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Frazer M, Phan F, Przybylowicz R, Krebsbach A, Dornblaser J, Jessel PM, Bhamidipati C, Tibayan FA, Henrikson CA. Impact of fixation mechanism and helix retraction status on right ventricular lead extraction. Heart Rhythm O2 2023; 4:757-764. [PMID: 38204460 PMCID: PMC10774662 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of lead fixation mechanism on extractability is poorly characterized. Objective We aimed to compare the technical difficulty of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) of active vs passive fixation right ventricular (RV) leads. Methods A total of 408 patients who underwent RV TLE by a single expert electrophysiologist at Oregon Health & Science University between October 2011 and June 2022 were identified and retrospectively analyzed; 331 (81%) had active fixation RV leads and 77 (19%) had passive fixation RV leads. The active fixation cohort was further stratified into those with successfully retracted helices (n = 181) and failed helix retraction (n = 109). A numerical system (0-9) devised using 6 procedural criteria quantified a technical extraction score (TES) for each RV TLE. The TES was compared between groups. Results Helix retraction was successful in ≥55% of active fixation TLEs. The mean TES for active-helix retracted, active-helix non-retracted, and passive fixation groups was 1.8, 3.5, and 3.7, respectively. The TES of the active-helix retracted group was significantly lower than those of the active-helix non-retracted group (adjusted P < .01) and the passive fixation group (adjusted P < .01). There was no significant difference in TES between the passive fixation and active-helix non-retracted groups in multivariate analysis (P = .18). The TLE success rate of the entire cohort was >97%, with a major complication rate of 0.5%. Conclusion TLE of active fixation leads where helical retraction is achieved presents fewer technical challenges than does passive fixation RV lead extraction; however, if the helix cannot be retracted, active and passive TLE procedures present similar technical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Phan
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | | | - Peter M. Jessel
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
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Salib K, Dardari L, Taha M, Dahat P, Toriola S, Satnarine T, Zohara Z, Adelekun A, Seffah KD, Khan S. Discussing the Prognosis and Complications of Transvenous Lead Extraction in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIED): A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45048. [PMID: 37829955 PMCID: PMC10565517 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and undoubtedly the complications brought on by these devices coincide with an increase in cardiovascular disorders, particularly heart rhythm abnormalities. The safest procedure to extract these devices is transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Thus, this systematic review aimed to summarize the possibility of success rates and the common complications that could arise during the surgery. Full-text publications in PubMed, MEDLINE, PubMed Central (PMC), and ScienceDirect were used in this study, which was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seventeen studies were reviewed for this systematic review after being screened by title, abstract, full-text availability, and quality appraisal assessment. Heart and vascular tears, along with tricuspid regurgitation (TR), are common adverse events. Pulmonary embolism, hemothorax, hemopericardium, and ghost appearance in echo are less common consequences. In addition, the longer the dwelling time of the leads, the greater the chance of infection due to an increase in lead adhesions and fibrous tissue that has made the procedure unsafe as time passes. However, we concluded that TLE is a successful method across all age groups with an excellent probability of clinical and procedural success in a majority of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korlos Salib
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lana Dardari
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maher Taha
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Purva Dahat
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Stacy Toriola
- Pathology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Travis Satnarine
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zareen Zohara
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ademiniyi Adelekun
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Kofi D Seffah
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical, Athens, GRC
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Hofer D, Kuster N, Bebié MC, Sasse T, Steffel J, Breitenstein A. Success and Complication Rates of Transvenous Lead Extraction in a Developing High-Volume Extraction Center: The Zurich Experience. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062260. [PMID: 36983262 PMCID: PMC10051593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Transvenous lead extractions are increasingly performed for malfunction or infection of cardiac implantable electronic devices, but they harvest a potential for complications and suboptimal success. Apart from multicenter registries and reports from highly experienced single centers, the outcome in individual newly developing high-volume centers starting a lead extraction program is less well established. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological success and complication rate at our center, having started a lead extraction program less than a decade ago. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent transvenous lead extraction at the University Hospital Zurich from 2013 to 2021 regarding success as well as complications and compared our results to previously reported outcome rates. Results: A total of 346 patients underwent 350 transvenous lead extractions from January 2013 to December 2021. Combined radiological success was achieved in 97.7% and clinical success in 96.0% of interventions. Procedure-related major complications occurred in 13 patients (3.7%). Death within 30 days after transvenous lead extractions occurred in 13 patients (3.7%), with a procedure-related mortality of 1.4% (five patients). Summary: Transvenous lead extractions in newly developing high-volume centers can be performed with high clinical and radiological success rates, but procedure-related major complications may affect a relevant number of patients. Compared to large single or multicenter registries of experienced centers, the success rate may be lower and the complication rate higher in centers newly starting with lead extraction, which may have important implications for patient selection, procedural planning, proctoring, and safety measures.
