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Peck AB, Ambrus JL. Marginal Zone B (MZB) Cells: Comparison of the Initial Identification of Immune Activity Leading to Dacryoadenitis and Sialadenitis in Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12209. [PMID: 37569583 PMCID: PMC10419086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multiple mouse strains have been advanced as models for Sjögren's syndrome (SS), which is a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily as the loss of lacrimal and salivary gland functions, the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 recombinant inbred (RI) mouse derived from the NOD/ShiLtJ line is considered one of the more appropriate models exhibiting virtually all the characteristics of the human disease. This mouse model, as well as other mouse models of SS, have shown that B lymphocytes are essential for the onset and development of observed clinical manifestations. Recently, studies carried out in the C57BL/6.IL14α transgenic mouse have provided clear evidence that the marginal zone B (MZB) cell population is directly involved in the early pathological events initiating the development of the clinical SS disease, as well as late-stage lymphomagenesis resulting in B-cell lymphomas. Since MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo and in vitro, we carried out a series of ex vivo investigations that utilize temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to profile differentially expressed genes exhibiting temporal upregulation during the initial onset and subsequent development of pathophysiological events within the lacrimal and salivary gland tissues per se or associated with the leukocyte cell migrations into these glands. The initial transcriptomic analyses revealed that while the upregulated gene expression profiles obtained from lacrimal and salivary glands overlap, multiple genetic differences exist between the defined activated pathways. In the current study, we present a concept suggesting that the initial pathological events differ between the two glands, yet the subsequent upregulated TLR4/TLR3 signal transduction pathway that activates the type-1 interferon signature appears to be identical in the two glands and indicates an autoimmune response against dsRNA, possibly a virus. Here, we attempt to put these findings into perspective and determine how they can impact the design of future therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B. Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
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2
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Alexopoulou L. Nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors: Important players in Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980400. [PMID: 36389822 PMCID: PMC9659959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, as well as other organ systems like the lungs, kidneys and nervous system. SS can occur alone or in combination with another autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis. The etiology of SS is unknown but recent studies have revealed the implication of the activation of innate immune receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), mainly through the detection of endogenous nucleic acids, in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Studies on SS mouse models suggest that TLRs and especially TLR7 that detects single-stranded RNA of microbial or endogenous origin can drive the development of SS and findings in SS patients corroborate those in mouse models. In this review, we will give an overview of the function and signaling of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, the interplay of TLR7 with TLR8 and TLR9 in the context of autoimmunity, summarize the evidence for the critical role of TLR7 in the pathogenesis of SS and present a possible connection between SARS-CoV-2 and SS.
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3
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Gerossier E, Nayar S, Froidevaux S, Smith CG, Runser C, Iannizzotto V, Vezzali E, Pierlot G, Mentzel U, Murphy MJ, Martinic MM, Barone F. Cenerimod, a selective S1P 1 receptor modulator, improves organ-specific disease outcomes in animal models of Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:289. [PMID: 34839819 PMCID: PMC8628476 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sjögren’s syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by immune cells predominantly infiltrating the exocrine glands and frequently forming ectopic lymphoid structures. These structures drive a local functional immune response culminating in autoantibody production and tissue damage, associated with severe dryness of mucosal surfaces and salivary gland hypofunction. Cenerimod, a potent, selective and orally active sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 modulator, inhibits the egress of lymphocytes into the circulation. Based on the mechanism of action of cenerimod, its efficacy was evaluated in two mouse models of Sjögren’s syndrome. Methods Cenerimod was administered in two established models of Sjögren’s syndrome; firstly, in an inducible acute viral sialadenitis model in C57BL/6 mice, and, secondly, in the spontaneous chronic sialadenitis MRL/lpr mouse model. The effects of cenerimod treatment were then evaluated by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, histopathology and immunoassays. Comparisons between groups were made using a Mann-Whitney test. Results In the viral sialadenitis model, cenerimod treatment reduced salivary gland immune infiltrates, leading to the disaggregation of ectopic lymphoid structures, reduced salivary gland inflammation and preserved organ function. In the MRL/lpr mouse model, cenerimod treatment decreased salivary gland inflammation and reduced T cells and proliferating plasma cells within salivary gland ectopic lymphoid structures, resulting in diminished disease-relevant autoantibodies within the salivary glands. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that cenerimod can reduce the overall autoimmune response and improve clinical parameters in the salivary glands in models of Sjögren’s syndrome and consequently may reduce histological and clinical parameters associated with the disease in patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02673-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Gerossier
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Saba Nayar
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sylvie Froidevaux
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte G Smith
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Celine Runser
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Iannizzotto
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Vezzali
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Gabin Pierlot
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Mentzel
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Mark J Murphy
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne M Martinic
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.
