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Aldossari F, Leong SC, Aldossari M, Chandra Tripathi R, Hoffmann P, Kang DW, Kim DS. Effects of flow-induced electromagnetic field and surface roughness on antifouling activity of phenolic compounds. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:402-414. [PMID: 38991845 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2373859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Microbial fouling involves the physicochemical interactions between microorganisms and solid surfaces. An electromagnetic field (EMF) may change the diffusion rates of microbial cells and the electrical double layer around the cells and contacting surfaces. In the current study, polycardanol exhibiting antibiofouling activity was modified with ferromagnetic iron oxide (IO) to investigate the EMF effects on bacterial adhesion. When there was a flow of electrolyte that contained bacterial cells, flow-induced EMF was generated according to Faraday's principle. It was observed that the IO-ionic solution (IS)-modified surfaces, with an induced current of 44, 53, 66 nA, showed decreases in the adhesion of bacteria cells more than the unmodified (polycardanol) and IO-nanoparticles-modified ones. In addition to the EMF effects, the nano-scale uniform roughness of the modified surfaces appeared to play an important role in the reduction of cell adhesion. The results demonstrated that the IOIS-modified surface (3.2 × 10-6 mM IO) had the highest antibiofouling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Aldossari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Shyue Chen Leong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Marran Aldossari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Peter Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Dae-Wook Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Rodrigues F, Rodrigues da Silva M, Silva FS, Madeira S, Carvalho Ó. Electric Current Application on Dental Implant Biofilms: Review. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:197. [PMID: 39057318 PMCID: PMC11278489 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15070197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of complications due to the presence of biofilms in dental implant surfaces and their relationship with peri-implant diseases, namely peri-implantitis, remain difficult problems to overcome. The information available about the application of electric current on dental implant biofilms; its parameters, namely current level, voltage and exposure time; and related effects are still not enough to understand which individual mechanisms are caused by this technique, culminating in the decrease or eradication of the biofilm. The purpose of this narrative review, based on a systematic search, is to understand the effect of electric current directly applied to biofilms present in dental implants and which parameters are used. For the systematic search, electronic databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to and including November 2023, were searched. Seven studies were included. A 12-item checklist was used to assess their methodological quality. All studies used direct/constant electric current; however, that use was not achieved by the same protocol/set-up. Parameters such as current, voltage, resistance, and actuation time were different in all studies. Monospecies and multi-species biofilm were used in the substrate made of titanium. The results indicate that the use of constant and alternating electric current directly applied to dental implant's surfaces is a promising way to treat problems related to biofilms and peri-implant diseases. Future trials, namely in vivo tests, are necessary to reveal all the potential of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (F.R.); (M.R.d.S.); (S.M.); (Ó.C.)
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Chen CF, Chen CM, Huang WC, Liu SH, Wang LL, Liu PF, Chen PH. The use of customized 3D-printed mandibular prostheses with pressure-reducing device: A clinical trial. Head Neck 2024; 46:1614-1624. [PMID: 38328961 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Segmental bone defects of the mandible result in the complete loss of the affected region. We had incorporated the pressure-reducing device (PRD) designs into the customized mandible prostheses (CMP) and conducted a clinical trial to evaluate this approach. METHODS Seven patients were enrolled in this study. We examined the association among the history of radiotherapy, the number of CMP regions, the number of chin regions involved, and CMP exposure. RESULTS We included five men and two women with an average age of 55 years. We excised tumors with an average weight of 147.8 g and the average weight of the CMP was 68.5 g. No significant difference between the two weights was noted (p = 0.3882). Three patients received temporary dentures and the CMP remained stable in all patients. CONCLUSION The use of PRD in CMP may address the previous challenges associated with CMP, but further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Dental Laboratory Technology, Shu Zen College of Medicine & Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Huang
- Laser and Additive Manufacturing Technology Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ho Liu
- Laser and Additive Manufacturing Technology Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Lin Wang
- KSVGH Originals & Enterprises, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ho Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Rodrigues F, Pereira HF, Pinto J, Padrão J, Zille A, Silva FS, Carvalho Ó, Madeira S. Zirconia Dental Implants Surface Electric Stimulation Impact on Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5719. [PMID: 38891904 PMCID: PMC11171956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss during the lifetime of an individual is common. A strategy to treat partial or complete edentulous patients is the placement of dental implants. However, dental implants are subject to bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, which cause an infection named peri-implantitis. The existing long-term treatments for peri-implantitis are generally inefficient. Thus, an electrical circuit was produced with zirconia (Zr) samples using a hot-pressing technique to impregnate silver (Ag) through channels and holes to create a path by LASER texturing. The obtained specimens were characterized according to vitro cytotoxicity, to ensure ZrAg non-toxicity. Furthermore, samples were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus using 6.5 mA of alternating current (AC). The current was delivered using a potentiostat and the influence on the bacterial concentration was assessed. Using AC, the specimens displayed no bacterial adhesion (Log 7 reduction). The in vitro results presented in this study suggest that this kind of treatment can be an alternative and promising strategy to treat and overcome bacterial adhesion around dental implants that can evolve to biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Rodrigues
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (F.R.); (H.F.P.); (J.P.); (F.S.S.); (Ó.C.); (S.M.)
- Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems (LABBELS), 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena F. Pereira
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (F.R.); (H.F.P.); (J.P.); (F.S.S.); (Ó.C.); (S.M.)
- Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems (LABBELS), 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- MIT Portugal Program, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Pinto
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (F.R.); (H.F.P.); (J.P.); (F.S.S.); (Ó.C.); (S.M.)
- Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems (LABBELS), 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Center for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Andrea Zille
- Center for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (F.R.); (H.F.P.); (J.P.); (F.S.S.); (Ó.C.); (S.M.)
- Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems (LABBELS), 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (F.R.); (H.F.P.); (J.P.); (F.S.S.); (Ó.C.); (S.M.)
- Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems (LABBELS), 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Madeira
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (F.R.); (H.F.P.); (J.P.); (F.S.S.); (Ó.C.); (S.M.)
- Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems (LABBELS), 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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Ding J, Wang X, Liu W, Ding C, Wu J, He R, Zhang X. Biofilm Microenvironment Activated Antibiotic Adjuvant for Implant-Associated Infections by Systematic Iron Metabolism Interference. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400862. [PMID: 38408138 PMCID: PMC11077648 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Hematoma, a risk factor of implant-associated infections (IAIs), creates a Fe-rich environment following implantation, which proliferates the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Fe metabolism is a major vulnerability for pathogens and is crucial for several fundamental physiological processes. Herein, a deferiprone (DFP)-loaded layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based nanomedicine (DFP@Ga-LDH) that targets the Fe-rich environments of IAIs is reported. In response to acidic changes at the infection site, DFP@Ga-LDH systematically interferes with bacterial Fe metabolism via the substitution of Ga3+ and Fe scavenging by DFP. DFP@Ga-LDH effectively reverses the Fe/Ga ratio in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, causing comprehensive interference in various Fe-associated targets, including transcription and substance metabolism. In addition to its favorable antibacterial properties, DFP@Ga-LDH functions as a nano-adjuvant capable of delaying the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Accordingly, DFP@Ga-LDH is loaded with a siderophore antibiotic (cefiderocol, Cefi) to achieve the antibacterial nanodrug DFP@Ga-LDH-Cefi. Antimicrobial and biosafety efficacies of DFP@Ga-LDH-Cefi are validated using ex vivo human skin and mouse IAI models. The pivotal role of the hematoma-created Fe-rich environment of IAIs is highlighted, and a nanoplatform that efficiently interferes with bacterial Fe metabolism is developed. The findings of the study provide promising guidance for future research on the exploration of nano-adjuvants as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Ding
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Renke He
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200233P. R. China
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Chan RK, Nuutila K, Mathew-Steiner SS, Diaz V, Anselmo K, Batchinsky M, Carlsson A, Ghosh N, Sen CK, Roy S. A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Fabric-Based Wireless Electroceutical Dressing Compared to Standard-of-Care Treatment Against Acute Trauma and Burn Wound Biofilm Infection. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2024; 13:1-13. [PMID: 36855334 PMCID: PMC10654645 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2023.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Despite advances in the use of topical and parenteral antimicrobial therapy and the practice of early tangential burn wound excision to manage bacterial load, 60% of the mortality from burns is attributed to bacterial biofilm infection. A low electric field (∼1 V) generated by the novel FDA-cleared wireless electroceutical dressing (WED) was previously shown to significantly prevent and disrupt burn biofilm infection in preclinical studies. Based on this observation, the purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of the WED dressing powered by a silver-zinc electrocouple in the prevention and disruption of biofilm infection. Approach: A prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the WED compared with standard-of-care (SoC) dressing to treat biofilms. Burn wounds were randomized to receive either SoC or WED. Biopsies were collected on days 0 and 7 for histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of biofilm, and for quantitative bacteriological analyses. Results: In total, 38 subjects were enrolled in the study. In 52% of the WED-treated wounds, little to no biofilm could be detected by SEM. WED significantly lowered or prevented increase of biofilm in all wounds compared with the pair-matched SoC-treated wounds. Innovation: WED is a simple, easy, and rapid method to protect the wound while also inhibiting infection. It is activated by a moist environment and the electrical field induces transient and micromolar amounts of superoxide anion radicals that will prevent bacterial growth. Conclusion: WED decreased biofilm infection better compared with SoC. The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04079998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney K. Chan
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maria Batchinsky
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anders Carlsson
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas, USA
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nandini Ghosh
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Zou P, Wang Y, Cao P, Li P, Liu J, Luan Q. Weak direct current exerts synergistic effect with antibiotics and reduces the antibiotic resistance: An in vitro subgingival plaque biofilm model. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:143-154. [PMID: 36446019 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Weak direct current (DC) exerts killing effect and synergistic killing effect with antibiotics in some specific bacteria biofilms. However, the potential of weak DC alone or combined with periodontal antibiotics in controlling periodontal pathogens and plaque biofilms remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether weak DC could exert the anti-biofilm effect or enhance the killing effect of metronidazole (MTZ) and/or amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium (AMC) on subgingival plaque biofilms, by constructing an in vitro subgingival plaque biofilm model. METHODS The pooled subgingival plaque and saliva of patients with periodontitis (n = 10) were collected and cultured anaerobically on hydroxyapatite disks in vitro for 48 h to construct the subgingival plaque biofilm model. Then such models were stimulated with 0 μA DC alone (20 min/12 h), 1000 μA DC alone (20 min/12 h), 16 μg/ml MTZ, 16 μg/ml AMC or their combination, respectively. Through viable bacteria counting, metabolic activity assay, quantitative real-time PCR absolute quantification and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the anti-biofilm effect of 1000 μA DC and enhanced killing effects of 1000 μA DC combined with antibiotics (MTZ, AMC or MTZ+AMC) were explored. RESULTS The old subgingival plaque model (48 h) had no significant difference in total bacterial loads from subgingival plaque in situ, which achieved a similarity of 80%. The 1000 μA DC plus MTZ or AMC for 12 h showed a stronger synergistic killing effect than the same combination for 20 min. The metabolic activity was reduced to the lowest by DC plus MTZ+AMC, as 37.4% of that in the control group, while average synergistic killing effect reached 1.06 log units and average total bacterial loads decreased to 0.87 log units. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the genera Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Treponema_2, and Tannerella were decreased significantly. CONCLUSION The presence of weak DC (1000 μA) improved the killing effect of antibiotics on subgingival plaque biofilms, which might provide a novel strategy to reduce their antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Zou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Cao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Highly-efficient cathodic lysis of biofilm on conductive carbon nanotube membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Rodriguez-Alvarez JS, Kratky L, Yates-Alston S, Sarkar S, Vogel K, Gutierrez-Aceves J, Levi N. A PEDOT nano-composite for hyperthermia and elimination of urological bacteria. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212994. [PMID: 35882143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel modalities for overcoming recurrent urinary tract infections associated with indwelling urinary catheters are needed, and rapidly induced hyperthermia is one potential solution. PEDOT nanotubes are a class of photothermal particles that can easily be incorporated into silicone to produce thin, uniform coating on medical grade silicone catheters; subsequent laser stimulation therein imparts temperature elevations that can eliminate bacteria and biofilms. PEDOT silicone coatings are stable following thermal sterilization and repeated heating and cooling cycles. Laser stimulation can induce temperature increases of up to 55 °C in 300 s, but only 45 s was needed for ablation of UTI inducing E. coli biofilms in vitro. This work also demonstrates that mild hyperthermia of 50 °C, applied for only 31 s in the presence of antibiotics could eliminate E. coli biofilm as effectively as high temperatures. This work culminates in the evaluation of the PEDOT NTs for photothermal elimination of E. coli in an in vivo model to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of a photothermal nanocomposite (16 s treatment time) for rapid clearance of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America; Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Lauren Kratky
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Shaina Yates-Alston
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Santu Sarkar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Vogel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Jorge Gutierrez-Aceves
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Nicole Levi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America.