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4
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Boriani G, Proietti M, Bertini M, Diemberger I, Palmisano P, Baccarini S, Biscione F, Bottoni N, Ciccaglioni A, Dal Monte A, Ferrari FA, Iacopino S, Piacenti M, Porcelli D, Sangiorgio S, Santini L, Malagù M, Stabile G, Imberti JF, Caruso D, Zoni-Berisso M, De Ponti R, Ricci RP. Incidence and Predictors of Infections and All-Cause Death in Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: The Italian Nationwide RI-AIAC Registry. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010091. [PMID: 35055406 PMCID: PMC8780465 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of infections associated with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and patient outcomes are not fully known. Aim: To provide a contemporary assessment of the risk of CIEDs infection and associated clinical outcomes. Methods: In Italy, 18 centres enrolled all consecutive patients undergoing a CIED procedure and entered a 12-months follow-up. CIED infections, as well as a composite clinical event of infection or all-cause death were recorded. Results: A total of 2675 patients (64.3% male, age 78 (70–84)) were enrolled. During follow up 28 (1.1%) CIED infections and 132 (5%) deaths, with 152 (5.7%) composite clinical events were observed. At a multivariate analysis, the type of procedure (revision/upgrading/reimplantation) (OR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.38–12.08) and diabetes (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.02–4.84) were found as main clinical factors associated to CIED infection. Both the PADIT score and the RI-AIAC Infection score were significantly associated with CIED infections, with the RI-AIAC infection score showing the strongest association (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.60–3.55 for each point), with a c-index = 0.64 (0.52–0.75), p = 0.015. Regarding the occurrence of composite clinical events, the Kolek score, the Shariff score and the RI-AIAC Event score all predicted the outcome, with an AUC for the RI-AIAC Event score equal to 0.67 (0.63−0.71) p < 0.001. Conclusions: In this Italian nationwide cohort of patients, while the incidence of CIED infections was substantially low, the rate of the composite clinical outcome of infection or all-cause death was quite high and associated with several clinical factors depicting a more impaired clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-4225836; Fax: +39-059-422449
| | - Marco Proietti
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L7 3FA, UK
| | - Matteo Bertini
- Cardiological Center, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Pietro Palmisano
- Cardiology Unit, ‘Card. Giovanni Panico’ Hospital, 73039 Tricase, Italy;
| | - Stefano Baccarini
- Cardiology Unit, Emergency Department, Fidenza Hospital, 43036 Fidenza, Italy;
| | | | | | - Antonio Ciccaglioni
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza-University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | | | | | - Saverio Iacopino
- Electrophysiology Unit, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy;
| | | | - Daniele Porcelli
- Arrhythmology Unit, Cardiology Department, S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Luca Santini
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale GB Grassi, 00122 Ostia, Italy;
| | - Michele Malagù
- Cardiological Center, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Stabile
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Montevergine, 83013 Mercogliano, Italy;
| | - Jacopo Francesco Imberti
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Davide Caruso
- Padre Antero Micone Hospital, ASL 3 “Genovese”, 16153 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (M.Z.-B.)
| | - Massimo Zoni-Berisso
- Padre Antero Micone Hospital, ASL 3 “Genovese”, 16153 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (M.Z.-B.)
| | - Roberto De Ponti
- Cardiovascular Department, Circolo Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Levi N, Bongiorni MG, Rav Acha M, Tovia-Brodie O, Kennergren C, Auricchio A, Maggioni AP, Rinaldi CA, Nof E, Ilan M, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Deharo JC, Leclercq C, Glikson M, Michowitz Y. Lead fixation mechanism impacts outcome of transvenous lead extraction: Data from the European Lead Extraction ConTRolled Registry. Europace 2021; 24:817-827. [PMID: 34652415 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study is to characterize the transvenous lead extraction (TLE) population with active (A) compared with passive fixation (PFix) leads and to compare the safety, efficacy, and ease of extracting active fixation (AFix) compared with PFix right atrial (RA) and right ventricular (RV) leads. METHODS AND RESULTS The European Lead Extraction ConTRolled Registry (ELECTRa) was analysed. Patients were divided into three groups; those with only AFix, only PFix, and combined Fix leads. Three outcomes were defined. Difficult extraction, complete radiological, and clinical success. Multivariate model was used to analyse the independent effect of Fix mechanism on these outcomes. The study included 2815 patients, 1456 (51.7%) with only AFix leads, 982 (34.9%) with only PFix leads, and 377 (13.4%) with combined Fix leads. Patients with AFix leads were younger with shorter lead dwelling time. Infection was the leading cause for TLE among the combined Fix group with lowest rates among AFix group. No difference in complications rates was noted between patients with only AFix vs. PFix leads. Overall, there were 1689 RA (1046 AFix and 643 PFix) and 2617 RV leads (1441 AFix and 1176 PFix). Multivariate model demonstrated that PFix is independently associated with more difficult extraction for both RA and RV leads, lower radiological success in the RA but has no effect on clinical success. CONCLUSION Mechanism of Fix impact the ease of TLE of RA and RV leads and rates of complete radiological success in the RA but not clinical success. These findings should be considered during implantation and TLE procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Levi
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, 12 Shmuel Beit Street, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | | | - Moshe Rav Acha
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, 12 Shmuel Beit Street, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Oholi Tovia-Brodie
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, 12 Shmuel Beit Street, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Charles Kennergren
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angelo Auricchio
