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Zhao Y, Haney MJ, Fallon JK, Rodriguez M, Swain CJ, Arzt CJ, Smith PC, Loop MS, Harrison EB, El-Hage N, Batrakova EV. Using Extracellular Vesicles Released by GDNF-Transfected Macrophages for Therapy of Parkinson Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1933. [PMID: 35741061 PMCID: PMC9222008 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that facilitate transport of proteins, lipids, and genetic material, playing important roles in intracellular communication. They have remarkable potential as non-toxic and non-immunogenic nanocarriers for drug delivery to unreachable organs and tissues, in particular, the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we developed a novel platform based on macrophage-derived EVs to treat Parkinson disease (PD). Specifically, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of EVs secreted by autologous macrophages that were transfected ex vivo to express glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). EV-GDNF were collected from conditioned media of GDNF-transfected macrophages and characterized for GDNF content, size, charge, and expression of EV-specific proteins. The data revealed that, along with the encoded neurotrophic factor, EVs released by pre-transfected macrophages carry GDNF-encoding DNA. Four-month-old transgenic Parkin Q311(X)A mice were treated with EV-GDNF via intranasal administration, and the effect of this therapeutic intervention on locomotor functions was assessed over a year. Significant improvements in mobility, increases in neuronal survival, and decreases in neuroinflammation were found in PD mice treated with EV-GDNF. No offsite toxicity caused by EV-GDNF administration was detected. Overall, an EV-based approach can provide a versatile and potent therapeutic intervention for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhao
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.J.H.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Matthew J. Haney
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.J.H.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - John K. Fallon
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (N.E.-H.)
| | - Carson J. Swain
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Camryn J. Arzt
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Philip C. Smith
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Matthew Shane Loop
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Emily B. Harrison
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (N.E.-H.)
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.J.H.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
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Srivastava V, Singh A, Jain GK, Ahmad FJ, Shukla R, Kesharwani P. Viral vectors as a promising nanotherapeutic approach against neurodegenerative disorders. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Behl T, Kaur I, Kumar A, Mehta V, Zengin G, Arora S. Gene Therapy in the Management of Parkinson's Disease: Potential of GDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:207-222. [PMID: 32811394 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200817164051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of conventional treatment therapies in Parkinson's disorder, a common neurodegenerative disorder, lead to the development of an alternative gene therapy approach. Multiple treatment options targeting dopaminergic neuronal regeneration, production of enzymes linked with dopamine synthesis, subthalamic nucleus neurons, regulation of astrocytes and microglial cells and potentiating neurotrophic factors, were established. Viral vector-based dopamine delivery, prodrug approaches, fetal ventral mesencephalon tissue transplantation and dopamine synthesizing enzyme encoding gene delivery are significant therapies evidently supported by numerous trials. The review primarily elaborates on the significant role of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor in alleviating motor symptoms and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of GDNF were established via preclinical and clinical study outcomes. The binding of GDNF family ligands with associated receptors leads to the formation of a receptor-ligand complex activating Ret receptor of tyrosine kinase family, which is only expressed in dopaminergic neurons, playing an important role in Parkinson's disease, via its association with the essential protein encoded genes. Furthermore, the review establishes delivery aspects, like ventricular delivery of recombinant GDNF, intraparenchymal and intraputaminal delivery using infusion catheters. The review highlights problems and challenges of GDNF delivery, and essential measures to overcome them, like gene therapy combinations, optimization of delivery vectors, newer targeting devices, motor symptoms curbing focused ultrasound techniques, modifications in patient selection criteria and development of novel delivery strategies based on liposomes and encapsulated cells, to promote safe and effective delivery of neurotrophic factor and establishment of routine treatment therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | | | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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Hassanzadeh A, Shamlou S, Yousefi N, Nikoo M, Verdi J. Genetically-Modified Stem Cell in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Therapy; A New Era. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:23-39. [PMID: 34238158 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210707125342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, genetic engineering by various strategies to stimulate gene expression in a specific and controllable mode is a speedily growing therapeutic approach. Genetic modification of human stem or progenitor cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for direct delivery of specific therapeutic molecules or genes has been evidenced as an opportune plan in the context of regenerative medicine due to their supported viability, proliferative features, and metabolic qualities. On the other hand, a large number of studies have investigated the efficacy of modified stem cells in cancer therapy using cells from various sources, disparate transfection means for gene delivery, different transfected yields, and wide variability of tumor models. Accordingly, cell-based gene therapy holds substantial aptitude for the treatment of human malignancy as it could relieve signs or even cure cancer succeeding expression of therapeutic or suicide transgene products; however, there exist inconsistent results in this regard. Herein, we deliver a brief overview of stem cell potential to use in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine and importantly discuss stem cells based gene delivery competencies to stimulate tissue repair and replacement in concomitant with their potential to use as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy, focusing on the last two decades in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shamlou
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Yousefi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Non-viral delivery systems of DNA into stem cells: Promising and multifarious actions for regenerative medicine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Thomas Broome S, Louangaphay K, Keay KA, Leggio GM, Musumeci G, Castorina A. Dopamine: an immune transmitter. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2173-2185. [PMID: 32594028 PMCID: PMC7749467 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system controls several vital central nervous system functions, including the control of movement, reward behaviors and cognition. Alterations of dopaminergic signaling are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, in particular Parkinson’s disease, which are associated with a subtle and chronic inflammatory response. A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated the non-neuronal expression of dopamine, its receptors and of the machinery that governs synthesis, secretion and storage of dopamine across several immune cell types. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the role and expression of dopamine in immune cells. One of the goals is to decipher the complex mechanisms through which these cell types respond to dopamine, in order to address the impact this has on neurodegenerative and psychiatric pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease. A further aim is to illustrate the gaps in our understanding of the physiological roles of dopamine to encourage more targeted research focused on understanding the consequences of aberrant dopamine production on immune regulation. These highlights may prompt scientists in the field to consider alternative functions of this important neurotransmitter when targeting neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thomas Broome
