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Mottet C, Caddoux L, Fontaine S, Plantamp C, Bass C, Barrès B. Myzus persicae resistance to neonicotinoids-unravelling the contribution of different mechanisms to phenotype. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39041680 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance is key to devising appropriate strategies against this economically important trait. Myzus persicae, the green peach-potato aphid, is a major pest that has evolved resistance to many insecticide classes, including neonicotinoids. M. persicae resistance to neonicotinoids has previously been shown to result from two main mechanisms: metabolic resistance resulting from P450 overexpression and a targetsite mutation, R81T. However, their respective contribution to resistant phenotypes remains unclear. RESULTS By combining extensive insecticide bioassays with and without addition of the synergist PBO, and gene copy number and expression quantification of two key P450 enzymes (CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4) in a 23 clone collection, we, (i) confirmed that metabolic resistance is correlated with P450 expression level, up to a threshold, (ii) demonstrated that the R81T mutation, in the homozygous state and in combination with P450 overexpression, leads to high levels of resistance to neonicotinoids, and, (iii) showed that there is a synergistic interaction between the P450 and R81T mechanisms, and that this interaction has the strongest impact on the strength of resistance phenotypes. However, even though the R81T mutation has a great effect on the resistance phenotype, different R81T genotypes can exhibit variation in the level of resistance, explained only partially by P450 overexpression. CONCLUSION To comprehend resistance phenotypes, it is important to take into account every mechanism at play, as well as the way these mechanisms interact. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mottet
- Université de Lyon, Anses, INRAE, USC CASPER, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Benoît Barrès
- Université de Lyon, Anses, INRAE, USC CASPER, Lyon, France
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Amezian D, Fricaux T, de Sousa G, Maiwald F, Huditz HI, Nauen R, Le Goff G. Investigating the role of the ROS/CncC signaling pathway in the response to xenobiotics in Spodoptera frugiperda using Sf9 cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105563. [PMID: 37666619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm, FAW) is an invasive polyphagous lepidopteran pest that has developed sophisticated resistance mechanisms involving detoxification enzymes to eliminate toxic compounds it encounters in its diet including insecticides. Although its inventory of detoxification enzymes is known, the mechanisms that enable an adapted response depending on the toxic compound remain largely unexplored. Sf9 cells were used to investigate the role of the transcription factors, Cap n' collar isoform C (CncC) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (Maf) in the regulation of the detoxification response. We overexpressed CncC, Maf or both genes, and knocked out (KO) CncC or its repressor Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1). Joint overexpression of CncC and Maf is required to confer increased tolerance to indole 3-carbinol (I3C), a plant secondary metabolite, and to methoprene, an insecticide. Both molecules induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) pulses in the different cell lines. The use of an antioxidant reversed ROS pulses and restored the tolerance to I3C and methoprene. The activity of detoxification enzymes varied according to the cell line. Suppression of Keap1 significantly increased the activity of cytochrome P450s, carboxylesterases and glutathione S-transferases. RNAseq experiments showed that CncC mainly regulates the expression of detoxification genes but is also at the crossroads of several signaling pathways (reproduction and immunity) maintaining homeostasis. We present new data in Sf9 cell lines suggesting that the CncC:Maf pathway plays a central role in FAW response to natural and synthetic xenobiotics. This knowledge helps to better understand detoxification gene expression and may help to design next-generation pest insect control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Amezian
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Thierry Fricaux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Georges de Sousa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Frank Maiwald
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | - Gaëlle Le Goff
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis, France.
