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Radu CM, Radu CC, Arbănaşi EM, Hogea T, Murvai VR, Chiș IA, Zaha DC. Exploring the Efficacy of Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Periodontitis: A Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:468. [PMID: 38672739 PMCID: PMC11050937 DOI: 10.3390/life14040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a prevalent oral condition, is facing difficulties in therapeutic approaches, sometimes leading to failure. This literature review was conducted to investigate the diversity of other therapeutic approaches and their potential contributions to the successful management of the disease. This research scrutinized the alterations in microbial diversity and imbalances in crucial microbial species, which contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Within the limitations of this study, we highlight the importance of understanding the treatment plan's role in periodontitis disease, opening the way for further research and innovative treatment plans to mitigate the impact of periodontitis on oral health. This will aid both healthcare professionals and patients in preventing and effectively treating periodontitis, ultimately improving oral health outcomes and overall systemic health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra-Maria Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Carmen Corina Radu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil-Marian Arbănaşi
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mureș County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timur Hogea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Viorela Romina Murvai
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana-Andreea Chiș
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Carmen Zaha
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
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2
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Žiemytė M, Lopez-Roldan A, Carda-Diéguez M, Reglero-Santaolaya M, Rodriguez A, Ferrer MD, Mira A. Personalized antibiotic selection in periodontal treatment improves clinical and microbiological outputs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1307380. [PMID: 38179425 PMCID: PMC10765594 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1307380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated disease that is usually treated by non-surgical biofilm elimination with or without antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment in periodontal patients is typically selected empirically or using qPCR or DNA hybridization methods. These approaches are directed towards establishing the levels of different periodontal pathogens in periodontal pockets to infer the antibiotic treatment. However, current methods are costly and do not consider the antibiotic susceptibility of the whole subgingival biofilm. Methods In the current manuscript, we have developed a method to culture subgingival samples ex vivo in a fast, label-free impedance-based system where biofilm growth is monitored in real-time under exposure to different antibiotics, producing results in 4 hours. To test its efficacy, we performed a double-blind, randomized clinical trial where patients were treated with an antibiotic either selected by the hybridization method (n=32) or by the one with the best effect in the ex vivo growth system (n=32). Results Antibiotic selection was different in over 80% of the cases. Clinical parameters such as periodontal pocket depth, attachment level, and bleeding upon probing improved in both groups. However, dental plaque was significantly reduced only in the group where antibiotics were selected according to the ex vivo growth. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing showed a larger reduction in periodontal pathogens and a larger increase in health-associated bacteria in the ex vivo growth group. Discussion The results of clinical and microbiological parameters, together with the reduced cost and low analysis time, support the use of the impedance system for improved individualized antibiotic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Lopez-Roldan
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Reglero-Santaolaya
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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3
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Villanueva-Castellote Á, Llena Puy C, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira Á, Ferrer MD. Ex vivo evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity in samples from endodontic infections. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 15:2160536. [PMID: 36583208 PMCID: PMC9793940 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2160536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop an in vitro model for real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm growth and evaluate the ex vivo effect of antibiotics on biofilm growth. Material and Methods Root canal samples were taken from 40 patients and inoculated into 96-well plates in a system that measures biofilm growth through electrical impedance. Biofilm bacterial composition at the genus and species level was analyzed by Illumina sequencing. ANCOM-BC corrected data were used to compare bacterial composition after antibiotic treatment through compositional analysis, and to compare microbiological with clinical data. Results The stationary phase was reached at 8 hours. The biofilm formed had a similar bacterial composition to the inoculum, and Enterococcus faecalis was virtually absent from the samples. The bacterial composition and the effect of antibiotics were sample-dependent. Metronidazole was the antibiotic that most inhibited biofilm formation and azithromycin the one that inhibited it in the highest percentage of cases. The antibiotic effect could not be related to the biofilm original bacterial composition. Conclusions The impedance system allowed real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm formation, and we propose it as a model for ex vivo evaluation of the whole biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials, as opposed to evaluating antibiotic sensitivity of specific bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Llena Puy