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Krystal Louangaphay
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kevin A Keay
- Laboratory of Neural Structure and Function (LNSF), School of Medical Sciences, (Anatomy and Histology), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney; Laboratory of Neural Structure and Function (LNSF), School of Medical Sciences, (Anatomy and Histology), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Lilli NL, Révy D, Robelet S, Lejeune B. Effect of the micro-immunotherapy medicine 2LPARK ® on rat primary dopaminergic neurons after 6-OHDA injury: oxidative stress and survival evaluation in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 9:79-88. [PMID: 31372089 PMCID: PMC6635836 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s202966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor impairments and resulting from progressive degenerative loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the main cause of the loss of DAergic neurons is still unknown, various etiopathogenic mechanisms are distinguished, including release and accumulation of endogenous excitotoxic mediators along with the production of oxidative free radicals. Several neurotrophic and growth factors are known to increase DAergic neuronal survival and enhance antioxidant mechanisms. In this context, the micro-immunotherapy (MI) approach consists to regulate the immune system in order to protect DAergic neurons and control oxidative stress. Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the MI medicine (MIM), 2LPARK® (Labo’Life), on oxidative stress and on the number of neurons positive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in an in vitro model of PD. Methods Rat primary mesencephalic DAergic neurons cultures were pre-treated for 1 hr with the MIM (10 μM and 10 mM), placebo (10 μM and 10 mM) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; 3.3 μM) and then intoxicated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 20 μM) for 48 hrs. After incubation, cells were incubated 30 mins at 37°C with CellROX green reagent and number of labeled cells were quantified. Then, cells were fixed and incubated with anti-TH antibody and the number of TH+ neurons was evaluated. Results We showed that, contrary to placebo, MIM was able to reduce oxidative stress and protect DAergic neurons from 6-OHDA-induced cell death. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the in vitro efficacy of MIM on two essential mechanisms of PD and propose the MI approach as a new ally in the regulation of neuroinflammation and in the treatment of this degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta L Lilli
- Clinical Affairs, Labo'Life France, Moutiers-Sous-Chantemerle, F-79320, France
| | - Delphine Révy
- Syncrosome, Campus Luminy - Luminy Entreprises, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Sandra Robelet
- Syncrosome, Campus Luminy - Luminy Entreprises, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Béatrice Lejeune
- Labo'Life Belgium, Parc Scientifique CREALYS, Gembloux 5032, Belgium
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The Gender-Biased Effects of Intranasal MPTP Administration on Anhedonic- and Depressive-Like Behaviors in C57BL/6 Mice: the Role of Neurotrophic Factors. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:808-819. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yue P, Gao L, Wang X, Ding X, Teng J. Pretreatment of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and geranylgeranylacetone ameliorates brain injury in Parkinson's disease by its anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative property. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5491-5502. [PMID: 29377238 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the combined effects of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) on neuron apoptosis and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease (PD). A mouse MPTP model of PD and cellular models of H2 O2 and MPP+ -treated PC12 cells were established. Swimming, pole, and traction tests were used to detect behavioral impairment. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the neuron loss. TUNEL and flow cytometer method were used to identify the neuron apoptosis. MDA levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes were used to detect the oxidative damage. The PD model of mice received GDNF and GGA exhibited a significant recovery in their swim, pole, and traction scores. Moreover, the combined treatment significantly reduced the neuron apoptosis in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD mice or in H2 O2 or MPP+ -induced PC12 cells compared with the single drug group. In addition, significant reduction of MDA levels and improvement of activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-px were observed after GDNF and GGA treatment in the PD model and H2 O2 or MPP+ -induced PC12 cells. The combination of GDNF and GGA ameliorated neural apoptosis and oxidative damage in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijian Yue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuebing Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Xu Q, Fan W, Ye SF, Cong YB, Qin W, Chen SY, Cai J. Cistanche tubulosa Protects Dopaminergic Neurons through Regulation of Apoptosis and Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: in vivo and in vitro. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:295. [PMID: 28018211 PMCID: PMC5159610 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with the pathological hallmark of reduced nigrostriatal dopamine. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical practice, the nanopowder of Cistanche tubulosa has therapeutic effects on PD. To identify the therapeutic mechanism, this study tested the protective effect of different doses of MPP+-induced toxicity in MES23.5 cells using the MTT assay and in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice (vehicles). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess cytomorphology and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. Behavioral tests in vehicles, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tests in dopamine, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of TH, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptors. Our results demonstrated that the C. tubulosa nanopowder improved the viability of MPP+-treated cells, increased TH expression and reduced the number of apoptotic cells. It also increased Bcl2 protein expression and suppressed Bax protein expression in MPP+-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, C. tubulosa nanopowder improved the behavioral deficits in vehicle mice, reduced the stationary duration of swimming, enhanced the ability for spontaneous activity and increased the expression of GDNF, the GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα1) and Ret in cells of the substantia nigra (SN). Furthermore, the protein expression of GDNF, GFRα1 and Ret increased after treatment with different doses of C. tubulosa nanopowder, with a significant difference between the high-dose and vehicle groups. The protein expression of Bcl2 and Bax were similar in the in vivo and in vitro, which suggested that C. tubulosa nanopowder has anti-apoptotic effects in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiamen Hai Cang Hospital Xiamen, China
| | - Shui-Fen Ye
- Department of Geratology, Longyan First Hospital Longyan, China
| | - Yi-Bo Cong
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ya Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou, China