| | - Francesca Barone
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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4
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Liu Z, Chu A. Sjögren's Syndrome and Viral Infections. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 8:1051-1059. [PMID: 34227038 PMCID: PMC8380615 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-021-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the secretory glands. This leads to dryness of the main mucosal surfaces such as the mouth, eyes, nose, larynx, pharynx, and vagina. Although there is little morbidity data at the initial diagnosis, SS may be a serious disease, with extra mortality caused by hematological cancer. The cause of SS is unknown, but factors postulated to play a role include genetic and environmental factors, hormonal abnormality, and viral infection. Under the influence of these factors, the immune system becomes abnormal and the tissue is damaged. In this study, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the relationship between SS and viral infections, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Rheumatism Immunity, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Aichun Chu
- Department of Rheumatism Immunity, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Xiao J, Duan Y, Miao M, Huang B, Chen J, Cheng G, Zhou X, Jin Y, He J, Li Z, So KF. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide Ameliorates Sjögren's Syndrome in a Murine Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001118. [PMID: 33825332 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS AND RESULTS Non-obese diabetic mice (the pSS model) are randomly divided into four groups: Low dose LBP (LBP.L, 5 mg kg-1 d-1 ), high dose LBP (10 mg kg-1 d-1 ), low dose interleukin (IL)-2 (25 000 IU/d), and control (saline water). Drugs were treated for 12 weeks. LBP.L significantly reduces the salivary gland inflammation compared with the control group (histological score p LBP.L vs Control = 0.019; foci number: p LBP.L vs Control = 0.038). LBP.L also remarkably reduces the effector follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and the CD4+ IL-17A+ helper T (Th17) cells in both spleen and cervical lymph node (cLN) cells. Additionally, the ratios of regulatory T cell (Treg)/Tfh cells and Treg/Th17 cells are substantially increased in mice treated with LBP.L in both spleen and cLNs. LBP also inhibits Th17 and Tfh cells and markedly increases the Treg/Tfh ratio in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION LBP.L inhibits the progression of pSS in mice, associated with modulation of T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinical Research Institute and Department of Interventional Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Miao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebo Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Contributions of Major Cell Populations to Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093057. [PMID: 32971904 PMCID: PMC7564211 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a female dominated autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into salivary and lacrimal glands and subsequent exocrine glandular dysfunction. SS also may exhibit a broad array of extraglandular manifestations including an elevated incidence of non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma. The etiology of SS remains poorly understood, yet progress has been made in identifying progressive stages of disease using preclinical mouse models. The roles played by immune cell subtypes within these stages of disease are becoming increasingly well understood, though significant gaps in knowledge still remain. There is evidence for distinct involvement from both innate and adaptive immune cells, where cells of the innate immune system establish a proinflammatory environment characterized by a type I interferon (IFN) signature that facilitates propagation of the disease by further activating T and B cell subsets to generate autoantibodies and participate in glandular destruction. This review will discuss the evidence for participation in disease pathogenesis by various classes of immune cells and glandular epithelial cells based upon data from both preclinical mouse models and human patients. Further examination of the contributions of glandular and immune cell subtypes to SS will be necessary to identify additional therapeutic targets that may lead to better management of the disease.
