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Sheikhrobat SB, Mahmoudvand S, Kazemipour-Khabbazi S, Ramezannia Z, Baghi HB, Shokri S. Understanding lactate in the development of Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:31. [PMID: 39010155 PMCID: PMC11247867 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus that can establish a persistent and chronic infection in humans. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is associated with an increased risk of hepatic decompensation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lactate level, as the end product of glycolysis, plays a substantial role in metabolism beyond energy production. Emerging studies indicate that lactate is linked to patient mortality rates, and HBV increases overall glucose consumption and lactate production in hepatocytes. Excessive lactate plays a role in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell function, autophagy, and epigenetic reprogramming. The purpose of this review is to gather and summarize the existing knowledge of the lactate's functions in the dysregulation of the immune system, which can play a crucial role in the development of HBV-related HCC. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that lactate with intriguing functions can be considered an immunomodulatory metabolite in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Behzadi Sheikhrobat
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salva Kazemipour-Khabbazi
- Department of English Language and Persian Literature, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ramezannia
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Shokri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Zhou Y, Cao Y, Liu W, Wang L, Kuang Y, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Cheng Z, Huang H, Zhang W, Jiang X, Wang B, Ren C. Leveraging a gene signature associated with disulfidptosis identified by machine learning to forecast clinical outcomes, immunological heterogeneities, and potential therapeutic targets within lower-grade glioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294459. [PMID: 38162649 PMCID: PMC10757341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Disulfidptosis, a newly defined type of programmed cell death, has emerged as a significant regulatory process in the development and advancement of malignant tumors, such as lower-grade glioma (LGG). Nevertheless, the precise biological mechanisms behind disulfidptosis in LGG are yet to be revealed, considering the limited research conducted in this field. Methods We obtained LGG data from the TCGA and CGGA databases and performed comprehensive weighted co-expression network analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, and transcriptome differential expression analyses. We discovered nine genes associated with disulfidptosis by employing machine learning methods like Cox regression, LASSO regression, and SVM-RFE. These were later used to build a predictive model for patients with LGG. To confirm the expression level, functional role, and impact on disulfidptosis of ABI3, the pivotal gene of the model, validation experiments were carried out in vitro. Results The developed prognostic model successfully categorized LGG patients into two distinct risk groups: high and low. There was a noticeable difference in the time the groups survived, which was statistically significant. The model's predictive accuracy was substantiated through two independent external validation cohorts. Additional evaluations of the immune microenvironment and the potential for immunotherapy indicated that this risk classification could function as a practical roadmap for LGG treatment using immune-based therapies. Cellular experiments demonstrated that suppressing the crucial ABI3 gene in the predictive model significantly reduced the migratory and invasive abilities of both SHG44 and U251 cell lines while also triggering cytoskeletal retraction and increased cell pseudopodia. Conclusion The research suggests that the prognostic pattern relying on genes linked to disulfidptosis can provide valuable insights into the clinical outcomes, tumor characteristics, and immune alterations in patients with LGG. This could pave the way for early interventions and suggests that ABI3 might be a potential therapeutic target for disulfidptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yudong Cao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yirui Kuang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeyu Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haoxuan Huang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wu J, Wang X, Zhang M, Mathews P, Kang Y. RXR Agonists Enhance Lenalidomide Anti-Myeloma Activity and T Cell Functions while Retaining Glucose-Lowering Effect. Cells 2023; 12:1993. [PMID: 37566072 PMCID: PMC10417536 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimerizes with the PPAR nuclear hormone receptor and regulates its downstream events. We investigated the effects of RXR agonists (LG100754, bexarotene, AGN194204, and LG101506) on lenalidomide's anti-myeloma activity, T cell functions, and the level of glucose and lipids in vivo. Genetic overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments were conducted in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and Jurkat T cell lines to determine the roles of CRBN in RXR-agonist mediated effects. A xenograft mouse model of MM was established to determine the combination effect of LG100754 and lenalidomide. The combination of RXR agonists and lenalidomide demonstrated synergistic activity in increasing CRBN expression and killing myeloma cells. Mechanistically, the RXR agonists reduced the binding of PPARs to the CRBN promoter, thereby relieving the repressor effect of PPARs on CRBN transcription. RXR agonists downregulated the exhaustion markers and increased the activation markers of Jurkat T cells and primary human T cells. Co-administration of LG100754 and lenalidomide showed enhanced anti-tumor activity in vivo. LG100754 retained its glucose- and lipid-lowering effects. RXR agonists demonstrate potential utility in enhancing drug sensitivity and T-cell function in the treatment of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.W.); (X.W.)
