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Behm DG, Alizadeh S, Daneshjoo A, Anvar SH, Graham A, Zahiri A, Goudini R, Edwards C, Culleton R, Scharf C, Konrad A. Acute Effects of Various Stretching Techniques on Range of Motion: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:107. [PMID: 37962709 PMCID: PMC10645614 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Although stretching can acutely increase joint range of motion (ROM), there are a variety of factors which could influence the extent of stretch-induced flexibility such as participant characteristics, stretching intensities, durations, type (technique), and muscle or joint tested. Objective The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the acute effects of stretching on ROM including moderating variables such as muscles tested, stretch techniques, intensity, sex, and trained state. Methods A random-effect meta-analysis was performed from 47 eligible studies (110 effect sizes). A mixed-effect meta-analysis subgroup analysis was also performed on the moderating variables. A meta-regression was also performed between age and stretch duration. GRADE analysis was used to assess the quality of evidence obtained from this meta-analysis. Results The meta-analysis revealed a small ROM standard mean difference in favor of an acute bout of stretching compared to non-active control condition (ES = −0.555; Z = −8.939; CI (95%) −0.677 to −0.434; p < 0.001; I2 = 33.32). While there were ROM increases with sit and reach (P = 0.038), hamstrings (P < 0.001), and triceps surae (P = 0.002) tests, there was no change with the hip adductor test (P = 0.403). Further subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference in stretch intensity (P = 0.76), trained state (P = 0.99), stretching techniques (P = 0.72), and sex (P = 0.89). Finally, meta-regression showed no relationship between the ROM standard mean differences to age (R2 = −0.03; P = 0.56) and stretch duration (R 2 = 0.00; P = 0.39), respectively. GRADE analysis indicated that we can be moderately confident in the effect estimates. Conclusion A single bout of stretching can be considered effective for providing acute small magnitude ROM improvements for most ROM tests, which are not significantly affected by stretch intensity, participants’ trained state, stretching techniques, and sex. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-023-00652-x. The meta-analysis on joint range of motion (ROM) increases revealed a small effect size in favor of an acute bout of stretching compared to the control condition. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant increase in ROM with sit and reach, hamstrings, and triceps surae tests, but no improvement with the hip adductor tests. Whereas all moderating variables presented significant increases in ROM, further subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference in ROM gains with the stretch intensity, trained state of the participants, stretching techniques, and sex. A meta-regression showed no relationship between the effect sizes to age and stretch duration, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- David George Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Abdolhamid Daneshjoo
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76169-13439, Iran
| | - Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Andrew Graham
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ali Zahiri
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Reza Goudini
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Chris Edwards
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Robyn Culleton
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Carina Scharf
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Graz University, Mozartgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Konrad
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Graz University, Mozartgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Dobija L, Pereira B, Cohen-Aknine G, Roren A, Dupeyron A, Coudeyre E. Immediate effect of passive hamstring stretching on flexibility and relationship with psychosocial factors in people with chronic low back pain. