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Xie Z, Zhu J, Li W, Liu L, Zhuo K, Yang R, Hu F. Relationship of epicardial fat volume with coronary plaque characteristics, coronary artery calcification score, coronary stenosis, and CT-FFR for lesion-specific ischemia in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2021; 332:8-14. [PMID: 33775790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the association of epicardial fat volume (EFV) with coronary plaque characteristics, coronary artery calcification (CAC) score, coronary stenosis, lesion-specific ischemia in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS 88 controls and 221 patients were analyzed in the study. High-risk plaque was defined as existing≥2 features, including positive remodeling, low attenuation, napkin-ring sign and spotty calcification. EFV, CAC score was measured. The severity of coronary stenosis was quantified using Gensini score. CT-FFR was performed in three major coronary arteries, with a threshold of ≤0.8 considered the presence of ischemia. Univariate and multivariate regression was used to evaluate the association of EFV with CAD, palque characteristics, CAC score, Gensini score, and lesion-specific ischemia derived from CT-FFR. RESULTS Median EFV was 104.97 cm3 (85.47-136.09) in controls and 129.28cm3 (101.19-159.44) in patients (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association of EFV with CAD even after adjusting for confounding factors (P < 0.05). At linear regression analysis, EFV was significantly correlated with high-risk plaque and lesion-specific ischemia, but not with non-calcified plaque, mixed plaque, calcified plaque, CAC score and Gensini score (P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION We found that EFV was associated with CAD, suggesting that it may be a promising marker of CAD. EFV was also correlated with high-risk plaque and lesion-specific ischemia, indicating that EAT was likely to be involved in myocardial ischemia and had the potential to definite patients' risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luzhou Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaimin Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fubi Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Yin R, Tang X, Wang T, Shi H, Wang X, Wang X, Pan C. Cardiac CT scanning in coronary artery disease: Epicardial fat volume and its correlation with coronary artery lesions and left ventricular function. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2961-2968. [PMID: 32855661 PMCID: PMC7444410 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major and common disease that poses a threat to human health. Recent studies suggested that epicardial fat may have an important role in the pathogenesis of CAD. Therefore, the association between epicardial fat volume (EFV) and left ventricular function with CAD was investigated in the present study. A total of 61 patients with suspected CAD who underwent CT scanning were enrolled. Baseline data, parameters of left heart function and EFV of the subjects were collected and analyzed. The degree of coronary artery lesions was assessed using the Gensini score. Pearson's correlation analysis and a logistic regression model were applied to assess the association between EFV and risk factors for CAD, the Gensini score and left ventricular function index. A total of 29 female and 32 male subjects with a median age of 63 years were enrolled. The median body mass index (BMI) of the subjects was 23.37 kg/m2 and the median EFV was 86.41 cm3. It was revealed that risk factors of CAD, specially hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, history of myocardial infarction and smoking, had no significant association with the EFV (P>0.05); however, the EFV was significantly positively correlated with the BMI (r=0.479, P<0.0001), interventricular septal thickness (r=0.436, P=0.004), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (r=0.350, P=0.0058), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (r=0.265, P=0.0388), left ventricular mass (r=0.445, P=0.0003) and left ventricular mass index (r=0.371, P=0.0035). However, no correlation was identified between the EFV and the Gensini score (r=0.131, P=0.3137). In conclusion, the EFV measured by cardiac CT scanning was positively correlated with the BMI and left ventricular function, but was not associated with the presence of CAD according to the Gensini scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Yin
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Changjie Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
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Devasani K, Kaul R, Majumdar A. Supplementation of pyrroloquinoline quinone with atorvastatin augments mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuates low grade inflammation in obese rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173273. [PMID: 32535101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and Inflammation play a significant role in the manifestation of the co-morbidities of obesity. The study deciphered the impact of Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) per se and with Atorvastatin (ATS) on high fat, 10% fructose diet (HFFD) induced obese rats expressing low-grade inflammation, dyslipidemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. HFFD was fed for 10 weeks followed by treatment for 5 weeks with ATS 10 or 20 mg/kg, PQQ 10 or 20 mg/kg, p.o. per se or their combinations. The impact on blood glucose, lipid profile and serum insulin, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 was estimated. Gene and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC 1α), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (TFAM) and augmented mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and Caspase 1 was assessed. Rats receiving PQQ and ATS revealed significant decrease in body weights, anthropometric parameter, and adipose tissue vis-à-vis positive control. PQQ alone and with ATS improved glucose tolerance, lipid profile, insulin indices and lowered serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 along with a rise in adiponectin. PQQ supplementation with ATS upregulated the mRNA expression of PGC 1α, SIRT1, TFAM and augmented mtDNA while downregulating inflammatory markers NLRP3 and Caspase 1. PQQ supplementation with atorvastatin holds therapeutic promise to effectively combat mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Devasani
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), 400098, Mumbai, India.
| | - Rachna Kaul
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), 400098, Mumbai, India.
| | - Anuradha Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), 400098, Mumbai, India.