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain,CONTACT Carmen Llena Puy Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Álex Mira
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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4
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Aggarwal N, Kitano S, Puah GRY, Kittelmann S, Hwang IY, Chang MW. Microbiome and Human Health: Current Understanding, Engineering, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 123:31-72. [PMID: 36317983 PMCID: PMC9837825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is composed of a collection of dynamic microbial communities that inhabit various anatomical locations in the body. Accordingly, the coevolution of the microbiome with the host has resulted in these communities playing a profound role in promoting human health. Consequently, perturbations in the human microbiome can cause or exacerbate several diseases. In this Review, we present our current understanding of the relationship between human health and disease development, focusing on the microbiomes found across the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems as well as the skin. We further discuss various strategies by which the composition and function of the human microbiome can be modulated to exert a therapeutic effect on the host. Finally, we examine technologies such as multiomics approaches and cellular reprogramming of microbes that can enable significant advancements in microbiome research and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Aggarwal
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Shohei Kitano
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Ginette Ru Ying Puah
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore,Wilmar
International Limited, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - Sandra Kittelmann
- Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore,Wilmar
International Limited, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore,Singapore
Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore,Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore,E-mail:
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Li H, Xu J, Li X, Hu Y, Liao Y, Zhou W, Song Z. Anti-inflammatory activity of psoralen in human periodontal ligament cells via estrogen receptor signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8754. [PMID: 33888745 PMCID: PMC8062431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoralen is one of the most effective ingredients extracted from the Chinese herb, Psoralea corylifolia L. Studies have found that psoralen has anti-inflammatory and estrogen-like effects; however, little research has been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects. Through the molecule docking assay, psoralen was found to have a better combination with ERα than ERβ. In human periodontal ligament cells, psoralen was found to upregulate the estrogen target genes (e.g., CTSD, PGR, TFF1) and down-regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) stimulated by P. gingivalis LPS, as well as TLR4-IRAK4-NF-κb signaling pathway proteins. These effects were reversed by the ER antagonist ICI 182780. These results indicated that psoralen may exert anti-inflammatory effects as an agonist to ER, which could provide a theoretical basis for the use of psoralen for adjuvant therapy and prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxiao Li
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Dekaboruah E, Suryavanshi MV, Chettri D, Verma AK. Human microbiome: an academic update on human body site specific surveillance and its possible role. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2147-2167. [PMID: 32524177 PMCID: PMC7284171 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human body is inhabited by vast number of microorganisms which form a complex ecological community and influence the human physiology, in the aspect of both health and diseases. These microbes show a relationship with the human immune system based on coevolution and, therefore, have a tremendous potential to contribute to the metabolic function, protection against the pathogen and in providing nutrients and energy. However, of these microbes, many carry out some functions that play a crucial role in the host physiology and may even cause diseases. The introduction of new molecular technologies such as transcriptomics, metagenomics and metabolomics has contributed to the upliftment on the findings of the microbiome linked to the humans in the recent past. These rapidly developing technologies are boosting our capacity to understand about the human body-associated microbiome and its association with the human health. The highlights of this review are inclusion of how to derive microbiome data and the interaction between human and associated microbiome to provide an insight on the role played by the microbiome in biological processes of the human body as well as the development of major human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elakshi Dekaboruah
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | | | - Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
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7