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Eyal Nof
- Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michael Ilan
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, 12 Shmuel Beit Street, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | | | - Jean-Claude Deharo
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Timone, Service de Cardiologie, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, C2VN Marseille, France
| | | | - Michael Glikson
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, 12 Shmuel Beit Street, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Yoav Michowitz
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, 12 Shmuel Beit Street, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
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Boriani G, Vitolo M, Wright DJ, Biffi M, Brown B, Tarakji KG, Wilkoff BL. Infections associated with cardiac electronic implantable devices: economic perspectives and impact of the TYRX™ antibacterial envelope. Europace 2021; 23:iv33-iv44. [PMID: 34160600 PMCID: PMC8221050 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) infections and related adverse outcomes have an important financial impact on the healthcare system, with hospitalization length of stay (2-3 weeks on average) being the largest cost driver, including the cost of device system extraction and device replacement accounting for more than half of total costs. In the recent literature, the economic profile of the TYRX™ absorbable antibacterial envelope was analysed taking into account both randomized and non-randomized trial data. Economic analysis found that the envelope is associated with cost-effectiveness ratios below USA and European benchmarks in selected patients at increased risk of infection. Therefore, the TYRX™ envelope, by effectively reducing CIED infections, provides value according to the criteria of affordability currently adopted by USA and European healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vitolo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Biffi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedict Brown
- Medtronic International Trading Sàrl, Route du Molliau 31, Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - Khaldoun G Tarakji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Bruce L Wilkoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
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Diemberger I, Massaro G, Rossillo A, Chieffo E, Dugo D, Guarracini F, Pellegrino PL, Perna F, Landolina M, De Ponti R, Berisso MZ, Ricci RP, Boriani G. Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing: a survey on current practice. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:420-427. [PMID: 32332379 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing (TTCP) is a standard procedure in current practice, despite limited coverage in consensus guidelines. However, many authors reported several complications associated with TTCP, especially development of infections of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). The aim of this survey was to provide a country-wide picture of current practice regarding TTCP. METHODS Data were collected using an online survey that was administered to members of the Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing. RESULTS We collected data from 102 physicians, working in 81 Italian hospitals from 17/21 regions. Our data evidenced that different strategies are adopted in case of acute bradycardia with a tendency to limit TTCP mainly to advanced atrioventricular block. However, some centers reported a greater use in elective procedures. TTCP is usually performed by electrophysiologists or interventional cardiologists and, differently from previous reports, mainly by a femoral approach and with nonfloating catheters. We found high inhomogeneity regarding prevention of infections and thromboembolic complications and in post-TTCP management, associated with different TTCP volumes and a strategy for management of acute bradyarrhythmias. CONCLUSION This survey evidenced a high inhomogeneity in the approaches adopted by Italian cardiologists for TTCP. Further studies are needed to explore if these divergences are associated with different long-term outcomes, especially incidence of CIED-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Giulia Massaro
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi University of Bologna, Bologna
| | | | - Enrico Chieffo
- Institute of Cardiology, Maggiore Hospital, Crema, Italy
| | - Daniela Dugo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Francesco Perna
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome
| | | | - Roberto De Ponti
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Circolo e Fondazione Macchi Hospital, Varese
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Policlinico di Modena University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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8
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A Historical Perspective of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: How a Menace Can Drive Technological and Clinical Improvement. HEARTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades there has been a relevant increase in the implantation rate of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), albeit with relevant geographical inhomogeneities. Despite the positive impact on clinical outcomes, the possibility of major complications is not negligible, particularly with respect to CIED infections. CIED infections significantly affect morbidity and mortality, especially in instances of delayed diagnosis and appropriate treatment. In the present review, we will start to depict the factors underlying the development of CIED infection as well as the difficulties related to its diagnosis and treatment. We will explain the reasons underlying the need to focus on prophylaxis rather than treatment, in view of the poor outcomes despite improvements in lead extraction procedures. This will lead to the consideration of management of this complication in a hub-spoke manner, and to our analysis of the several technological and procedural improvements developed to minimize this complication. These include prolongation of CIED longevity, the development of leadless devices, and integrated prophylactic approaches. We will conclude with a discussion regarding new devices and strategies under development. This complete excursus will provide the reader with a new perspective on how a major complication can drive technological improvements.