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TNFR2 antagonistic antibody induces the death of tumor infiltrating CD4 +Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:167-177. [PMID: 36369606 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNFR2 expression is a characteristic of highly potent immunosuppressive tumor infiltrating CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). There is compelling evidence that TNF through TNFR2 preferentially stimulates the activation and expansion of Tregs. We and others, therefore, proposed that targeting TNFR2 may provide a novel strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Several studies have shown the effect of TNFR2 antagonistic antibodies in different tumor models. However, the exact action of the TNFR2 antibody on Tregs remained understood. METHOD TY101, an anti-murine TNFR2 antibody, was used to examine the effect of TNFR2 blockade on Treg proliferation and viability in vitro. The role of TNFR2 on Treg viability was further validated by TNFR2 knockout mice and in the TY101 antagonistic antibody-treated mouse tumor model. RESULTS In this study, we found that an anti-mouse TNFR2 antibody TY101 could inhibit TNF-induced proliferative expansion of Tregs, indicative of an antagonistic property. To examine the effect of TY101 antagonistic antibody on Treg viability, we treated unfractionated lymph node (L.N.) cells with Dexamethasone (Dex) which was known to induce T cell death. The result showed that TY101 antagonistic antibody treatment further promoted Treg death in the presence of Dex. This led us to find that TNFR2 expression was crucial for the survival of Tregs. In the mouse EG7 lymphoma model, treatment with TY101 antagonistic antibody potently inhibited tumor growth, resulting in complete regression of the tumor in 60% of mice. The treatment with TY101 antagonistic antibody elicited potent antitumor immune responses in this model, accompanied by enhanced death of Tregs. CONCLUSION This study, therefore, provides clear experimental evidence that TNFR2 antagonistic antibody, TY101, can promote the death of Tregs, and this effect may be attributable to the antitumor effect of TNFR2 antagonistic antibody.
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Tu B, Gao Y, Sun F, Shi M, Huang Y. Lipid Metabolism Regulation Based on Nanotechnology for Enhancement of Tumor Immunity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:840440. [PMID: 35392570 PMCID: PMC8980325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.840440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of cancer include dysregulated metabolism and immune evasion. As a basic way of metabolism, lipid metabolism is reprogrammed for the rapid energy and nutrient supply in the occurrence and development of tumors. Lipid metabolism alterations that occur in the tumor microenvironment (TME) affect the antitumor responses of immune cells and cause immune evasion. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism in the TME for enhancing the antitumor effect of immune cells is a promising direction for cancer treatment. Cancer nanomedicine has great potential in regulating tumor metabolism and tumor immunity. This review summarizes the nanotechnology-based strategies for lipid metabolism regulation in the TME for enhanced anticancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai, China.,School of Advanced Study, Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Hypoxia Enhances HIF1α Transcription Activity by Upregulating KDM4A and Mediating H3K9me3, Thus Inducing Ferroptosis Resistance in Cervical Cancer Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1608806. [PMID: 35287356 PMCID: PMC8917951 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1608806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cervical cancer (CC) is a prevalent cancer in women. Hypoxia plays a critical role in CC cell ferroptosis resistance. This study explored the mechanism of hypoxia in CC cell ferroptosis resistance by regulating HIF1α/KDM4A/H3K9me3. Methods Cultured SiHa and Hela cells were exposed to CoCl2 and treated with Erastin. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay, and concentrations of iron ion, MDA and GSH were determined using corresponding kits. Expressions of KDM4A, HIF1α, TfR1, DMT1, and H3k9me3 were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ChIP assay. The correlation of KDM4A and HIF1α was analyzed on Oncomine, UALCAN, and Starbase. CC cells were co-transfected with shKDM4A or/and pcDNA3.1-HIF1α. Iron uptake and release were assessed using the isotopic tracer method. The binding relationship between HIF1α and HRE sequence was verified by dual-luciferase assay. Results Cell viability and GSH were decreased while iron concentration, MDA, KDM4A, and HIF1α levels were increased in hypoxia conditions. The 2-h hypoxia induced ferroptosis resistance. KDM4A and HIF1α were highly-expressed in CC tissues and positively correlated with each other. KDM4A knockdown attenuated cell resistance to Erastin, increased H3K9me3 level in the HIF1α promoter region, and downregulated HIF1α transcription and translation. H3K9me3 level was increased in the HIF1α promoter after hypoxia. HIF1α overexpression abrogated the function of KDM4A knockdown on ferroptosis in hypoxia conditions. Iron uptake/release and TfR1/DMT1 levels were increased after hypoxia. Hypoxia activated HRE sequence in TfR1 and DMT1 promoters. Conclusion Hypoxia upregulated KDM4A, enhanced HIF1α transcription, and activated HRE sequence in TfR1 and DMT1 promoters via H3K9me3, thus inducing ferroptosis resistance in CC cells.
