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Gupta R, Gupta J, Roy S. Exosomes: Key Players for Treatment of Cancer and Their Future Perspectives. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:118-147. [PMID: 38407852 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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2
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Sharma S, Rana R, Prakash P, Ganguly NK. Drug target therapy and emerging clinical relevance of exosomes in meningeal tumors. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:127-170. [PMID: 37016182 PMCID: PMC10072821 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor. In recent decades, several efforts have been made to eradicate this disease. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the standard treatment options for these tumors. Drug therapy comes to play its role when both surgery and radiotherapy fail to treat the tumor. This mostly happens when the tumors are close to vital brain structures and are nonbenign. Although a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular targeted drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, alkylating agents, endocrine drugs, interferon, and targeted molecular pathway inhibitors have been studied, the roles of numerous drugs remain unexplored. Recent interest is growing toward studying and engineering exosomes for the treatment of different types of cancer including meningioma. The latest studies have shown the involvement of exosomes in the theragnostic of various cancers such as the lung and pancreas in the form of biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and vaccines. Proper attention to this new emerging technology can be a boon in finding the consistent treatment of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Prem Prakash
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
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3
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Grange C, Dalmasso A, Cortez JJ, Spokeviciute B, Bussolati B. Exploring the role of urinary extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology, aging, and disease progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1439-C1450. [PMID: 37842748 PMCID: PMC10861146 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00349.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membranous vesicles present in all body fluids, are considered important messengers, carrying their information over long distance and modulating the gene expression profile of recipient cells. EVs collected in urine (uEVs) are mainly originated from the apical part of urogenital tract, following the urine flow. Moreover, bacterial-derived EVs are present within urine and may reflect the composition of microbiota. Consolidated evidence has established the involvement of uEVs in renal physiology, being responsible for glomerular and tubular cross talk and among different tubular segments. uEVs may also be involved in other physiological functions such as modulation of innate immunity, coagulation, or metabolic activities. Furthermore, it has been recently remonstrated that age, sex, endurance excise, and lifestyle may influence uEV composition and release, modifying their cargo. On the other hand, uEVs appear modulators of different urogenital pathological conditions, triggering disease progression. uEVs sustain fibrosis and inflammation processes, both involved in acute and chronic kidney diseases, aging, and stone formation. The molecular signature of uEVs collected from diseased patients can be of interest for understanding kidney physiopathology and for identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Dalmasso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Judiel John Cortez
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Spokeviciute
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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4
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Yan S, Huang Z, Chen X, Chen H, Yang X, Gao M, Zhang X. Metabolic profiling of urinary exosomes for systemic lupus erythematosus discrimination based on HPL-SEC/MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6411-6420. [PMID: 37644324 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which leads to the formation of immune complex deposits in multiple organs and has heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Currently, exosomes for liquid biopsy have been applied in diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, whereas SLE discrimination based on exosomes at the metabolic level is rarely reported. Herein, we constructed a protocol for metabolomic study of urinary exosomes from SLE patients and healthy controls (HCs) with high efficiency and throughput. Exosomes were first obtained by high-performance liquid size-exclusion chromatography (HPL-SEC), and then metabolic fingerprints of urinary exosomes were extracted by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with high throughput and high efficency. With the statistical analysis by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model, SLE patients were efficiently distinguished from HCs, the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver characteristic curve (ROC) was 1.00, and the accuracy of the unsupervised clustering heatmap was 90.32%. In addition, potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were analyzed. This method, with the characteristics of high throughput, high efficiency, and high accuracy, will provide the broad prospect of exosome-driven precision medicine and large-scale screening in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohan Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhongzhou Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingxia Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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5
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Yalameha B, Reza Nejabati H. Urinary Exosomal Metabolites: Overlooked Clue for Predicting Cardiovascular Risk. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117445. [PMID: 37315726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, increasing research has focused on urinary exosomes (UEs) in biological fluids and their relationship with physiological and pathological processes. UEs are membranous vesicles with a size of 40-100 nm, containing a number of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs. These vesicles are an inexpensive non-invasive source that can be used in clinical settings to differentiate healthy patients from diseased patients, thereby serving as potential biomarkers for the early identification of disease. Recent studies have reported the isolation of small molecules called exosomal metabolites from individuals' urine with different diseases. These metabolites could utilize for a variety of purposes, such as the discovery of biomarkers, investigation of mechanisms related to disease development, and importantly prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors, including thrombosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia as well as homocysteine. It has been indicated that alteration in urinary metabolites of N1-methylnicotinamide, 4-aminohippuric acid, and citric acid can be valuable in predicting cardiovascular risk factors, providing a novel approach to evaluating the pathological status of CVDs. Since the UEs metabolome has been clearly and precisely so far unexplored in CVDs, the present study has specifically addressed the role of the mentioned metabolites in the prediction of CVDs risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Yalameha