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9
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Prognosis of patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction after transvenous lead extraction and the need for additional hemodynamic support in the perioperative period. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:962-969. [PMID: 33516947 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is necessary because of system infection, lead malfunction, or system upgrade. Patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (SLVD) undergoing TLE may be at a higher risk because hemodynamic parameters may change unfavorably during or after TLE; however, this has not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether patients with SLVD undergoing TLE have higher mortality. METHODS All patients who underwent TLE were stratified as follows: patients with ejection fraction ≤ 35% (SLVD group) and those with ejection fraction > 35% (non-SLVD group). RESULTS We assessed the data of 200 patients [SLVD group, 36 (18%); non-SLVD group, 164 (82%)]). Brain natriuretic peptide level and cardiac resynchronization therapy rate were higher in the SLVD group than in the non-SLVD group. There were no significant between-group differences in major complications and clinical success rates. Patients with SLVD were more likely to require additional hemodynamic support, such as catecholamine infusion, temporary atrium-ventricle sequential pacing, and temporary cardiac resynchronization therapy pacing (27.8% vs 1.2%; P < .001). The survival rate was not significantly different between the groups at 30 days and 1 year after TLE (SLVD vs non-SLVD: 30 days: 97.2% vs 99.4%; P = .215; 1 year: 80.6% vs 91.5%; P = .053). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed log brain natriuretic peptide and serum hemoglobin levels as predictors for 1-year mortality. CONCLUSION The prognosis after TLE was comparable between patients with and without SLVD. However, additional hemodynamic support was often necessary for patients with SLVD.
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Martignani C, Massaro G, Mazzotti A, Pegreffi F, Ziacchi M, Biffi M, Porcellini G, Boriani G, Diemberger I. Shoulder Function After Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation: 5-Year Follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 110:608-614. [PMID: 31862496 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) represents the main tool for prevention of sudden cardiac death. Different kinds of postimplant complications have been described; however, little is known about shoulder functional impairment and its impact on quality of life. METHODS Patients with standard indications for elective prepectoral subcutaneous ICD insertion were enrolled during a 1-year period. The impact of ICD implantation on shoulder motility, pain, general disability, and quality of life was evaluated prospectively at baseline, and after 2 weeks, 3 months, 1 year, and 5 years using the Constant score, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scale, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 50 patients underwent insertion of single, dual chamber, or biventricular ICDs. Two weeks after implantation, functional impairment and mild pain were observed in ipsilateral shoulder movements, with a reduction in the Short Form-36 Health Survey score. Shoulder functional impairment improved at the third-month evaluations, with almost normalization at 1-year and 5-year assessments, as well as pain and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Prepectoral subcutaneous ICD implantation may be associated with ipsilateral shoulder functional impairment that regresses partially after 3 months and completely at 1-year and 5-year assessments. The less invasive implantation technique and the relatively small size of modern ICDs, independently from types and volumes, may be relevant to the degree of postimplantation shoulder functional impairment and recovery time. Shoulder function should be assessed at routine checks, especially soon after ICD implantation because of potential functional impairment and subsequent impact on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Martignani
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Speciality Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Massaro
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Speciality Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzotti
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Speciality Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ziacchi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Speciality Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Speciality Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Porcellini
- Unit of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, D. Cervesi Hospital, Cattolica University, Cattolica, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiovascular Division, Modena University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Speciality Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Diemberger I, Lorenzetti S, Vitolo M, Boriani G. Infective endocarditis in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: Impact of comorbidities on outcome. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 66:e9-e10. [PMID: 31280907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, S.Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, S.Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Vitolo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy.
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Poli S, Boriani G, Zecchin M, Facchin D, Gasparini M, Landolina M, Ricci RP, Lanera C, Gregori D, Proclemer A. Favorable Trend of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Service Life in a Large Single-Nation Population: Insights From 10-Year Analysis of the Italian Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012759. [PMID: 31340695 PMCID: PMC6761663 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are widely employed for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Despite technological improvements, patients often need to undergo generator replacement, which entails the risk of periprocedural complications. Our aim was to estimate the service life of ICDs over a 10-year interval and to assess the main causes of replacement on the basis of data from the National ICD Registry of the Italian Society of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing (AIAC). Methods and Results The registry includes data from over 400 hospitals in Italy. We included all patients who underwent device replacement from calendar years 2007 to 2016. The median service life of the ICDs and its trend over the years was estimated across the 3 types of devices (single-chamber, dual-chamber, cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator) and the indication to implantation. The causes of replacement were also analyzed. We included 29 158 records from 27 676 patients (80.9% men; mean age at device replacement 65.8±12.0 years). The median service life was 57.3 months (interquartile range 27.8 months). Over the years, service life showed an increasing trend. The majority of patients underwent elective replacement because of battery end of life, and over the years there was a significant reduction of replacement for recalls, erosion/infections, and cardiac resynchronization therapy upgrading. Conclusions Our data from a large single-nation population showed that the trend of ICD service life, independently from ICD type, indication, and settings, significantly improved over time. Moreover, there was a striking reduction of interventions for upgrading and infection/erosion. This favorable trend has important clinical, organizational, and financial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Poli