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Worsley CM, Veale RB, Mayne ES. The acidic tumour microenvironment: Manipulating the immune response to elicit escape. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:399-408. [PMID: 35216847 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The success of cancer treatment relies on the composition of the tumour microenvironment which is comprised of tumour cells, blood vessels, stromal cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components. Barriers to effective cancer treatment need to be overcome, and the acidic microenvironment of the tumour provides a key target for treatment. This review intends to provide an overview of the effects that low extracellular pH has on components of the tumour microenvironment and how they contribute to immune escape. Further, potential therapeutic targets will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Worsley
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.
| | - Rob B Veale
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S Mayne
- Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Department of Immunology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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8
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Li XY, You JX, Zhang LY, Su LX, Yang XT. A Novel Model Based on Necroptosis-Related Genes for Predicting Prognosis of Patients With Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:814813. [PMID: 35111740 PMCID: PMC8802148 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.814813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Necroptosis is a newly recognized form of cell death. Here, we applied bioinformatics tools to identify necroptosis-related genes using a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, then constructed a model for prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. Methods: RNA sequence (RNA‐seq) data and clinical information for Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) patients were obtained from the TCGA portal (http://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/tcga/). We performed comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to identify hub genes as potential prognostic biomarkers in PRAD u followed by establishment and validation of a prognostic model. Next, we assessed the overall prediction performance of the model using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under curve (AUC) of the ROC. Results: A total of 5 necroptosis-related genes, namely ALOX15, BCL2, IFNA1, PYGL and TLR3, were used to construct a survival prognostic model. The model exhibited excellent performance in the TCGA cohort and validation group and had good prediction accuracy in screening out high-risk prostate cancer patients. Conclusion: We successfully identified necroptosis-related genes and constructed a prognostic model that can accurately predict 1- 3-and 5-years overall survival (OS) rates of PRAD patients. Our riskscore model has provided novel strategy for the prediction of PRAD patients’ prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Interventional Radiotherapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Xiong You
- Department of Interventional Radiotherapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Yu Zhang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Xin Su
- Department of Interventional Radiotherapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Tao Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiotherapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cao L, Huang T, Chen X, Li W, Yang X, Zhang W, Li M, Gao R. Uncovering the interplay between pH receptors and immune cells: Potential drug targets (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:228. [PMID: 34476504 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular acidosis is associated with various immunopathological states. The microenvironment of numerous solid tumours and inflammatory responses during acute or chronic infection are all related to a pH range of 5.5‑7.0. The relationship between inflammation and immune escape, cancer metabolism, and immunologic suppression drives researchers to focus on the effects of low pH on diverse components of disease immune monitoring. The potential effect of low extracellular pH on the immune function reveals the importance of pH in inflammatory and immunoreactive processes. In this review, the mechanism of how pH receptors, including monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), Na+/H+ exchanger 1, carbonic anhydrases (CAs), vacuolar‑ATPase, and proton‑sensing G‑protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), modulate the immune system in disease, especially in cancer, were studied. Their role in immunocyte growth and signal transduction as part of the immune response, as well as cytokine production, have been documented in great detail. Currently, immunotherapy strategies have positive therapeutic effects for patients. However, the acidic microenvironment may block the effect of immunotherapy through compensatory feedback mechanisms, leading to drug resistance. Therefore, we highlight promising therapeutic developments regarding pH manipulation and provide a framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Tianqiao Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Weisha Li
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xingjiu Yang
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Ran Gao