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Shadfar S, Kim YG, Katila N, Neupane S, Ojha U, Bhurtel S, Srivastav S, Jeong GS, Park PH, Hong JT, Choi DY. Neuroprotective Effects of Antidepressants via Upregulation of Neurotrophic Factors in the MPTP Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:554-566. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Effect of GDNF on Morphology, Proliferation, and Phagocytic Activity of Rat Neonatal Cortex Isolated Microglia. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wei L, Liu S, Conroy J, Wang J, Papanicolau-Sengos A, Glenn ST, Murakami M, Liu L, Hu Q, Conroy J, Miles KM, Nowak DE, Liu B, Qin M, Bshara W, Omilian AR, Head K, Bianchi M, Burgher B, Darlak C, Kane J, Merzianu M, Cheney R, Fabiano A, Salerno K, Talati C, Khushalani NI, Trump DL, Johnson CS, Morrison CD. Whole-genome sequencing of a malignant granular cell tumor with metabolic response to pazopanib. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2016; 1:a000380. [PMID: 27148567 PMCID: PMC4850888 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Granular cell tumors are an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm. Malignant granular cell tumors comprise <2% of all granular cell tumors, are associated with aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcome, and are poorly understood in terms of tumor etiology and systematic treatment. Because of its rarity, the genetic basis of malignant granular cell tumor remains unknown. We performed whole-genome sequencing of one malignant granular cell tumor with metabolic response to pazopanib. This tumor exhibited a very low mutation rate and an overall stable genome with local complex rearrangements. The mutation signature was dominated by C>T transitions, particularly when immediately preceded by a 5' G. A loss-of-function mutation was detected in a newly recognized tumor suppressor candidate, BRD7. No mutations were found in known targets of pazopanib. However, we identified a receptor tyrosine kinase pathway mutation in GFRA2 that warrants further evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of a malignant granular cell tumor exhibiting a response to pazopanib, and the first whole-genome sequencing of this uncommon tumor type. The findings provide insight into the genetic basis of malignant granular cell tumors and identify potential targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Jeffrey Conroy
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | | | - Sean T Glenn
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Mitsuko Murakami
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Jacob Conroy
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Kiersten Marie Miles
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - David E Nowak
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Biao Liu
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Maochun Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Angela R Omilian
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Karen Head
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Michael Bianchi
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Blake Burgher
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Christopher Darlak
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - John Kane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Mihai Merzianu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Richard Cheney
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Andrew Fabiano
- Department of Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Kilian Salerno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Chetasi Talati
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Nikhil I Khushalani
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Donald L Trump
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA;; Inova Dwight and Martha Schar Cancer Institute, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | - Candace S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Carl D Morrison
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Chu J, Tu Y, Chen J, Tan D, Liu X, Pi R. Effects of melatonin and its analogues on neural stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:169-79. [PMID: 26499395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent cells which are capable of self-replication and differentiation into neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). NSCs are found in two main regions in the adult brain: the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ). The recent discovery of NSCs in the adult mammalian brain has fostered a plethora of translational and preclinical studies to investigate novel approaches for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Melatonin is the major secretory product synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland and shows both a wide distribution within phylogenetically distant organisms from bacteria to humans and a great functional versatility. Recently, accumulated experimental evidence showed that melatonin plays an important role in NSCs, including its proliferation, differentiation and survival, which are modulated by many factors including MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, histone acetylation, neurotrophic factors, transcription factors, and apoptotic genes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the beneficial effects of melatonin on NSCs and further to discuss the potential usage of melatonin and its derivatives or analogues in the treatment of CNS neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yalin Tu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingkao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dunxian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xingguo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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15
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Lin S, Ye S, Huang J, Tian Y, Xu Y, Wu M, Wang J, Wu S, Cai J. How do Chinese medicines that tonify the kidney inhibit dopaminergic neuron apoptosis? Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2820-6. [PMID: 25206603 PMCID: PMC4146012 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.30.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Wistar rats were intragastrically perfused with Chinese medicines used for tonifying the kidney. These included 0.180 g/mL of Herba Epimedii (Epimedium), Semen Cuscutae (Dodder Seed), or Herba Cistanches (Desertliving Cistanche), 0.04 mg/mL monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor selegiline, or distilled water for 14 consecutive days to prepare drug-containing serum or blank serum. MES23.5 cells in the logarithmic phase were cultured in media supplemented with 15% drug-containing serum for 24 hours, followed by incubation in culture solution containing 100 μmol/L H2O2 for 3 hours. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow tometry results showed that all drug-containing serums improved the survival rate of H2O2-injured MES23.5 cells, inhibited pro-apoptotic FasL and caspase-3 expression, promoted anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. However, drug-containing serums had little influence on Fas expression in H2O2-injured MES23.5 cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that serum containing Herba Cistanches or Herba Epimedii increased the expression of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in injured MES23.5 cells; serum containing Semen Cuscutae only increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression; while expression of the above neurotrophic factors remained the same in cells treated with serum containing selegiline. These findings indicate that Chinese medicines used to tonify the kidney can protect nerve cells by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related factors and neuro-trophic factors in MES23.5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogang Lin
- Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shuifen Ye
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jinmu Huang
- Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yihui Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Songying Wu
- The Second People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
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16
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Inaba-Hasegawa K. Revelation in the neuroprotective functions of rasagiline and selegiline: the induction of distinct genes by different mechanisms. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 13:671-84. [PMID: 23739004 DOI: 10.1586/ern.13.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, cell death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra progresses and neuroprotective therapy is required to halt neuronal loss. In cellular and animal models, selegiline [(-)deprenyl] and rasagiline, inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B, protect neuronal cells from programmed cell death. In this paper, the authors review their recent results on the molecular mechanisms by which MAO inhibitors prevent the cell death through the induction of antiapoptotic, prosurvival genes. MAO-A mediates the induction of antiapoptotic bcl-2 and mao-a itself by rasagiline, whereas a different mechanism is associated with selegiline. Rasagiline and selegiline preferentially increase GDNF and BDNF in nonhuman primates and Parkinsonian patients, respectively. Enhanced neurotrophic factors might be applicable to monitor the neurorescuing activity of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan.
