1
|
Wall EC, Taha MK. Haemophilus influenzae is fighting back: is serotype a an emerging threat? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:1106-1108. [PMID: 37356442 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Wall
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Infection Research Theme, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Research Division of Infection, University College London, UK.
| | - Muhamed-Keir Taha
- Institute Pasteur and Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit and the National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao J, Pan B, Zhuo X, Liao G, Gao Y, Yao Z, Wang L, Wu Q, Pan W, Jiao B, Zhao Q. β-1,2-Mannan-based glycoconjugates as potential antifungal vaccines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
Vos-Kerkhof ED, Gomez B, Milcent K, Steyerberg EW, Nijman RG, Smit FJ, Mintegi S, Moll HA, Gajdos V, Oostenbrink R. Clinical prediction models for young febrile infants at the emergency department: an international validation study. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:1033-1041. [PMID: 29794106 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic value of existing clinical prediction models (CPM; ie, statistically derived) in febrile young infants at risk for serious bacterial infections. METHODS A systematic literature review identified eight CPMs for predicting serious bacterial infections in febrile children. We validated these CPMs on four validation cohorts of febrile children in Spain (age <3 months), France (age <3 months) and two cohorts in the Netherlands (age 1-3 months and >3-12 months). We evaluated the performance of the CPMs by sensitivity/specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration studies. RESULTS The original cohorts in which the prediction rules were developed (derivation cohorts) ranged from 381 to 15 781 children, with a prevalence of serious bacterial infections varying from 0.8% to 27% and spanned an age range of 0-16 years. All CPMs originally performed moderately to very well (AUC 0.60-0.93). The four validation cohorts included 159-2204 febrile children, with a median age range of 1.8 (1.2-2.4) months for the three cohorts <3 months and 8.4 (6.0-9.6) months for the cohort >3-12 months of age. The prevalence of serious bacterial infections varied between 15.1% and 17.2% in the three cohorts <3 months and was 9.8% for the cohort >3-12 months of age. Although discriminative values varied greatly, best performance was observed for four CPMs including clinical signs and symptoms, urine dipstick analyses and laboratory markers with AUC ranging from 0.68 to 0.94 in the three cohorts <3 months (ranges sensitivity: 0.48-0.94 and specificity: 0.71-0.97). For the >3-12 months' cohort AUC ranges from 0.80 to 0.89 (ranges sensitivity: 0.70-0.82 and specificity: 0.78-0.90). In general, the specificities exceeded sensitivities in our cohorts, in contrast to derivation cohorts with high sensitivities, although this effect was stronger in infants <3 months than in infants >3-12 months. CONCLUSION We identified four CPMs, including clinical signs and symptoms, urine dipstick analysis and laboratory markers, which can aid clinicians in identifying serious bacterial infections. We suggest clinicians should use CPMs as an adjunctive clinical tool when assessing the risk of serious bacterial infections in febrile young infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien de Vos-Kerkhof
- Department of General Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Borja Gomez
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.,University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karen Milcent
- AP-HP Department of Paediatrics, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud-Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Decision Making, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Gerard Nijman
- Department of Paediatric Accident and Emergency, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College-NHS Healthcare Trust, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Smit
- Department of General Paediatrics, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago Mintegi
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.,University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Henriette A Moll
- Department of General Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Gajdos
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Rianne Oostenbrink
- Department of General Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Collins S, Litt D, Almond R, Findlow J, Linley E, Ramsay M, Borrow R, Ladhani S. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) seroprevalence and current epidemiology in England and Wales. J Infect 2017; 76:335-341. [PMID: 29289561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The implementation of the Hib conjugate vaccine in the United Kingdom in 1992 resulted in a rapid decline in invasive Hib disease across all age groups. However, a resurgence in 2000-2002 prompted the introduction of additional control measures, including a routine 12-month booster in 2006. Here we describe results from a national serosurvey in children eligible for the 12-month booster and recent Haemophilus influenzae epidemiology in England and Wales. METHODS A national serosurvey was performed to determine the prevalence of anti-polyribosyl-phosphate (anti-PRP) IgG antibodies in 1000 residual samples from children up to 8 years of age in 2013-2014. Data were compared to previous national serosurveys performed by the same laboratory. Current epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae disease in England and Wales is also reported. RESULTS Median anti-PRP IgG concentrations were highest among 1 year olds at 4.4 µg/mL (IQR, 1.3-14.9; n = 99) and then declined rapidly but remained ≥1.0 µg/mL across the age-groups in the cohort eligible for the 12-month booster. Overall, 89% of children (719/817) had anti-PRP concentrations ≥0.15 µg/mL, the putative threshold for short-term protection against invasive Hib disease. During 2012-2016, annual Hib disease incidence remained below one case per million population, responsible for only 67 of 3523 laboratory-confirmed H. influenzae cases, including one case of Hib meningitis during the 5-year period. There were only two deaths within 30 days over the five-year period (case fatality rate, 3.0%). CONCLUSIONS Hib control in England and Wales is currently the best achieved since the vaccine was introduced more than two decades ago. However, Hib antibodies wane rapidly after the 12 months booster. Although most children remain protected against disease, antibody levels may not be high enough to prevent carriage among toddlers. Ongoing monitoring is essential to inform future vaccination policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Collins
