreto Monsalve-Guil
- Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (A.J.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | | | - Javier Gil
- Chairman of Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jose Lopez-Lopez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Service of the Medical-Surgical Area of Dentistry Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
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Corrosion Resistance and Ion Release of Dental Prosthesis of CoCr Obtained by CAD-CAM Milling, Casting and Laser Sintering. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion resistance and ion release behavior have been evaluated for thirty dental restoration samples obtained by three different manufacturing systems: computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM), traditional casting and laser sintering. The alloy used was the CoCr alloy (same batch) generally used in clinical dentistry. Corrosion resistance has been evaluated by electrochemical testing in an artificial saliva medium at 37 °C. Corrosion parameters such as critical current density (icr), corrosion potential (Ecorr), and passive current density (ip), have been determined. Cobalt and Chromium ions released from the different samples have also been analyzed in an artificial saliva medium at 37 °C by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) at different immersion times. The casted samples showed higher corrosion rates and ion-release levels. The CAD-CAM milled samples presented lower ion-release levels and better corrosion resistance due to the total solubility of the chemical elements in only one phase with the same chemical composition. This homogeneity avoids the formation of electrochemical corrosion. Moreover, the absence of defects and residual stresses increases the corrosion resistance. Casted and laser sintered prostheses have shown the presence of Cr, W, and Nb rich-precipitates which are detrimental to the corrosion resistance. These precipitates produce a decrease in the Cr content on the surface. It is well known that the corrosion resistance increases with the Cr content by the formation of Chromium oxide on the surface that increases passivation. Consequently, the decrease in Cr induces an increase in corrosion and ion release.
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Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Treatment with Dental Implants with Acid Etched Surface. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071553. [PMID: 32230917 PMCID: PMC7177283 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Implant dentistry constitutes a therapeutic modality in the prosthodontic treatment of partially and totally edentulous patients. This study reports a long-term evaluation of treatment by the early loading of acid-etched surface implants. Forty-eight partially and totally edentulous patients were treated with 169 TSA Defcon® acid-etched surface implants for prosthodontic rehabilitation. Implants were loaded after a healing free-loading period of 6–8 weeks in mandible and maxilla, respectively. Implant and prosthodontic clinical findings were followed during at least 17 years. Clinical results indicate a survival and success rate of implants of 92.9%, demonstrating that acid-etched surface achieves and maintains successful osseointegration. Five implants in three patients were lost during the healing period. Sixty-five prostheses were placed in 45 patients over the remaining 164 implants, 30 single crowns, 21 partially fixed bridges, 9 overdentures, and 5 full-arch fixed rehabilitations. A total of 12 implants were lost during the follow-up period. Mean marginal bone loss was 1.91 ± 1.24 mm, ranging from 1.1 to 3.6 mm. The most frequent complication was prosthetic technical complications (14.2%), followed by peri-implantitis (10.6%). The mean follow-up was of 214.4 months (208–228 months). Prosthodontic rehabilitation with an early-loading protocol over acid-etched surface implants is a successful implant treatment.
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Mechanical Assessment of Fatigue Characteristics between Single- and Multi-Directional Cyclic Loading Modes on a Dental Implant System. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071545. [PMID: 32230822 PMCID: PMC7177857 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical testing based on ISO 14801 standard is generally used to evaluate the performance of the dental implant system according to material and design changes. However, the test method is difficult to reflect on the clinical environment because the ISO 14801 standard does not take into account the various loads from different directions during chewing motion. In addition, the fracture pattern of the implant system can occur both in the horizontal and the vertical directions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare fatigue characteristics and fracture patterns between single directional loading conditions based on the ISO 14801 standard and multi-directional loading condition. Firstly, the static test was performed on five specimens to derive the fatigue load, and the fatigue load was chosen as 40% of the maximum load measured in the static test. Subsequently, the fatigue test was performed considering the single axial/occlusal (AO), AO with facial/lingual (AOFL) and AO with mesial/distal (AOMD) directions, and five specimens were used for each fatigue loading modes. In order to analyze the fatigue characteristics, the fatigue cycle at the time of specimen fracture and displacement change of the specimen every 500 cycles were measured. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to analyze the fracture patterns and the fracture surface. Compared to the AO group, the fatigue cycle of the AOFL and AOMD groups showed lower about five times, while the displacement gradually increased with every 500 cycles. From FE-SEM results, there were no different surface morphology characteristics among three groups. However, the AOMD group showed a vertical slip band. Therefore, our results suggest that the multi-directional loading mode under the worst-case environment can reproduce the vertical fracture pattern in the clinical situation and may be essential to reflect on the dental implant design including connection types and surface treatments.