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17
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Gao L, Gao H, Zhou H, Xu Y. Gene expression profiling analysis of the putamen for the investigation of compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:181. [PMID: 24256571 PMCID: PMC4225573 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is affecting 5 million people worldwide, but the response mechanisms of the striatum are still unclear. Therefore, identification of gene expression alterations in the striatum will greatly assist the development of novel therapy strategies. METHODS We performed a comprehensive gene expression analysis in 15 PD patients and 15 normal controls to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the expression profile GSE20291 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to define functions and pathways altered in PD. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed to find out the modules with close interactions. RESULTS Total715 DEGs including 268 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated genes were obtained. GO functional enrichment analysis indicated that the genes related with neurons function and cell morphogenesis might be changed upon PD. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that most of the genes were enriched in the nodes of Gap junction, calcium signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, long-term potentiation, Alzheimer's disease and GnRH signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction network and module analysis suggested that some apoptosis related genes, such as PRKCA, CDC42 and BCL2 may play critical roles in striatal neurons growth. CONCLUSION Intrinsic striatal tyrosine hydroxylase interneurons growth may be promoted by changes in several genes expression and thus reduce the functional excitatory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbo Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, NO,4 chongshan Road, huanggu Area, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
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18
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Geraniol ameliorates the motor behavior and neurotrophic factors inadequacy in MPTP-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:851-62. [PMID: 23943375 PMCID: PMC3824202 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Many experiments affirm the notion that augmentation of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) activity, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factors and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factors, could prevent or halt the progress of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic accomplishment of geraniol (GE 100 mg/kg) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice model of PD. Current investigation proved that pretreatment with GE ameliorates the MPTP-induced alterations in behavioral, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and immunoblotting manifestations in mice. Systematically, the loss of dopaminergic neurons and reduced NTFs mRNA expressions induced by MPTP was ameliorated to a significant extent by pretreatment with GE. We found that GE confers a potent neuroprotective agent against MPTP-induced dopaminergic denervation and may become a potential therapeutic agent for PD and/or its progression.
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19
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Halley P, Khorkova O, Wahlestedt C. Natural antisense transcripts as therapeutic targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 10:e119-e125. [PMID: 25580147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddstr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Halley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Olga Khorkova
- OPKO-CURNA 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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20
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Rocha SM, Cristovão AC, Campos FL, Fonseca CP, Baltazar G. Astrocyte-derived GDNF is a potent inhibitor of microglial activation. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 47:407-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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21
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Hutter-Saunders JAL, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Pathways towards an effective immunotherapy for Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 11:1703-15. [PMID: 22091596 DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunizations that target specific types of immune responses are used commonly to prevent microbial infections. However, a range of immune responses may prove necessary to combat the ravages of neurodegenerative diseases. The goal is to eliminate the 'root' cause of neurodegenerative disorders, misfolded aggregated proteins, while harnessing adaptive immune responses to promote neural repair. However, immunization strategies used to elicit humoral immune responses against aberrant brain proteins have yielded mixed success. While specific proteins can be cleared, the failures in halting disease progression revolve, in measure, around adaptive immune responses that promote autoreactive T cells and, as such, induce a meningoencephalitis, accelerating neurodegeneration. Thus, alternative approaches for protein clearance and neural repair are desired. To this end, our laboratories have sought to transform autoreactive adaptive immune responses into regulatory neuroprotective cells in Parkinson's disease. In this context, induction of immune responses against modified brain proteins serves to break immunological tolerance, while eliciting adaptive immunity to facilitate neuronal repair. How to harness the immune response in the setting of Parkinson's disease requires a thorough understanding of the role of immunity in human disease and the ways to modify such immune responses to elicit therapeutic gain. These are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A L Hutter-Saunders
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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22
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''70th Birthday Professor Riederer'' induction of glial cell line-derived and brain-derived neurotrophic factors by rasagiline and (-)deprenyl: a way to a disease-modifying therapy? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 120:83-9. [PMID: 22892822 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotection has been proposed in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, to delay or halt disease progression or reverse neuronal deterioration. The inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase (MAO), rasagiline and (-)deprenyl, prevent neuronal loss in cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative disorders by intervening in the death signal pathway in mitochondria. In addition, rasagiline and (-)deprenyl increase the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family and neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophic factors, especially glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are required not only for growth and maintenance of developing neurons, but also for function and plasticity of distinct population of adult neurons. GDNF and BDNF have been reported to reduce Parkinson and Alzheimer's diseases, respectively. GDNF protects the nigra-striatal dopamine neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease, and its administration has been tried as a disease-modifying therapy for parkinsonian patients. However, the results of clinical trials have not been fully conclusive and more practical ways to enhance GDNF levels in the targeted neurons are essentially required for future clinical application. Rasagiline and (-)deprenyl induced preferentially GDNF and BDNF in cellular and non-human primate experiments, and (-)deprenyl increased BDNF level in the cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian patients. In this paper, we review the induction of GDNF and BDNF by these MAO inhibitors as a strategy of neuroprotective therapy. The induction of prosurvival genes is discussed in relation to a possible disease-modifying therapy with MAO inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders.
