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Xie D, Quan J, Yu X, Liang Z, Chen Y, Wu L, Lin L, Fan L. Molecular mechanism of Jianpiyifei II granules in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, and experimental assessment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155273. [PMID: 38342020 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by persistent airway and lung inflammation, excessive mucus production, remodeling of the airways, and damage to the alveolar tissue. Based on clinical experience, it has been observed that Jianpiyifei II (JPYF II) granules exhibit a significant therapeutic impact on individuals suffering from stable COPD. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of JPYF II's potential mode of action against COPD remains to be further clarified. PURPOSE To further investigate the underlying mechanism of JPYF II for treating COPD and clarify the role of the IL-17 pathway in the treatment. METHODS A variety of databases were utilized to acquire JPYF II's bioactive components, as well as related targets of JPYF II and COPD. Cytoscape was utilized to establish multiple interaction networks for the purpose of topological analyses and core-target screening. The Metascape was utilized to identify the function of target genes and crucial signaling pathways. To evaluate the interactions between bioactive ingredients and central target proteins, molecular docking simulations were conducted. Following that, a sequence of experiments was conducted both in the laboratory and in living organisms, which included analyzing the cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), examining lung tissue for histopathological changes, conducting immunohistochemistry, RT‒qPCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. RESULTS In JPYF II, 88 bioactive ingredients were predicted to have a total of 342 targets. After conducting Venn analysis, it was discovered that 284 potential targets of JPYF II were linked to the provision of defensive benefits against COPD. The PPI network yielded a total of twenty-four core targets. The findings from the analysis of enrichment and gene‒pathway network suggested that JPYF II targeted Hsp90, MAPKs, ERK, AP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, CXCL8, and MMP-9 as crucial elements for COPD treatment through the IL-17 pathway. Additionally, JPYF II might modulate MAPK signaling pathways and the downstream transcription factor AP-1 via IL-17 regulation. According to the findings from molecular docking, it was observed that the 24 core target proteins exhibited robust binding affinities towards the top 10 bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the treatment of COPD through the regulation of MAPKs in the IL-17 pathway was significantly influenced by flavonoids and sterols found in JPYF II. In vitro, these observations were further confirmed. In vivo results demonstrated that JPYF II reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in pulmonary tissues and the quantity of inflammatory cells in BALF obtained from LPS- and CS-stimulated mice. Moreover, the administration of JPYF II resulted in the inhibition of IL-17 mRNA and protein levels, phosphorylation levels of MAPK proteins, and expression of phosphorylated AP-1 proteins. It also suppressed the expression of downstream effector genes and proteins associated with the IL-17/MAPK/AP-1 signaling axis in lung tissues and BALF. CONCLUSION This research reveals that JPYF II improves COPD by controlling the IL-17/MAPK/AP-1 signaling axis within the IL-17 pathway for the first time. These findings offer potential approaches for the creation of novel medications that specifically target IL-17 and proteins involved in the IL-17 pathway to address COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Long Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
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An inhibitor of RORγ for chronic pulmonary obstructive disease treatment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8744. [PMID: 35610240 PMCID: PMC9130233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of RORγ as a transcription factor for Th17 cell differentiation and thereby regulation of IL-17 levels is well known. Increased RORγ expression along with IL-17A levels was observed in animal models, immune cells and BAL fluid of COPD patients. Increased IL-17A levels in severe COPD patients are positively correlated with decreased lung functions and increased severity symptoms and emphysema, supporting an urgency to develop novel therapies modulating IL-17 or RORγ for COPD treatment. We identified a potent RORγ inhibitor, PCCR-1 using hit to lead identification followed by extensive lead optimization by structure–activity relationship. PCCR-1 resulted in RORγ inhibition with a high degree of specificity in a biochemical assay, with > 300-fold selectivity over other isoforms of ROR. Our data suggest promising potency for IL-17A inhibition in human and canine PBMCs and mouse splenocytes with no significant impact on Th1 and Th2 cytokines. In vivo, PCCR-1 exhibited significant efficacy in the acute CS model with dose-dependent inhibition of the PD biomarkers that correlated well with the drug concentration in lung and BAL fluid, demonstrating an acceptable safety profile. This inhibitor effectively inhibited IL-17A release in whole blood and BALf samples from COPD patients. Overall, we identified a selective inhibitor of RORγ to pursue further development of novel scaffolds for COPD treatment.