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19753. [PMID: 37810115 PMCID: PMC10559058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hamstring muscle tightness contributes to disability in people with chronic low back pain (CLBP). HM stretching improves flexibility in healthy individuals, but the immediate effect of stretching is unknown in people with CLBP. Moreover, the stretching effect could be influenced by psychosocial factors. Objectives To evaluate the immediate effect of passive HM stretching on flexibility in people with CLBP and the relationships between psychosocial factors and change in hamstring flexibility. Design Non-randomized, pilot trial. Method One minute of passive stretching was performed in 90 people with CLBP. Change in Active Knee Extension and Straight Leg Raise angles (digital inclinometer), and Fingertips-to-Floor distance (measuring tape) were measured before and immediately after stretching. Correlations between change in flexibility and baseline Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores were analyzed. Results Hamstring flexibility improved significantly after stretching; Active Knee Extension mean difference was 4° (95% CI, 2.4 to 5.1; p < 0.001, right ES = 0.24, left ES = 0.23); Straight Leg Raise mean difference was 7° (95% CI, 5.5 to 8.6, p < 0.001, right ES = 0.44, left ES = 0.42), Fingertips-to-Floor mean difference was 2 cm (95% CI, 1.7 to 3.0, p < 0.001, ES = 0.20). No correlation was found between improvement in any of the hamstring flexibility measurements and FABQ or HADS scores (p > 0.05). Conclusions Passive hamstring stretching induced an immediate, statistically significantly improvement in hamstring flexibility, but only the change in Straight Leg Raise amplitude was clinically important. Psychosocial factors were not related to improvements in flexibility after hamstring stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lech Dobija
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Clermont Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gabriel Cohen-Aknine
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Alexandra Roren
- Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Dupeyron
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Emmanuel Coudeyre
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Clermont Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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de la Barra Ortiz HA, Avila MA, Miranda LG, Liebano RE. Effect of high-intensity laser therapy in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:563. [PMID: 37653525 PMCID: PMC10472636 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic non-specific neck pain (CNNP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder known for its significant disability and economic burden, ranking second only to low back pain in musculoskeletal conditions. Physical therapy offers effective interventions for CNNP, including low-level laser therapy (LLLT). High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) is a recent treatment for musculoskeletal pain, but studies that support its use in CNNP are limited. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of high-intensity laser therapy on pain intensity in patients with CNNP, given the existing evidence on LLLT for this condition. METHODS This is a 2-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with blinded evaluators. The research will be carried out in the laboratory of physical agents at the Andrés Bello University, Campus Casona de las Condes. Eligible participants include the entire internal and external community associated with Andrés Bello University suffering from chronic non-specific NP. Participants will be stratified by sex (4 subgroups) and randomized into 2 study groups: group 1 (HILT and stretching exercises) and group 2 (sham HILT and stretching exercises). Treatments will be performed twice a week for 4 weeks with 3 assessments: before treatment (T0), at the end of treatment (T1), and 12 weeks after treatment (follow-up) (T2). The main outcomes will be pain intensity at rest, pain intensity at movement (active cervical movements: flexion, extension, right and left side bending, and right and left rotation), and pain pressure threshold (average obtained for six evaluation points). Secondary outcome measures will include neck range of motion in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes and neck disability. DISCUSSION In this study, HILT's effects on patients with non-specific NP will be compared to those of a sham laser intervention. This RCT will offer new evidence regarding the potential benefits of HILT in terms of pain intensity, range of movement, and disability in people suffering with non-specific NP. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05689788. January 19, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Andrés de la Barra Ortiz
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 7591538, Chile
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Physiotherapeutic Resources Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariana Arias Avila
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Physiotherapeutic Resources Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luis Gómez Miranda
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 7591538, Chile
| | - Richard Eloin Liebano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Physiotherapeutic Resources Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil.
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA.