- Cardiology DivisionAzienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine and IRCAB FoundationUdineItaly
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology DivisionDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaPoliclinico di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Massimo Zecchin
- Cardiovascular DepartmentAzienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - Domenico Facchin
- Cardiology DivisionAzienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine and IRCAB FoundationUdineItaly
| | - Maurizio Gasparini
- Electrophysiology and Pacing UnitHumanitas Research HospitalIRCCSRozzanoItaly
| | | | | | - Corrado Lanera
- Biostatistic UnitDepartment of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PadovaItaly
| | - Dario Gregori
- Biostatistic UnitDepartment of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PadovaItaly
| | - Alessandro Proclemer
- Cardiology DivisionAzienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine and IRCAB FoundationUdineItaly
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13
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Biffi M. The never-ending story of CIED infection prevention: Shall we WRAP-IT and go? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:1191-1196. [PMID: 31172637 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
CIED infection is perceived as substantial, ranging from 1% to 4% in literature depending on different studies and on the population profile, and can appear either as surgical site or endovascular infection or both. Several factors have been found to be associated to CIED infection, that can be summarized as patient-related (clinical profile, associated comorbidities, ongoing treatment as anticoagulants and immunosuppressants), Procedure-related (complexity of CIED surgery, type of surgery, previous pocket exploration), and center-/operator-related (center/operator volume). Thus, it is difficult to disentangle the extent of benefit that any intervention may offer to decrease this threatened complication, owing to its multifaceted complexity. The recently completed PADIT and WRAP-IT trials have significantly improved our knowledge in this field (nearly 20 000 patients enrolled), reporting an infection rate of 1% to 1.2% in control-arm patients and a 20% to 67% infection decrease when incremental antibiotic prophylaxis is added on top of optimized preventative strategies. Observational registries highlighted that participation in a prospective survey of CIED infection dramatically decrease infection rate by optimization of antisepsis protocols and operator awareness, that explains the low event rate observed in PADIT and WRAP-IT. While this consideration prompts each center to engage into a proactive infection prevention program, it makes a point in favor of antibiotic prophylaxis delivered locally in 7 days or more, as enabled by TYRX in the WRAP-IT trial. However, care sustainability (the number needed to treat in the most favorable WRAP-IT scenario is 100) suggests further analysis to understand the settings (patient- or procedure-related) most likely to benefit by such an enhanced prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Biffi
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Nishii N, Morimoto Y, Miyoshi A, Tsukuda S, Miyamoto M, Kawada S, Nakagawa K, Watanabe A, Nakamura K, Morita H, Morimatsu H, Kusano N, Kasahara S, Shoda M, Ito H. Prognosis after lead extraction in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices infection: Comparison of lead-related infective endocarditis with pocket infection in a Japanese single-center experience. J Arrhythm 2019; 35:654-663. [PMID: 31410236 PMCID: PMC6686345 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increase in the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has been associated with an increase in CIED-related infections. Transvenous lead extraction is safe and effective for patients with CIED-related infections; however, the mortality rate in these patients is high. The prognosis after transvenous lead extraction in Japanese patients, especially those with lead-related infective endocarditis, has not been evaluated. Then, the purpose of this study is to clarify the prognosis after transvenous lead extraction in Japanese patients with CIED-related infections at a single Japanese center. Methods A total of 107 patients who underwent transvenous lead extraction were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into a lead-related infective endocarditis group (n = 32) and a pocket infection group (n = 75). Procedure success rate and prognosis after lead extraction were evaluated between the two groups. Results Procedure success rate was not significantly different between the groups. There were no deaths associated with the procedure or with infection. The survival rate was not significantly different at 1 year or at a median of 816 days (lead-related infective endocarditis vs pocket infection; 93.7% vs 94.7%, P = 1.000; 78.1% vs 81.3%, P = 0.791) Time to reimplantation and duration of hospital stay and antibiotics therapy were significantly longer for patients with lead-related infective endocarditis. Conclusion In this study, the prognosis for patients with lead-related infective endocarditis after transvenous lead extraction was favorable. Thus, extraction should be strongly recommended, even if the general condition of the patient is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Morimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Akihito Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Saori Tsukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Koji Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Kazufumi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morimatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Nobuchika Kusano
- Department of Infectious Disease Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Shingo Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Morio Shoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
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15