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Yuzbashian E, Asghari G, Aghayan M, Hedayati M, Zarkesh M, Mirmiran P, Khalaj A. Dietary glycemic index and dietary glycemic load is associated with apelin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:68. [PMID: 31548844 PMCID: PMC6751847 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apelin, as an adipokine, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine whether the quality and quantity of dietary carbohydrates were associated with apelin gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 102 adults who underwent minor abdominal surgery were selected. Approximately 100 mg of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were collected during the surgery to measure apelin gene expression. Anthropometric measurment, blood samples, and dietary intakes were collected before surgery. The dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) were determined. Results The average apelin concentration was 269.6 ± 98.5(pg/mL), and 16.3% of participants were insulin resistant. There was a correlation between insulin (p-value = 0.043), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)(p-value = 0.045) and apelin gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. There was a positive association of apelin gene expression with dietary GI and GL after adjustment for age, sex, and waist circumference in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues(p < 0.05). Apelin gene expression in visceral(p = 0.002) and subcutaneous(p = 0.003) adipose tissues was directly associated with foods with a higher GI. There was no association between total carbohydrate intake and apelin gene expression in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Conclusions Dietary GI and GL, not total carbohydrate intake, were positively associated with apelin gene expression in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Future studies are warranted to illustrate the chronic and acute effect of carbohydrate quality on apelin homeostasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-019-0389-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Yuzbashian
- 1Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- 1Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19816-19573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aghayan
- 1Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- 3Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- 3Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- 1Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19816-19573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- 4Tehran Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Uranga RM, Keller JN. The Complex Interactions Between Obesity, Metabolism and the Brain. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:513. [PMID: 31178685 PMCID: PMC6542999 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing at unprecedented levels globally, and the overall impact of obesity on the various organ systems of the body is only beginning to be fully appreciated. Because of the myriad of direct and indirect effects of obesity causing dysfunction of multiple tissues and organs, it is likely that there will be heterogeneity in the presentation of obesity effects in any given population. Taken together, these realities make it increasingly difficult to understand the complex interplay between obesity effects on different organs, including the brain. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive view of metabolic disturbances present in obesity, their direct and indirect effects on the different organ systems of the body, and to discuss the interaction of these effects in the context of brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina María Uranga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jeffrey Neil Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Hurrle S, Hsu WH. The etiology of oxidative stress in insulin resistance. Biomed J 2017; 40:257-262. [PMID: 29179880 PMCID: PMC6138814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a prevalent syndrome in developed as well as developing countries. It is the predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, the most common end stage development of metabolic syndrome in the United States. Previously, studies investigating type 2 diabetes have focused on beta cell dysfunction in the pancreas and insulin resistance, and developing ways to correct these dysfunctions. However, in recent years, there has been a profound interest in the role that oxidative stress in the peripheral tissues plays to induce insulin resistance. The objective of this review is to focus on the mechanism of oxidative species generation and its direct correlation to insulin resistance, to discuss the role of obesity in the pathophysiology of this phenomenon, and to explore the potential of antioxidants as treatments for metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hurrle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Tang S, Dong X, Zhang W. Obestatin changes proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of porcine preadipocytes. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2014; 75:1-9. [PMID: 24534601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obestatin, originally identified and purified from rat stomach extracts, was reported to bind to orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR39, and inhibit appetite and gastric motility. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of porcine obestatin on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of porcine preadipocytes isolated from subcutaneous fat of piglets. At indicated times of culture, morphology of preadipocytes and accumulated lipid droplets within the cells were identified by invert microscope. After treating with obestatin (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100nM), cell proliferation was measured by MTT method and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), Caspase-7 and Caspase-9 was determined by Western Blot, mRNA expression of GPR39 and Caspase-3 was analyzed by RT-PCR, and the activity of Caspase-3 was measured by spectrophotometric method. The results showed that obestatin had no effect on GPR39 expression, while promotes the optical density (OD) value of cells, enhanced protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPa, decreased mRNA expression and activity of Caspase-3, and inhibited protein expression of Caspase-7 and Caspase-9 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that obestatin enhances proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes promoting PPARγ and C/EBPa expression, and inhibiting preadipocyte apoptosis by decreasing expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-7 and Caspase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiu Tang
- College of Yingdong agricultural science and engineering, Shaoguan university, Daxue road, Zhenjiang district, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- College of Yingdong agricultural science and engineering, Shaoguan university, Daxue road, Zhenjiang district, Shaoguan 512005, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hubei Key laboratory of animal embryo and molecular breeding, Hubei academy of agricultural science, Wuhan 430064, China
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Than A, Tee WT, Chen P. Apelin secretion and expression of apelin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes are differentially regulated by angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:296-305. [PMID: 22249006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes play pivotal roles in regulating metabolism through secretion of a variety of adipokines, which in turn is regulated by other metabolic factors (e.g., insulin). Understanding the regulations of adipokine secretion is important because adipokines are implicated with metabolic disorders, such as, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the regulatory roles of angiotensin II (AngII) on the secretion of apelin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and distinct signaling pathways mediated by AngII receptor type 1 (AT₁) and type 2 (AT₂) were revealed. It was found that activation of AT₁ receptors stimulates apelin secretion in Ca²⁺, protein kinase C, and MAPK kinase dependent ways while activation of AT₂ receptors inhibits apelin secretion through cAMP and cGMP dependent pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the expression of apelin receptor (APJ) is also similarly regulated by AT₁ and AT₂ receptors. Finally, a detailed AngII signaling map is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Than
- Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
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Mok CC, Ko GTC, Ho LY, Yu KL, Chan PT, To CH. Prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011; 63:195-202. [PMID: 20890981 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary Tin Choi Ko
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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