- Immunisation Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - David Litt
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Rachael Almond
- Meningococcal Reference Unit, Public Health England, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie Findlow
- Meningococcal Reference Unit, Public Health England, Manchester, UK
| | - Ezra Linley
- Meningococcal Reference Unit, Public Health England, Manchester, UK
| | - Mary Ramsay
- Immunisation Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Ray Borrow
- Meningococcal Reference Unit, Public Health England, Manchester, UK
| | - Shamez Ladhani
- Immunisation Department, Public Health England, London, UK; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St. George's University of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Murdaca G, Orsi A, Spanò F, Faccio V, Puppo F, Durando P, Icardi G, Ansaldi F. Vaccine-preventable infections in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:632-43. [PMID: 26750996 PMCID: PMC4964666 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by abnormal autoantibody production and clearance. Infections are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in SLE patients; they have an increased frequency of severe bacterial and viral infections possibly due to inherited genetic and immunologic defects and to immunosuppressive therapies. In addition, infectious agents can switch on lupus disease expression and activity. Among the strategies to reduce the risk of infection, vaccination can be considered the most reliable option. Most vaccines are effective and safe in SLE patients, although in certain cases immunogenicity may be sub-optimal and vaccination can trigger a flare. Although these issues are currently unresolved, the risk benefit balance is in favor for vaccination to reduce the risk of infection in SLE patients. In the present review we discuss the preventive strategies currently recommended to reduce bacterial and viral infections in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy and Clinical Immunology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. University Hospital San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy and Hygiene Unit, I.R.C.C.S. University Hospital San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Spanò
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy and Clinical Immunology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. University Hospital San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Faccio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy and Hygiene Unit, I.R.C.C.S. University Hospital San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Puppo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy and Clinical Immunology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. University Hospital San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Durando
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy and Occupational Medicine Unit, I.R.C.C.S. University Hospital San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy and Hygiene Unit, I.R.C.C.S. University Hospital San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo Ansaldi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy and Hygiene Unit, I.R.C.C.S. University Hospital San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu JL, Tao H, Li JX, Dai WM, Song B, Sun JF, Liu P, Tang J, Liu WY, Wang SY, Zhu FC. Safety and immunogenocity of a novel combined Haemophilus influenzae type b-Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C-tetanus-toxoid conjugate vaccine in healthy Chinese children aged 6 months to 5 years old. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:1120-8. [PMID: 25833163 PMCID: PMC4514299 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1033592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel combined Haemophilus influenzae type b-Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C-tetanus-toxoid conjugate vaccine (Hib-MenAC vaccine) has been developed to protect children against diseases caused by Hib, MenA, and MenC. This study investigated the safety and immunogenicity of the Hib-MenAC vaccine administered in 2-dose series to children aged 6-23 months and in a single dose to children aged 2-5 y. A randomized, positive-controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial was conducted for 1200 healthy participants in each age group. Within each age group, participants were randomly allocated to the Hib-MenAC group or the control group at a ratio of 1:1. Adverse reactions were recorded within 28 d after each dose. Blood samples were obtained to assess immunogenicity on day 0 and at 28 d after a complete vaccination course. For the investigational vaccine, the incidence of total adverse reactions in vaccinees aged 6-23 months was 46.8% and that in vaccinees aged 2-5 y was 29.8%. Most adverse reactions were mild or moderate. One non-fatal serious adverse event occurred in the Hib-MenAC group, but was unrelated to vaccination. The seroconversion rate to the 3 components reached 94.0%, and the proportion of vaccinees with rSBA titers ≥ 1:8 and PRP ≥ 0.15 g/mL reached 97.0% in both age groups. The safety and immunogenicity of the Hib-MenAC vaccine were non-inferior when compared to the licensed vaccines. It was concluded that the novel vaccine would be expected to protect children against all of the targeted diseases.