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Ramesh D, Bakkannavar S, Bhat VR, Sharan K. Extracellular vesicles as novel drug delivery systems to target cancer and other diseases: Recent advancements and future perspectives. F1000Res 2023; 12:329. [PMID: 37868300 PMCID: PMC10589634 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132186.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles produced into the extracellular space by cells. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBD), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes are examples of EVs, which act as essential regulators in cell-cell communication in both normal and diseased conditions. Natural cargo molecules such as miRNA, messenger RNA, and proteins are carried by EVs and transferred to nearby cells or distant cells through the process of circulation. Different signalling cascades are then influenced by these functionally active molecules. The information to be delivered to the target cells depends on the substances within the EVs that also includes synthesis method. EVs have attracted interest as potential delivery vehicles for therapies due to their features such as improved circulation stability, biocompatibility, reduced immunogenicity, and toxicity. Therefore, EVs are being regarded as potent carriers of therapeutics that can be used as a therapeutic agent for diseases like cancer. This review focuses on the exosome-mediated drug delivery to cancer cells and the advantages and challenges of using exosomes as a carrier molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ramesh
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shankar Bakkannavar
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vinutha R Bhat
- Biochemistry, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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7
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Li M, Li L, Zheng J, Li Z, Li S, Wang K, Chen X. Liquid biopsy at the frontier in renal cell carcinoma: recent analysis of techniques and clinical application. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 36810071 PMCID: PMC9942319 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a major pathological type of kidney cancer and is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The unremarkable symptoms of early stages, proneness to postoperative metastasis or recurrence, and low sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy pose a challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of RCC. Liquid biopsy is an emerging test that measures patient biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA/cell-free tumor DNA, cell-free RNA, exosomes, and tumor-derived metabolites and proteins. Owing to its non-invasiveness, liquid biopsy enables continuous and real-time collection of patient information for diagnosis, prognostic assessment, treatment monitoring, and response evaluation. Therefore, the selection of appropriate biomarkers for liquid biopsy is crucial for identifying high-risk patients, developing personalized therapeutic plans, and practicing precision medicine. In recent years, owing to the rapid development and iteration of extraction and analysis technologies, liquid biopsy has emerged as a low cost, high efficiency, and high accuracy clinical detection method. Here, we comprehensively review liquid biopsy components and their clinical applications over the past 5 years. Additionally, we discuss its limitations and predict its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Li
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Shenyang, 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Shenyang, 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Shenyang, 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Shenyang, 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Liang F, Zhang D, Qi S, Liu Y. Metabolites as extracellular vesicle cargo in health, cancer, pleural effusion, and cardiovascular diseases: An emerging field of study to diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114046. [PMID: 36469967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly diverse nanoscale membrane-bound structures released from different cell types into the extracellular environment. They play essential functions in cell signaling by transporting their cargo, such as proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, metabolites, and small molecules, to recipient cells. It has recently been shown that EVs might modulate carcinogenesis by delivering cargo to recipient cells. Furthermore, recent discoveries revealed that changes in plasma-derived EV levels and cargo in subjects with metabolic diseases were documented by many researchers, suggesting that EVs might be a promising source of disease biomarkers. One of the cargos of EVs that has recently attracted the most attention is metabolites. The metabolome of these vesicles introduces a plethora of disease indicators; hence, examining the metabolomics of EVs detected in human biofluids would be an effective approach. On the other hand, metabolites have various roles in biological systems, including the production of energies, synthesizing macromolecules, and serving as signaling molecules and hormones. Metabolome rewiring in cancer and stromal cells is a characteristic of malignancy, but the current understanding of how this affects the metabolite composition and activity of tumor-derived EVs remains in its infancy. Since new findings and studies in the field of exosome biology and metabolism are constantly being published, it is likely that diagnostic and treatment techniques, including the use of exosome metabolites, will be launched in the coming years. Recent years have seen increased interest in the EV metabolome as a possible source for biomarker development. However, our understanding of the role of these molecules in health and disease is still immature. In this work, we have provided the latest findings regarding the role of metabolites as EV cargoes in the pathophysiology of diseases, including cancer, pleural effusion (PE), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also discussed the significance of metabolites as EV cargoes of microbiota and their role in host-microbe interaction. In addition, the latest findings on metabolites in the form of EV cargoes as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment are presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - DuoDuo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
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9
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The distinct roles of exosomes in innate immune responses and therapeutic applications in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175292. [PMID: 36150532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is one of the major constituents of the host's defense against invading pathogens and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in regulating its responses. Exosomes, a subclass of EVs, released from eukaryotic cells, contribute to intracellular communication and drive various biological processes by transferring nuclei acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates between cells, protecting cargo from enzymatic degradation and immune recognition and consequent elimination by the immune system. A growing body of evidence has revealed that exosomes produced from host cells, infected cells, tumor cells, and immune cells regulate innate immune signaling and responses and thus play a significant role in the propagation of pathogens. Immune cells can recognize exosomes-bearing components including DNA strands, viral RNAs, and even proteins by various mechanisms such as through Toll-like receptor/NF-κB signaling, inducing cytokine production and reprogramming the innate immune responses, immunosuppression or immunesupportive. There is persuasive preclinical and clinical evidence that exosomes are therapeutic strategies for immunotherapy, cancer vaccine, drug-delivery system, and diagnostic biomarker. However, further scrutiny is essential to validate these findings. In this review, we describe the current facts on the regulation of innate immune responses by exosomes. We also describe the translational application of exosomes as cancer-therapy agents and immunotherapy.