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23
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Li X, Cudaback E, Breyer RM, Montine KS, Keene CD, Montine TJ. Eicosanoid receptor subtype-mediated opposing regulation of TLR-stimulated expression of astrocyte glial-derived neurotrophic factor. FASEB J 2012; 26:3075-83. [PMID: 22499581 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A major therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease (PD) is providing increased glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to dopaminergic neurons. We tested the hypothesis that innate immune activation increases astrocyte GDNF production and that this is regulated by specific eicosanoid receptors. Innate immune-activated primary murine astrocytes were assayed for GDNF expression and secretion. Controls were agent vehicle exposure and wild-type mice. Rank order for up to 10-fold selectively increased GDNF expression was activators of TLR3 > TLR2 or TLR4 > TLR9. TLR3 activator-stimulated GDNF expression was selectively JNK-dependent, followed cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, was coincident with membranous PGE(2) synthase, and was not significantly altered by a nonspecific COX- or a COX-2-selective inhibitor. Specific eicosanoid receptors had opposing effects on TLR3 activator-induced GDNF expression: ∼60% enhancement by blocking or ablating of PGE(2) receptor subtype 1 (EP1), ∼30% enhancement by activating PGF(2α) receptor or thromboxane receptor, or ∼15% enhancement by activating EP4. These results demonstrate functionally antagonistic eicosanoid receptor subtype regulation of innate immunity-induced astrocyte GDNF expression and suggest that selective inhibition of EP1 signaling might be a means to augment astrocyte GDNF secretion in the context of innate immune activation in diseased regions of brain in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwu Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 359645, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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24
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Ubhi K, Inglis C, Mante M, Patrick C, Adame A, Spencer B, Rockenstein E, May V, Winkler J, Masliah E. Fluoxetine ameliorates behavioral and neuropathological deficits in a transgenic model mouse of α-synucleinopathy. Exp Neurol 2012; 234:405-16. [PMID: 22281106 PMCID: PMC3897235 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The term α-synucleinopathies refers to a group of age-related neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) that display an abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). In contrast to the neuronal α-syn accumulation observed in PD and DLB, MSA is characterized by a widespread oligodendrocytic α-syn accumulation. Transgenic mice expressing human α-syn under the oligodendrocyte-specific myelin basic protein promoter (MBP1-hαsyn tg mice) model many of the behavioral and neuropathological alterations observed in MSA. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been shown to be protective in toxin-induced models of PD, however its effects in an in vivo transgenic model of α-synucleinopathy remain unclear. In this context, this study examined the effect of fluoxetine in the MBP1-hαsyn tg mice, a model of MSA. Fluoxetine administration ameliorated motor deficits in the MBP1-hαsyn tg mice, with a concomitant decrease in neurodegenerative pathology in the basal ganglia, neocortex and hippocampus. Fluoxetine administration also increased levels of the neurotrophic factors, GDNF (glial-derived neurotrophic factor) and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the MBP1-hαsyn tg mice compared to vehicle-treated tg mice. This fluoxetine-induced increase in GDNF and BDNF protein levels was accompanied by activation of the ERK signaling pathway. The effects of fluoxetine administration on myelin and serotonin markers were also examined. Collectively these results indicate that fluoxetine may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for MSA and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiren Ubhi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chandra Inglis
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christina Patrick
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Verena May
- Division of Molecular Neurology, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juergen Winkler
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Molecular Neurology, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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25
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Sun X, Xiong Z, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Xu G, Xia Z, Li J, Zhang R, Ke Z, Xia Z, Hu Y. Harpagoside attenuates MPTP/MPP⁺ induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and movement disorder via elevating glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. J Neurochem 2011; 120:1072-83. [PMID: 22192054 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. New therapeutic approaches aiming at delaying or reversing the neurodegenerative process are under active investigations. In this work, we found that harpagoside, an iridoid purified from the Chinese medicinal herb Scrophularia ningpoensis, could not only prevent but also rescue the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in MPTP/MPP(+) intoxication with promising efficacy. Firstly, in cultured mesencephalic neurons, harpagoside significantly attenuated the loss of TH-positive neuron numbers and the shortening of axonal length. Secondly, in a chronic MPTP mouse model, harpagoside dose-dependently improved the loco-motor ability (rotarod test), increased the TH-positive neuron numbers in the substantia nigra pars compacta (unbiased stereological counting) and increased the striatal DAT density ((125) I-FP-CIT autoradiography). Thirdly, harpagoside markedly elevated the GDNF mRNA and GDNF protein levels in MPTP/MPP(+) lesioned models. However, the protecting effect of harpagoside on the dopaminergic degeneration disappeared when the intrinsic GDNF action was blocked by either the Ret inhibitor PP1 or the neutralizing anti-GDNF antibody. Taken together, we conclude that harpagoside attenuates the dopaminergic neurodegeneration and movement disorder mainly through elevating glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Barak S, Ahmadiantehrani S, Kharazia V, Ron D. Positive autoregulation of GDNF levels in the ventral tegmental area mediates long-lasting inhibition of excessive alcohol consumption. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1. [PMID: 22238721 PMCID: PMC3253655 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is an essential growth factor for the survival and maintenance of the midbrain dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neurons. Activation of the GDNF pathway in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where the GDNF receptors are expressed, produces a long-lasting suppression of excessive alcohol consumption in rats. Previous studies conducted in the DA-ergic-like cells, SHSY5Y, revealed that GDNF positively regulates its own expression, leading to a long-lasting activation of the GDNF signaling pathway. Here we determined whether GDNF activates a positive autoregulatory feedback loop in vivo within the VTA, and if so, whether this mechanism underlies the long-lasting suppressive effects of the growth factor on excessive alcohol consumption. We found that a single infusion of recombinant GDNF (rGDNF; 10 μg) into the VTA induces a long-lasting local increase in GDNF mRNA and protein levels, which depends upon de novo transcription and translation of the polypeptide. Importantly, we report that the GDNF-mediated positive autoregulatory feedback loop accounts for the long-lasting inhibitory actions of GDNF in the VTA on excessive alcohol consumption. Specifically, the long-lasting suppressive effects of a single rGDNF infusion into the VTA on excessive alcohol consumption were prevented when protein synthesis was inhibited, as well as when the upregulation of GDNF expression was prevented using short hairpin RNA to focally knock down GDNF mRNA in the VTA. Our results could have implications for the development of long-lasting treatments for disorders in which GDNF has a beneficial role, including drug addiction, chronic stress and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barak
- The Ernest Gallo Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, CA, USA,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Ahmadiantehrani
- The Ernest Gallo Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, CA, USA,The Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - V Kharazia
- The Ernest Gallo Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - D Ron
- The Ernest Gallo Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, CA, USA,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,The Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Neurology, The Ernest Gallo Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, 5858 Horton St., Suite 200, Emeryville, San Francisco, CA 94608, USA. E-mail:
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27
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Safi R, Gardaneh M, Panahi Y, Maghsoudi N, Zaefizadeh M, Gharib E. Optimized quantities of GDNF overexpressed by engineered astrocytes are critical for protection of neuroblastoma cells against 6-OHDA toxicity. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 46:654-65. [PMID: 21969113 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Optimized levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are critical for protection of dopaminergic neurons against parkinsonian cell death. Recombinant lentiviruses harboring GDNF coding sequence were constructed and used to infect astrocytoma cell line 1321N1. The infected astrocytes overexpressed GDNF mRNA and secreted an average of 2.2 ng/mL recombinant protein as tested in both 2 and 16 weeks post-infection. Serial dilutions of GDNF-enriched conditioned medium from infected astrocytes added to growing neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC resulted in commensurate resistance against 6-OHDA toxicity. SK-N-MC cell survival rate rose from 51% in control group to 84% in the cells grown with astro-CM containing 453 pg secreted GDNF, an increase that was highly significant (P < 0.0001). However, larger volumes of the GDNF-enriched conditioned medium failed to improve cell survival and addition of volumes that contained 1,600 pg or more GDNF further reduced survival rate to below 70%. Changes in cell survival paralleled to changes in the percent of apoptotic cell morphologies. These data demonstrate the feasibility of using astrocytes as minipumps to stably oversecrete neurotrophic factors and further indicate that GDNF can be applied to neuroprotection studies in PD pending the optimization of its concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Safi
- Molecular Genetics Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Pajoohesh Blvd, Tehran-Karaj HWY, Kilometer 15, PO Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Multiple system atrophy: a clinical and neuropathological perspective. Trends Neurosci 2011; 34:581-90. [PMID: 21962754 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease involving motor abnormalities that include akinesia, rigidity and postural instability. While improved diagnostic criteria have aided the accurate diagnosis of MSA, our understanding of the neuropathological aspects underlying MSA was bolstered by the identification of α-synuclein (α-syn) as the primary constituent of the abnormal protein aggregates observed in the brains of MSA patients. The generation of transgenic animal models of MSA coupled with an increasing understanding of the biochemical structure and function of α-syn has highlighted a number of key pathological pathways thought to underlie the neurodegeneration observed in MSA. This review summarizes key findings in the field, discusses current areas of debate, and describes current experimental approaches towards disease-modifying therapies.