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Li C, Yang Y, Yang L, Shi Z, Yang P, Cheng G. In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility of Bio-Inspired Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Surfaces Modified by Combined Laser Micro/Nano Structuring. Molecules 2020; 25:E1494. [PMID: 32218344 PMCID: PMC7180722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactivity and biocompatibility play key roles in the success of dental and orthopaedic implants. Although most commercial implant systems use various surface microstructures, the ideal multi-scale topographies capable of controlling osteointegration have not yielded conclusive results. Inspired by both the isotropic adhesion of the skin structures in tree frog toe pads and the anisotropic adhesion of the corrugated ridges on the scales of Morpho butterfly wings, composite micro/nano-structures, including the array of micro-hexagons and oriented nano-ripples on titanium alloy implants, were respectively fabricated by microsecond laser direct writing and femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures, to improve cell adherence, alignment and proliferation on implants. The main differences in both the bioactivity in simulated body fluid and the biocompatibility in osteoblastic cell MC3T3 proliferation were measured and analyzed among Ti-6Al-4V samples with smooth surface, micro-hexagons and composite micro/nano-structures, respectively. Of note, bioinspired micro/nano-structures displayed the best bioactivity and biocompatibility after in vitro experiments, and meanwhile, the nano-ripples were able to induce cellular alignment within the micro-hexagons. The reasons for these differences were found in the topographical cues. An innovative functionalization strategy of controlling the osteointegration on titanium alloy implants is proposed using the composite micro/nano-structures, which is meaningful in various regenerative medicine applications and implant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (L.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, CAS, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Lijun Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (L.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhen Shi
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (L.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Guanghua Cheng
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
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Nicolas-Silvente AI, Velasco-Ortega E, Ortiz-Garcia I, Monsalve-Guil L, Gil J, Jimenez-Guerra A. Influence of the Titanium Implant Surface Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Chemical Composition. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020314. [PMID: 31936686 PMCID: PMC7014346 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The implant surface features affect the osseointegration process. Different surface treatment methods have been applied to improve the surface topography and properties. Trace of different elements may appear on the implant surface, which can modify surface properties and may affect the body’s response. The aim was to evaluate the roughness based on the surface treatment received and the amount and type of trace elements found. Ninety implants (nine different surface treatment) were evaluated. Roughness parameters were measured using white-light-interferometry (WLI). The arithmetical mean for Ra, Rq, Rt, and Rz of each implant system was calculated, and Fisher’s exact test was applied, obtaining Ra values between 0.79 and 2.89 µm. Surface chemical composition was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at two times: as received by the manufacturer (AR) and after sputter-cleaning (SC). Traces of several elements were found in all groups, decreasing in favor of the Ti concentration after the sputter-cleaning. Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that the surface treatment influences the roughness and the average percentage of the trace elements on the implant surface. The cleaning process at the implant surface should be improved by the manufacturer before assembling the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Nicolas-Silvente
- Associate Professor of Restorative Dentistry, Professor of Master in Mucogingival, Periodontal and Implant Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Director of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Ortiz-Garcia
- Associate Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Professor of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Loreto Monsalve-Guil
- Associate Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Professor of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Javier Gil
- Chairman of Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Alvaro Jimenez-Guerra
- Associate Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Professor of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