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Zou P, Cao P, Liu J, Li P, Luan Q. Comparisons of the killing effect of direct current partially mediated by reactive oxygen species on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in planktonic state and biofilm state - an in vitro study. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:459-467. [PMID: 35028071 PMCID: PMC8739843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Bacterial biofilms formed on the surface of tissues and biomaterials are major causes of chronic infections in humans. Among them, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) are anaerobic pathogens causing dental infections associated with periodontitis. In this study, we evaluated the killing effect and underlying mechanisms of direct current (DC) as an antimicrobial method in vitro. Materials and methods We chose P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in different states to make comparisons of the killing effect of DC. By viable bacteria counting, fluorescent live/dead staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, addition of ROS scavenger DMTU and mRNA expression assay of ROS scavenging genes, the role of ROS in the killing effect was explored. Results The planktonic and biofilm states of two bacteria could be effectively killed by low-intensity DC. For the killing effect of 1000 μA DC, there were significant differences whether on planktonic P. gingivalis and P. intermedia (mean killing values: 2.40 vs 2.62 log10 CFU/mL) or on biofilm state of those (mean killing values: 0.63 vs 0.98 log10 CFU/mL). 1000 μA DC greatly induced ROS production and the mRNA expression of ROS scavenging genes. DMTU could partially decrease the killing values of DC and downregulate corresponding gene’s expression. Conclusion 1000 μA DC can kill P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in two states by promoting overproduction of ROS, and P. intermedia is more sensitive to DC than P. gingivalis. These findings indicate low-intensity DC may be a promising approach in treating periodontal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Zou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, China
| | - Pei Cao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, NO.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR, China.
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11
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Zou P, Li P, Liu J, Cao P, Luan Q. Direct current exerts electricidal and bioelectric effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms partially via promoting oxidative stress and antibiotic transport. J Microbiol 2021; 60:70-78. [PMID: 34826101 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Low electric current can inhibit certain microbial biofilms and enhance the efficacy of antimicrobials against them. This study investigated the electricidal and bioelectric effects of direct current (DC) against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms as well as the underlying mechanisms. Here, we firstly showed that DC significantly suppressed biofilm formation of P. gingivalis in time- and intensity-dependent manners, and markedly inhibited preformed P. gingivalis biofilms. Moreover, DC enhanced the killing efficacy of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium (AMC) against the biofilms. Notably, DC-treated biofilms displayed upregulated intracellular ROS and expression of ROS related genes (sod, feoB, and oxyR) as well as porin gene. Interestingly, DC-induced killing of biofilms was partially reversed by ROS scavenger N-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), and the synergistic effect of DC with MTZ/AMC was weakened by small interfering RNA of porin gene (si-Porin). In conclusion, DC can exert electricidal and bioelectric effects against P. gingivalis biofilms partially via promotion of oxidative stress and antibiotic transport, which offers a promising approach for effective management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Zou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pei Cao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
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12
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Martins Antunes de Melo WDC, Celiešiūtė-Germanienė R, Šimonis P, Stirkė A. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields. Virulence 2021; 12:2247-2272. [PMID: 34496717 PMCID: PMC8437467 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1960105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, microbial biofilms have been the cause of a wide variety of infections in the human body, reaching 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections. The biofilms present specific properties that increase the resistance to antimicrobial treatments. Thus, the development of new approaches is urgent, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising candidate. aPDT involves a synergic association of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light, producing highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the oxidation of several cellular components. This therapy attacks many components of the biofilm, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix; causing inhibition even in the cells that are inside the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Recent advances in designing new PSs to increase the production of ROS and the combination of aPDT with other therapies, especially pulsed electric fields (PEF), have contributed to enhanced biofilm inhibition. The PEF has proven to have antimicrobial effect once it is known that extensive chemical reactions occur when electric fields are applied. This type of treatment kills microorganisms not only due to membrane rupture but also due to the formation of reactive compounds including free oxygen, hydrogen, hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. So, this review aims to show the progress of aPDT and PEF against the biofilms, suggesting that the association of both methods can potentiate their effects and overcome biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa de Cassia Martins Antunes de Melo
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raimonda Celiešiūtė-Germanienė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Šimonis
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
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13
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Effects of Resonant Electromagnetic Fields on Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a future health threat and dictates a need to explore alternative and non-chemical approaches. The aim of this study was to explore the use of weak resonant electromagnetic fields as a method to disrupt biofilm formation of a pathogenic bacterium in cystic fibrosis patients. We developed a bioresonance laboratory setup able to distinguish between changes in planktonic growth and changes in biofilm formation and showed that certain resonant frequencies were able to affect biofilm formation without affecting planktonic growth. In addition, we show that the ambient day-to-day magnetic field affects biofilm formation in a non-consistent manner. Overall, we conclude that our assay is suitable for studying the potential of resonant magnetic fields as a treatment and prevention strategy to prevent biofilm infections, and that certain resonant frequencies may be used as future medical applications to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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14