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Wakeman DR, Dodiya HB, Kordower JH. Cell transplantation and gene therapy in Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:126-58. [PMID: 21259269 DOI: 10.1002/msj.20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting, in part, dopaminergic motor neurons of the ventral midbrain and their terminal projections that course to the striatum. Symptomatic strategies focused on dopamine replacement have proven effective at remediating some motor symptoms during the course of disease but ultimately fail to deliver long-term disease modification and lose effectiveness due to the emergence of side effects. Several strategies have been experimentally tested as alternatives for Parkinson's disease, including direct cell replacement and gene transfer through viral vectors. Cellular transplantation of dopamine-secreting cells was hypothesized as a substitute for pharmacotherapy to directly provide dopamine, whereas gene therapy has primarily focused on restoration of dopamine synthesis or neuroprotection and restoration of spared host dopaminergic circuitry through trophic factors as a means to enhance sustained controlled dopamine transmission. This seems now to have been verified in numerous studies in rodents and nonhuman primates, which have shown that grafts of fetal dopamine neurons or gene transfer through viral vector delivery can lead to improvements in biochemical and behavioral indices of dopamine deficiency. However, in clinical studies, the improvements in parkinsonism have been rather modest and variable and have been plagued by graft-induced dyskinesias. New developments in stem-cell transplantation and induced patient-derived cells have opened the doors for the advancement of cell-based therapeutics. In addition, viral-vector-derived therapies have been developed preclinically with excellent safety and efficacy profiles, showing promise in clinical trials thus far. Further progress and optimization of these therapies will be necessary to ensure safety and efficacy before widespread clinical use is deemed appropriate.
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Inaba-Hasegawa K, Akao Y. Type A monoamine oxidase regulates life and death of neurons in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 100:85-106. [PMID: 21971004 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386467-3.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) is proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis through production of reactive oxygen species and neurotoxins from protoxicants, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. In addition, inhibitors of MAO-B protect neurons in the cellular and animal models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, the role of type A MAO (MAO-A) in neuronal death and neuroprotection by MAO-B inhibitors has been scarcely elucidated. This chapter presents our recent results on the involvement of MAO-A in the activation of mitochondrial death signal pathway and in the induction of prosurvival genes to prevent cell death with MAO-B inhibitors. The roles of MAO-A in the regulation of neuronal survival and death are discussed in concern to find a novel strategy to protect neurons in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Neurosciences, Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology, Kakamigahara, Gifu, Japan
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Humble MB. Vitamin D, light and mental health. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jiao L, Zhang Y, Hu C, Wang YG, Huang A, He C. Rap1GAP interacts with RET and suppresses GDNF-induced neurite outgrowth. Cell Res 2010; 21:327-37. [PMID: 20877310 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2010.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was originally recognized for its ability to promote survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, but it has since been demonstrated to be crucial for the survival and differentiation of many neuronal subpopulations, including motor neurons, sympathetic neurons, sensory neurons and enteric neurons. To identify possible effectors or regulators of GDNF signaling, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using the intracellular domain of RET, the common signaling receptor of the GDNF family, as bait. Using this approach, we identified Rap1GAP, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rap1, as a novel RET-binding protein. Endogenous Rap1GAP co-immunoprecipitated with RET in neural tissues, and RET and Rap1GAP were co-expressed in dopaminergic neurons of the mesencephalon. In addition, overexpression of Rap1GAP attenuated GDNF-induced neurite outgrowth, whereas suppressing the expression of endogenous Rap1GAP by RNAi enhanced neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, using co-immunoprecipitation analyses, we found that the interaction between RET and Rap1GAP was enhanced following GDNF treatment. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that Tyr981 in the intracellular domain of RET was crucial for the interaction with Rap1GAP. Moreover, we found that Rap1GAP negatively regulated GNDF-induced ERK activation and neurite outgrowth. Taken together, our results suggest the involvement of a novel interaction of RET with Rap1GAP in the regulation of GDNF-mediated neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Lucini C, Carla L, Facello B, Bruna F, Maruccio L, Lucianna M, Langellotto F, Fernanda L, Sordino P, Paolo S, Castaldo L, Luciana C. Distribution of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-1 in the brain of adult zebrafish. J Anat 2010; 217:174-85. [PMID: 20572899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent trophic factor for several types of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The biological activity of GDNF is mediated by a multicomponent receptor complex that includes a common transmembrane signaling component (the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene product, a tyrosine kinase receptor) as well as a GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRalpha) subunit, a high-affinity glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked binding element. Among the four known GFRalpha subunits, GFRalpha1 preferentially binds to GDNF. In zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, the expression of the GFRalpha1a and GFRalpha1b genes has been shown in primary motor neurons, the kidney, and the enteric nervous system. To examine the activity of GFRalpha in the adult brain of a lower vertebrate, we have investigated the localization of GFRalpha1a and GFRalpha1b mRNA and the GFRalpha1 protein in zebrafish. GFRalpha1a and GFRalpha1b transcripts were observed in brain extracts by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Whole-mount in-situ hybridization experiments revealed a wide distribution of GFRalpha1a and GFRalpha1b mRNAs in various regions of the adult zebrafish brain. These included the olfactory bulbs, dorsal and ventral telencephalic area (telencephalon), preoptic area, dorsal and ventral thalamus, posterior tuberculum and hypothalamus (diencephalon), optic tectum (mesencephalon), cerebellum, and medulla oblongata (rhombencephalon). Finally, expression patterns of the GFRalpha1 protein, detected immunohistochemically, correlated well with the mRNA expression and provided further insights into translational activity at the neuroanatomical level. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the presence of GFRalpha1 persists beyond the embryonic development of the zebrafish brain and, together with the GDNF ligand, is probably implicated in the brain physiology of an adult teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lucini