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Bernardino RMM, Leão R, Henrique R, Pinheiro LC, Kumar P, Suravajhala P, Beck HC, Carvalho AS, Matthiesen R. Extracellular Vesicle Proteome in Prostate Cancer: A Comparative Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413605. [PMID: 34948404 PMCID: PMC8707426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics based on discovery research holds the promise of improving screening methods for prostate cancer (PCa). Furthermore, the congregated information prompts the question whether the urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV) proteome has been thoroughly explored, especially at the proteome level. In fact, most extracellular vesicles (EV) based biomarker studies have mainly targeted plasma or serum. Therefore, in this study, we aim to inquire about possible strategies for urinary biomarker discovery particularly focused on the proteome of urine EVs. Proteomics data deposited in the PRIDE archive were reanalyzed to target identifications of potential PCa markers. Network analysis of the markers proposed by different prostate cancer studies revealed moderate overlap. The recent throughput improvements in mass spectrometry together with the network analysis performed in this study, suggest that a larger standardized cohort may provide potential biomarkers that are able to fully characterize the heterogeneity of PCa. According to our analysis PCa studies based on urinary EV proteome presents higher protein coverage compared to plasma, plasma EV, and voided urine proteome. This together with a direct interaction of the prostate gland and urethra makes uEVs an attractive option for protein biomarker studies. In addition, urinary proteome based PCa studies must also evaluate samples from bladder and renal cancers to assess specificity for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Miguel Marques Bernardino
- Computational and Experimental Biology Group, Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-050 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.B.); (R.M.); Tel.: +351-939218696 (R.M.M.B. & R.M.)
| | - Ricardo Leão
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Rui Henrique
- Pathology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Luis Campos Pinheiro
- Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-050 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India;
- Somaiya Institute of Research and Consultancy (SIRAC), Somaiya Vidyavihar University (SVU), Vidyavihar, Mumbai 400077, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Campus, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690525, India;
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Centre for Clinical Proteomics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Ana Sofia Carvalho
- Computational and Experimental Biology Group, Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- Computational and Experimental Biology Group, Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.B.); (R.M.); Tel.: +351-939218696 (R.M.M.B. & R.M.)
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11
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Mammes A, Pasquier J, Mammes O, Conti M, Douard R, Loric S. Extracellular vesicles: General features and usefulness in diagnosis and therapeutic management of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1561-1598. [PMID: 34853637 PMCID: PMC8603448 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the world, among all type of cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed in males and the second in females. In most of cases, (RP1) patients’ prognosis limitation with malignant tumors can be attributed to delayed diagnosis of the disease. Identification of patients with early-stage disease leads to more effective therapeutic interventions. Therefore, new screening methods and further innovative treatment approaches are mandatory as they may lead to an increase in progression-free and overall survival rates. For the last decade, the interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) research has exponentially increased as EVs generation appears to be a universal feature of every cell that is strongly involved in many mechanisms of cell-cell communication either in physiological or pathological situations. EVs can cargo biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and generate transmission signal through the intercellular transfer of their content. By this mechanism, tumor cells can recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of EVs production in colorectal normal and cancer tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of EVs for early CRC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis as EVs have come into the spotlight of research as a high potential source of ‘liquid biopsies’. The use of EVs as new targets or nanovectors as drug delivery systems for CRC therapy is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Mammes
- INSERM UMR-938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Unit, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- INSERM UMR-938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Unit, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris 75012, France
| | | | - Marc Conti
- INSERM UMR-938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Unit, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris 75012, France
- Metabolism Research Unit, Integracell SAS, Longjumeau 91160, France
| | - Richard Douard
- UCBM, Necker University Hospital, Paris 75015, France
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Clinique Bizet, Paris 75016, France
| | - Sylvain Loric
- INSERM UMR-938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Unit, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris 75012, France
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12
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Erozenci LA, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Bijnsdorp IV, Jimenez CR. Longitudinal stability of urinary extracellular vesicle protein patterns within and between individuals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15629. [PMID: 34341426 PMCID: PMC8329217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein content of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) is considered to be an attractive non-invasive biomarker source. However, little is known about the consistency and variability of urinary EV proteins within and between individuals over a longer time-period. Here, we evaluated the stability of the urinary EV proteomes of 8 healthy individuals at 9 timepoints over 6 months using data-independent-acquisition mass spectrometry. The 1802 identified proteins had a high correlation amongst all samples, with 40% of the proteome detected in every sample and 90% detected in more than 1 individual at all timepoints. Unsupervised analysis of top 10% most variable proteins yielded person-specific profiles. The core EV-protein-interaction network of 516 proteins detected in all measured samples revealed sub-clusters involved in the biological processes of G-protein signaling, cytoskeletal transport, cellular energy metabolism and immunity. Furthermore, gender-specific expression patterns were detected in the urinary EV proteome. Our findings indicate that the urinary EV proteome is stable in longitudinal samples of healthy subjects over a prolonged time-period, further underscoring its potential for reliable non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla A. Erozenci
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R. Piersma
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V. Pham
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene V. Bijnsdorp
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R. Jimenez
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Beeraka NM, Doreswamy SH, Sadhu SP, Srinivasan A, Pragada RR, Madhunapantula SV, Aliev G. The Role of Exosomes in Stemness and Neurodegenerative Diseases-Chemoresistant-Cancer Therapeutics and Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186818. [PMID: 32957534 PMCID: PMC7555629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes exhibit a wide range of biological properties and functions in the living organisms. They are nanometric vehicles and used for delivering drugs, as they are biocompatible and minimally immunogenic. Exosomal secretions derived from cancer cells contribute to metastasis, immortality, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, stemness and chemo/radio-resistance. Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lnc RNAs) are involved in the pathophysiology of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells, astrocytes, macrophages, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are involved in the cancer progression and stemness as they induce chemotherapeutic drug resistance in several cancer cells. This review covered the recent research advances in understanding the role of exosomes in cancer progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness and drug resistance by illustrating the modulatory effects of exosomal cargo (ex. miRNA, lncRNAs, etc.) on cell signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and cancer stem cell growth and development. Recent reports have implicated exosomes even in the treatment of several cancers. For instance, exosomes-loaded with novel anti-cancer drugs such as phytochemicals, tumor-targeting proteins, anticancer peptides, nucleic acids are known to interfere with drug resistance pathways in several cancer cell lines. In addition, this review depicted the need to develop exosome-based novel diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of cancers and neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, the role of exosomes in stroke and oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (N.M.B.); (S.H.D.)