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7
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Gao Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yu X, Zheng J. Recent Advances in Mouse Models of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1158. [PMID: 32695097 PMCID: PMC7338666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a complex rheumatoid disease that mainly affects exocrine glands, resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eye). SS is characterized by autoantibodies, infiltration into exocrine glands, and ectopic expression of MHC II molecules on glandular epithelial cells. In contrast to the well-characterized clinical and immunological features, the etiology and pathogenesis of SS remain largely unknown. Animal models are powerful research tools for elucidating the pathogenesis of human diseases. To date, many mouse models of SS, including induced models, in which disease is induced in mice, and genetic models, in which mice spontaneously develop SS-like disease, have been established. These mouse models have provided new insight into the pathogenesis of SS. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the field of experimental SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Gao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Junfeng Zheng
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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8
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Min HK, Moon SJ, Park KS, Kim KJ. Integrated systems analysis of salivary gland transcriptomics reveals key molecular networks in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:294. [PMID: 31856901 PMCID: PMC6921432 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a clinical challenge with high unmet needs. Gene expression profiling and integrative network-based approaches to complex disease can offer an insight on molecular characteristics in the context of clinical setting. Methods An integrated dataset was created from salivary gland samples of 30 SjS patients. Pathway-driven enrichment profiles made by gene set enrichment analysis were categorized using hierarchical clustering. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subjected to functional network analysis, where the elements of the core subnetwork were used for key driver analysis. Results We identified 310 upregulated DEGs, including nine known genetic risk factors and two potential biomarkers. The core subnetwork was enriched with the processes associated with B cell hyperactivity. Pathway-based subgrouping revealed two clusters with distinct molecular signatures for the relevant pathways and cell subsets. Cluster 2, with low-grade inflammation, showed a better response to rituximab therapy than cluster 1, with high-grade inflammation. Fourteen key driver genes appeared to be essential signaling mediators downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and to have a positive relationship with histopathology scores. Conclusion Integrative network-based approaches provide deep insights into the modules and pathways causally related to SjS and allow identification of key targets for disease. Intervention adjusted to the molecular traits of the disease would allow the achievement of better outcomes, and the BCR signaling pathway and its leading players are promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Su Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jo Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Killian M, Batteux F, Paul S. The MRL/lpr Mouse Model: An Important Animal Model for Systemic Sjögren Syndrome and Polyautoimmunity. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:157. [PMID: 31523043 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Killian
- EA 3064, Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Université de Lyon, and Internal Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne;
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Team Stress oxydant, prolifération cellulaire et inflammation, INSERM U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris
| | - Stéphane Paul
- EA 3064, Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
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10
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Vivino FB, Bunya VY, Massaro-Giordano G, Johr CR, Giattino SL, Schorpion A, Shafer B, Peck A, Sivils K, Rasmussen A, Chiorini JA, He J, Ambrus JL. Sjogren's syndrome: An update on disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:81-121. [PMID: 31022578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick B Vivino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Vatinee Y Bunya
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Giacomina Massaro-Giordano
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Chadwick R Johr
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Giattino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Annemarie Schorpion
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Brian Shafer
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ammon Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Kathy Sivils
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - John A Chiorini
- NIH, Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Building 10, Room 1n113, 10 Center DR Msc 1190, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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11
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Saito M, Otsuka K, Ushio A, Yamada A, Arakaki R, Kudo Y, Ishimaru N. Unique Phenotypes and Functions of Follicular Helper T Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Sjögren's Syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019; 14:239-245. [PMID: 28124612 PMCID: PMC6225342 DOI: 10.2174/1573397113666170125122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the systemic exocrine glands, such as salivary and lacrimal glands. A variety of T-cell subpopulations maintain immune tolerance in the thymus and periphery through complex immune responses including cellular and humoral immunity. The T-cell subpopulations exhibiting abnormal or unique phenotypes and impaired functionality have been reported to play important roles in the cellular mechanisms of autoimmunity in SS patients and animal models of SS. In this review, we focused on follicular helper T cells related to antibody production and regulatory T cells to control immune tolerance in the pathogenesis of SS. The unique roles of these T-cell subpopulations in the process of the onset or development of SS have been demonstrated in this review of recent publications. The clinical application of these T-cell subpopulations will be helpful for the development of new techniques for diagnosis or treatment of SS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Saito