- Department of Biological Structures, Functions and Technology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
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Neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy is associated with altered expression of oligodendroglial-derived neurotrophic factors. J Neurosci 2010; 30:6236-46. [PMID: 20445049 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0567-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by striatonigral degeneration and olivo-pontocerebellar atrophy. Neuronal degeneration is accompanied by primarily oligodendrocytic accumulation of alpha-synuclein (alphasyn) as opposed to the neuronal inclusions more commonly found in other alpha-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease. It is unclear how alphasyn accumulation in oligodendrocytes may lead to the extensive neurodegeneration observed in MSA; we hypothesize that the altered expression of oligodendrocyte-derived neurotrophic factors by alphasyn may be involved. In this context, the expression of a number neurotrophic factors reportedly expressed by oligodendrocytes [glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), as well as basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF2), reportedly astrocyte derived] were examined in transgenic mouse models expressing human alphasyn (halphasyn) under the control of either neuronal (PDGFbeta or mThy1) or oligodendrocytic (MBP) promoters. Although protein levels of BDNF and IGF-1 were altered in all the alphasyn transgenic mice regardless of promoter type, a specific decrease in GDNF protein expression was observed in the MBP-halphasyn transgenic mice. Intracerebroventricular infusion of GDNF improved behavioral deficits and ameliorated neurodegenerative pathology in the MBP-halphasyn transgenic mice. Consistent with the studies in the MBP-halphasyn transgenic mice, analysis of GDNF expression levels in human MSA samples demonstrated a decrease in the white frontal cortex and to a lesser degree in the cerebellum compared with controls. These results suggest a mechanism in which alphasyn expression in oligodendrocytes impacts on the trophic support provided by these cells for neurons, perhaps contributing to neurodegeneration.
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Souza RP, de Luca V, Remington G, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, Kennedy JL, Wong AHC. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 2 (GFRA2) gene is associated with tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 210:347-54. [PMID: 20369355 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tardive dyskinesia (TD) has a pharmacogenetic component in which the interaction of antipsychotic exposure with individual genetic variation mediates risk. The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signalling pathway has been associated with neuroprotective effects in central dopaminergic neurons and spinal motor neurons. Clinical trials have also investigated whether GDNF may ameliorate Parkinson's disease symptoms. METHODS We tested whether variants in the GDNF receptor alpha 2 (GFRA2) gene could play a role in TD susceptibility evaluating 16 variants in 172 Caucasian schizophrenia subjects. RESULTS We observed one significant allelic association (rs4739285, permuted p = 0.042) and two genotypic associations: rs4739285 under additive inheritance model and rs4739217 under dominant inheritance model (permuted p = 0.044). Moreover, carriers of the major alleles for both rs6587002 and rs4739217 presented significantly higher risk for TD (OR = 2.04, permuted p = 0.014), while subjects with the minor allele for rs4739217 and the major allele for rs6988470 were less likely to have TD (OR = 0.21, permuted p = 0.0007). DISCUSSION Haplotype results indicate that the minor allele of the rs4739217 is a risk factor for TD (permuted allelic p = 0.074). Age was also a risk factor for TD in our sample (p = 0.0001). Taken together, our findings suggest that GFRA2 genetic variants and age may play a role in TD susceptibility, but further work is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan P Souza
- Neurogenetics Section, Neuroscience Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yu YP, Ju WP, Li ZG, Wang DZ, Wang YC, Xie AM. Acupuncture inhibits oxidative stress and rotational behavior in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat. Brain Res 2010; 1336:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang X, Song L, Wu N, Liu Z, Xue S, Hui G. An experimental study on intracerebroventricular transplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Res 2010; 32:1054-9. [PMID: 20483022 DOI: 10.1179/016164110x12681290831207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human amniotic epithelial (HAE) cells are formed from amnioblasts, separated from the epiblast at about the eighth day after fertilization. In the present study, we attempt to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular transplantation of HAE cells on Parkinson's disease (PD) rats. METHODS A PD rat model was induced by 6-OHDA injections. Then the rats were transplanted intracerebroventricularly with HAE cells. Apomorphin-induced turns were used to assess the neurobehavioral deficit in rats. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry was used to track the survival of HAE cells. Tyrosinehydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry was used to determine the density of TH-positive cells in rat substantia nigra and the differentiation of HAE cells. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in rat striatum. HVA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats were also determined by HPLC. RESULTS The results showed that transplanted HAE cells can survive for at least 10 weeks and differentiate into TH-positive cells in PD rats. The grafts significantly ameliorated apomorphine-induced turns in PD rats. TH immunohistochemistry showed that HAE cells attenuated the loss of TH-positive cells in rat substantia nigra. In addition, HAE cells prevented the fall of DA and its metabolites DOPAC and HVA in PD rats. Increased HVA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of PD rats were also observed. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that HAE cells have beneficial effect on 6-OHDA-induced PD rats, which may be due to the neurotrophic factors secrete by HAE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yang