| | - Shalini H. Doreswamy
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (N.M.B.); (S.H.D.)
| | - Surya P. Sadhu
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.P.S.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Asha Srinivasan
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Division of Nanoscience and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeswara Rao Pragada
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.P.S.); (R.R.P.)
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (S.V.M.); or (G.A.); Tel.: +1-440-263-7461 or +7-964-493-1515 (G.A.)
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (S.V.M.); or (G.A.); Tel.: +1-440-263-7461 or +7-964-493-1515 (G.A.)
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Ahmadi M, Rezaie J. Tumor cells derived-exosomes as angiogenenic agents: possible therapeutic implications. J Transl Med 2020; 18:249. [PMID: 32571337 PMCID: PMC7310379 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multistep process and various molecules are involved in regulating it. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived particles, secreted from several types of cells and are known to mediate cell-to-cell communication. These vesicles contain different bio-molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which are transported between cells and regulate physiological and pathological conditions in the recipient cell. Exosomes, 30–150 nm extracellular vesicles, and their key roles in tumorigenesis via promoting angiogenesis are of great recent interest. In solid tumors, the suitable blood supply is the hallmark of their progression, growth, and metastasis, so it can be supported by angiogenesis. Tumor cells abundantly release exosomes containing different kinds of biomolecules such as angiogenic molecules that contribute to inducing angiogenesis. These exosomes can be trafficked between tumor cells or between tumor cells and endothelial cells. The protein and nucleic acid cargo of tumor derived-exosomes can deliver to endothelial cells mostly by endocytosis, and then induce angiogenesis. Tumor derived-exosomes can be used as biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Targeting exosome-induced angiogenesis may serve as a promising tool for cancer therapy. Taken together, tumor derived-exosomes are the major contributors in tumor angiogenesis and a supposed target for antiangiogenic therapies. However, further scrutiny is essential to investigate the function of exosomes in tumor angiogenesis and clinical relevance of targeting exosomes for suppressing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ahmadi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.
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15
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Morelli AM, Ravera S, Calzia D, Panfoli I. An update of the chemiosmotic theory as suggested by possible proton currents inside the coupling membrane. Open Biol 2020; 9:180221. [PMID: 30966998 PMCID: PMC6501646 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how biological systems convert and store energy is a primary purpose of basic research. However, despite Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory, we are far from the complete description of basic processes such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and photosynthesis. After more than half a century, the chemiosmotic theory may need updating, thanks to the latest structural data on respiratory chain complexes. In particular, up-to date technologies, such as those using fluorescence indicators following proton displacements, have shown that proton translocation is lateral rather than transversal with respect to the coupling membrane. Furthermore, the definition of the physical species involved in the transfer (proton, hydroxonium ion or proton currents) is still an unresolved issue, even though the latest acquisitions support the idea that protonic currents, difficult to measure, are involved. Moreover, FoF1-ATP synthase ubiquitous motor enzyme has the peculiarity (unlike most enzymes) of affecting the thermodynamic equilibrium of ATP synthesis. It seems that the concept of diffusion of the proton charge expressed more than two centuries ago by Theodor von Grotthuss is to be taken into consideration to resolve these issues. All these uncertainties remind us that also in biology it is necessary to consider the Heisenberg indeterminacy principle, which sets limits to analytical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maria Morelli
- 1 Pharmacy Department, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- 2 Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova , Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- 1 Pharmacy Department, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- 2 Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova , Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova , Italy
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16
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Biological surface properties in extracellular vesicles and their effect on cargo proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13048. [PMID: 31506490 PMCID: PMC6736982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultracentrifugationon sucrose density gradientappears to be the best purification protocol for extracellular vesicle (EVs) purification. After this step, to reduce disulfide bridges linking exogenous proteins to the vesicles, the collected samples are routinely washed and treated with dithiothreitol (DTT). Such incubations are performed at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 95 °C, with either Tris or PBS as buffers. We re-investigated these steps on both exosomes and microvesicles purified from blood (serum) and urine by electrophoretic separation, silver staining and western blots analysis. Data confirm that an extra centrifugation on a sucrose cushion can effectively eliminate contaminants. Tris buffer (50 Mm) and β-mercaptoethanol as a reducing agent at room temperature dramatically improved either sample cleaning. By contrast, especially for exosomes PBS buffer and DTT, above 37 °C, caused massive protein aggregations, yielding blurred SDS-PAGE gels in both samples. Immuno-blot analyses demonstrated that in PBS-DTT contamination with albumin (in serum) or with uromodulin (in urine) occurs. DTT, likely due to its two–SH groups, might form scrambled SS-bonds promoting EVs interaction with environmental macromolecules via disulphide bridges. Therefore, to obtain maximum vesicle purity for biomarker investigations and to maximize both presence of EVs proteins and their accessibility, use of DTT is not recommended.