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Aya Ushio
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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12
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Gu F, Xu S, Zhang P, Chen X, Wu Y, Wang C, Gao M, Si M, Wang X, Heinrich K, Wu H, Wei W. CP-25 Alleviates Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome Features in NOD/Ltj Mice and Modulates T Lymphocyte Subsets. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:423-434. [PMID: 29665238 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness of the moisture-producing glands such as salivary glands that is characterized by various immune abnormalities. The aetiology of pSS remains unclear and there is no curative agent. In this study, we investigated the putative therapeutic effects on a NOD/Ltj mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome-like disorders of an ester derivative of paeoniflorin, paeoniflorin-6'O-benzene (termed CP-25). Our study showed that CP-25 alleviated effectively clinical manifestations in NOD/Ltj mice resulting, for example, in increased salivary flow and reduced histopathological scores. Furthermore, CP-25 decreased lymphocyte viability in NOD/Ltj mice and attenuated the infiltration of Th1 cells and Th2 cells into the salivary glands of NOD/Ltj mice. In the spleen on NOD/Ltj mice, CP-25 skewed the ratio of Th17 and regulatory T cells towards regulatory T cells. After treatment, concentrations of anti-La/SSB and IgG antibodies were reduced and the titre of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17A in the serum on NOD/Ltj mice was alleviated. Thus, we define CP-25 as a novel compound that is a potent therapeutic agent for pSS by modulating T lymphocyte subsets. Future studies will validate the use of CP-25 as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shixia Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Si
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Korner Heinrich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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13
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Wang X, Shaalan A, Liefers S, Coudenys J, Elewaut D, Proctor GB, Bootsma H, Kroese FGM, Pringle S. Dysregulation of NF-kB in glandular epithelial cells results in Sjögren's-like features. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200212. [PMID: 30067782 PMCID: PMC6070175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune disease primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is characterized by hypofunction of the salivary glands (SGs), the cause of which is not correlated to lymphocytic SG infiltration, as prevailing dogma often states. We knocked out the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway inhibitor A20 in keratin14+ epithelial cells, to investigate if immune activated epithelial cells are capable of initiating pSS SG hallmarks. We show that immune activated epithelial cells can cause T cell dominated leukocytic infiltration and immune foci development of the SGs, reflecting the early clinical picture. Infiltrating leukocytes invaded striated ducts, similar to early stage lymphoepithelial lesions observed clinically. Expression of proinflammatory cyto-/chemokines IFNɣ, TNFα, IL-6, CXCL10 and CXCL13 increased in A20-/- SGs, and functionally both volume and mucin 10 content of whole stimulated saliva from A20-/- mice was significantly reduced. Epithelial cells may therefore represent the initial trigger for pSS SG pathologies, as opposed to simple reactionaries to pre-existing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abeer Shaalan
- Division of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King’s College London Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Liefers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gordon B. Proctor
- Division of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King’s College London Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G. M. Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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14
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Optimising tear replacement rheology in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:195-199. [PMID: 29303147 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is a substantial problem in a large number of human and canine patients. Numerous laboratory models for tear deficiency exist using genetically predisposed rodent models, animals treated with topical anti-muscarinics, or those kept in environments with increased air flow to produce the ocular surface changes seen in human patients. Canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca, seen in many thousands of dogs kept as companion animals, can provide a valuable spontaneous model for testing tear replacement medications that might better model disease in human patients, existing as it does in an outbred population that live in the same environments as their owners. Here the development of a crosslinked hyaluronic acid topical drop is described together with the results of trials on dogs with spontaneous keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Although hyaluronic acid in its native form in tear replacement drops shows a Newtonian rheology, the crosslinked product described here behaves in a non-Newtonian manner, with the same shear thinning shown by the tear film itself. The crosslinked product thus shows itself as a potentially valuable tear replacement medication for the human dry eye population as well as for dogs with the same condition.