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Li X, Fu YN, Huang L, Liu F, Moriarty TF, Tao L, Wei Y, Wang X. Combating Biofilms by a Self-Adapting Drug Loading Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6219-6226. [PMID: 35006889 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial biofilm is one of the main reasons that many diseases are difficult to cure. Herein, a teicoplanin (TPN)-loaded self-adapting chitosan-based hydrogel (CPH) system, called TPN-CPH, was prepared by encapsulating antibacterial TPN into CPH. This TPN-CPH can effectively combat preformed biofilms in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It has a good therapeutic effect on full-thickness cutaneous wounds in vivo of mice infected with biofilms. In addition, TPN-CPH can accelerate wound healing by self-adapting the wound and providing a moist environment. The operation process of TPN-CPH is simple, and no external stimulation such as light and heat is needed in the treatment process, making it more convenient for clinical application. Furthermore, this is a challenge to use self-adapting hydrogels to adapt the micro-size channels of biofilms. TPN-CPH provides a chitosan-based self-adapting hydrogel system for loading drugs to kill bacteria in biofilms, and thus it is promising for infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Fu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.,AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos Platz 7270, Switzerland
| | - Lifei Huang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | | | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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15
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Duchesne C, Frescaline N, Blaise O, Lataillade JJ, Banzet S, Dussurget O, Rousseau A. Cold Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Killing of Staphylococcus aureus by Macrophages. mSphere 2021; 6:e0021721. [PMID: 34133202 PMCID: PMC8265637 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00217-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important immune cells that are involved in the elimination of microbial pathogens. Following host invasion, macrophages are recruited to the site of infection, where they launch antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Effective microbial clearance by macrophages depends on phagocytosis and phagolysosomal killing mediated by oxidative burst, acidification, and degradative enzymes. However, some pathogenic microorganisms, including some drug-resistant bacteria, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to prevent phagocytosis or escape intracellular degradation. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging technology with promising bactericidal effects. Here, we investigated the effect of CAP on Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells. We demonstrate that CAP treatment increases intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide and promotes the elimination of both antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus by RAW 264.7 cells. This effect was inhibited by antioxidants indicating that the bactericidal effect of CAP was mediated by oxidative killing of intracellular bacteria. Furthermore, we show that CAP promotes the association of S. aureus to lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1)-positive phagosomes, in which bacteria are exposed to low pH and cathepsin D hydrolase. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that CAP activates defense mechanisms of macrophages, ultimately leading to bacterial elimination. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Treatment failures are increasingly common due to antibiotic resistance and the emergence of resistant strains. Macrophages participate in the first line of immune defense and are critical for coordinated defense against pathogenic bacteria. However, S. aureus has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to escape macrophage killing. In the quest to identify novel antimicrobial therapeutic approaches, we investigated the activity of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on macrophages infected with S. aureus. Here, we show that CAP treatment promotes macrophage ability to eliminate internalized bacteria. Importantly, CAP could trigger killing of both antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus. While CAP did not affect the internalization capacity of macrophages, it increased oxidative-dependent bactericidal activity and promoted the formation of degradative phagosomes. Our study shows that CAP has beneficial effects on macrophage defense mechanisms and may potentially be useful in adjuvant antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Duchesne
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
- Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nadira Frescaline
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
- Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Océane Blaise
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
- Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
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16
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Kaiser F, Scharnweber D, Bierbaum S, Wolf-Brandstetter C. Success and side effects of different treatment options in the low current attack of bacterial biofilms on titanium implants. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 133:107485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Martens SL, Klein S, Barnes RA, TrejoSanchez P, Roth CC, Ibey BL. 600-ns pulsed electric fields affect inactivation and antibiotic susceptibilities of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus. AMB Express 2020; 10:55. [PMID: 32189137 PMCID: PMC7080936 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell suspensions of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus were exposed to 600-ns pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) at varying amplitudes (Low-13.5, Mid-18.5 or High-23.5 kV cm−1) and pulse numbers (0 (sham), 1, 5, 10, 100 or 1000) at a 1 hertz (Hz) repetition rate. The induced temperature rise generated at these exposure parameters, hereafter termed thermal gradient, was measured and applied independently to cell suspensions in order to differentiate inactivation triggered by electric field (E-field) from heating. Treated cell suspensions were plated and cellular inactivation was quantified by colony counts after a 24-hour (h) incubation period. Additionally, cells from both exposure conditions were incubated with various antibiotic-soaked discs to determine if nsPEF exposure would induce changes in antibiotic susceptibility. Results indicate that, for both species, the total delivered energy (amplitude, pulse number and pulse duration) determined the magnitude of cell inactivation. Specifically, for 18.5 and 23.5 kV cm−1 exposures, L. acidophilus was more sensitive to the inactivation effects of nsPEF than E. coli, however, for the 13.5 kV cm−1 exposures E. coli was more sensitive, suggesting that L. acidophilus may need to meet an E-field threshold before significant inactivation can occur. Results also indicate that antibiotic susceptibility was enhanced by multiple nsPEF exposures, as observed by increased zones of growth inhibition. Moreover, for both species, a temperature increase of ≤ 20 °C (89% of exposures) was not sufficient to significantly alter cell inactivation, whereas none of the thermal equivalent exposures were sufficient to change antibiotic susceptibility categories.