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Delgado-Ruiz RA, Calvo-Guirado JL, Romanos GE. Effects of occlusal forces on the peri-implant-bone interface stability. Periodontol 2000 2019; 81:179-193. [PMID: 31407438 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The occlusal forces and their influence on the initiation of peri-implant bone loss or their relationship with peri-implantitis have created discussion during the past 30 years given the discrepancies observed in clinical, animal, and finite element analysis studies. Beyond these contradictions, in the case of an osseointegrated implant, the occlusal forces can influence the implant-bone interface and the cells responsible for the bone remodeling in different ways that may result in the maintenance or loss of the osseointegration. This comprehensive review focuses on the information available about the forces transmitted through the implant-crown system to the implant-bone interface and the mechano-transduction phenomena responsible for the bone cells' behavior and their interactions. Knowledge of the basic molecular biology of the peri-implant bone would help clinicians to understand the complex phenomenon of occlusal forces and their effects on the implant-bone interface, and would allow better control of the negative effects of mechanical stresses, leading to therapy with fewer risks and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arcesio Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jose Luis Calvo-Guirado
- International Dentistry Research Cathedra, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Catolica San Antonio De Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Comparison between Sandblasted Acid-Etched and Oxidized Titanium Dental Implants: In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133267. [PMID: 31277204 PMCID: PMC6651692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface modifications of titanium dental implants play important roles in the enhancement of osseointegration. The objective of the present study was to test two different implant surface treatments on a rabbit model to investigate the osseointegration. The tested surfaces were: a) acid-etched surface with sandblasting treatment (SA) and b) an oxidized implant surface (OS). The roughness was measured by an interferometeric microscope with white light and the residual stress of the surfaces was measured with X-ray residual stress Bragg–Bentano diffraction. Six New Zealand white rabbits were used for the in vivo study. Implants with the two different surfaces (SA and OS) were inserted in the femoral bone. After 12 weeks of implantation, histological and histomorphometric analyses of the blocks containing the implants and the surrounding bone were performed. All the implants were correctly implanted and no signs of infection were observed. SA and OS surfaces were both surrounded by newly formed trabeculae. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the bone–implant contact % (BIC) was higher around the SA implants (53.49 ± 8.46) than around the OS implants (50.94 ± 16.42), although there were no significant statistical differences among them. Both implant surfaces (SA and OS) demonstrated a good bone response with significant amounts of newly formed bone along the implant surface after 12 weeks of implantation. These results confirmed the importance of the topography and physico–chemical properties of dental implants in the osseointegration.
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Kwon TK, Choi JY, Park JI, Yeo ISL. A Clue to the Existence of Bonding between Bone and Implant Surface: An In Vivo Study. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071187. [PMID: 30978949 PMCID: PMC6480270 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the shear bond strength of bone–implant contact, or osseointegration, in the rabbit tibia model, and compared the strength between grades 2 and 4 of commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti). A total of 13 grades 2 and 4 cp-Ti implants were used, which had an identical cylinder shape and surface topography. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and confocal laser microscopy were used for surface analysis. Four grades 2 and 4 cp-Ti implants were inserted into the rabbit tibiae with complete randomization. After six weeks of healing, the experimental animals were sacrificed and the implants were removed en bloc with the surrounding bone. The bone–implant interfaces were three-dimensionally imaged with micro-computed tomography. Using these images, the bone–implant contact area was measured. Counterclockwise rotation force was applied to the implants for the measurement of removal torque values. Shear bond strength was calculated from the measured bone–implant contact and removal torque data. The t-tests were used to compare the outcome measures between the groups, and statistical significance was evaluated at the 0.05 level. Surface analysis showed that grades 2 and 4 cp-Ti implants have similar topographic features. We found no significant difference in the three-dimensional bone–implant contact area between these two implants. However, grade 2 cp-Ti implants had a higher shear bond strength than grade 4 cp-Ti implants (p = 0.032). The surfaces of the grade 2 cp-Ti implants were similar to those of the grade 4 implants in terms of physical characteristics and the quantitative amount of attachment to the bone, whereas the grade 2 surfaces were stronger than the grade 4 surfaces in the bone–surface interaction, indicating osseointegration quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek-Ka Kwon
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, St. Catholic Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Korea.