Collapse
Key Words
- ATP, according to protocol
- CI, confidence interval
- EPI, Expanded Program on Immunization
- GMCs, geometric mean concentrations
- GMTs, geometric mean titers
- Haemophilus influenzae type b
- Hib, Haemophilus influenzae
- Hib-MenAC vaccine, combined Haemophilus influenzae
- MenA, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A
- MenC, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C
- Neisseria meningitidis
- PRP, polyribosylribitol phosphate
- RD, rate difference
- SAEs, serious adverse events
- children
- china
- conjugate vaccine
- rSBA, a serum bactericidal assay using baby rabbit complement
- type b
- type b–Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C-tetanus-toxoid conjugate vaccine
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Child, Preschool
- China
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/pathology
- Female
- Haemophilus Infections/prevention & control
- Haemophilus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Haemophilus Vaccines/adverse effects
- Haemophilus Vaccines/immunology
- Haemophilus influenzae type b/immunology
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infant
- Male
- Meningococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Meningococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Meningococcal Vaccines/adverse effects
- Meningococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A/immunology
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/immunology
- Tetanus Toxoid/administration & dosage
- Tetanus Toxoid/immunology
- Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Combined/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Combined/immunology
- Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Conjugate/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-li Hu
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Tao
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-xin Li
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University & National Engineering Research Center for Immunological Products; Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-ming Dai
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Song
- Royal (Wuxi) Biological Co., Ltd.; Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-fang Sun
- School of Public Health in Southeast University; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Liu
- School of Public Health in Southeast University; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Funing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-yu Liu
- Funing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-yuan Wang
- School of Public Health in Southeast University; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-cai Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wall EC, Everett DB, Mukaka M, Bar-Zeev N, Feasey N, Jahn A, Moore M, van Oosterhout JJ, Pensalo P, Baguimira K, Gordon SB, Molyneux EM, Carrol ED, French N, Molyneux ME, Heyderman RS. Bacterial meningitis in Malawian adults, adolescents, and children during the era of antiretroviral scale-up and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination, 2000-2012. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:e137-45. [PMID: 24496208 PMCID: PMC4001285 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We documented bacterial meningitis trends among adults and children presenting to a large teaching hospital in Malawi during introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination and the rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS We analyzed data from 51 000 consecutive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from adults, adolescents, and children with suspected meningitis admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, between 2000 and 2012. RESULTS There was a significant decline in the total number of CSF isolates over 12 years (incident rate ratio [IRR], 0.93; 95% CI, .92-.94; P < .001). This decline was entirely in children aged <5 years (IRR, 0.87; 95% CI, .85-.88; P < .001) and coincided with the introduction of Hib vaccination. The number of adult isolates has remained unchanged (IRR, 0.99; 95% CI, .97-1.0; P = .135) despite rapid scale-up of ART provision. In children aged <5 years, Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontyphoidal salmonellae (NTS), and Hib were the most frequently isolated pathogens, and have declined over this time period. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated pathogen in older children and adults. Estimated incidence of bacterial meningitis in 2012 was 20 per 100,000 cases in children aged <14 years, 6 per 100,000 adolescents, and 10 per 100,000 adults. CONCLUSIONS Rates of bacterial meningitis have declined in children, but not adults, coinciding with the introduction of Hib vaccination. The highly successful rollout of ART has not yet resulted in a reduction in the incidence in adults where the burden remains high. Long-term surveillance of bacterial meningitis outside of the epidemic "meningitis belt" in Africa is essential.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
- Bacterial Capsules
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/microbiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Drug Utilization
- HIV Infections/complications
- HIV Infections/epidemiology
- Haemophilus Vaccines
- Haemophilus influenzae type b/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infant
- Malawi/epidemiology
- Meningitis, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid
- Meningitis, Bacterial/complications
- Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology
- Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology
- Meningitis, Haemophilus/complications
- Meningitis, Haemophilus/epidemiology
- Meningitis, Haemophilus/microbiology
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/complications
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology
- Meningitis, Pneumococcal/complications
- Meningitis, Pneumococcal/epidemiology
- Meningitis, Pneumococcal/microbiology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Wall