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18
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Ehrensberger MT, Clark CM, Canty MK, McDermott EP. Electrochemical methods to enhance osseointegrated prostheses. Biomed Eng Lett 2020; 10:17-41. [PMID: 32175128 PMCID: PMC7046908 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-019-00134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseointegrated (OI) prosthetic limbs have been shown to provide an advantageous treatment option for amputees. In order for the OI prosthesis to be successful, the titanium implant must rapidly achieve and maintain proper integration with the bone tissue and remain free of infection. Electrochemical methods can be utilized to control and/or monitor the interfacial microenvironment where the titanium implant interacts with the biological system (host bone tissue or bacteria). This review will summarize the current understanding of how electrochemical modalities can influence bone tissue and bacteria with specific emphasis on applications where the metallic prosthesis itself can be utilized directly as a stimulating electrode for enhanced osseointegration and infection control. In addition, a summary of electrochemical impedance sensing techniques that could be used to potentially assess osseointegration and infection status of the metallic prosthesis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Ehrensberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, 445 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Caelen M. Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, 445 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Mary K. Canty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, 445 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Eric P. McDermott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, 445 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
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19
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Xu Y, Dhaouadi Y, Stoodley P, Ren D. Sensing the unreachable: challenges and opportunities in biofilm detection. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 64:79-84. [PMID: 31766008 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria can attach to essentially all materials and form multicellular biofilms with high-level tolerance to antimicrobials. Detrimental biofilms are responsible for a variety of problems ranging from food and water contamination, bio-corrosion, to drug resistant infections. Besides the challenges in control, biofilms are also difficult to detect due to the lack of biofilm-specific biomarkers and methods for non-destructive imaging. In this article, we present a concise review of recent advancements in this field, with a focus on medical device-associated infections. We also discuss the technologies that have potential for non-destructive detection of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States
| | - Yousr Dhaouadi
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Orthopaedics and the Infectious Diseases Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), and National Biofilm Innovation Centre, Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States; Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States.
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20
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Khatoon Z, McTiernan CD, Suuronen EJ, Mah TF, Alarcon EI. Bacterial biofilm formation on implantable devices and approaches to its treatment and prevention. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01067. [PMID: 30619958 PMCID: PMC6312881 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, biofilms are defined as complex communities of bacteria residing within an exopolysaccharide matrix that adheres to a surface. In the clinic, they are typically the cause of chronic, nosocomial, and medical device-related infections. Due to the antibiotic-resistant nature of biofilms, the use of antibiotics alone is ineffective for treating biofilm-related infections. In this review, we present a brief overview of concepts of bacterial biofilm formation, and current state-of-the-art therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating biofilms. Also, we have reviewed the prevalence of such infections on medical devices and discussed the future challenges that need to be overcome in order to successfully treat biofilms using the novel technologies being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Khatoon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Christopher D. McTiernan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Gilmore BF, Flynn PB, O'Brien S, Hickok N, Freeman T, Bourke P. Cold Plasmas for Biofilm Control: Opportunities and Challenges. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:627-638. [PMID: 29729997 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm infections account for a major proportion of chronic and medical device associated infections in humans, yet our ability to control them is compromised by their inherent tolerance to antimicrobial agents. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) represents a promising therapeutic option. CAP treatment of microbial biofilms represents the convergence of two complex phenomena: the production of a chemically diverse mixture of reactive species and intermediates, and their interaction with a heterogeneous 3D interface created by the biofilm extracellular polymeric matrix. Therefore, understanding these interactions and physiological responses to CAP exposure are central to effective management of infectious biofilms. We review the unique opportunities and challenges for translating CAP to the management of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F Gilmore
- Biofilm and Pharmaceutical Microbiology Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK. http://twitter.com/@BrendanFGilmore
| | - Padrig B Flynn
- Biofilm and Pharmaceutical Microbiology Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Séamus O'Brien
- Biofilm and Pharmaceutical Microbiology Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Noreen Hickok
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 501, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Theresa Freeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 501, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Paula Bourke
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Marlborough Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
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22
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Abstract
Microbial biofilms, which are elaborate and highly resistant microbial aggregates formed on surfaces or medical devices, cause two-thirds of infections and constitute a serious threat to public health. Immunocompromised patients, individuals who require implanted devices, artificial limbs, organ transplants, or external life support and those with major injuries or burns, are particularly prone to become infected. Antibiotics, the mainstay treatments of bacterial infections, have often proven ineffective in the fight against microbes when growing as biofilms, and to date, no antibiotic has been developed for use against biofilm infections. Antibiotic resistance is rising, but biofilm-mediated multidrug resistance transcends this in being adaptive and broad spectrum and dependent on the biofilm growth state of organisms. Therefore, the treatment of biofilms requires drug developers to start thinking outside the constricted "antibiotics" box and to find alternative ways to target biofilm infections. Here, we highlight recent approaches for combating biofilms focusing on the eradication of preformed biofilms, including electrochemical methods, promising antibiofilm compounds and the recent progress in drug delivery strategies to enhance the bioavailability and potency of antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Wolfmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases
and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259
Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daniel Pletzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases
and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259
Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sarah C. Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases
and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259
Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases
and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259
Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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23
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Gomez-Carretero S, Nybom R, Richter-Dahlfors A. Electroenhanced Antimicrobial Coating Based on Conjugated Polymers with Covalently Coupled Silver Nanoparticles Prevents Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28805046 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hospital-acquired infections is to a large extent due to device-associated infections. Bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on surfaces of medical devices often act as seeding points of infection. To prevent such infections, coatings based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are often applied, however with varying clinical success. Here, the traditional AgNP-based antibacterial technology is reimagined, now forming the base for an electroenhanced antimicrobial coating. To integrate AgNPs in an electrically conducting polymer layer, a simple, yet effective chemical strategy based on poly(hydroxymethyl 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-MeOH:PSS) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is designed. The resultant PEDOT-MeOH:PSS-AgNP composite presents a consistent coating of covalently linked AgNPs, as shown by scanning electron microscopy and surface plasmon resonance analysis. The efficacy of the coatings, with and without electrical addressing, is then tested against Staphylococcus aureus, a major colonizer of medical implants. Using custom-designed culturing devices, a nearly complete prevention of biofilm growth is obtained in AgNP composite devices addressed with a square wave voltage input. It is concluded that this electroenhancement of the bactericidal effect of the coupled AgNPs offers a novel, efficient solution against biofilm colonization of medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Gomez-Carretero