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17
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Rahbarghazi R, Jabbari N, Sani NA, Asghari R, Salimi L, Kalashani SA, Feghhi M, Etemadi T, Akbariazar E, Mahmoudi M, Rezaie J. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: reliable tools for Cancer diagnosis and clinical applications. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:73. [PMID: 31291956 PMCID: PMC6617682 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have recently revealed that almost every type of cells including tumor cells abundantly release small vesicles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular milieu. EVs carry a repertoire of biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and transport their cargo between cells in the vicinity as well as distantly located cells and hence act as messengers of intercellular communication. In this review, we aimed to discuss the tumor-derived exosome biology and the pivotal roles of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and treatment. METHODS In the present review study, the authors studied several articles over the past two decades published on the kinetics of EVs in tumor environment as well as on the application of these vesicles in cancer diagnosis and therapy. RESULTS A growing body of evidence indicates that nucleic acids such as microRNAs (miRNAs) transferring by EVs participate to create a conducive tumor environment. As EV-associated miRNAs are tissue-specific and present in most biological fluids, they hold great potential for clinical application in cancer early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. Furthermore, exosomes can serve as drug delivery vehicles transferring miRNAs as well as therapeutic agents to target cells. These nano-vesicles exhibit ideal properties in comparison with the synthetic carriers that attracted scientist's attention in the field of nanotechnology medicine. Scientists have employed different strategies to build exosomes-based drug delivery system. In general, two methods (direct engineering and indirect engineering) are being utilized to produce artificial exosomes. Para-clinical data have confirmed the beneficial effects of engineering exosomes in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Exosomal miRNAs hold great promise for clinical application in early diagnosis and treatment of cancers. In addition, in spite of enthusiastic results obtained by engineered exosomes, however, there is an increasing concern over the use of optimal methods for engineering exosomes and the safety of engineered exosomes in clinical trials is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Jabbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Imaging, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Neda Abbaspour Sani
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran
| | - Rahim Asghari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.,Department of Oncology, Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Salimi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Asghari Kalashani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Feghhi
- Department of Medical Physics and Imaging, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Tahereh Etemadi
- Department of biology, faculty of sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Elinaz Akbariazar
- Department of Genetic, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.
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18
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Erozenci LA, Böttger F, Bijnsdorp IV, Jimenez CR. Urinary exosomal proteins as (pan‐)cancer biomarkers: insights from the proteome. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1580-1597. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Ayse Erozenci
- Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Franziska Böttger
- Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Irene V. Bijnsdorp
- OncoProteomics Laboratory Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Urology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Connie R. Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
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19
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Ellis R, Katerelos M, Choy SW, Cook N, Lee M, Paizis K, Pell G, Walker S, Power DA, Mount PF. Increased expression and phosphorylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase isoforms in urinary exosomes in pre-eclampsia. J Transl Med 2019; 17:60. [PMID: 30819197 PMCID: PMC6394033 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycolysis is altered in various kidney diseases, but little is known about glycolysis in pre-eclampsia, a multi-system disorder with major pathological effects on the kidney. Urinary exosomes provide a non-invasive alternative for studying changes in kidney metabolism. This study aims to characterise the expression and phosphorylation of isozymes of the key glycolytic regulatory protein, 6-phosphofructokinase-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2), in urinary exosomes of subjects with pre-eclampsia (PE), compared to normotensive non-pregnant (NC) and normotensive pregnant (NP) controls. Methods A cross-sectional study of NC (n = 19), NP (n = 23) and PE (n = 29) subjects was performed. Exosomes were isolated from urine samples by differential ultracentrifugation, and then analyzed by Western blot and densitometry for expression of PFK-2/FBPase-2 isozymes (PFKFB2, PFKFB3 and PFKFB4) and phosphorylation of PFKFB2 at residues Ser483 and Ser466 and PFKFB3 at Ser461. Results PFKFB2 expression was increased 4.7-fold in PE compared to NP (p < 0.001). PFKFB2 phosphorylation at Ser483 was increased 2.6-fold in PE compared to NP (p = 0.002). Expression of phosphorylated PFKFB2/PFKFB3 at Ser466/Ser461 was increased in PE, being present in 77.4% (95% CI 59.9–88.9%) of PE and 8.3% (95% CI 1.2–27.0%) of NP samples (p < 0.001). PFKFB3 was more commonly expressed in PE, detected in 90.3% (95% CI 74.3–97.4%) of PE and 8.3% (95% CI 1.2–27.0%) of NP samples (p < 0.001). PFKFB4 had a 7.2-fold increase in expression in PE compared to NP (p < 0.001). No significant differences between NP and NC groups were observed. Conclusion Regulatory proteins that increase glycolysis are increased in the urinary exosomes of subjects with pre-eclampsia, suggesting that renal glycolysis may be increased in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ellis
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - M Katerelos
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - S W Choy
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - N Cook
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - M Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - K Paizis
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - G Pell
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - S Walker
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - D A Power
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - P F Mount
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. .,Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Australia.