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Balmasova IP, Lomakin YA, Babaev EA, Tsarev VN, Gabibov AG, Smirnov IV, Knorre VD, Ovchinnikova LA, Gnuchev NV, Khurs EN, Deev MS, Kostin NN, Arutyunov SD. "Shielding" of Cytokine Induction by the Periodontal Microbiome in Patients with Periodontitis Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:79-87. [PMID: 31993238 PMCID: PMC6977959 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-79-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases, especially those with polymicrobial etiology, are often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, proceeding more severely and affecting the course of diabetes mellitus. Recently, this feature has been associated with the ability of periodontopathogen microflora to cause not only a local infectious process in the oral cavity, but also to interact with the human immune system and induce various systemic effects. We investigated changes in the salivary cytokine profile of patients with chronic periodontitis, associated and not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We observed a statistically significant decrease of MCP-1/CCL2, GM-CSF, IL-5, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with patients with chronic periodontitis only. All of these cytokines are associated with macrophage activation. These data are an important contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of periodontopathogens involvement in the manifestation of the systemic effects of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. P. Balmasova
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - Y. A. Lomakin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - E. A. Babaev
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - V. N. Tsarev
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - A. G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - I. V. Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - V. D. Knorre
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - L. A. Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - N. V. Gnuchev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - E. N. Khurs
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - M. S. Deev
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198 Russia
| | - N. N. Kostin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - S. D. Arutyunov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473 Russia
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The sensitive detection of ODAM by using sandwich-type biosensors with a cognate pair of aptamers for the early diagnosis of periodontal disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:122-128. [PMID: 30396019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to develop biosensors which could diagnose periodontal diseases in early phases and predict the illness stage of patients, in order to give them adequate treatment timely. Human odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (ODAM) is considered to be a potential biomarker for periodontal diseases, based on high correlation between the level of ODAM in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the degree of periodontitis. Many aptamers, including a cognate pair of aptamers which can bind to the different sites of ODAM, were successfully screened in a very stringent condition employing saliva as a counter target through the graphene oxide-based systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (GO-SELEX). For the characterization of the aptamer candidates, GO-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (GO-FRET) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays were conducted. The sandwich-type binding of a cognate pair of aptamers to ODAM was additionally confirmed by employing circular dichroism (CD) and magnetic beads-based fluorescence imaging methods. The resulting cognate pair of aptamers, OD64 and OD35, were found to have their dissociation constant (Kd), 47.71 nM and 51.36 nM, respectively. The minimum detectable concentrations of a sandwich-type SPR biosensor were found to be 0.24 nM and 1.63 nM, respectively, for both buffered and saliva samples. Finally, using this cognate pair of aptamers, a sandwich-type lateral flow strip biosensor was successfully realized. This research shows the potential for implementation of a cognate pair of aptamers on point-of-care biosensors which enables simple, rapid, and non-invasive saliva-based diagnosis of periodontal-related diseases that can overcome current diagnostic methods and improve health care system.
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Walker MY, Pratap S, Southerland JH, Farmer-Dixon CM, Lakshmyya K, Gangula PR. Role of oral and gut microbiome in nitric oxide-mediated colon motility. Nitric Oxide 2018; 73:81-88. [PMID: 28602746 PMCID: PMC6104390 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD), a severe form of gum disease, is among the most prevalent chronic infection in humans and is associated with complex microbial synergistic dysbiosis in the subgingival cavity. The immune system of the body interacts with the microbes as the plaque extends and propagates below the gingival sulcus. Once bacteria reach the gingival sulcus, it can enter the blood stream and affect various areas of the human body. The polymicrobial nature of periodontal disease, if left untreated, promotes chronic inflammation, not only within the oral cavity, but also throughout the human body. Alterations seen in the concentrations of healthy gut microbiota may lead to systemic alterations, such as gut motility disorders, high blood pressure, and atherosclerosis. Although gut microbiome has been shown to play a vital role in intestinal motility functions, the role of oral bacteria in this setting remains to be investigated. It is unclear whether oral microbial DNA is present in the large intestine and, if so, whether it alters the gut microbiome. In addition, polybacterial infection induced PD reduced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and antioxidant enzymes in rodent colon. In this review, we will discuss the interactions between oral and gut microbiome, specifics of how the oral microbiome may modulate the activities of the gut microbiome, and possible ramifications of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Y Walker
- Department of Oral Biology & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Siddharth Pratap
- Biomedical Informatics Core School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Janet H Southerland
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cherae M Farmer-Dixon
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kesavalu Lakshmyya
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Pandu R Gangula
- Department of Oral Biology & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.