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Villers J, Cardenas A, Gipson T, Man E. The Immediate Effect of Adding Lumbar Mobilization to A Static Stretching Program on Hamstrings Range of Motion: An Exploratory Study. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:253-259. [PMID: 35719221 PMCID: PMC9157527 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A contributing risk factor and a byproduct of a hamstrings strain is limited hamstrings range of motion (ROM). Some evidence supports static stretching (SS) and lumbar spinal mobilization therapy (LSMT) as an effective means for increasing hamstrings ROM. However, the efficacy of combining LSMT and SS for increasing hamstrings ROM is unknown. The objective of the study is to quantify the immediate effects of the combination of LSMT and SS compared to LSMT and SS on hamstrings ROM in a healthy population. Thirty participants were randomized by block allocation into one of three intervention groups: (1) LSMT (unilateral lumbar PA mobilization at L-4); (2) SS; or (3) combination of LSMT and SS. Hamstrings ROM was measured pre- and post-intervention by the active knee extension test (AKET). There was no group-by-time interaction effect (p = 0.871). Within group analysis revealed a significant statistical change and a large effect size: LSMT (p = .037, RCI = 3.36, d = 0.771); SS (p = 0.035, RCI = 2.94, d = 0.781); combination (p = .005, RCI = 4.21, d = 1.186. The findings suggest that the combination of LSMT and SS does not have a further effect on hamstrings ROM compared to the individual results of LSMT or SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Villers
- Department of Physical Therapy, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Cardenas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | - Travis Gipson
- Department of Physical Therapy, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | - Emily Man
- Department of Physical Therapy, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA
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Rudisill SS, Varady NH, Kucharik MP, Eberlin CT, Martin SD. Evidence-Based Hamstring Injury Prevention and Risk Factor Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Sports Med 2022:3635465221083998. [PMID: 35384731 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221083998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hamstring injuries are common among athletes. Considering the potentially prolonged recovery and high rate of recurrence, effective methods of prevention and risk factor management are of great interest to athletes, trainers, coaches, and therapists, with substantial competitive and financial implications. PURPOSE To systematically review the literature concerning evidence-based hamstring training and quantitatively assess the effectiveness of training programs in (1) reducing injury incidence and (2) managing injury risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS A computerized search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus with manual screening of selected reference lists was performed in October 2020. Randomized controlled trials investigating methods of hamstring injury prevention and risk factor management in recreational, semiprofessional, and professional adult athletes were included. RESULTS Of 2602 articles identified, 108 were included. Eccentric training reduced the incidence of hamstring injury by 56.8% to 70.0%. Concentric hamstring strength increased with eccentric (mean difference [MD], 14.29 N·m; 95% CI, 8.53-20.05 N·m), concentric, blood flow-restricted, whole-body vibration, heavy back squat, FIFA 11+ (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), and plyometric training methods, whereas eccentric strength benefited from eccentric (MD, 26.94 N·m; 95% CI, 15.59-38.30 N·m), concentric, and plyometric training. Static stretching produced greater flexibility gains (MD, 10.89°; 95% CI, 8.92°-12.86°) than proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (MD, 9.73°; 95% CI, 6.53°-12.93°) and dynamic stretching (MD, 6.25°; 95% CI, 2.84°-9.66°), although the effects of static techniques were more transient. Fascicle length increased with eccentric (MD, 0.90 cm; 95% CI, 0.53-1.27 cm) and sprint training and decreased with concentric training. Although the conventional hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio was unchanged (MD, 0.03; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.06), the functional H/Q ratio significantly improved with eccentric training (MD, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.16). In addition, eccentric training reduced limb strength asymmetry, while H/Q ratio and flexibility imbalances were normalized via resistance training and static stretching. CONCLUSION Several strategies exist to prevent hamstring injury and address known risk factors. Eccentric strengthening reduces injury incidence and improves hamstring strength, fascicle length, H/Q ratio, and limb asymmetry, while stretching-based interventions can be implemented to improve flexibility. These results provide valuable insights to athletes, trainers, coaches, and therapists seeking to optimize hamstring training and prevent injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Rudisill
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Health System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Rush Medical College of Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nathan H Varady
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Health System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Kucharik
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Health System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher T Eberlin
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Health System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott D Martin
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Health System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Moment A. Interrelation between physical activity and hamstring flexibility among university students. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224801008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent time, the specialists in the field of physical education and health protection have no consensus on the need to include stretching exercises as an obligatory type of physical activity for apparently healthy young people. The problem is that most university students tend to have sedentary lifestyle. According to some reports, this can negatively affect the flexibility of the hamstrings and, as a result, lead to a decrease in physical performance. To maintain and develop flexibility, special stretching techniques are traditionally used, which caused the point about the necessity to include them in weekly physical activity. The opposite position is that flexibility is perfectly developed and maintained through the performance of healthier types of physical activity. In this case, the flexibility of the hamstrings should be correlated with the amount of physical activity. The aim of the research was to study the relationship between the amount of physical activity of students and the flexibility of the hamstrings. To achieve this aim, a correlation study was conducted. The results of the study showed that there is a noticeable significant correlation between the total value of physical activity of students and the flexibility of the hamstrings. This, in turn, is an additional reinforcement of the position that there is no strict need to include stretching as an obligatory component of the physical activity of university students to maintain and develop the flexibility of the hamstrings.