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Differential Expression Study of Lysine Crotonylation and Proteome for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Type II Respiratory Failure. Can Respir J 2021; 2021:6652297. [PMID: 34221209 PMCID: PMC8221893 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6652297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The modification of lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is another biological function of histone in addition to modification of lysine acetylation (Kac), which may play a specific regulatory role in diseases. Objectives This study compared the expression levels of Kcr and proteome between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with type II respiratory failure (RF) to study the relationship between Kcr, proteome, and COPD. Methods We tested the Kcr and proteome of COPD combined with type II RF and normal control (NC) using croton acylation enrichment technology and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with high resolution. Results We found that 32 sites of 23 proteins were upregulated and 914 sites of 295 proteins were downregulated. We performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein domain, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis on crotonylated protein. In proteomics research, we found that 190 proteins were upregulated and 151 proteins were downregulated. Among them, 90 proteins were both modified by differentially expressed crotonylation sites and differentially expressed in COPD combined with type II RF and NC. Conclusion Differentially expressed crotonylation sites may be involved in the development of COPD combined with type II RF. 90 proteins modified by crotonylation and differentially expressed in COPD combined with type II RF can be used as markers for the study of the molecular pathogenesis of COPD combined with type II RF.
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Jaligama S, Patel VS, Wang P, Sallam A, Harding J, Kelley M, Mancuso SR, Dugas TR, Cormier SA. Radical containing combustion derived particulate matter enhance pulmonary Th17 inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:20. [PMID: 29724254 PMCID: PMC5934866 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollutant particles containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are formed during many combustion processes (e.g. thermal remediation of hazardous wastes, diesel/gasoline combustion, wood smoke, cigarette smoke, etc.). Our previous studies demonstrated that acute exposure to EPFRs results in dendritic cell maturation and Th17-biased pulmonary immune responses. Further, in a mouse model of asthma, these responses were enhanced suggesting exposure to EPFRs as a risk factor for the development and/or exacerbation of asthma. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been shown to play a role in the differentiation of Th17 cells. In the current study, we determined whether exposure to EPFRs results in Th17 polarization in an AHR dependent manner. RESULTS Exposure to EPFRs resulted in Th17 and IL17A dependent pulmonary immune responses including airway neutrophilia. EPFR exposure caused a significant increase in pulmonary Th17 cytokines such as IL6, IL17A, IL22, IL1β, KC, MCP-1, IL31 and IL33. To understand the role of AHR activation in EPFR-induced Th17 inflammation, A549 epithelial cells and mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were exposed to EPFRs and expression of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1, markers for AHR activation, was measured. A significant increase in Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 gene expression was observed in pulmonary epithelial cells and BMDCs in an oxidative stress and AHR dependent manner. Further, in vivo exposure of mice to EPFRs resulted in oxidative stress and increased Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 pulmonary gene expression. To further confirm the role of AHR activation in pulmonary Th17 immune responses, mice were exposed to EPFRs in the presence or absence of AHR antagonist. EPFR exposure resulted in a significant increase in pulmonary Th17 cells and neutrophilic inflammation, whereas a significant decrease in the percentage of Th17 cells and neutrophilic inflammation was observed in mice treated with AHR antagonist. CONCLUSION Exposure to EPFRs results in AHR activation and induction of Cyp1a1 and in vitro this is dependent on oxidative stress. Further, our in vivo studies demonstrated a role for AHR in EPFR-induced pulmonary Th17 responses including neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Jaligama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
| | - Vivek S. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Room 2510, 1909 Freight Dock, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Pingli Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Asmaa Sallam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
| | - Jeffrey Harding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Matthew Kelley
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | | | - Tammy R. Dugas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Room 2510, 1909 Freight Dock, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Stephania A. Cormier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Room 2510, 1909 Freight Dock, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