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10
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da Costa LFNP, Amaral CDSF, Barbirato DDS, Leão ATT, Fogacci MF. Chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in chronic periodontitis: A meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2017; 148:308-318. [PMID: 28284417 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through a systematic literature review, the authors evaluated the use of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy for chronic periodontitis. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors performed a systematic search by using PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The authors selected randomized controlled clinical trials in which the investigators evaluated the probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) in test groups by using CHX as an adjuvant and in control groups and subject to mechanical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing [SRP] 4-6 visits or 24 hours). RESULTS The literature search resulted in 8 articles, which the authors then assessed for quality. After testing for heterogeneity, the authors performed a meta-analysis only in the SRP group with 4 to 6 visits. Results were positive for both PD and CAL with use of CHX. However, the summary measure was significant (P < .05) only for PD at 40 to 60 days (0.33 millimeters; 95% confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.58 mm) and 180 days (0.24 mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.47 mm) of follow-up, showing positive results for the use of CHX at those times. Although those differences were statistically significant, they could be interpreted as clinically slight. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Adjunctive use of CHX mouthrinse with mechanical SRP resulted in slightly greater PD reduction than did SRP alone. Clinicians must consider the small additional gain in PD reduction, negligible effect on CAL, and potential for tooth staining when using CHX as an adjunct to SRP in treating chronic periodontitis.
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Falkenstein S, Stein JM, Henne K, Conrads G. Trends in antibiotic use and microbial diagnostics in periodontal treatment: comparing surveys of German dentists in a ten-year period. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2203-2210. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G. 16S rRNA based microarray analysis of ten periodontal bacteria in patients with different forms of periodontitis. Anaerobe 2015; 35:35-40. [PMID: 25638399 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
DNA microarray analysis is a computer based technology, that a reverse capture, which targets 10 periodontal bacteria (ParoCheck) is available for rapid semi-quantitative determination. The aim of this three-year retrospective study was to display the microarray analysis results for the subgingival biofilm samples taken from patient cases diagnosed with different forms of periodontitis. A total of 84 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP,n:29), generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP, n:25), peri-implantitis (PI,n:14), localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP,n:8) and refractory chronic periodontitis (RP,n:8) were consecutively selected from the archives of the Oral Microbiological Diagnostic Laboratory. The subgingival biofilm samples were analyzed by the microarray-based identification of 10 selected species. All the tested species were detected in the samples. The red complex bacteria were the most prevalent with very high levels in all groups. Fusobacterium nucleatum was detected in all samples at high levels. The green and blue complex bacteria were less prevalent compared with red and orange complex, except Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitas was detected in all LAP group. Positive correlations were found within all the red complex bacteria and between red and orange complex bacteria especially in GCP and GAP groups. Parocheck enables to monitoring of periodontal pathogens in all forms of periodontal disease and can be alternative to other guiding and reliable microbiologic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursen Topcuoglu
- Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Guven Kulekci
- Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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14
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Xu P, Gunsolley J. Application of metagenomics in understanding oral health and disease. Virulence 2014; 5:424-32. [PMID: 24642489 DOI: 10.4161/viru.28532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases including periodontal disease and caries are some of the most prevalent infectious diseases in humans. Different microbial species cohabitate and form a polymicrobial biofilm called dental plaque in the oral cavity. Metagenomics using next generation sequencing technologies has produced bacterial profiles and genomic profiles to study the relationships between microbial diversity, genetic variation, and oral diseases. Several oral metagenomic studies have examined the oral microbiome of periodontal disease and caries. Gene annotations in these studies support the association of specific genes or metabolic pathways with oral health and with specific diseases. The roles of pathogenic species and functions of specific genes in oral disease development have been recognized by metagenomic analysis. A model is proposed in which three levels of interactions occur in the oral microbiome that determines oral health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- VCU Philips Institute; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA; Center for the Study of Biological Complexity; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
| | - John Gunsolley
- Periodontics Department; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
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15
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Bogdanovska L, Sali S, Popovska M, Muratovska I, Dimitrovska A, Petkovska R. Therapeutic effects of local drug delivery systems - PerioChip®
in the treatment of periodontal disease. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2014. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of periodontal treatment is to stop periodontal disease progression and reduce future risks in disease recurrence. In order to overcome the limitations of the conventional treatment, controlled drug delivery systems for application in periodontal pockets have been developed. Their use offers several advantages: the therapeutic agent is targeted directly to the disease site and concentrations are 10-100 folds higher than the concentrations achieved by systemic administration, with low incidence of side effects.