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Ranbhor AR, Prabhakar AJ, Eapen C. Immediate effect of foam roller on pain and ankle range of motion in patients with plantar fasciitis: A randomized controlled trial. Hong Kong Physiother J 2020; 41:25-33. [PMID: 34054254 PMCID: PMC8158403 DOI: 10.1142/s1013702521500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stretching has been proven to be effective on pain and range of motion (ROM) in patients with plantar fasciitis. Despite recent gain in popularity and the proposed theories of effectiveness of foam roller, there is a lack of literature on the effect of foam rolling on plantar fasciitis. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of foam rolling and stretching on pain and ankle ROM in patients with plantar fasciitis. Methods: A total of 50 participants were included and randomly allocated to the stretching and foam roller groups. Visual analog scale (VAS), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) for gastrocnemius, soleus and plantar fascia and weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT) measurements were recorded at baseline and immediately after treatment. Results: Within-group analysis has shown there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in all the outcome measures in both foam roller and self-stretching groups. The between-groups analysis showed no statistical significance difference in VAS, plantar fascia PPT and WBLT parameters (with p-values of 0.171, 0.372 and 0.861, respectively); however, significant differences were found in gastrocnemius PPT (p=0.029) and soleus PPT (p=0.013). Conclusion: It was seen that both stretching and foam rolling techniques helped in reducing pain and increasing the ROM. However, the effectiveness of foam roller was superior to stretching in terms of increase in PPTs at gastrocnemius and soleus. Clinical Trial Registration No: CTRI/2018/01/011398. Name of registry: The Clinical Trials Registry — India (CTRI); https://ctri.nic.in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya R Ranbhor
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashish J Prabhakar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Charu Eapen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
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Alaei P, Nakhostin Ansari N, Naghdi S, Fakhari Z, Komesh S, Dommerholt J. Dry Needling for Hamstring Flexibility: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 30:452-457. [PMID: 33027765 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hamstring muscle tightness is one of the most common problems in athletic and healthy people. Dry needling (DN) was found to be an effective approach for improving muscle flexibility, but there is no study to compare this approach with static stretching (SS) as a common technique for the increase of muscle length. OBJECTIVE To compare the immediate effects of DN and SS on hamstring flexibility in healthy subjects with hamstring tightness. STUDY DESIGN A single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING A musculoskeletal physiotherapy clinic at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. SUBJECTS Forty healthy subjects (female: 32, age range: 18-40 y) with hamstring tightness were randomly assigned into 2 groups of DN and SS. INTERVENTION The DN group received a single session of DN on 3 points of the hamstring muscles, each for 1 minute. The SS group received a single session of SS of the hamstrings, consisting of 3 sets of 30-second SS with a 10-second rest between sets in the active knee extension test (AKET) position. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The AKET, muscle compliance, passive peak torque, and stretch tolerance were measured at the baseline, immediately, and 15 minutes after the interventions. RESULTS Improvements in all outcomes was better for the DN group than for the SS group. DN increased muscle compliance significantly 15 minutes after the intervention, but it did not improve in the SS group. CONCLUSION DN is effective in improving hamstring flexibility compared with SS. One session of DN can be an effective treatment for hamstring tightness and increase hamstring flexibility. The improvements suggest that DN is a novel treatment for hamstring flexibility.