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Lee KH, Lee CH, Woo J, Jeong J, Jang AH, Yoo CG. Cigarette Smoke Extract Enhances IL-17A-Induced IL-8 Production via Up-Regulation of IL-17R in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Mol Cells 2018; 41:282-289. [PMID: 29463070 PMCID: PMC5935094 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly derived from T helper 17 cells and is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke (CS) has been considered as a primary risk factor of COPD. However, the interaction between CS and IL-17A and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clarified. In the current study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on IL-17A-induced IL-8 production in human bronchial epithelial cells, and sought to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. IL-8 production was significantly enhanced following treatment with both IL-17A and CSE, while treatment with either IL-17A or CSE alone caused only a slight increase in IL-8 production. CSE increased the transcription of IL-17RA/RC and surface membrane expression of IL-17R, which was suppressed by an inhibitor of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway (LY294002). CSE caused inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Blockade of GSK-3β inactivation by overexpression of constitutively active GSK-3β (S9A) completely suppressed the CSE-induced up-regulation of IL-17R expression and the CSE-induced enhancement of IL-8 secretion. In conclusion, inactivation of GSK-3β via the PI3K/Akt pathway mediates CSE-induced up-regulation of IL-17R, which contributes to the enhancement of IL-17A-induced IL-8 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hee Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jisu Woo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jiyeong Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - An-Hee Jang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Eapen MS, Myers S, Walters EH, Sohal SS. Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a true paradox. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 11:827-839. [PMID: 28743228 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1360769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily an airway condition, which mainly affects cigarette smokers and presents with shortness of breath that is progressive and poorly reversible. In COPD research, there has been a long held belief that airway disease progression is due to inflammation. Although this may be true in the airway lumen with innate immunity activated by the effect of smoke or secondary to infection, the accurate picture of inflammatory cells in the airway wall, where the pathophysiological COPD remodeling occurs, is uncertain and debatable. Areas covered: The current review provides a comprehensive literature survey of the changes in the main inflammatory cells in human COPD patients and focuses on contrarian views that affect the prevailing dogma on inflammation. The review also delves into the role of oxidative stress and inflammasomes in modulating the immune response in COPD. Further, the effects of inflammation in affecting the epithelium, fibroblasts, and airway remodeling are discussed. Expert commentary: Inflammation as a driving force for airway wall damage and remodelling in early COPD is at the very least 'oversimplified' and is likely to be misleading. This has serious implications for rational thinking about the illness, including pathogenesis and designing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Suji Eapen
- a Breathe Well Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia
| | - Stephen Myers
- b School of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , Australia
| | - Eugene Haydn Walters
- a Breathe Well Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- a Breathe Well Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia.,b School of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , Australia
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Eich A, Urban V, Jutel M, Vlcek J, Shim JJ, Trofimov VI, Liam CK, Kuo PH, Hou Y, Xiao J, Branigan P, O'Brien CD. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial of CNTO 6785 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2017; 14:476-483. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2017.1335697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eich
- IKF Pneumologie Frankfurt, Institut für Klinische Forschung Pneumologie, Clinical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, ‘ALL-MED’ Medical Research Institute, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jiri Vlcek
- Department for Pneumology, University Hospital of St. Anna, 2′d Clinic for Internal Diseases, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jae Jeong Shim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vasiliy I. Trofimov
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Chong-Kin Liam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yanyan Hou
- Janssen (China) Research & Development Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Janssen (China) Research & Development Center, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick Branigan
- Janssen Clinical Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines, such as IL-17A and IL-17F, play
important protective roles in host immune response to a variety of infections
such as bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral. The IL-17R signaling and
downstream pathways mediate induction of proinflammatory molecules which
participate in control of these pathogens. However, the production of IL-17 can
also mediate pathology and inflammation associated with infections. In this
review, we will discuss the yin-and-yang roles of IL-17 in host immunity to
pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shabaana Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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Julliard W, Fechner JH, Owens L, O'Driscoll CA, Zhou L, Sullivan JA, Frydrych L, Mueller A, Mezrich JD. Modeling the Effect of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor on Transplant Immunity. Transplant Direct 2017; 3:e157. [PMID: 28573192 PMCID: PMC5441988 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to pollutants through inhalation is a risk factor for lung diseases including cancer, asthma, and lung transplant rejection, but knowledge of the effects of inhaled pollutants on pathologies outside of the lung is limited. METHODS Using the minor-mismatched model of male C57BL/6J (B6) to female B6 skin grafts, recipient mice were treated with an inhaled urban dust particle sample every 3 days before and after grafting. Graft survival time was determined, and analysis of the resulting immune response was performed at time before rejection. RESULTS Significant prolongation of male skin grafts occurred in recipient female mice treated with urban dust particles compared with controls and was found to be dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression in the recipient mouse. T cell responses to the male histocompatibility antigen (H-Y) Dby were not altered by exposure to pollutants. A reduction in the frequency of IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells infiltrating the graft on day 7 posttransplant was observed. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that AHR expression is upregulated in IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells during immune responses in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Surprisingly, inhalation of a pollutant standard was found to prolong graft survival in a minor-mismatched skin graft model in an AHR-dependent manner. One possible mechanism may be an effect on IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells responding to donor antigen. The increased expression of AHR in this CD4 T cell subset suggests that AHR ligands within the particulate matter may be directly affecting the type 1 T helper cell response in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker Julliard
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - John H Fechner
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Leah Owens
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Chelsea A O'Driscoll
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Ling Zhou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Jeremy A Sullivan
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Lynn Frydrych
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Amanda Mueller
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Joshua D Mezrich
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Abstract
The discovery of the key roles of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17A producing cells in inflammation, autoimmune diseases and host defense has led to the experimental targeting of the IL-17A pathway in animal models of diseases as well as in clinical trials in humans. These therapeutic agents include biological products that target IL-17A and IL-23, an upstream regulator of IL-17A production. IL-17A producing T helper cells (Th17 cells) are a distinct lineage from the Th1 and Th2 CD4+ lineages and have been suggested to represent a good drug target in certain inflammatory conditions. Targeting IL-17A has been proven to be a good approach as anti-IL-17A is FDA approved for the treatment of psoriasis in 2015. In host defense, IL-17A has been shown to be mostly beneficial against infection caused by extracellular bacteria and fungi. This review will overview the discovery of IL-17A, the receptors used by this cytokine and its role in mucosal immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Chen
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Matera MG, Page C, Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Cazzola M. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Drugs 2016; 76:1257-1270. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Limjunyawong N, Craig JM, Lagassé HAD, Scott AL, Mitzner W. Experimental progressive emphysema in BALB/cJ mice as a model for chronic alveolar destruction in humans. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L662-76. [PMID: 26232300 PMCID: PMC4593839 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00214.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emphysema, one of the major components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of alveolar lung tissue. Even though >80% of COPD cases are associated with cigarette smoking, only a relatively small proportion of smokers develop emphysema, suggesting a potential role for genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility to emphysema. Although strain-dependent effects have been shown in animal models of emphysema, the molecular basis underlying this intrinsic susceptibility is not fully understood. In this present study, we investigated emphysema development using the elastase-induced experimental emphysema model in two commonly used mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ. The results demonstrate that mice with different genetic backgrounds show disparate susceptibility to the development of emphysema. BALB/cJ mice were found to be much more sensitive than C57BL/6J to elastase injury in both a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, as measured by significantly higher mortality, greater body weight loss, greater decline in lung function, and a greater loss of alveolar tissue. The more susceptible BALB/cJ strain also showed the persistence of inflammatory cells in the lung, especially macrophages and lymphocytes. A comparative gene expression analysis following elastase-induced injury showed BALB/cJ mice had elevated levels of il17A mRNA and a number of classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophage genes, whereas the C57BL/6J mice demonstrated augmented levels of interferon-γ. These findings suggest a possible role for these cellular and molecular mediators in modulating the severity of emphysema and highlight the possibility that they might contribute to the heterogeneity observed in clinical emphysema outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - John M Craig
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - H A Daniel Lagassé
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan L Scott