The PerioChip® is as local controlled-release biodegradable delivery system containing chlorhexidine digluconate. Several multicenter clinical trials have shown that the application of the PerioChip® in periodontal pockets as adjunct to the conventional periodontal treatment significantly improved the clinical parameters. In this article, the results from controlled clinical studies aimed to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the PerioChip®, are discussed.
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16
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Amissah-Arthur KN, Farooq TA, Dhillon N, Cunliffe IA, Bansal A. Rare case of post-cataract-surgery Prevotella endophthalmitis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction DNA sequencing. J Cataract Refract Surg 2013; 39:463-6. [PMID: 23506923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the presentation, diagnosis, and management of endophthalmitis caused by the opportunistic Prevotella species. The case was referred to us following uneventful phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Accurate identification of this rare cause of endophthalmitis was made using bacterial polymerase chain reaction DNA sequencing. Subsequent prompt modification of antibacterial therapy allowed resolution of signs and symptoms and significant visual recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of diagnosis and management of post-cataract-surgery endophthalmitis caused by the opportunistic Prevotella species.
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17
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Fine DH, Sreenivasan PK, McKiernan M, Tischio-Bereski D, Furgang D. Whole mouth antimicrobial effects after oral hygiene: comparison of three dentifrice formulations. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:1056-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Fine
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Jersey Dental School, - UMDNJ; Newark; NJ; USA
| | | | - Marie McKiernan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Jersey Dental School, - UMDNJ; Newark; NJ; USA
| | - Debra Tischio-Bereski
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Jersey Dental School, - UMDNJ; Newark; NJ; USA
| | - David Furgang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Jersey Dental School, - UMDNJ; Newark; NJ; USA
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Bogdanovska L, Kukeska S, Popovska M, Petkovska R, Goracinova K. Therapeutic strategies in the treatment of periodontitis. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2012. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2012.58.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory process which affects the tooth - supporting structures of the teeth. The disease is initiated by subgingival periopathogenic bacteria in susceptible periodontal sites. The host immune response towards periodontal pathogens helps to sustain periodontal disease and eventual alveolar bone loss. Although scaling and root planing is the standard treatment modality for periodontitis, it suffers from several drawbacks such as the inability to reach the base of deep pockets and doesn’t arrest migration of periodontal pathogens from other sites in the oral cavity. In order to overcome the limitations of scaling and root planning, adjunctive chemotherapeutics and host modulatory agents to the treatment are used. These therapeutic agents show substantial beneficial effects when compared to scaling and root planning alone. This review will cover an update on chemotherapeutic and past and future host immune modulatory agents used adjunctively to treat and manage periodontal diseases.
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19
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Zarco MF, Vess TJ, Ginsburg GS. The oral microbiome in health and disease and the potential impact on personalized dental medicine. Oral Dis 2011; 18:109-20. [PMID: 21902769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Every human body contains a personalized microbiome that is essential to maintaining health but capable of eliciting disease. The oral microbiome is particularly imperative to health because it can cause both oral and systemic disease. The oral microbiome rests within biofilms throughout the oral cavity, forming an ecosystem that maintains health when in equilibrium. However, certain ecological shifts in the microbiome allow pathogens to manifest and cause disease. Severe forms of oral disease may result in systemic disease at different body sites. Microbiomics and metagenomics are two fields of research that have emerged to identify the presence of specific microbes in the body and understand the nature of the microbiome activity during both health and disease. The analysis of the microbiome and its genomes will pave the way for more effective therapeutic and diagnostic techniques and, ultimately, contribute to the development of personalized medicine and personalized dental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Zarco
- Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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Sreenivasan PK, Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ. The effect of a microbead dentifrice on microbial load in oral microenvironments. Int J Dent Hyg 2011; 9:136-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2010.00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Feldman M, Tanabe S, Epifano F, Genovese S, Curini M, Grenier D. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of 4-hydroxycordoin: potential therapeutic benefits. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:26-31. [PMID: 21158427 DOI: 10.1021/np100547b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxycordoin (1), a natural isopentenyloxychalcone, is a plant secondary metabolite that is relatively rare. Since there are very few reports about the biological activities of 1, its potential benefits for periodontal disease were investigated. A marked and dose-dependent antibacterial activity of 1 was observed against the three major periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia. Moreover, compound 1 showed an antiadhesion effect, since it inhibited attachment of P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells. Finally, using a macrophage model, the ability of 1 to inhibit the secretion of inflammatory mediators induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide was demonstrated. The anti-inflammatory effect observed was associated with reduced activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Feldman