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Buxton JD, Prins PJ, Miller MG, Moreno A, Welton GL, Atwell AD, Talampas TR, Elsey GE. The Effects of a Novel Quadrupedal Movement Training Program on Functional Movement, Range of Motion, Muscular Strength, and Endurance. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2186-2193. [PMID: 33021583 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Buxton, JD, Prins, PJ, Miller, MG, Moreno, A, Welton, GL, Atwell, AD, Talampas, TR, and Elsey, GE. The effects of a novel quadrupedal movement training program on functional movement, range of motion, muscular strength, and endurance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Quadrupedal movement training (QMT) is a form of bodyweight training incorporating animal poses, transitions, and crawling patterns to reportedly improve fitness. This type of training may improve multiple facets of fitness, unfortunately, little evidence exists to support commercial claims and guide practitioners in the best use of QMT. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a commercially available QMT program on functional movement, dynamic balance, range of motion, and upper body strength and endurance. Forty-two active college-age (19.76 ± 2.10 years) subjects (males = 19, females = 23) were randomly assigned to a QMT (n = 21) or control (CON) (n = 21) group for 8 weeks. Quadrupedal movement training consisted of 60-minute classes performed 2×·wk in addition to regular physical activity. Active range of motion, Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test (YBT), handgrip strength, and push-up endurance were assessed before and after the intervention. The QMT group showed significantly greater improvements than the CON group in FMS composite score (1.62 ± 1.53 vs. 0.33 ± 1.15, p = 0.004) and FMS advanced movements (0.81 ± 0.87 vs. 0.01 ± 0.71, p = 0.002) and fundamental stability (0.57 ± 0.75 vs. 0.05 ± 0.50, p = 0.011), along with hip flexion, hip lateral rotation, and shoulder extension (p < 0.05). No significant differences between groups were observed for dynamic balance or upper body strength and endurance. Our results indicate that QMT can improve FMS scores and various active joint ranges of motion. Quadrupedal movement training is a viable alternative form of training to improve whole-body stabilization and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Buxton
- Department of Exercise Science, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania.,Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah
| | - Philp J Prins
- Department of Exercise Science, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael G Miller
- Department of Human Performance and Health Education, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan
| | - Anthony Moreno
- School of Health Promotion and Human Performance, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan
| | - Gary L Welton
- Department of Psychology, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam D Atwell
- Department of Exercise Science, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania
| | - Tirzah R Talampas
- Department of Exercise Science, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania
| | - Gretchen E Elsey
- Department of Exercise Science, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania
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Alshammari F, Alzoghbieh E, Abu Kabar M, Hawamdeh M. A novel approach to improve hamstring flexibility: A single-blinded randomised clinical trial. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2019; 75:465. [PMID: 31061909 PMCID: PMC6495003 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v75i1.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hamstrings play a major role in body posture. Shortening or tightness of the hamstrings affects postural alignment and results in possible musculoskeletal pain. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach to improve hamstring flexibility in young adults. Method A single-blinded randomised clinical trial included 60 participants aged 18-24 with shortened hamstrings recruited from the Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan. The range of motion of knee extension was measured with the hip at 90° flexion using a simple goniometer to detect the level of hamstring flexibility. Participants received either a passive hamstring stretch (PS), followed by two sets of 10 tibial nerve neurodynamic technique (ND), or PS followed by three sets of 10 repetitions of active knee extension-quadriceps activation (QA), or PS only. Results There was a significant improvement of hamstring flexibility in the QA group compared to the PS group (13.4 ± 12.1° vs. 6.2 ± 6.4°, p = 0.05). There was a significant improvement in hamstring flexibility post-intervention compared to pre-intervention in the PS group by 6.2 ± 6.4 (30.5 ± 10.8° vs. 36.6 ± 9.5°, p = 0.001), ND group by 9.3 ± 6.2 (26.7 ± 10.9° vs. 36.0 ± 9.5°, p = 0.001) and QA group by 13.4 ± 12.1 (20.3 ± 9.0° vs. 33.4 ± 8.9°, p = 0.001). Conclusion Quadriceps muscle activation following passive stretching of the hamstrings appears to be superior to the PS and ND techniques in improving hamstring muscle flexibility. Clinical implications Quadriceps activation following passive hamstring stretching can be used in physiotherapy settings to improve hamstring muscle flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alshammari
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, School of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Eman Alzoghbieh
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, School of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Abu Kabar