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Kirkland LS, Chirgwin E, Ward SE, Congdon BS, van Rooyen A, Umina PA. P450-mediated resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reduces the efficacy of neonicotinoid seed treatments in Brassica napus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1851-1859. [PMID: 36651838 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prophylactic use of seeds treated with neonicotinoid insecticides remains an important means of controlling aphid pests in canola (Brassica napus) crops in many countries. Yet, one of the most economically important aphid species worldwide, the peach potato aphid (Myzus persicae), has evolved mechanisms which confer resistance to neonicotinoids, including amplification of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6CY3. While CYP6CY3 amplification has been associated with low-level resistance to several neonicotinoids in laboratory acute toxicity bioassays, its impact on insecticide efficacy in the field remains unresolved. In this study, we investigated the impact of CYP6CY3 amplification on the ability of M. persicae to survive neonicotinoid exposure under laboratory and semi-field conditions. RESULTS Three M. persicae clones, possessing different copy numbers of CYP6CY3, were shown to respond differently when exposed to the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, in laboratory bioassays. Two clones, EastNaernup209 and Osborne171, displayed low levels of resistance (3-20-fold), which is consistent with previous studies. However, in a large-scale semi-field trial, both clones showed a surprising ability to survive and reproduce on B. napus seedlings grown from commercial rates of neonicotinoid-treated seed. In contrast, an insecticide-susceptible clone, of wild-type CYP6CY3 copy number, was unable to survive on seedlings treated in the same manner. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that amplification of CYP6CY3 in M. persicae clones substantially impairs the efficacy of neonicotinoid seed treatments when applied to B. napus. These findings highlight the potentially important real-world implications of resistances typically considered to be 'low level' as defined through laboratory bioassays. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin S Congdon
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, Australia
| | | | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Li K, Liu J, Geng Z, Xu W, Zhang Z, Chu D, Guo L. Resistance to dinotefuran in Bemisia tabaci in China: status and characteristics. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:833-844. [PMID: 36264629 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a serious agricultural pest worldwide. Neonicotinoids are the most important new class of synthetic insecticides used in the management of B. tabaci. However, B. tabaci populations have developed resistance to various active ingredients in neonicotinoids following long-term and widespread application. RESULTS Dinotefuran exhibited high toxicity against most B. tabaci field populations. One population (Din-R) with a high level of resistance to dinotefuran (255.6-fold) was first identified in the field. The Din-R population exhibited medium to high levels of resistance to all the tested neonicotinoid insecticides and a high level of resistance to spinetoram. Genetic inheritance analysis revealed that resistance to dinotefuran was incompletely recessive and polygenic. The synergist piperonyl butoxide significantly increased the toxicity of dinotefuran to Din-R. P450 activity in the Din-R population was 2.19-fold higher than in the susceptible population. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that 12 P450 genes were significantly upregulated in the Din-R population, of which CYP6DW5, CYP6JM1 and CYP306A1 were found to exhibit more than 3.00-fold higher expression in Din-R when using a reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of eight P450 genes was obviously induced by dinotefuran, and CYP6DW5 showed the highest expression level. After knockdown of CYP6DW5 in Din-R, the toxicity of dinotefuran increased significantly. CONCLUSION P450 had a crucial role in dinotefuran resistance in B. tabaci, and CYP6DW5 was involved in the resistance. These results provide important information for the management of resistance in B. tabaci and improve our understanding of the resistance mechanism of dinotefuran. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Liu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Geng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Katsavou E, Riga M, Ioannidis P, King R, Zimmer CT, Vontas J. Functionally characterized arthropod pest and pollinator cytochrome P450s associated with xenobiotic metabolism. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105005. [PMID: 35082029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 family (P450s) of arthropods includes diverse enzymes involved in endogenous essential physiological functions and in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, insecticides and plant allelochemicals. P450s can also establish insecticide selectivity in bees and pollinators. Several arthropod P450s, distributed in different phylogenetic groups, have been associated with xenobiotic metabolism, and some of them have been functionally characterized, using different in vitro and in vivo systems. The purpose of this review is to summarize scientific publications on arthropod P450s from major insect and mite agricultural pests, pollinators and Papilio sp, which have been functionally characterized and shown to metabolize xenobiotics and/or their role (direct or indirect) in pesticide toxicity or resistance has been functionally validated. The phylogenetic relationships among these P450s, the functional systems employed for their characterization and their xenobiotic catalytic properties are presented, in a systematic approach, including critical aspects and limitations. The potential of the primary P450-based metabolic pathway of target and non-target organisms for the development of highly selective insecticides and resistance-breaking formulations may help to improve the efficiency and sustainability of pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Katsavou
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Rob King
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH4332, Switzerland
| | - John Vontas
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Troczka BJ, Singh KS, Zimmer CT, Vontas J, Nauen R, Hayward A, Bass C. Molecular innovations underlying resistance to nicotine and neonicotinoids in the aphid Myzus persicae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5311-5320. [PMID: 34270160 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a globally distributed highly damaging crop pest. This species has demonstrated an exceptional ability to evolve resistance to both synthetic insecticides used for control, and natural insecticides produced by certain plants as a chemical defense against insect attack. Here we review work characterizing the evolution of resistance in M. persicae to the natural insecticide nicotine and the structurally related class of synthetic neonicotinoid insecticides. We outline how research on this topic has provided insights into long-standing questions of both evolutionary and applied importance. These include questions pertaining to the origins of novel traits, the number and nature of mutational events or 'adaptive steps' underlying the evolution of new phenotypes, and whether host plant adaptations can be co-opted to confer resistance to synthetic insecticides. Finally, research on the molecular mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance in M. persicae has generated several outstanding questions on the genetic architecture of resistance to both natural and synthetic xenobiotics, and we conclude by identifying key knowledge gaps for future research. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej J Troczka
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Kumar Saurabh Singh
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Monheim, Germany
| | - Alex Hayward
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