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
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22
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Hu D, Li X, Sreenivasan PK, DeVizio W. A randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the antimicrobial effects of a cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse on dental plaque bacteria. Clin Ther 2009; 31:2540-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oliveira TM, Sakai VT, Machado MAAM, Dionísio TJ, Cestari TM, Taga R, Amaral SL, Santos CF. COX-2 inhibition decreases VEGF expression and alveolar bone loss during the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1062-9. [PMID: 18533784 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a macromolecule of importance in inflammation that has been implicated in periodontitis. The aims of this study were to investigate VEGF expression during the progression of periodontal disease and to evaluate the effect of a preferential cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor meloxicam on VEGF expression and alveolar bone loss in experimentally induced periodontitis. METHODS A total of 120 Wistar rats were randomly separated into groups 1 (control) and 2 (meloxicam, 3 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, for 3, 7, 14, or 30 days). Silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of the lower right first molar of all rats. VEGF expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. The hemiarcades were processed for histopathologic analysis. RT-PCR and WB results were submitted to analysis of variance, the Tukey test, and Pearson correlation analysis (P <0.05). RESULTS A reduction in alveolar bone resorption was observed in the meloxicam-treated group compared to the control group at all periods studied. There was a positive correlation between COX-2 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in the gingival tissues and periodontal disease (R = 0.80; P = 0.026). Meloxicam significantly reduced the increased mRNA VEGF expression in diseased tissues after 14 days of treatment (P = 0.023). Some alterations in VEGF receptor 1 mRNA expression were observed, but these were not statistically significant. VEGF protein expression in WB experiments was significantly higher in diseased sites compared to healthy sites (P <0.05). After 14 days of treatment with meloxicam, an important decrease in VEGF protein expression was detected in diseased tissues (P = 0.08). Qualitative IHC analysis revealed that VEGF protein expression was higher in diseased tissues and decreased in tissues from rats treated with meloxicam. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest an important role for VEGF in the progression of periodontal disease. Systemic therapy with meloxicam can modify the progression of experimentally induced periodontitis in rats by reducing VEGF expression and alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais M Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Genetic diversity of Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates recovered from single "refractory" periodontitis sites. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:5817-21. [PMID: 18641158 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00225-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilocus sequence typing and fimA genotyping were performed on Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates from 15 subjects with "refractory" periodontitis. Several sequence types were detected for most individual pockets. The variation indicated recombination at the recA and pepO genes. The prevalence of fimA genotypes II and IV confirmed their association with periodontitis.
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25
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Soory M. A role for non-antimicrobial actions of tetracyclines in combating oxidative stress in periodontal and metabolic diseases: a literature review. Open Dent J 2008; 2:5-12. [PMID: 19088876 PMCID: PMC2581528 DOI: 10.2174/1874210600802010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the role of adjunctive tetracycline therapy in the management of periodontal diseases and its efficacy in reducing inflammatory burden, oxidative stress and its sequelae in patients with coexisting features of metabolic syndrome. Removal of the dimethylamine group at C4 of the tetracycline molecule reduces its antibiotic properties, enhancing its non-antimicrobial actions; this strategy has aided the development of several chemically modified tetracyclines such as minocycline and doxycycline, by altering different regions of the molecule for focused action on biological targets. Tetracyclines are effective in reducing inflammation by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases, preventing excessive angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating bone formation. There are important applications for tetracyclines in the management of diabetic, dyslipidaemic periodontal patients who smoke. The diverse mechanisms of action of tetracyclines in overcoming oxidative stress and enhancing matrix synthesis are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soory
- Periodontology, King's College London Dental Institute at G KT Hospitals, King's College Dental Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE 5 9RW, UK
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