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, School of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Hawamdeh
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, School of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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11
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Keller AV, Hainline C, Rees K, Krupp S, Prince D, Wood BD, Shum-Siu A, Burke DA, Petruska JC, Magnuson DSK. Nociceptor-dependent locomotor dysfunction after clinically-modeled hindlimb muscle stretching in adult rats with spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:267-276. [PMID: 30880143 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the course of investigating how common clinical treatments and adaptive technologies affect recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), we discovered that a clinically-modeled hindlimb stretching protocol dramatically, but transiently, reduces locomotor function. Nociceptive sensory input is capable of altering motor output at the spinal level, and nociceptive neurons are sensitized after SCI. Here we tested the hypotheses that stretch-induced locomotor deficits are dependent on nociceptive afferents by depleting TRPV1+ sensory afferents using capsaicin injections in neonatal rats. Following maturation, animals received 25g-cm contusive SCI at T10. After plateau of locomotor recovery at 6 weeks, daily stretching was performed for 3 weeks, followed by 2 weeks without stretch, and again for two additional weeks. Animals were sacrificed 2 h after the last stretching session for histological assessments. Consistent with previous findings, stretch-induced drops in locomotor function were observed in nociceptor-intact animals but were nearly absent in nociceptor-depleted animals. These functional changes were accompanied by corresponding increases in the number of c-Fos+ nuclei throughout the lumbar enlargement. As expected, nociceptor-depleted animals had very little CGRP+ axonal innervation of the dorsal horn. Nociceptor-intact stretched animals had significantly higher levels of CGRP+ as compared to non-stretched SCI rats, suggesting that stretching promoted intraspinal CGRP+ sprouting. These results indicate that stretch-induced locomotor dysfunction in animals with incomplete SCI involves C-fibers, adding a negative post-SCI role to their adaptive roles (e.g., bladder control), and suggesting that the clinical use of muscle stretching to combat contractures and spasticity may be unintentionally detrimental to locomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Keller
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, HSC A 1115, 500 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Casey Hainline
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kathleen Rees
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sarah Krupp
- Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, 511 South Floyd, Room 111, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniella Prince
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Brittney D Wood
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Alice Shum-Siu
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Darlene A Burke
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Petruska
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, 511 South Floyd, Room 111, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - David S K Magnuson
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, 511 South Floyd, Room 111, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, HSC A 1115, 500 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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12
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Gadomski SJ, Ratamess NA, Cutrufello PT. Range of Motion Adaptations in Powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:3020-3028. [PMID: 30204657 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gadomski, SJ, Ratamess, NA, and Cutrufello, PT. Range of motion adaptations in powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3020-3028, 2018-The aim of this study was to investigate range of motion (ROM) and training patterns in powerlifters. Upper- and lower-extremity passive ROMs were assessed through goniometry in 15 male powerlifters (35.3 ± 13.7 years) and 15 age-matched controls (34.9 ± 14.6 years). The Apley scratch test and modified Thomas test were used to assess ROM across multiple joints. Training frequency, stretching frequency, and exercise selection were recorded using questionnaires. Passive glenohumeral (GH) extension, internal rotation, and external rotation ROM were significantly decreased in powerlifters (p < 0.050). Powerlifters displayed decreased ROM in the Apley scratch test in both dominant (p = 0.015) and nondominant (p = 0.025) arms. However, knee extension angle was markedly improved in powerlifters (20.3 ± 7.3°) compared with controls (29.9 ± 6.2°; p < 0.001). Bench press and bench press variations accounted for 74.8% of all upper-body exercises, whereas back squat and deadlift accounted for 79.7% of all lower-body exercises in powerlifters' training programs. To determine whether existing ROM adaptations were seen in elite powerlifters, the powerlifting cohort was split into 3 groups based on Wilks score: <400 (low), 400-500 (intermediate), and >500 (high). GH ROM limitations were more pronounced in elite powerlifters (Wilks >500), who had more powerlifting experience (p = 0.048) and greater lean body mass (p = 0.040). Overall, powerlifters displayed decreased GH ROM, but increased hamstring ROM, after training programs that were heavily focused on the bench press, back squat, and deadlift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gadomski