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20
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Panfoli I, Santucci L, Bruschi M, Petretto A, Calzia D, Ramenghi LA, Ghiggeri G, Candiano G. Microvesicles as promising biological tools for diagnosis and therapy. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:801-808. [PMID: 30253662 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1528149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shed by most cells, in response to a myriad of stimuli, extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry proteins, lipids, and various nucleic acids. EVs encompass diverse subpopulations differing for biogenesis and content. Among these, microvesicles (MVs) derived from plasma membrane, are key regulators of physiopathological cellular processes including cancer, inflammation and infection. This review is unique in that it focuses specifically on the MVs as a mediator of information transfer. In fact, few proteomic studies have rigorously distinguished MVs from exosomes. Areas covered: Aim of this review is to discuss the proteomic analyses of the MVs. Many studies have examined mixed populations containing both exosomes and MVs. We discuss MVs' role in cell-specific interactions. We also show their emerging roles in therapy and diagnosis. Expert commentary: We see MVs as therapeutic tools for potential use in precision medicine. They may also have potential for allowing the identification of new biomarkers. MVs represent an invaluable tool for studying the cell of origin, which they closely represent, but it is critical to build a repository with data from MVs to deepen our understanding of their molecular repertoire and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Panfoli
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia-DIFAR , Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Laura Santucci
- b Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- b Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- c Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia-DIFAR , Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Luca A Ramenghi
- d Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ghiggeri
- b Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- b Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
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21
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Kriebel PW, Majumdar R, Jenkins LM, Senoo H, Wang W, Ammu S, Chen S, Narayan K, Iijima M, Parent CA. Extracellular vesicles direct migration by synthesizing and releasing chemotactic signals. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2891-2910. [PMID: 29884750 PMCID: PMC6080930 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201710170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotactic signals are relayed to neighboring cells through the secretion of additional chemoattractants. We previously showed in Dictyostelium discoideum that the adenylyl cyclase A, which synthesizes the chemoattractant cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), is present in the intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that coalesce at the back of cells. Using ultrastructural reconstructions, we now show that ACA-containing MVBs release their contents to attract neighboring cells. We show that the released vesicles are capable of directing migration and streaming and are central to chemotactic signal relay. We demonstrate that the released vesicles not only contain cAMP but also can actively synthesize and release cAMP to promote chemotaxis. Through proteomic, pharmacological, and genetic approaches, we determined that the vesicular cAMP is released via the ABCC8 transporter. Together, our findings show that extracellular vesicles released by Ddiscoideum cells are functional entities that mediate signal relay during chemotaxis and streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Kriebel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ritankar Majumdar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hiroshi Senoo
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Weiye Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sonia Ammu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Song Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
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22
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de la Torre Gomez C, Goreham RV, Bech Serra JJ, Nann T, Kussmann M. "Exosomics"-A Review of Biophysics, Biology and Biochemistry of Exosomes With a Focus on Human Breast Milk. Front Genet 2018; 9:92. [PMID: 29636770 PMCID: PMC5881086 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biomolecular nanostructures released from cells. They carry specific biomolecular information and are mainly researched for their exquisite properties as a biomarker source and delivery system. We introduce exosomes in the context of other extracellular vesicles, describe their biophysical isolation and characterisation and discuss their biochemical profiling. Motivated by our interest in early-life nutrition and health, and corresponding studies enrolling lactating mothers and their infants, we zoom into exosomes derived from human breast milk. We argue that these should be more extensively studied at proteomic and micronutrient profiling level, because breast milk exosomes provide a more specific window into breast milk quality from an immunological (proteomics) and nutritional (micronutrient) perspective. Such enhanced breast milk exosome profiling would thereby complement and enrich the more classical whole breast milk analysis and is expected to deliver more functional insights than the rather descriptive analysis of human milk, or larger fractions thereof, such as milk fat globule membrane. We substantiate our arguments by a bioinformatic analysis of two published proteomic data sets of human breast milk exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renee V. Goreham
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joan J. Bech Serra
- Proteomics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Nann
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Martin Kussmann
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- National Science Challenge “High-Value Nutrition”, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Puhka M, Takatalo M, Nordberg ME, Valkonen S, Nandania J, Aatonen M, Yliperttula M, Laitinen S, Velagapudi V, Mirtti T, Kallioniemi O, Rannikko A, Siljander PRM, af Hällström TM. Metabolomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles and Alternative Normalization Methods Reveal Enriched Metabolites and Strategies to Study Prostate Cancer-Related Changes. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:3824-3841. [PMID: 29109780 PMCID: PMC5667407 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluids are a rich source of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry cargo derived from the secreting cells. So far, biomarkers for pathological conditions have been mainly searched from their protein, (mi)RNA, DNA and lipid cargo. Here, we explored the small molecule metabolites from urinary and platelet EVs relative to their matched source samples. As a proof-of-concept study of intra-EV metabolites, we compared alternative normalization methods to profile urinary EVs from prostate cancer patients before and after prostatectomy and from healthy controls. Methods: We employed targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to profile over 100 metabolites in the isolated EVs, original urine samples and platelets. We determined the enrichment of the metabolites in the EVs and analyzed their subcellular origin, pathways and relevant enzymes or transporters through data base searches. EV- and urine-derived factors and ratios between metabolites were tested for normalization of the metabolomics data. Results: Approximately 1 x 1010 EVs were sufficient for detection of metabolite profiles from EVs. The profiles of the urinary and platelet EVs overlapped with each other and with those of the source materials, but they also contained unique metabolites. The EVs enriched a selection of cytosolic metabolites including members from the nucleotide and spermidine pathways, which linked to a number of EV-resident enzymes or transporters. Analysis of the urinary EVs from the patients indicated that the levels of glucuronate, D-ribose 5-phosphate and isobutyryl-L-carnitine were 2-26-fold lower in all pre-prostatectomy samples compared to the healthy control and post-prostatectomy samples (p < 0.05). These changes were only detected from EVs by normalization to EV-derived factors or with metabolite ratios, and not from the original urine samples. Conclusions: Our results suggest that metabolite analysis of EVs from different samples is feasible using a high-throughput platform and relatively small amount of sample material. With the knowledge about the specific enrichment of metabolites and normalization methods, EV metabolomics could be used to gain novel biomarker data not revealed by the analysis of the original EV source materials.