| | - Jung-Yoo Choi
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Maiborodin IV, Shevela AA, Toder MS, Shevela AI. [Current trends of the choice and processing of materials for dental implantation]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2018; 97:68-76. [PMID: 30199073 DOI: 10.17116/stomat20189704168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For assessment of the modern situation about the choice of materials for manufacture of dental implants and the processing of their surface the scientific literature for the last 2 years was study. On the basis of a large number of contradictory results of the researches devoted to each of dental implantation problems it is possible to draw a conclusion that any of primal problems of implantology is finally not solved. There is no unique opinion at the choice of optimum material for manufacture of dental implants, at the way of processing and modification of their surface. The problem of improvement of quality of dental implantation and fight against complications of this procedure cannot be solved simple drawing other substances on the implanted material surface, this task more easily and more successfully is solved via changes of product structure and various modification of implant surface. Up to the present the researches of an opportunity to influence on characteristics of the implanted materials, changing their structure and character of a surface, continue. And the publications reporting about the considerable positive effect of artificially created roughnesses on product surfaces, and the articles claiming that there are no big differences between the rough and polished implants are confirmed by objective measurements with statistical processing of the obtained data. It should be noted that among articles there are very many works of the doubtful plan or with insufficiently valid conclusions. This review leads to the conclusion that further clinical and experimental studies and about the choice of materials for manufacture of implants and at the ways of processing of their surface are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Maiborodin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Shevela
- International Center of Implantology of iDent, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M S Toder
- International Center of Implantology of iDent, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A I Shevela
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Dong Y, Ye H, Liu Y, Xu L, Wu Z, Hu X, Ma J, Pathak JL, Liu J, Wu G. pH dependent silver nanoparticles releasing titanium implant: A novel therapeutic approach to control peri-implant infection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:127-136. [PMID: 28688362 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implant infection control is crucial for implant fixation and durability. Antimicrobial administration approaches to control peri-implant infection are far from satisfactory. During bacterial infection, pH level around the peri-implant surface decreases as low as pH 5.5. This change of pH can be used as a switch to control antimicrobial drug release from the implant surface. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. In this study, we aimed to design a pH-dependent AgNPs releasing titania nanotube arrays (TNT) implant for peri-implant infection control. The nanotube arrays were fabricated on the surface of titanium implant as containers; AgNPs were grafted on TNT implant surface via a low pH-sensitive acetal linker (TNT-AL-AgNPs). SEM, TEM, AFM, FTIR as well as XPS data showed that AgNPs have been successfully linked to TNT via acetal linker without affecting the physicochemical characteristics of TNT. The pH 5.5 enhanced AgNPs release from TNT-AL-AgNPs implant compared with pH 7.4. AgNPs released at pH 5.5 robustly increased antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared with AgNPs released at pH 7.4. TNT-AL-AgNPs implant enhanced osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and did not affect osteoblast morphology in vitro. In conclusion, incorporation of AgNPs in TNT via acetal linker maintained the surface characteristics of TNT. TNT-AL-AgNPs implant was biocompatible to osteoblasts and showed osteoinductive properties. AgNPs were released from TNT-AL-AgNPs implant in high dose at pH 5.5, and this release showed strong antimicrobial properties in vitro. Therefore, this novel design of low pH-triggered AgNPs releasing TNT-AL-AgNPs could be an infection-triggered antimicrobial releasing implant model to control peri-implant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Dong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE, VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE, VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lihua Xu
- General Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuosu Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE, VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Effects of Local and Systemic Zoledronic Acid Application on Titanium Implant Osseointegration. J Craniofac Surg 2017; 28:935-938. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000003568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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