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
| | - Paul T Cutrufello
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania
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13
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FJERSTAD BRANDONM, HAMMER ROGERL, HAMMER ADAMM, CONNOLLY GAVIN, LOMOND KARENV, O’CONNOR PAUL. Comparison of Two Static Stretching Procedures on Hip Adductor Flexibility and Strength. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2018; 11:1074-1085. [PMID: 30338021 PMCID: PMC6179425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that acute static stretching (SS) may increase flexibility, improve performance and reduce the risk of muscle strains, but may also result in decreased maximal force output. Literature review revealed little research had specifically been done on the most effective ways to stretch the hip adductor muscles. The purpose was to determine the effects that an acute bout of SS (active vs passive) has on hip adductor flexibility and maintenance of strength. Randomized cross-over study using a 3 × 2 (Condition X Time) repeated measures ANOVA statistical design. Forty healthy and physically active subjects (20 male and 20 female) that screened positive for limited flexibility in hip adductor range of motion (ROM) participated. Following a warm-up, baseline maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) and peak static ROM tests were administered. On separate days subjects randomly performed either 60 seconds of passive SS, active SS, or a time-matched control protocol before post measures were recorded for MVC and ROM. There was a significant time effect (p<0.001) that revealed both types of SS and control resulted in increased ROM pre-to-post (passive = 1.0; active = 1.1; control = 0.6 degrees) with no between condition differences (p=0.171). Neither type of SS resulted in reduced strength. Both methods minimally increased hip adductor flexibility without a decrease in force output. This suggests that individuals do not need to avoid SS for the hip adductors prior to engaging in physical activity for fear of a strength decrement.
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Affiliation(s)
- BRANDON M. FJERSTAD
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - ROGER L. HAMMER
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - ADAM M. HAMMER
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - GAVIN CONNOLLY
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - KAREN V. LOMOND
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - PAUL O’CONNOR
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
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14
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Aye T, Kuramoto-Ahuja T, Han H, Maruyama H. Comparison of immediate effects between two medical stretching techniques on Hamstrings flexibility. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1518-1521. [PMID: 28931979 PMCID: PMC5599812 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare immediate effects between new medical stretching (NMS) and conventional medical stretching (CMS) techniques on Hamstrings flexibility. [Subjects and Methods] Thirteen healthy adult males, with finger floor distance (FFD) less than zero centimeter, without known musculoskeletal and neurological impairment in spine or lower extremities, were included. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. The subjects were instructed to perform NMS and CMS (hold for 30 seconds once, twice for each side of lower extremity) for both sides (total two minutes, only one session for one day). The interval between the two techniques was one week. FFD was measured with digital standing trunk flexion meter at the pre-intervention and post-intervention of both techniques. [Results] The mean values of FFD improved at the post-interventions of both techniques. The tests of within subject effects indicated that the main effect of treatment was not significant but the main effect of time was significant and the interaction of treatment and time was also significant. [Conclusion] The results of this study indicated that both medical stretching techniques were effective on Hamstrings flexibility immediately after the intervention and NMS technique was more effective on improving flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanda Aye
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare: 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.,Department of Physiotherapy, University of Medical Technology, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Tsugumi Kuramoto-Ahuja
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare: 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Heonsoo Han
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare: 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare: 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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15