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Gracia T, Wang X, Su Y, Norgett EE, Williams TL, Moreno P, Micklem G, Frankl FEK. Urinary Exosomes Contain MicroRNAs Capable of Paracrine Modulation of Tubular Transporters in Kidney. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40601. [PMID: 28094285 PMCID: PMC5240140 DOI: 10.1038/srep40601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from all nephron segments are present in human urine, where their functionality is incompletely understood. Most studies have focused on biomarker discovery rather than exosome function. Through sequencing we identified the miRNA repertoire of urinary exosomes from healthy volunteers; 276 mature miRNAs and 345 pre-miRNAs were identified (43%/7% of reads). Among the most abundant were members of the miR-10, miR-30 and let-7 families. Targets for the identified miRNAs were predicted using five different databases; genes encoding membrane transporters and their regulators were enriched, highlighting the possibility that these miRNAs could modulate key renal tubular functions in a paracrine manner. As proof of concept, cultured renal epithelial cells were exposed to urinary exosomes and cellular exosomal uptake was confirmed; thereafter, reduced levels of the potassium channel ROMK and kinases SGK1 and WNK1 were observed in a human collecting duct cell line, while SPAK was unaltered. In proximal tubular cells, mRNA levels of the amino acid transporter gene SLC38A2 were diminished and reflected in a significant decrement of its encoded protein SNAT2. Protein levels of the kinase SGK1 did not change. Thus we demonstrated a novel potential function for miRNA in urinary exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannia Gracia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth E. Norgett
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Pablo Moreno
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gos Micklem
- Departments of Genetic, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona E. Karet Frankl
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Isolation and mass spectrometry analysis of urinary extraexosomal proteins. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36331. [PMID: 27805059 PMCID: PMC5090863 DOI: 10.1038/srep36331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis method of urinary exosomal proteins that has the potential to discover disease biomarkers. In short, urinary exosomes from healthy subjects were isolated by immunocapture on magnetic beads, detected by immunofluorescence and TEM, trypsin digested directly on the beads for an accelerated time with no addition of detergents before performing an LC-MS analysis of the trypsinate. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic analysis of proteins displayed on the outer surface of exosomes. The outer exosome proteome may contain proteins that are of higher biomarker value compared to soluble cargo protein as the proteins projecting into the extracellular milieu might be more directly involved in physiological functions of exosomes. The proteomic analysis identified 49 proteins that were considered significant; the majority is involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism or in immune responses. Thirty of the proteins are linked to diseases. The developed proteomic method exploiting urinary exosomes might be of great value in search for diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of especially metabolic and immune-related diseases.