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Three bacteria--Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis--account for most acute bacterial meningitis. Measurement of the effect of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines is most reliable for H influenzae meningitis because one serotype and one age group account for more than 90% of cases and the incidence has been best measured in high-income countries where these vaccines have been used longest. Pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis are caused by diverse serotypes and have a wide age distribution; measurement of their incidence is complicated by epidemics and scarcity of surveillance, especially in low-income countries. Near elimination of H influenzae meningitis has been documented after vaccine introduction. Despite greater than 90% reductions in disease attributable to vaccine serotypes, all-age pneumococcal meningitis has decreased by around 25%, with little data from low-income settings. Near elimination of serogroup C meningococcal meningitis has been documented in several high-income countries, boding well for the effect of a new serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine in the African meningitis belt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B McIntyre
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aerosol-Based Efficient Delivery of Clarithromycin, a Macrolide Antimicrobial Agent, to Lung Epithelial Lining Fluid and Alveolar Macrophages for Treatment of Respiratory Infections. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2012; 25:110-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2011.0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
10
|
Abstract
In this issue of Immunity, a collection of detailed reviews summarizes needs, opportunities, and roadblocks to the development of new vaccines, all in the context of our current knowledge and understanding of key aspects of immune function and microbial interactions with the host. This Perspective is designed to provide a broad overview that discusses our present limitations in designing effective novel vaccines for diseases that do not typically induce robust resistance in infected individuals and how the addition of a systems-level, multiplexed approach to the analysis of the human immune system can complement traditional highly focused research efforts to accelerate our progress toward this goal and the improvement of human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Program in Systems Immunology and Infectious Disease Modeling, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
HALLANDER HANSO, LEPP TIIA, LJUNGMAN MARGARETHA, NETTERLID EVA, ANDERSSON MIKAEL. Do we need a booster of Hib vaccine after primary vaccination? A study on anti-Hib seroprevalence in Sweden 5 and 15 years after the introduction of universal Hib vaccination related to notifications of invasive disease. APMIS 2010; 118:878-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Togami K, Chono S, Seki T, Morimoto K. Aerosol-based efficient delivery of telithromycin, a ketolide antimicrobial agent, to lung epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages for treatment of respiratory infections. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:861-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903551319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
13
|
[Prevention of respiratory tract diseases]. Internist (Berl) 2009; 49:170-7. [PMID: 18210024 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-007-1997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There are multiple possibilities for pulmonary or bronchial damage and their number exceeds that for the other organ systems dealt with in this issue. This multiplicity of diseases which are at least in part attributable to exogenous damage gives rise to manifold approaches to prevention. This overview does not claim to be complete. It is however intended to clarify the possibilities that exist for the prevention of pulmonary diseases. In addition, it intends to show that effective primary and occasionally secondary and tertiary prevention is inadequately utilized in pulmonology or not even used at all. Against the background that individual preventive measures in pulmonology are considerably more successful than curative measures, also from a health economics point of view, various options for successful prevention are described. The great need for studies on the effectiveness of preventive strategies is also addressed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, Morimoto K. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Efficacy of Intrapulmonary Administration of Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Respiratory Infections. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 22:88-95. [PMID: 17495415 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.22.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic efficacy of intrapulmonary administration of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms resisting sterilization systems of alveolar macrophages (AMs) was evaluated by comparison with an oral administration. The time-courses of the concentration of CPFX in AMs and lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) following intrapulmonary administration of CPFX solution to rats (200 microg/kg) were markedly higher than that following oral administration (10 mg/kg). The time-course of the concentrations of CPFX in plasma following intrapulmonary administration was markedly lower than that in AMs and ELF. These results indicate that intrapulmonary administration is more effective in delivering CPFX to AMs and ELF, compared with oral administration, in spite of a low dose and it avoids distribution of CPFX to the blood. In addition, the antibacterial effects of CPFX in AMs and ELF following intrapulmonary administration were evaluated by pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics analysis. The concentration of CPFX in AMs and ELF-time curve (AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration of CPFX (MIC) ratio and the maximum concentration of CPFX in AMs and ELF (Cmax)/MIC ratio were markedly higher than the effective values. The present study indicates that intrapulmonary administration of CPFX is an effective technique for the treatment of respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|