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15
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16
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17
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Kiripolsky J, Shen L, Liang Y, Li A, Suresh L, Lian Y, Li QZ, Gaile DP, Kramer JM. Systemic manifestations of primary Sjögren's syndrome in the NOD.B10Sn-H2 b/J mouse model. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:225-232. [PMID: 28526333 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Animal models that recapitulate human disease are crucial for the study of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS). While several SS mouse models exist, there are few primary SS (pSS) models that mimic systemic disease manifestations seen in humans. Similar to pSS patients, NOD.B10Sn-H2b/J (NOD.B10) mice develop exocrine gland disease and anti-nuclear autoantibodies. However, the disease kinetics and spectrum of extra-glandular disease remain poorly characterized in this model. Our objective was to characterize local and systemic SS manifestations in depth in NOD.B10 female mice at early and late disease time points. To this end, sera, exocrine tissue, lung, and kidney were analyzed. NOD.B10 mice have robust lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal tissue. In addition, they exhibit significant renal and pulmonary inflammation. We identified numerous autoantibodies, including those directed against salivary proteins. In conclusion, the NOD.B10 model recapitulates both local and systemic pSS disease and represents an excellent model for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Kiripolsky
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Long Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Autoimmune Division, Trinity Biotech, 60 Pineview Drive, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA
| | - Yichen Liang
- Autoimmune Division, Trinity Biotech, 60 Pineview Drive, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA
| | - Alisa Li
- Autoimmune Division, Trinity Biotech, 60 Pineview Drive, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA
| | - Lakshmanan Suresh
- Autoimmune Division, Trinity Biotech, 60 Pineview Drive, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA; Department of Oral Diagnostics Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Yun Lian
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel P Gaile
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, 718 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Autoimmune Division, Trinity Biotech, 60 Pineview Drive, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA; Department of Oral Diagnostics Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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18
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ. What can Sjögren's syndrome-like disease in mice contribute to human Sjögren's syndrome? Clin Immunol 2017; 182:14-23. [PMID: 28478104 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and Sjögren's syndrome-like (SS-like) disease in patients and mouse models, respectively, have been intensely investigated in attempts to identify the underlying etiologies, the pathophysiological changes defining disease phenotypes, the nature of the autoimmune responses, and the propensity for developing B cell lymphomas. An emerging question is whether the generation of a multitude of mouse models and the data obtained from their studies is actually important to the understanding of the human disease and potential interventional therapies. In this brief report, we comment on how and why mouse models can stimulate interest in specific lines of research that apparently parallel aspects of human SS. Focusing on two mouse models, NOD and B6·Il14α, we present the possible relevance of mouse models to human SS, highlighting a few selected disease-associated biological processes that have baffled both SS and SS-like investigations for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B Peck
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, FL 32608, USA
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19
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Multiple Roles for B-Lymphocytes in Sjogren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5100087. [PMID: 27740602 PMCID: PMC5086589 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a complex heterogeneous autoimmune disease resulting in loss of salivary gland and lacrimal gland function that may include multiple systemic manifestations including lymphoma. Multiple cell types participate in disease pathogenesis. This review discusses evidence for abnormal B cell subpopulations in patients with SS, critical roles of B cells in SS and the status of B cell–directed therapies in the management of patients with SS.
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20
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Abstract
We compiled information on antibodies in Sjögren syndrome, focusing more on clinical manifestations associated with anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies and studies regarding novel antibodies. We reviewed previous as well as most recent studies with the subject heading Sjogren in combination with antibodies and congenital heart block (CHB). Almost half of asymptomatic mothers giving birth to children with CHB ultimately develop Sjögren. We discussed studies concerning the presence of antibodies predating clinical manifestations of disease. Studies in the future are required to ascertain the pathogenic mechanisms associated with these antibodies and the specific clinical manifestation related to new autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Fayyaz
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 1000 N Lincoln Boulevard, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical and Research Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Biji T Kurien
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 1000 N Lincoln Boulevard, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical and Research Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 1000 N Lincoln Boulevard, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical and Research Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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21
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Shen L, Gao C, Suresh L, Xian Z, Song N, Chaves LD, Yu M, Ambrus JL. Central role for marginal zone B cells in an animal model of Sjogren's syndrome. Clin Immunol 2016; 168:30-36. [PMID: 27140729 PMCID: PMC4940264 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) have been shown to have abnormal B cell function and increased numbers of marginal zone B cells (MZB and MZB precursors. The current studies utilized the Interleukin 14 alpha transgenic mouse model (IL14aTG) for SS to investigate the roles of marginal zone B cells (MZB) of the innate immune system in the pathophysiology of the disease. Eliminating MZB from IL14aTG mice by B cell specific deletion of RBP-J resulted in complete elimination of all disease manifestations of SS. Mice had normal salivary gland secretions, negative autoantibodies and normal histology of the salivary and lacrimal glands compared to IL14aTG mice at the same time points. In contrast, eliminating B1 cells by deleting btk did not ameliorate the disease. Therefore, MZB are critical for the development of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States
| | - Chun Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Lakshmanan Suresh
- Department of Oral Diagnostics Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, United States
| | - Zhenhua Xian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Nannan Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Lee D Chaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States
| | - Meixing Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States.