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Banba S. Application of computational methods in the analysis of pesticide target-site and resistance mechanisms. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2021; 46:283-289. [PMID: 34566463 PMCID: PMC8422262 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.j21-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Meta-diamide insecticides including broflanilide have a high insecticidal activity by acting on RDL GABA receptors. Both membrane potential assays and docking studies suggest that the target site of meta-diamides is different from that of conventional noncompetitive inhibitors, such as fipronil. In fact, meta-diamides are effective against cyclodiene- and fipronil-resistant pests that carry target-site mutations. Dinotefuran uniquely possesses a tetrahydrofuran ring, whereas other neonicotinoids possess aromatic rings. Moreover, dinotefuran has been reported to be effective against imidacloprid-resistant strains. A docking study predicted the weak binding of dinotefuran to cytochrome P450s which are associated with imidacloprid resistance. Metabolic assays revealed that dinotefuran was not metabolized by these cytochrome P450s. These findings suggest that the lack of metabolic activity of P450s against dinotefuran causes a low level of cross-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Banba
- Research and Development Division, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., 1144, Togo, Mobara, Chiba 297–0017, Japan
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McLeman A, Troczka BJ, Homem RA, Duarte A, Zimmer C, Garrood WT, Pym A, Beadle K, Reid RJ, Douris V, Vontas J, Davies TGE, Ffrench Constant R, Nauen R, Bass C. Fly-Tox: A panel of transgenic flies expressing pest and pollinator cytochrome P450s. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104674. [PMID: 32828379 PMCID: PMC7482442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an on-going need to develop new insecticides that are not compromised by resistance and that have improved environmental profiles. However, the cost of developing novel compounds has increased significantly over the last two decades. This is in part due to increased regulatory requirements, including the need to screen both pest and pollinator insect species to ensure that pre-existing resistance will not hamper the efficacy of a new insecticide via cross-resistance, or adversely affect non-target insect species. To add to this problem the collection and maintenance of toxicologically relevant pest and pollinator species and strains is costly and often difficult. Here we present Fly-Tox, a panel of publicly available transgenic Drosophila melanogaster lines each containing one or more pest or pollinator P450 genes that have been previously shown to metabolise insecticides. We describe the range of ways these tools can be used, including in predictive screens to avoid pre-existing cross-resistance, to identify potential resistance-breaking inhibitors, in the initial assessment of potential insecticide toxicity to bee pollinators, and identifying harmful pesticide-pesticide interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy McLeman
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Bartlomiej J Troczka
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
| | - Rafael A Homem
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Ana Duarte
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Christoph Zimmer
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - William T Garrood
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Adam Pym
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Katherine Beadle
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Rebecca J Reid
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Vassilis Douris
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece; Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina,45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece; Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - T G Emyr Davies
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Richard Ffrench Constant
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789.Monheim, Germany
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
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Hamada A, Stam L, Nakao T, Kawashima M, Banba S. Differential metabolism of neonicotinoids by brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, CYP6ER1 variants. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104538. [PMID: 32359560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is very effective in controlling Nilaparvata lugens Stål, which severely damages rice plants. Following heavy imidacloprid use, imidacloprid-resistant N. lugens, which showed cross-resistance to other neonicotinoids, appeared. We used the baculovirus/Sf9 expression system to express CYP6ER1 variants carrying A375del + A376G (del3) mutations, either with or without T318S mutation, which confer imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens. These CYP6ER1 variants metabolized imidacloprid but did not metabolize dinotefuran. Moreover, Drosophila expressing a CYP6ER1 variant carrying T318S + del3 mutations were resistant to imidacloprid, with a resistance ratio of 288.7, whereas the resistance ratio to dinotefuran was 3.6. These findings indicate that N. lugens has a low level of resistance to dinotefuran, and the increase of resistance is slow. We also studied the metabolism of other neonicotinoids, as well as sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone, by CYP6ER1 variants carrying del3 mutations, either with or without the T318S mutation. Sulfoxaflor, was not metabolized by either CYP6ER1-del3 or CYP6ER1-T318Sdel3 variants. However, these variants did metabolize flupyradifurone. This study sheds light on the substrate selectivity of CYP6ER1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hamada
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
| | - Lynn Stam
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Toshifumi Nakao
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Kawashima
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
| | - Shinichi Banba
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
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Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Insecticide Tolerance-Related Genes after Exposure to Insecticide in Sitobion avenae. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10120951. [PMID: 31757092 PMCID: PMC6947367 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphids cause serious losses to the production of wheat. The grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, which is the dominant species of aphid in all wheat regions of China, is resistant to a variety of insecticides, including imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos. However, the resistance and mechanism of insecticide tolerance of S. avenae are still unclear. Therefore, this study employed transcriptome analysis to compare the expression patterns of stress response genes under imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos treatment for 15 min, 3 h, and 36 h of exposure. S. avenae adult transcriptome was assembled and characterized first, after which samples treated with insecticides for different lengths of time were compared with control samples, which revealed 60–2267 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs). Among these DEUs, 31–790 unigenes were classified into 66–786 categories of gene ontology (GO) functional groups, and 24–760 DEUs could be mapped into 54–268 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Finally, 11 insecticide-tolerance-related unigenes were chosen to confirm the relative expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in each treatment. Most of the results between qRT-PCR and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) are well-established. The results presented herein will facilitate molecular research investigating insecticide resistance in S. avenae, as well as in other wheat aphids.
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