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Boriani G, Diemberger I. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in the real world: need to focus on implant rates, patient selection, co-morbidities, type of devices, and complications. Eur Heart J 2019; 38:2129-2131. [PMID: 28430905 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division. Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Boriani G, Elsner C, Diemberger I. The struggle against infections of cardiac implantable electrical devices: the burden of costs requires new personalized solutions. Europace 2019; 20:1877-1879. [PMID: 29672698 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena, Italy
| | - Christian Elsner
- Managing Direction Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Nishii N, Miyoshi A, Morimoto Y, Morita H, Kasahara S, Ito H. Percutaneous lead extraction for patients with large vegetations using an unusual technique. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2019; 5:40-43. [PMID: 30693204 PMCID: PMC6342614 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihito Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Morimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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18
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Boriani G, Diemberger I. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in the real world: need to upgrade outcome research. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1469-1471. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena; Modena Italy
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
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19
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Diemberger I, Marazzi R, Casella M, Vassanelli F, Galimberti P, Luzi M, Borrelli A, Soldati E, Golzio PG, Fumagalli S, Francia P, Padeletti L, Botto G, Boriani G. The effects of gender on electrical therapies for the heart: procedural considerations, results and complications: A report from the XII Congress of the Italian Association on Arrhythmology and Cardiostimulation (AIAC). Europace 2018; 19:1911-1921. [PMID: 28520959 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of cardiac implantable devices and catheter ablation is steadily increasing in Western countries following the positive results of clinical trials. Despite the advances in scientific knowledge, tools development, and techniques improvement we still have some grey area in the field of electrical therapies for the heart. In particular, several reports highlighted differences both in medical behaviour and procedural outcomes between female and male candidates. Women are referred later for catheter ablation of supraventricular arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, leading to suboptimal results. On the opposite females present greater response to cardiac resynchronization, while the benefit of implantable defibrillator in primary prevention seems to be less pronounced. Differences on aetiology, clinical profile, and development of myocardial scarring are the more plausible causes. This review will discuss all these aspects together with gender-related differences in terms of acute/late complications. We will also provide useful hints on plausible mechanisms and practical procedural aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marazzi
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Michela Casella
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Vassanelli
- Chair and Unit of Cardiology, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Galimberti
- Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Luzi
- Cardiology Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Ezio Soldati
- Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Golzio
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Intensive Care Unit, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Division, Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University of Florence and AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Francia
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiology, St. Andrea Hospital, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Padeletti
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Gianluca Botto
- EP Unit, Department of Medicine, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
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20
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Boriani G, Ziacchi M, Nesti M, Battista A, Placentino F, Malavasi VL, Diemberger I, Padeletti L. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: How did consensus guidelines from Europe and the United States evolve in the last 15 years? Int J Cardiol 2018; 261:119-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Boriani G, Merino J, Wright DJ, Gadler F, Schaer B, Landolina M. Battery longevity of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators: technical, clinical and economic aspects. An expert review paper from EHRA. Europace 2018; 20:1882-1897. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Josè Merino
- Arrhythmia and Robotic Electrophysiology Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Wright
- Cardiology Division, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fredrik Gadler
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institute of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beat Schaer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Gorenek B, Boriani G, Dan GA, Fauchier L, Fenelon G, Huang H, Kudaiberdieva G, Lip GYH, Mahajan R, Potpara T, Ramirez JD, Vos MA, Marin F, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Rinaldi A, Bongiorni MG, Sciaraffia E, Nielsen JC, Lewalter T, Zhang S, Gutiérrez O, Fuenmayor A. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) position paper on arrhythmia management and device therapies in endocrine disorders, endorsed by Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) and Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). Europace 2018; 20:895-896. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gheorge-Andrei Dan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurent Fauchier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau et Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | - He Huang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rajiv Mahajan
- The University of Adelaide, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tatjana Potpara
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University; Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu Zhang
- Beijing Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Abdel Fuenmayor
- Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Section, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University Hospital of The Andes, Avenida 16 de Septiembre, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
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23
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Diemberger I, Migliore F, Biffi M, Cipriani A, Bertaglia E, Lorenzetti S, Massaro G, Tanzarella G, Boriani G. The “Subtle” connection between development of cardiac implantable electrical device infection and survival after complete system removal: An observational prospective multicenter study. Int J Cardiol 2018; 250:146-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Diemberger I, Biffi M, Lorenzetti S, Martignani C, Raffaelli E, Ziacchi M, Rapezzi C, Pacini D, Boriani G. Predictors of long-term survival free from relapses after extraction of infected CIED. Europace 2017; 20:1018-1027. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Martignani