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Pashoutan Sarvar D, Shamsasenjan K, Akbarzadehlaleh P. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: New Opportunity in Cell-Free Therapy. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:293-299. [PMID: 27766213 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are involved in tissue homeostasis through direct cell-to-cell interaction, as well as secretion of soluble factors. Exosomes are the sort of soluble biological mediators that obtained from MSCs cultured media in vitro. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-DEs) which produced under physiological or pathological conditions are central mediators of intercellular communications by conveying proteins, lipids, mRNAs, siRNA, ribosomal RNAs and miRNAs to the neighbor or distant cells. MSC-DEs have been tested in various disease models, and the results have revealed that their functions are similar to those of MSCs. They have the supportive functions in organisms such as repairing tissue damages, suppressing inflammatory responses, and modulating the immune system. MSC-DEs are of great interest in the scope of regenerative medicine because of their unique capacity to the regeneration of the damaged tissues, and the present paper aims to introduce MSC-DEs as a novel hope in cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davod Pashoutan Sarvar
- Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li J, Chen X, Yi J, Liu Y, Li D, Wang J, Hou D, Jiang X, Zhang J, Wang J, Zen K, Yang F, Zhang CY, Zhang Y. Identification and Characterization of 293T Cell-Derived Exosomes by Profiling the Protein, mRNA and MicroRNA Components. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163043. [PMID: 27649079 PMCID: PMC5029934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived exosomes are leading candidates for in vivo drug delivery carriers. In particular, exosomes derived from 293T cells are used most frequently, although exosome dosing has varied greatly among studies. Considering their biological origin, it is crucial to characterize the molecular composition of exosomes if large doses are to be administered in clinical settings. In this study, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the protein, messenger RNA and microRNA profiles of 293T cell-derived exosomes; then, we characterized these data using Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Our study will provide the basis for the selection of 293T cell-derived exosome drug delivery systems. Profiling the exosomal signatures of 293T cells will lead to a better understanding of 293T exosome biology and will aid in the identification of any harmful factors in exosomes that could cause adverse clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiulan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dameng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxia Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (CZ); (FY)
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (CZ); (FY)
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (CZ); (FY)
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Bruschi M, Santucci L, Ravera S, Candiano G, Bartolucci M, Calzia D, Lavarello C, Inglese E, Ramenghi LA, Petretto A, Ghiggeri GM, Panfoli I. Human urinary exosome proteome unveils its aerobic respiratory ability. J Proteomics 2016; 136:25-34. [PMID: 26850698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Exosomes are 40-100-nm vesicles released by most cell types after fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane. Exosomes, ubiquitary in body fluids including urines, contain proteins and RNA species specific of the tissue of origin. Exosomes from urine have been extensively studied as a promising reservoir for disease biomarkers. Here, we report the proteome analysis of urinary exosomes compared to urinoma, studied by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. A discovery approach was utilized on the sample. 3429 proteins were present, with minimal overlapping among exosome and urinoma. 959 proteins (28%) in exosome and 1478 proteins (43%) in urinoma were exclusively present in only one group. By cytoscape analysis, the biological process gene ontology was correlated to their probability (P ≤ 0.05) to be functional. This was never studied before and showed a significant clustering around metabolic functions, in particular to aerobic ATP production. Urinary exosomes carry out oxidative phosphorylation, being able to synthesize ATP and consume oxygen. A previously unsuspected function emerges for human urinary exosomes as bioactive vesicles that consume oxygen to aerobically synthesize ATP. Determination of normal human urine proteome can help generate the healthy urinary protein database for comparison, useful for various renal diseases. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings reported represent a significant advance in the understanding of the healthy human urinary proteome. The methodology utilized to analyze the collection of proteomic data allowed the assessment of the unique composition of urinary exosomes with respect to urinoma and to elucidate the presence in the former of molecular pathways previously unknown. The paper has the potential to impact its field of research, due to the biological relevance of the metabolic capacity of urinary exosomes, which may represent their important general feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Santucci
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Lavarello
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Elvira Inglese
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca A Ramenghi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
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Raimondo F, Cerra D, Magni F, Pitto M. Urinary proteomics for the study of genetic kidney diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:309-24. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1136218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Panfoli I, Ravera S, Podestà M, Cossu C, Santucci L, Bartolucci M, Bruschi M, Calzia D, Sabatini F, Bruschettini M, Ramenghi LA, Romantsik O, Marimpietri D, Pistoia V, Ghiggeri G, Frassoni F, Candiano G. Exosomes from human mesenchymal stem cells conduct aerobic metabolism in term and preterm newborn infants. FASEB J 2015; 30:1416-24. [PMID: 26655706 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles that are able to transfer RNA and proteins to target cells. The emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes as promoters of aerobic ATP synthesis restoration in damaged cells, prompted us to assess whether they contain an extramitochondrial aerobic respiration capacity. Exosomes were isolated from culture medium of human MSCs from umbilical cord of ≥37-wk-old newborns or between 28- to 30-wk-old newborns (i.e.,term or preterm infants). Characterization of samples was conducted by cytofluorometry. Oxidative phosphorylation capacity was assessed by Western blot analysis, oximetry, and luminometric and fluorometric analyses. MSC exosomes express functional respiratory complexes I, IV, and V, consuming oxygen. ATP synthesis was only detectable in exosomes from term newborns, suggestive of a specific mechanism that is not completed at an early gestational age. Activities are outward facing and comparable to those detected in mitochondria isolated from term MSCs. MSC exosomes display an unsuspected aerobic respiratory ability independent of whole mitochondria. This may be relevant for their ability to rescue cell bioenergetics. The differential oxidative metabolism of pretermvs.term exosomes sheds new light on the preterm newborn's clinical vulnerability. A reduced ability to repair damaged tissue and an increased capability to cope with anoxic environment for preterm infants can be envisaged.-Panfoli, I., Ravera, S., Podestà, M., Cossu, C., Santucci, L., Bartolucci, M., Bruschi, M., Calzia, D., Sabatini, F., Bruschettini, M., Ramenghi, L. A., Romantsik, O., Marimpietri, D., Pistoia, V., Ghiggeri, G., Frassoni, F., Candiano, G. Exosomes from human mesenchymal stem cells conduct aerobic metabolism in term and preterm newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Panfoli
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Cossu
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Santucci
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonio Ramenghi
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Olga Romantsik
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ghiggeri
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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