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Hijacked Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosuppression and Cues to Improve T Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115736. [PMID: 34072260 PMCID: PMC8199456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been expanding in recent years in the context of interactions among different cell types, through direct cell–cell communication as well as through soluble factors. It has become evident that the development of a successful antitumor response depends on several TME factors. In this context, the number, type, and subsets of immune cells, as well as the functionality, memory, and exhaustion state of leukocytes are key factors of the TME. Both the presence and functionality of immune cells, in particular T cells, are regulated by cellular and soluble factors of the TME. In this regard, one fundamental reason for failure of antitumor responses is hijacked immune cells, which contribute to the immunosuppressive TME in multiple ways. Specifically, reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolites, and anti-inflammatory cytokines have central roles in generating an immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we focused on recent developments in the immune cell constituents of the TME, and the micromilieu control of antitumor responses. Furthermore, we highlighted the current challenges of T cell-based immunotherapies and potential future strategies to consider for strengthening their effectiveness.
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He S, Cai T, Yuan J, Zheng X, Yang W. Lipid Metabolism in Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:149-167. [PMID: 33740249 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells recognize "foreign" antigens and induce durable humoral and cellular immune responses, which are indispensable for defending pathogens, as well as maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of tissues and organs. T cells are the major immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment which play a critical role in the antitumor immune response and cancer immune surveillance. Defective immune response of tumor-infiltrating T cells is the main cause of cancer immune evasion. The antitumor response of T cells is affected by multiple factors in the tumor microenvironment, including immunosuppressive cells, immune inhibitory cytokines, tumor-derived suppressive signals like PD-L1, immnuogenicity of tumor cells, as well as metabolic factors like hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Abundant studies in past decades have proved the metabolic regulations of the immune response of T cells and the tumor-infiltrating T cells. In this chapter, we will discuss the regulations of the antitumor response of tumor-infiltrating T cells by lipid metabolism, which is one of the main components of metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwen He
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gil-de-Gómez L, Balgoma D, Montero O. Lipidomic-Based Advances in Diagnosis and Modulation of Immune Response to Cancer. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080332. [PMID: 32824009 PMCID: PMC7465074 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While immunotherapies for diverse types of cancer are effective in many cases, relapse is still a lingering problem. Like tumor cells, activated immune cells have an anabolic metabolic profile, relying on glycolysis and the increased uptake and synthesis of fatty acids. In contrast, immature antigen-presenting cells, as well as anergic and exhausted T-cells have a catabolic metabolic profile that uses oxidative phosphorylation to provide energy for cellular processes. One goal for enhancing current immunotherapies is to identify metabolic pathways supporting the immune response to tumor antigens. A robust cell expansion and an active modulation via immune checkpoints and cytokine release are required for effective immunity. Lipids, as one of the main components of the cell membrane, are the key regulators of cell signaling and proliferation. Therefore, lipid metabolism reprogramming may impact proliferation and generate dysfunctional immune cells promoting tumor growth. Based on lipid-driven signatures, the discrimination between responsiveness and tolerance to tumor cells will support the development of accurate biomarkers and the identification of potential therapeutic targets. These findings may improve existing immunotherapies and ultimately prevent immune escape in patients for whom existing treatments have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gil-de-Gómez
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Center, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - David Balgoma
- Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husarg. 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Boecillo’s Technological Park Bureau, Av. Francisco Vallés 8, 47151 Boecillo, Spain;
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Xin K, Sun J, Liu P, Ge J, Leng C, Pang F. Expression and significance of HMGB1 in patients with sepsis and effects on prognosis. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1734671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keke Xin
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junli Sun
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Ge
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Leng
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Pang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, People's Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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