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Tardelli LP, Duchatsch F, Herrera NA, Ruiz TFR, Pagan LU, Vicentini CA, Okoshi K, Amaral SL. Benefits of combined exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated or not with dexamethasone. Front Physiol 2022; 13:916179. [PMID: 36045742 PMCID: PMC9420846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.916179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX)-induced arterial stiffness is an important side-effect, associated with hypertension and future cardiovascular events, which can be counteracted by exercise training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms induced by combined training to attenuate arterial stiffness and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated or not with dexamethasone. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) underwent combined training for 74 days and were treated with dexamethasone (50 µg/kg s. c.) or saline solution during the last 14 days. Wistar rats were used as controls. Echocardiographic parameters, blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), as well as histological analyses of the heart and aorta, carotid and femoral arteries were performed. At the beginning, SHR had higher BP and PWV compared with Wistar rats. After 60 days, while BP increased in sedentary SHR, combined exercise training decreased BP and PWV. After 74d, the higher BP and PWV of sedentary SHR was accompanied by autonomic imbalance to the heart, cardiac remodeling, and higher arterial collagen deposition. DEX treatment did not change these parameters. On the other hand, trained SHR had reduced BP and PWV, which was associated with better autonomic balance to the heart, reduced myocardial collagen deposition, as well as lower arterial collagen deposition. The results of this study suggest that combined training, through the reduction of aortic collagen deposition, is an important strategy to reduce arterial stiffness in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and these lower responses were maintained regardless of dexamethasone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidieli P. Tardelli
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiara A. Herrera
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalles Fernando R. Ruiz
- Joint Graduate Program in Animal Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana U. Pagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Vicentini
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra L. Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sandra L. Amaral,
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Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082155. [PMID: 34440924 PMCID: PMC8394287 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential in regulating functions and homeostasis in many biological systems and are extensively used to treat a variety of conditions associated with immune/inflammatory processes. GCs are among the most powerful drugs for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but their long-term usage is limited by severe adverse effects. For this reason, to envision new therapies devoid of typical GC side effects, research has focused on expanding the knowledge of cellular and molecular effects of GCs. GC-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a GC-target protein shown to mediate several actions of GCs, including inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. GILZ expression is not restricted to immune cells, and it has been shown to play a regulatory role in many organs and tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Research on the role of GILZ on endothelial cells has demonstrated its ability to modulate the inflammatory cascade, resulting in a downregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules. GILZ also has the capacity to protect myocardial cells, as its deletion makes the heart, after a deleterious stimulus, more susceptible to apoptosis, immune cell infiltration, hypertrophy, and impaired function. Despite these advances, we have only just begun to appreciate the relevance of GILZ in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of GILZ in modulating biological processes relevant to cardiovascular biology.
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Dhaibar HA, Cruz-Topete D. Predisposition of Women to Cardiovascular Diseases: A Side-Effect of Increased Glucocorticoid Signaling During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:606833. [PMID: 34816180 PMCID: PMC8593983 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.606833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a significant health crisis worldwide. To mitigate this disease's spread, "social distancing" and "shelter in place" have been implemented. While these actions have been critical to controlling the pandemic, they have short- and long-term mental health consequences due to increased stress. There is a strong association between mental stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Young women (pre-menopausal) are at high risk of developing CV events in response to mental stress compared to age-matched men. The mechanisms underlying women's increased reactivity and response to stress are mostly unknown. The present review summarizes the known physiological consequences of mental stress in women's CV health and the latest molecular findings of the actions of the primary stress hormones, glucocorticoids, on the CV system. The current data suggest a clear link between psychological stress and heart disease, and women have an increased sensitivity to the harmful effects of stress hormone signaling imbalances. Therefore, it is expected that with the given unprecedented levels of stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, women's CV health will be significantly compromised. It is critical to widen our understanding of the direct contribution of mental stress to CVD risk in women and to identify biochemical markers with predictive value for CVD in female patients with/without cardiovascular conditions who have experienced significant mental stress during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
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Cruz-Topete D, Oakley RH, Cidlowski JA. Glucocorticoid Signaling and the Aging Heart. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 32528419 PMCID: PMC7266971 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in normal physiological functions characterizes the aging process. While some of these changes are benign, the decrease in the function of the cardiovascular system that occurs during aging leads to the activation of pathological processes associated with an increased risk for heart disease and its complications. Imbalances in endocrine function are also common occurrences during the aging process. Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones and are critical regulators of energy metabolism, inflammation, and cardiac function. Glucocorticoids exert their actions by binding the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and, in some instances, to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). GR and MR are members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. There is strong evidence that imbalances in GR and MR signaling in the heart have a causal role in cardiac disease. The extent to which glucocorticoids play a role in the aging heart, however, remains unclear. This review will summarize the positive and negative direct and indirect effects of glucocorticoids on the heart and the latest molecular and physiological evidence on how alterations in glucocorticoid signaling lead to changes in cardiac structure and function. We also briefly discuss the effects of other hormones systems such as estrogens and GH/IGF-1 on different cardiovascular cells during aging. We will also review the link between imbalances in glucocorticoid levels and the molecular processes responsible for promoting cardiomyocyte dysfunction in aging. Finally, we will discuss the potential for selectively manipulating glucocorticoid signaling in cardiomyocytes, which may represent an improved therapeutic approach for preventing and treating age-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Diana Cruz-Topete
| | - Robert H. Oakley
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John A. Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
- John A. Cidlowski
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Williamson PM, Ong SLH, Whitworth JA, Kelly JJ. The role of sustained release isosorbide mononitrate on corticosteroid-induced hypertension in healthy human subjects. J Hum Hypertens 2015; 29:737-43. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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