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center; Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rolf Nybom
- Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Agneta Richter-Dahlfors
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center; Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
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Pandit S, Shanbhag S, Mauter M, Oren Y, Herzberg M. Influence of Electric Fields on Biofouling of Carbonaceous Electrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10022-10030. [PMID: 28741939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling commonly occurs on carbonaceous capacitive deionization electrodes in the process of treating natural waters. Although previous work reported the effect of electric fields on bacterial mortality for a variety of medical and engineered applications, the effect of electrode surface properties and the magnitude and polarity of applied electric fields on biofilm development has not been comprehensively investigated. This paper studies the formation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on a Papyex graphite (PA) and a carbon aerogel (CA) in the presence and the absence of an electric field. The experiments were conducted using a two-electrode flow cell with a voltage window of ±0.9 V. The CA was less susceptible to biofilm formation compared to the PA due to its lower surface roughness, lower hydrophobicity, and significant antimicrobial properties. For both positive and negative applied potentials, we observed an inverse relationship between biofilm formation and the magnitude of the applied potential. The effect is particularly strong for the CA electrodes and may be a result of cumulative effects between material toxicity and the stress experienced by cells at high applied potentials. Under the applied potentials for both electrodes, high production of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) was indicative of bacterial stress. For both electrodes, the elevated specific ROS activity was lowest for the open circuit potential condition, elevated when cathodically and anodically polarized, and highest for the ±0.9 V cases. These high applied potentials are believed to affect the redox potential across the cell membrane and disrupt redox homeostasis, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Pandit
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel
| | | | | | - Yoram Oren
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Moshe Herzberg
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel
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25
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Barker JC, Khansa I, Gordillo GM. A Formidable Foe Is Sabotaging Your Results: What You Should Know about Biofilms and Wound Healing. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:1184e-1194e. [PMID: 28445380 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe biofilm pathogenesis as it relates to problem wounds. 2. Understand the preclinical and clinical evidence implicating biofilm in problem wounds. 3. Explain the diagnostic and treatment challenges that biofilms create for problem wounds. 4. Demonstrate a basic understanding of emerging strategies aimed at counteracting these processes. SUMMARY Biofilm represents a protected mode of growth for bacteria, allowing them to evade standard diagnostic techniques and avoid eradication by standard therapies. Although only recently discovered, biofilm has existed for millennia and complicates nearly every aspect of medicine. Biofilm impacts wound healing by allowing bacteria to evade immune responses, prolonging inflammation and disabling skin barrier function. It is important to understand why problem wounds persist despite state-of-the-art treatment, why they are difficult to accurately diagnose, and why they recur. The aim of this article is to focus on current gaps in knowledge related to problem wounds, specifically, biofilm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Barker
- Columbus, Ohio.,From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University
| | - Ibrahim Khansa
- Columbus, Ohio.,From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University
| | - Gayle M Gordillo
- Columbus, Ohio.,From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University
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26
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Niepa THR, Wang H, Gilbert JL, Ren D. Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells by cathodic electrochemical currents delivered with graphite electrodes. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:344-352. [PMID: 28049020 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge to the treatment of bacterial infections associated with medical devices and biomaterials. One important intrinsic mechanism of such resistance is the formation of persister cells that are phenotypic variants of microorganisms and highly tolerant to antibiotics. Recently, we reported a new approach to eradicating persister cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using low-level direct electrochemical current (DC) and synergy with the antibiotic tobramycin. To further understand the underlying mechanism and develop this technology toward possible medical applications, we investigated the electricidal activities of non-metallic biomaterial on persister and biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa using graphite-based TGON™ 805 electrodes. We employed both single and dual chamber systems to compare electrochemical factors of TGON and stainless steel 304 electrodes. The results revealed that TGON-based treatments were highly effective against P. aeruginosa persister cells. In the single chamber system, complete eradication of planktonic persister cells (corresponding to a 7-log killing) was achieved with 70μA/cm2 DC using TGON electrodes within 40min of treatment, while the cell viability in biofilms was reduced by 2 logs within 1h. The killing effects were dose and time dependent with higher current densities requiring less time. Moreover, reduction reactions were found more effective than oxidation reactions, confirming that metal cations are not indispensable, although they may facilitate cell killing. The findings of this study can help develop electrochemical technologies to eradicate persister and biofilm cells for more effective treatment of medical device and biomaterial associated infections. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Infections associated with medical devices and biomaterials present a major challenge due to high-level tolerance of microbes to conventional antibiotics. It is well established that such tolerance is due to the formation of dormant persister cells and multicellular structures known as biofilms. Recent studies have demonstrated electrochemical treatment as a promising alternative to eradicate bacterial infections, since the killing mechanism is independent of the growth phase of bacterial cells, but relies on various electrochemical species interplaying during the treatment. The current study investigated major bactericidal properties of the electrochemical currents mediated via TGON, a carbon-based electrode material. Up to total eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa persister cells was achieved. The new knowledge of electrochemical properties and the bioactivity of TGON may help develop new methods/devices to eradicate bacterial infections by delivering safe levels of electrochemical currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagbo H R Niepa
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Jeremy L Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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27
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Swimming Pool Water: Evidences and Perspectives for a New Control Strategy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090919. [PMID: 27649225 PMCID: PMC5036752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently isolated in swimming pool settings. Nine recreational and rehabilitative swimming pools were monitored according to the local legislation. The presence of P. aeruginosa was correlated to chlorine concentration. The ability of the isolates to form a biofilm on plastic materials was also investigated. In 59.5% of the samples, microbial contamination exceeded the threshold values. P. aeruginosa was isolated in 50.8% of these samples. The presence of P. aeruginosa was not correlated with free or total chlorine amount (R² < 0.1). All the isolates were moderate- to strong-forming biofilm (Optical Density O.D.570 range 0.7-1.2). To control biofilm formation and P. aeruginosa colonization, Quantum FreeBioEnergy© (QFBE, FreeBioEnergy, Brisighella, Italy), has been applied with encouraging preliminary results. It is a new, promising control strategy based on the change of an electromagnetic field which is responsible for the proliferation of some microorganisms involved in biofilm formation, such as P. aeruginosa.