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gene therapy using lactoferrin-modified nanoparticles in a rotenone-induced chronic Parkinson model. J Neurol Sci 2010; 290:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Xu G, Xiong Z, Yong Y, Wang Z, Ke Z, Xia Z, Hu Y. Catalpol attenuates MPTP induced neuronal degeneration of nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathway in mice through elevating glial cell derived neurotrophic factor in striatum. Neuroscience 2010; 167:174-84. [PMID: 20123001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of an iridoid catalpol extracted and purified from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Rehmannia glutinosa on the neuronal degeneration of nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathway was studied in a chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/probenecid C57BL/6 mouse model and in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridimium (MPP(+)) intoxicated cultured mesencephalic neurons. Rotarod performance revealed that the locomotor ability of mice was significantly impaired after completion of model production and maintained thereafter for at least 4 weeks. Catalpol orally administered for 8 weeks (starting from the second week of model production) dose dependently improved the locomotor ability. HPLC revealed that catalpol significantly elevated striatal dopamine levels without changing the metabolite/dopamine ratios. Nor did it bind to dopamine receptors. Therefore it is unlikely that catalpol resembles any of the known compounds for treating Parkinsonism. Instead, catalpol dose dependently raised the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neuron number in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) density and the striatal glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein level. Linear regression revealed that both the TH neuron number and DAT density were positively correlated to the GDNF level. In the cultured mesencephalic neurons, MPP(+) decreased the dopaminergic neuron number and shortened the neurite length, whereas catalpol showed protective effect dose dependently. Furthermore, the expression of GDNF mRNA was up-regulated by catalpol to a peak nearly double of normal control in neurons intoxicated with MPP(+) for 24 h but not in normal neurons. The GDNF receptor tyrosine kinase RET inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-methyphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)-pyrazolo-[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP1) abolished the protective effect of catalpol either partially (TH positive neuron number) or completely (neurite length). Taken together, catalpol improves locomotor ability by attenuating the neuronal degeneration of nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathway, and this attenuation is at least partially through elevating the striatal GDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xu
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Kang MY, Kim KY, Yoon Y, Kang Y, Kim HB, Youn CK, Kim DH, Kim MH. Ape1/Ref-1 Stimulates GDNF/GFRalpha1-mediated Downstream Signaling and Neuroblastoma Proliferation. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 13:349-56. [PMID: 19915696 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2009.13.5.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha1 (GFRalpha1) is a direct target of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ape1/Ref-1). In the present study, we further analyzed the physiological roles of Ape1/Ref-1-induced GFRalpha1 expression in Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. Ape1/Ref-1 expression caused the clustering of GFRalpha1 immunoreactivity in lipid rafts in response to GDNF. We also found that Ret, a downstream target of GFRalpha1, was functionally activated by GDNF in Ape1/Ref-1-expressing cells. Moreover, GDNF promoted the proliferation of Ape1/Ref-1-expressing Neuro2a cells. Furthermore, GFRalpha1-specific RNA experiments demonstrated that the downregulation of GFRalpha1 by siRNA in Ape1/Ref-1-expressing cells impaired the ability of GDNF to phosphorylate Akt and PLCgamma-1 and to stimulate cellular proliferation. These results show an association between Ape1/Ref-1 and GDNF/GFRalpha signaling, and suggest a potential molecular mechanism for the involvement of Ape1/Ref-1 in neuronal proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, DNA Repair Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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Lim ST, Airavaara M, Harvey BK. Viral vectors for neurotrophic factor delivery: a gene therapy approach for neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. Pharmacol Res 2009; 61:14-26. [PMID: 19840853 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of most diseases of the central nervous system results from neuronal dysfunction or loss. Diseases such as stroke, epilepsy and neurodegeneration (e.g. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) share common cellular and molecular mechanisms (e.g. oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction) that contribute to the loss of neuronal function. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are secreted proteins that regulate multiple aspects of neuronal development including neuronal maintenance, survival, axonal growth and synaptic plasticity. These properties of NTFs make them likely candidates for preventing neurodegeneration and promoting neuroregeneration. One approach to delivering NTFs to diseased cells is through viral vector-mediated gene delivery. Viral vectors are now routinely used as tools for studying gene function as well as developing gene-based therapies for a variety of diseases. Currently, many clinical trials using viral vectors in the nervous system are underway or completed, and seven of these trials involve NTFs for neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss viral vector-mediated gene transfer of NTFs to treat neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung T Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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Mitochondria in neurodegenerative disorders: regulation of the redox state and death signaling leading to neuronal death and survival. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:1371-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ren Z, Zhang Y. Cells therapy for Parkinson's disease--so close and so far away. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 52:610-4. [PMID: 19641865 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-009-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the strategies of treating Parkinson's disease (PD) is the replacement of lost neurons in the substantia nigra with healthy dapamingergic cells. Potential sources for cells range from autologous grafts of dopamine secreting cells, fetal ventral mesencephalon tissue, to various stem cell types. Over the past quarter century, many experimental replacement therapies have been tried on PD animal models as well as human patients, yet none resulted in satisfactory outcomes that warrant wide applications. Recent progress in stem cell biology has shown that nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (ntES) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) derived cells can be used to successfully treat rodent PD models, thus solving the problem of immunorejection and paving the way for future autologous transplantations for treating PD. Meanwhile, however, post mortem analysis of patients who received fetal brain cell transplantation revealed that implanted cells are prone to degeneration just like endogenous neurons in the same pathological area, indicating long-term efficacy of cell therapy of PD needs to overcome the degenerating environment in the brain. A better understanding of neurodegeneration in the midbrain appeared to be a necessary step in developing new cell therapies in Parkinson's disease. It is likely that future cell replacement will focus on not only ameliorating symptoms of the disease but also trying to slow the progression of the disease by either neuroprotection or restoring the micro-environment in the midbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenHua Ren
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
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