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Raffaelli
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ziacchi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Pacini
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
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25
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Ziacchi M, Corzani A, Diemberger I, Martignani C, Marziali A, Mazzotti A, Massaro G, Rapezzi C, Biffi M, Boriani G. Electrocardiographic Eligibility for Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: Evaluation during Bicycle Exercise. Heart Lung Circ 2016; 25:476-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Diemberger I, Parisi Q, De Filippo P, Narducci ML, Zanon F, Potenza DR, Ciaramitaro G, Malacrida M, Boriani G, Biffi M. Detect Long-term Complications After ICD Replacement (DECODE): Rationale and Study Design of a Multicenter Italian Registry. Clin Cardiol 2015; 38:577-84. [PMID: 26282191 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) may give rise to considerable clinical consequences, the importance of which is underrated by the medical community. Replacement-related adverse events are difficult to identify and require monitoring of both short-term complications and long-term patient outcome. The aim of this study is to perform a structured evaluation of both short- and long-term adverse events and a cost analysis of consecutive ICD replacement procedures. Detect Long-term Complications After ICD Replacement (DECODE) is a prospective, single-arm, multicenter cohort study designed to estimate long-term complication rates (at 12 months and 5 years) in patients undergoing ICD generator replacement. The study will also evaluate predictors of complications, patient management before and during the replacement procedure in clinical practice, and the costs related to use of health care resources. About 800 consecutive patients with standard indications for ICD generator replacement will be enrolled in this study. The decision to undertake generator replacement/upgrade will be made according to the investigators' own judgment (which will be recorded). Patients will be followed for 60 months through periodic in-hospital examinations or remote monitoring. Detailed data on complications related to ICD replacement in current clinical practice are still lacking. The analysis of adverse events will reveal the value of new preventive strategies, thereby yielding both clinical and economic benefits. Moreover, assessment of complication rates after ICD replacement in a real-life setting will help estimate the actual long-term cost of ICD therapy and assess the real impact of increasing ICD longevity on cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Quintino Parisi
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura "Giovanni Paolo II," Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo De Filippo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Narducci
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Zanon
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Ciaramitaro
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.U. Policlinico P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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Boriani G, Savelieva I, Dan GA, Deharo JC, Ferro C, Israel CW, Lane DA, La Manna G, Morton J, Mitjans AM, Vos MA, Turakhia MP, Lip GY. Chronic kidney disease in patients with cardiac rhythm disturbances or implantable electrical devices: clinical significance and implications for decision making-a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2015; 17:1169-96. [PMID: 26108808 PMCID: PMC6281310 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Corresponding author. Giuseppe Boriani, Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy. Tel: +39 051 349858; fax: +39 051 344859. E-mail address:
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Diemberger I, Gardini B, Martignani C, Ziacchi M, Corzani A, Biffi M, Boriani G. Holter ECG for pacemaker/defibrillator carriers: what is its role in the era of remote monitoring? Heart 2015; 101:1272-8. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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De Maria E, Diemberger I, Vassallo PL, Pastore M, Giannotti F, Ronconi C, Romandini A, Biffi M, Martignani C, Ziacchi M, Bonfatti F, Tumietto F, Viale P, Boriani G. Prevention of infections in cardiovascular implantable electronic devices beyond the antibiotic agent. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2015; 15:554-64. [PMID: 24838036 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increase in incidence/prevalence of infections of implantable pacemakers and defibrillators (implantable cardioverter defibrillator, ICD) is outweighing that of the implanting procedures, mainly favored by the changes in patient profile. Despite the high impact on patient's outcome and related costs for healthcare systems, we lack specific evidence on the preventive measures with the exception of antibiotic prophylaxis. The aim of this study is to focus on common approaches to pacemaker/ICD implantation to identify the practical preventive strategies and choices that can (potentially) impact on the occurrence of this feared complication. After a brief introduction on clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and risk factors, we will present the results from a survey on the preventive strategies adopted by different operators from the 25 centers of the Emilia Romagna region in the northern Italy (4.4 million inhabitants). These data will provide the basis for reviewing available literature on this topic and identifying the gray areas. The last part of the article will cover the available evidence about pacemaker/ICD implantation, focusing on prophylaxis of pacemaker/ICD infection as a 'continuum' starting before the surgical procedure (from indications to patient preparation), which follows during (operator, room, and techniques) and after the procedure (patient and device follow-up). We will conclude by evaluating the relationship between adherence to the available evidence and the volume of procedures of the implanting centers or operators' experience according to the results of our survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia De Maria
- aCardiology Unit, 'Ramazzini Hospital', Carpi, Modena bInstitute of Cardiology, University of Bologna cCardiology Unit, 'Santa Maria della Scaletta Hospital', Imola, Bologna dCardiology Unit, 'San Secondo Hospital', Fidenza, Parma eCardiology Unit, Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna fCardiology Unit, 'Infermi Hospital', Rimini gInstitute of Cardiology, University of Ancona, Ancona hClinic of Infective Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy *Elia De Maria and Igor Diemberger contributed equally to the writing of the article