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28
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Möckl L, Fessele C, Despras G, Bräuchle C, Lindhorst TK. En route from artificial to natural: Evaluation of inhibitors of mannose-specific adhesion of E. coli under flow. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2031-6. [PMID: 27345501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the properties of six Escherichia coli adhesion inhibitors under static and under flow conditions. On mannan-covered model substrates and under static conditions, all inhibitors were able to almost completely abolish lectin-mediated E. coli adhesion. On a monolayer of living human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), the inhibitors reduced adhesion under static conditions as well, but a large fraction of bacteria still managed to adhere even at highest inhibitor concentrations. In contrast, under flow conditions E. coli did not exhibit any adhesion to HMEC-1 not even at inhibitor concentrations where significant adhesion was detected under static conditions. This indicates that the presence of shear stress strongly affects inhibitor properties and must be taken into account when evaluating the potency of bacterial adhesion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Möckl
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Fessele
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Guillaume Despras
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 11, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thisbe K Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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Direct Electrical Current Reduces Bacterial and Yeast Biofilm Formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 2016; 2016:9727810. [PMID: 27073807 PMCID: PMC4814670 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9727810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
New strategies are needed for prevention of biofilm formation. We have previously shown that 24 hr of 2,000 µA of direct current (DC) reduces Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation in vitro. Herein, we examined the effect of a lower amount of DC exposure on S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Propionibacterium acnes, and Candida albicans biofilm formation. 12 hr of 500 µA DC decreased S. epidermidis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on Teflon discs by 2, 1, 1, and 2 log10 cfu/cm2, respectively (p < 0.05). Reductions in S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and E. coli biofilm formation were observed with as few as 12 hr of 200 µA DC (2, 2 and 0.4 log10 cfu/cm2, resp.); a 1 log10 cfu/cm2 reduction in P. aeruginosa biofilm formation was observed at 36 hr. 24 hr of 500 µA DC decreased C. albicans biofilm formation on Teflon discs by 2 log10 cfu/cm2. No reduction in P. acnes biofilm formation was observed. 1 and 2 log10 cfu/cm2 reductions in E. coli and S. epidermidis biofilm formation on titanium discs, respectively, were observed with 12 hr of exposure to 500 µA. Electrical current is a potential strategy to reduce biofilm formation on medical biomaterials.
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Haddad PA, Mah TF, Mussivand T. In Vitro Assessment of Electric Currents Increasing the Effectiveness of Vancomycin Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms. Artif Organs 2015; 40:804-10. [PMID: 26713750 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of bacteria that can cause infections which are resistant to the immune system and antimicrobial treatments, posing a significant threat for patients with implantable and indwelling medical devices. The purpose of our research was to determine if utilizing specific parameters for electric currents in conjunction with antibiotics could effectively treat a highly resistant biofilm. Our study evaluated the impact of 16 μg/mL of vancomycin with or without 22 or 333 μA of direct electric current (DC) generated by stainless steel electrodes against 24-, 48-, and 72-h-old Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms formed on titanium coupons. An increase in effectiveness of vancomycin was observed with the combination of 333 μA of electric current against 48-h-old biofilms (P value = 0.01) as well as in combination with 22 μA of electric current against 72-h-old biofilms (P value = 0.04); 333 μA of electric current showed the most significant impact on the effectiveness of vancomycin against S. epidermidis biofilms demonstrating a bioelectric effect previously not observed against this strain of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Haddad
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Devices Innovation Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Tofy Mussivand
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Devices Innovation Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Sultana ST, Atci E, Babauta JT, Mohamed Falghoush A, Snekvik KR, Call DR, Beyenal H. Electrochemical scaffold generates localized, low concentration of hydrogen peroxide that inhibits bacterial pathogens and biofilms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14908. [PMID: 26464174 PMCID: PMC4604468 DOI: 10.1038/srep14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that low concentrations of H2O2 could be generated through the electrochemical conversion of oxygen by applying an electric potential to a conductive scaffold and produce a low, but constant, concentration of H2O2 that would be sufficient to destroy biofilms. To test our hypothesis we used a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain, because this species is often implicated in difficult-to-treat biofilm infections. We used conductive carbon fabric as the scaffold material ("e-scaffold"). In vitro experiments demonstrated the production of a maximum constant concentration of ~25 μM H2O2 near the e-scaffold surface. An e-scaffold was overlaid onto an existing A. baumannii biofilm, and within 24 h there was a ~4-log reduction in viable bacteria with an ~80% decrease in biofilm surface coverage. A similar procedure was used to overlay an e-scaffold onto an existing A. baumannii biofilm that was grown on a porcine explant. After 24 h, there was a ~3-log reduction in viable bacteria from the infected porcine explants with no observable damage to the underlying mammalian tissue based on a viability assay and histology. This research establishes a novel foundation for an alternative antibiotic-free wound dressing to eliminate biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujala T. Sultana
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Erhan Atci
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Jerome T. Babauta
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Azeza Mohamed Falghoush
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Kevin R. Snekvik
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
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32