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22
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Gervais EM, Desantis KA, Pagendarm N, Nelson DA, Enger T, Skarstein K, Liaaen Jensen J, Larsen M. Changes in the Submandibular Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Subpopulations During Progression of Sjögren's Syndrome-Like Disease in the NOD/ShiLtJ Mouse Model. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1622-34. [PMID: 26179322 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune exocrinopathy, is associated with dysfunction of the secretory salivary gland epithelium, leading to xerostomia. The etiology of SS disease progression is poorly understood as it is typically not diagnosed until late stage. Since mouse models allow the study of disease progression, we investigated the NOD/ShiLtJ mouse to explore temporal changes to the salivary epithelium. In the NOD/ShiLtJ model, SS presents secondary to autoimmune diabetes, and SS disease is reportedly fully established by 20 weeks. We compared epithelial morphology in the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) of NOD/ShiLtJ mice with SMGs from the parental strain at 12, 18, and 22 weeks of age and used immunofluorescence to detect epithelial proteins, including the acinar marker, aquaporin 5, ductal cell marker, cytokeratin 7, myoepithelial cell marker, smooth muscle α-actin, and the basal cell marker, cytokeratin 5, while confirming immune infiltrates with CD45R. We also compared these proteins in the labial salivary glands of human SS patients with control tissues. In the NOD/ShiLtJ SMG, regions of lymphocytic infiltrates were not associated with widespread epithelial tissue degradation; however, there was a decrease in the area of the gland occupied by secretory epithelial cells in favor of ductal epithelial cells. We observed an expansion of cells expressing cytokeratin 5 within the ducts and within the smooth muscle α-actin(+) basal myoepithelial population. The altered acinar/ductal ratio within the NOD/ShiLtJ SMG likely contributes to salivary hypofunction, while the expansion of cytokeratin 5 positive-basal cells may reflect loss of function or indicate a regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Gervais
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Albany, Albany, New York.,Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology Graduate Program, State University of New York, University at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Kara A Desantis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Albany, Albany, New York.,Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology Graduate Program, State University of New York, University at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Nicholas Pagendarm
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Deirdre A Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Tone Enger
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine Skarstein
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janicke Liaaen Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Albany, Albany, New York
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23
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Zhou D, McNamara NA. Macrophages: important players in primary Sjögren's syndrome? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:513-20. [PMID: 24646086 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands with unknown etiology. Due to recent research utilizing human subjects as well as laboratory animal models, our understanding of the pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms of pSS has made great strides. As a consequence, targeted, immune-based therapies are gaining increased attention as the ideal way to conquer autoimmune diseases like pSS. Currently, however, there is no effective treatment to target specific immunological events or effector immune cells in the pathogenesis of pSS (discussed in other reviews of the current issue). Here, we summarize our current understanding and knowledge of the roles of monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of pSS. Human studies, especially utilizing salivary gland biopsies, demonstrate the infiltration of macrophages and its correlation with disease severity. Moreover, animal model studies have shown the functional involvement of macrophages in promoting the ocular component of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delu Zhou
- University of Utah, 15 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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24
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van Roon JAG, Radstake TRDJ. Towards inhibition of morbidity and mortality in Sjögren's syndrome: opportunities and challenges. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:421-3. [PMID: 24646083 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.902575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the immunopathology of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Several genetic and environmental risk factors as well as cellular and molecular pathways have been identified, providing multiple targets for therapeutic strategies. Establishment of disease activity scores allows careful monitoring of therapeutic strategies and has set the stage for definition of clinical response criteria. Early detection of autoimmune symptoms before the onset of primary Sjögren's syndrome might trigger early intervention strategies to prevent immunopathology. New studies that indicated a strong association between lymphoid neogenesis and development of lymphoma and extra-glandular manifestations indicate that future therapeutic strategies should perhaps be directed at patients at risk for more severe disease. Several challenges remain, such as dissecting the causes and consequences of several types of IFN signatures or elucidating how viral triggering of the immune system is involved and could be targeted. The biggest challenge may be prevention of dryness since the causes of dryness remain elusive and could include non-immunological ones. In the coming years it will become clear to what extent novel drugs can prevent immunopathology and clinical symptoms like dryness and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A G van Roon
- Departments of Immunology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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