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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Dong L, Xia JW, Gong Y, Chen Z, Yang HH, Zhang J, He J, Chen XD. Effect of lianhuaqingwen capsules on airway inflammation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:637969. [PMID: 24971150 PMCID: PMC4058171 DOI: 10.1155/2014/637969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response that is worsened by acute exacerbations. Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) has anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory functions and may inhibit the airway inflammation that occurs during an acute exacerbation of COPD. In this study, 100 participants were recruited and randomly assigned, 1 : 1, to the LHQW and the conventional groups, which were treated, respectively, with LHQW capsules and conventional Western medicine or only conventional Western medicine. The scores of the CAT scale and levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood and sputum were measured during treatment. In addition, subjects were subdivided into high-risk and low-risk subgroups. The CAT scores in the LHQW group and high-risk subgroup were clearly improved from the 5th day, but the other groups improved only after treatment was completed. Expression levels of IL-8, TNF- α , IL-17, and IL-23 in the sputum and of IL-8 and IL-17 in the blood were significantly decreased after treatment, and similar results were found in subgroups. These data suggested that LHQW capsules can accelerate the improvement of AECOPD patients, especially for the high-risk subgroup, and the mechanism of action may be related to the decreased release of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Department of Pneumology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing-wen Xia
- Department of Pneumology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Pneumology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Pneumology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hai-hua Yang
- Department of Pneumology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pneumology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Pneumology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao-dong Chen
- Department of Pneumology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Geraghty P, Hardigan AA, Wallace AM, Mirochnitchenko O, Thankachen J, Arellanos L, Thompson V, D'Armiento JM, Foronjy RF. The glutathione peroxidase 1-protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B-protein phosphatase 2A axis. A key determinant of airway inflammation and alveolar destruction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:721-30. [PMID: 23590304 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0026oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) is a primary serine-threonine phosphatase that modulates inflammatory responses in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite its importance, the mechanisms that regulate lung PP2A activity remain to be determined. The redox-sensitive enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) activates PP2A by dephosphorylating the catalytic subunit of the protein at tyrosine 307. This study aimed to identify how the interaction between the intracellular antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) and PTP1B affected lung PP2A activity and airway inflammation. Experiments using gene silencing techniques in mouse lung or human small airway epithelial cells determined that knocking down PTP1B expression blocked GPx-1's activation of PP2A and negated the anti-inflammatory effects of GPx-1 protein in the lung. Similarly, the expression of human GPx-1 in transgenic mice significantly increased PP2A and PTP1B activities and prevented chronic cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and alveolar destruction. GPx-1 knockout mice, however, exhibited an exaggerated emphysema phenotype, correlating with a nonresponsive PP2A pathway. Importantly, GPx-1-PTP1B-PP2A signaling becomes inactivated in advanced lung disease. Indeed, PTP1B protein was oxidized in the lungs of subjects with advanced emphysema, and cigarette smoke did not increase GPx-1 or PTP1B activity within epithelial cells isolated from subjects with COPD, unlike samples of healthy lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, these findings establish that the GPx-1-PTP1B-PP2A axis plays a critical role in countering the inflammatory and proteolytic responses that result in lung-tissue destruction in response to cigarette smoke exposure.
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van Voorhis M, Knopp S, Julliard W, Fechner JH, Zhang X, Schauer JJ, Mezrich JD. Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter enhances Th17 polarization through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82545. [PMID: 24349309 PMCID: PMC3859609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases, including asthma, COPD, and other autoimmune lung pathologies are aggravated by exposure to particulate matter (PM) found in air pollution. IL-17 has been shown to exacerbate airway disease in animal models. As PM is known to contain aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands and the AHR has recently been shown to play a role in differentiation of Th17 T cells, the aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to PM could impact Th17 polarization in an AHR-dependent manner. This study used both cell culture techniques and in vivo exposure in mice to examine the response of T cells to PM. Initially experiments were conducted with urban dust particles from a standard reference material, and ultimately repeated with freshly collected samples of diesel exhaust and cigarette smoke. The readout for the assays was increased T cell differentiation as indicated by increased generation of IL-17A in culture, and increased populations of IL-17 producing cells by intracellular flow cytometry. The data illustrate that Th17 polarization was significantly enhanced by addition of urban dust in a dose dependent fashion in cultures of wild-type but not AHR-/- mice. The data further suggest that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons played a primary role in this enhancement. There was both an increase of Th17 cell differentiation, and also an increase in the amount of IL-17 secreted by the cells. In summary, this paper identifies a novel mechanism whereby PM can directly act on the AHR in T cells, leading to enhanced Th17 differentiation. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for pathologic Th17 differentiation and autoimmunity seen after exposure to pollution will allow direct targeting of proteins involved in AHR activation and function for treatment of PM exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael van Voorhis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Samantha Knopp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Walker Julliard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John H. Fechner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xiaoji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James J. Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Mezrich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chang Y, Al-Alwan L, Audusseau S, Chouiali F, Carlevaro-Fita J, Iwakura Y, Baglole CJ, Eidelman DH, Hamid Q. Genetic deletion of IL-17A reduces cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and alveolar type II cell apoptosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L132-43. [PMID: 24097560 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00111.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disorder marked by relative resistance to steroids. Inflammation and apoptosis have been suggested to be important mechanisms for COPD. Interleukin (IL)-17 superfamily has been associated with chronic inflammation and diminished responses to steroids. It is reasonable to consider that IL-17 may play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD. In this study, we examined IL-17 expression in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and investigated the contribution of IL-17 to CS-induced inflammation and alveolar cell apoptosis in IL-17(-/-) mice. After exposing wild-type and IL-17(-/-) mice to mainstream CS for 4 wk, IL-17A, but not IL-17F, expression was increased in mice upon CS exposure. Neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of IL-17(-/-) mice was significantly decreased. In IL-17(-/-) mice, there is reduced expression of IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-12 compared with wild-type mice after CS exposure. The number of apoptotic type II alveolar cells was significantly increased in CS-exposed wild-type mice but not in IL-17(-/-) mice. The effect of IL-17A on type II alveolar cell apoptosis was confirmed in vitro through either addition of IL-17A or transient knockdown of IL-17A by small-interfering RNA transfection in type II alveolar cells. These findings suggest that IL-17A plays an important role in the inflammatory response to CS exposure through increased multiple inflammatory mediators. Moreover, IL-17 may also contribute to type II alveolar cell apoptosis. This study opens a new option in targeting IL-17A to modulate inflammatory response to CS and may be the bases for new therapy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, Dept. of Medicine McGill Univ., 3626 rue St. Urbain, Montreal, QC, Canada H2X 2P2.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is usually misdiagnosed and under-treated in the elderly population, resulting in complications and increased severity to the patient. In this review, we describe some of the most important serum markers of asthma studied so far, reporting their outcomes and possible prediction of asthma in the elderly population. METHODS The PubMed electronic database was used to search for promising serum biomarkers of asthma studied in original articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to January 2013. RESULTS A total of 13 relevant serum biomarkers were selected, including IgE, CRP, high sensitive CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, neopterin, serum amyloid A, eosinophil cationic protein, leukolysin, YKL-40 and soluble CD86. CONCLUSIONS Although the major focus of treatment and research has been on allergic asthma, several forms of the disease are recognized, such as neutrophilic asthma, which is characteristic of older patients. Different phenotypes imply different treatments and so it becomes important to correctly determine which type of asthma the patient is suffering from. Serum markers capable of supporting a diagnosis of asthma are needed in order to counter mistreatment and misdiagnosis with other obstructive airways disease (OAD) in elderly patients. As convenient as serum markers may seem to be, a marker capable of accurately identifying asthma with sufficient specificity is yet to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Rufo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal and
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Zhang L, Cheng Z, Liu W, Wu K. Expression of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17A and IL-22 in serum and sputum of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. COPD 2013; 10:459-65. [PMID: 23537276 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2013.770456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22 and IL-10 have been implicated in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their expression in COPD is uncertain. Here we investigate the expression of IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-10 in the serum and sputum of COPD patients. Blood samples and induced sputum samples were collected from 94 patients with COPD, 23 healthy smokers, and 22 healthy control non-smokers. IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that: 1) serum and sputum IL-17A were higher in COPD compared to healthy smokers and non-smokers; 2) serum IL-17A increased with COPD stages, it was inversely correlated with percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%) reference and positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), Sputum IL-17A levels in the severe COPD patients were positively correlated with sputum neutrophils, and reversely correlated with sputum macraphages (p < 0.01); 3) serum and sputum IL-22 were significantly higher in COPD and healthy smokers than those in the non-smoker group, sputum IL-22 was similar in severe COPD (stage III and IV), which were higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05); and, 4) serum and sputum IL-10 were similiar in COPD and healthy smokers, which were decreased compared to non-smokers. These data suggest that the increased level of IL-17A in serum and sputum plays important roles in the pathogenesis of COPD. The increased sputum IL-22 might also play important roles in the pathogenesis of COPD, while IL-10 secretion might be not only affected by COPD but also by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
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