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Effect of electrical energy on the efficacy of biofilm treatment using the bioelectric effect. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2015; 1:15016. [PMID: 28721233 PMCID: PMC5515217 DOI: 10.1038/npjbiofilms.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The use of electric fields in combination with small doses of antibiotics for enhanced treatment of biofilms is termed the ‘bioelectric effect’ (BE). Different mechanisms of action for the AC and DC fields have been reported in the literature over the last two decades. In this work, we conduct the first study on the correlation between the electrical energy and the treatment efficacy of the bioelectric effect on Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 biofilms. Methods: A thorough study was performed through the application of alternating (AC), direct (DC) and superimposed (SP) potentials of different amplitudes on mature E. coli biofilms. The electric fields were applied in combination with the antibiotic gentamicin (10 μg/ml) over a course of 24 h, after the biofilms had matured for 24 h. The biofilms were analysed using the crystal violet assay, the colony-forming unit method and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Results show that there is no statistical difference in treatment efficacy between the DC-, AC- and SP-based BE treatment of equivalent energies (analysis of variance (ANOVA) P>0.05) for voltages <1 V. We also demonstrate that the efficacy of the BE treatment as measured by the crystal violet staining method and colony-forming unit assay is proportional to the electrical energy applied (ANOVA P<0.05). We further verify that the treatment efficacy varies linearly with the energy of the BE treatment (r2=0.984). Our results thus suggest that the energy of the electrical signal is the primary factor in determining the efficacy of the BE treatment, at potentials less than the media electrolysis voltage. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the energy of the electrical signal, and not the type of electrical signal (AC or DC or SP), is the key to determine the efficacy of the BE treatment. We anticipate that this observation will pave the way for further understanding of the mechanism of action of the BE treatment method and may open new doors to the use of electric fields in the treatment of bacterial biofilms.
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Abstract
One of the methods of controlling biofilms that has widely been discussed in the literature is to apply a potential or electrical current to a metal surface on which the biofilm is growing. Although electrochemical biofilm control has been studied for decades, the literature is often conflicting, as is detailed in this review. The goals of this review are: (1) to present the current status of knowledge regarding electrochemical biofilm control; (2) to establish a basis for a fundamental definition of electrochemical biofilm control and requirements for studying it; (3) to discuss current proposed mechanisms; and (4) to introduce future directions in the field. It is expected that the review will provide researchers with guidelines on comparing datasets across the literature and generating comparable datasets. The authors believe that, with the correct design, electrochemical biofilm control has great potential for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujala T Sultana
- a The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - Jerome T Babauta
- a The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- a The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
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34
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Di Bonaventura G, Pompilio A, Crocetta V, De Nicola S, Barbaro F, Giuliani L, D'Emilia E, Fiscarelli E, Bellomo RG, Saggini R. Exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field affects biofilm formation by cystic fibrosis pathogens. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:1303-17. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Aims: To evaluate the in vitro effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on growth and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains from cystic fibrosis patients. Materials & methods: The motion of selected ions (Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mg, K, Na) was stimulated by the ion resonance effect, then influence on growth and biofilm formation/viability was assessed by spectrophotometry or viability count. Results: Generally, exposure to ELF-MF significantly increased bacterial growth and affected both biofilm formation and viability, although with differences with regard to ions and species considered. Conclusion: Exposure to ELF-MF represents a possible new approach for treatment of biofilm-associated cystic fibrosis lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Serena De Nicola
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Filippo Barbaro
- Prometeo S.r.l., Padova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Livio Giuliani
- INAIL, Workers Compensation Authority, Research Center of Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Emilia
- INAIL, Workers Compensation Authority, Research Center of Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Grazia Bellomo
- Department of Medicine & Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raoul Saggini
- Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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35
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Zhang J, Neoh KG, Hu X, Kang ET. Mechanistic insights into response of Staphylococcus aureus to bioelectric effect on polypyrrole/chitosan film. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7690-8. [PMID: 24934644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of biofilm-related infections in orthopedics remains a serious clinical challenge. It is known that an electric current can significantly enhance the potency of some antibiotics against biofilms (bioelectric effect) but the uncertainty of the mechanisms and the electrolytic cell-like system used in previous studies limit its applications. Herein, the behavior of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on an electrically conductive polypyrrole/chitosan film upon passage of a direct current (DC) through the film was investigated in the absence and presence of gentamicin. The killing efficacy of the bacteria within the biofilm by gentamicin was greatly enhanced by the DC treatment. From an analysis of the gene expression by the biofilm bacteria after treatment with gentamicin, DC and their combination, it is postulated that the promotion of bacterial autolysis by DC treatment is responsible for the enhanced susceptibility of biofilm S. aureus to gentamicin. This postulate is supported by an increase in the amount of extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid and adenosine triphosphate, and the appearance of disrupted bacterial cells in the biofilm after DC treatment. These findings provide a new insight into the interaction between DC and bacteria, and offer potential benefits for the treatment of infections in orthopedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 117576, Singapore
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 117576, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 117576, Singapore.
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 117576, Singapore
| | - En-Tang Kang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 117576, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 117576, Singapore
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