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Diemberger I, Mazzotti A, Giulia MB, Biffi M, Cristian M, Massaro G, Matteo M, Martignani C, Letizia ZM, Ziacchi M, Reggiani B, Reggiani ML, Battistini P, Boriani G. From lead management to implanted patient management: systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 15 years of experience in lead extraction. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 10:551-73. [PMID: 23895081 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.2013.811837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous lead extraction is considered a safe and effective procedure, although published results derive primarily from cohort studies. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 15 years' experience in this field, to give an objective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this procedure. Moreover, the subsequent metaregression analysis enabled the identification of the main factors influencing these results: patient age, presence of leads in situ for more than 1 year, presence of device infection and use of laser sheath. These findings are significant in order to improve our extraction approach, data reporting and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Biffi M, Melissano D, Rossi P, Kaliska G, Havli ek A, Pelargonio G, Romero R, Guastaferro C, Menichelli M, Vireca E, Frisoni J, Boriani G, Malacky T. The OPTI-MIND study: a prospective, observational study of pacemaker patients according to pacing modality and primary indications. Europace 2014; 16:689-97. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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32
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Boriani G, Braunschweig F, Deharo JC, Leyva F, Lubiński A, Lazzaro C. Impact of extending device longevity on the long-term costs of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy: a modelling study with a 15-year time horizon. Europace 2013; 15:1453-1462. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator: Effects on shoulder function. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:294-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Chu XM, Li XB, Zhang P, An Y, Duan JB, Wang L, Li D, Li B, Guo JH. Implantable defibrillator lead extraction with optimized standard extraction techniques. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2013; 10:3-9. [PMID: 23610567 PMCID: PMC3627705 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-5411.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads might not be extracted especially in developing countries because of the high cost and lack of specialized tools. We aimed to evaluate transvenous extraction of ICD leads using optimized standard techniques. Methods We prospectively analyzed clinical characteristics, optimized extraction techniques and the feasibility of extraction for 40 patients (33 males; mean age 47.9 ± 16.1 years) with 42 ICD leads. Results Complete procedural success rate was 95.2% (40/42), and the clinical success rate was 97.6% (41/42). One ICD lead required cardiothoracic surgery. Minor complications occurred in three cases (7.5%), and no major complications or death occurred. Locking stylets were used to extract most leads (34, 81.0%) and almost half of the leads (20, 47.6%) required mechanical dilatation to free fibrotic adhesions; these leads had been implanted for a longer period of time than the others (43.7 ± 18.2 vs. 18.4 ± 13.4 months, P < 0.05). Three-quarters of the leads (30, 71.4%) were extracted with locking stylets plus manual traction (12, 28.6%), or mechanical dilatation with counter-traction (18, 42.8%) by the superior vena cava approach and one-quarter of the leads (11, 26.2%) were removed by optimized snare techniques using the femoral vein approach. Median extraction time was 20 min (range 2–68 min) per lead. Linear regression analysis showed that the extraction time was significantly correlated with implant duration (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). Median follow-up was 14.5 months (range 1–58 months), no infection, or procedure-related death occurred in our series. Conclusions Our optimized procedure for transvenous extraction of ICD leads provides a practical and low-cost method for standard procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China ; Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
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Daubert JC, Saxon L, Adamson PB, Auricchio A, Berger RD, Beshai JF, Breithard O, Brignole M, Cleland J, DeLurgio DB, Dickstein K, Exner DV, Gold M, Grimm RA, Hayes DL, Israel C, Leclercq C, Linde C, Lindenfeld J, Merkely B, Mont L, Murgatroyd F, Prinzen F, Saba SF, Shinbane JS, Singh J, Tang AS, Vardas PE, Wilkoff BL, Zamorano JL, Anand I, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Boehmer JP, Calkins H, Cazeau S, Delgado V, Estes NAM, Haines D, Kusumoto F, Leyva P, Ruschitzka F, Stevenson LW, Torp-Pedersen CT. 2012 EHRA/HRS expert consensus statement on cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure: implant and follow-up recommendations and management. Europace 2013; 14:1236-86. [PMID: 22930717 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eus222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Daubert JC, Saxon L, Adamson PB, Auricchio A, Berger RD, Beshai JF, Breithard O, Brignole M, Cleland J, Delurgio DB, Dickstein K, Exner DV, Gold M, Grimm RA, Hayes DL, Israel C, Leclercq C, Linde C, Lindenfeld J, Merkely B, Mont L, Murgatroyd F, Prinzen F, Saba SF, Shinbane JS, Singh J, Tang AS, Vardas PE, Wilkoff BL, Zamorano JL. 2012 EHRA/HRS expert consensus statement on cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure: implant and follow-up recommendations and management. Heart Rhythm 2012; 9:1524-76. [PMID: 22939223 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Henrikson CA, Brinker JA. Extraction of Sterile Leads: Is it Beneficial? Card Electrophysiol Clin 2012; 4:199-207. [PMID: 26939817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of sterile leads remains a controversial area. The risks and benefits of abandoning a lead are largely unknown, whereas the risks of lead extraction are better studied. Lead management decisions need to be made on a patient-by-patient basis, with important input from the patient and family. This article presents several representative cases and reviews the major considerations in making the decision of whether or not to extract a sterile lead that has become either no longer needed or no longer functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Henrikson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UHN-62, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Carnegie 568, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Brinker
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Carnegie 568, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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The “rope and stick” and the “safety snare”: Two new techniques for tricky lead extractions. Int J Cardiol 2012; 157:449-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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