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Michaeli A, Tee JC, Stewart A. DYNAMIC OSCILLATORY STRETCHING EFFICACY ON HAMSTRING EXTENSIBILITY AND STRETCH TOLERANCE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12:305-313. [PMID: 28593083 PMCID: PMC5455180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While static stretch (SS), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and oscillatory physiological mobilization techniques are documented to have positive effects on a range of motion (ROM), there are no reports on the effect of dynamic oscillatory stretching (DOS), a technique that combines these three techniques, on hamstring extensibility. PURPOSE To determine whether DOS improves hamstring extensibility and stretch tolerance to a greater degree than SS in asymptomatic young participants. STUDY DESIGN Randomized Controlled Trial. METHODS Sixty participants (47 females, 13 males, mean age 22 ± 1 years, height 166 ± 6 centimeters, body mass 67.6 ± 9.7 kg) completed a passive straight leg (SLR) to establish hamstring extensibility and stretch tolerance as perceived by participants, using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (SS or DOS) or a placebo control (20 per group). Tests were repeated immediately following and one hour after each intervention. Data were assessed using a two-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS Immediately post-intervention, there was a significant improvement in the hamstring extensibility as measured by the SLR in both the SS and DOS groups, with the DOS group exhibiting a significantly greater increase than the SS group (Control 73 ± 12°, SS 86 ± 8°, DOS 94 ± 11°, p < 0.001). One hour post-intervention, hamstring extensibility in the DOS group remained elevated, while the SS group no longer differed from the control group (Control 73 ± 12°, SS 80 ± 8°, DOS 89 ± 12°, p = 0.001). Furthermore, the stretch tolerance remained significantly elevated for the SS group, but there was no difference between the control and DOS groups, (Control 4.6 ± 1.3, SS 5.9 ± 0.8, DOS 4.3 ± 1.0 AU, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION DOS was more effective than SS at achieving an immediate increase in hamstring extensibility, and DOS demonstrated an increased stretch tolerance one-hour post-intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aimee Stewart
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,
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16
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Kim YW, Chang WH, Kim NY, Kwon JB, Lee SC. Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Hamstring Tightness in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:644-649. [PMID: 28332373 PMCID: PMC5368153 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.3.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for healthy participants with hamstring tightness. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed at a university rehabilitation hospital. Twenty nine healthy adults with hamstring tightness were enrolled and randomly allocated into four groups (ESWT, stretching exercise, ESWT with stretching exercise, and control). The effects of individual treatments were compared by the finger-to-floor test and popliteal angle. RESULTS The ESWT group, stretching exercise group and ESWT with stretching exercise group had decreased finger-to-floor distances and right popliteal angles immediately after intervention, compared with the control group (p<0.05). At 4 weeks after completion of the interventions, finger-to-floor distances and the right popliteal angle in only the ESWT with stretching exercise group showed a significant improvement, compared with the control group (p=0.008 and 0.023). CONCLUSION While ESWT and stretching both reduced hamstring tightness immediately after interventions, only ESWT with stretching exercise maintained the significantly improved relief of hamstring tightness significantly after 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wook Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Young Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Beom Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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17
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Watanabe K, Otsuki S, Hisa T, Nagaoka M. Functional difference between the proximal and distal compartments of the semitendinosus muscle. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1511-7. [PMID: 27313362 PMCID: PMC4905901 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The tendinous inscription divides the semitendinosus muscle into the proximal and distal compartments. It was hypothesized that there are functional differences between those compartments. [Subjects and Methods] Seven adult males performed knee flexion and hip extension in the prone position. An ultrasound device measured the decrease in the length of muscle fibers in the two compartments during these movements. The knee and hip joint angles were concurrently measured using a video camera. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between the decrease in muscle fiber length in each compartment and joint angle. [Results] During knee flexion, decreased muscle fiber length was significantly correlated with increased knee flexion angle. During hip extension, there were no significant correlations for either compartment. Only the decrease in muscle fiber length in the distal compartment during hip extension tended to be negative; the other decreases in muscle fiber length tended to be positive. [Conclusion] Correlations did not reveal any functional differences. However, only the distal compartment elongated during hip extension. This result might show a functional difference and could be applied in clinical contexts during hip extension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takushi Hisa
- Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagaoka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School, Japan
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18
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Karasuno H, Ogihara H, Morishita K, Yokoi Y, Fujiwara T, Ogoma Y, Abe K. The combined effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and stretching on muscle hardness and pressure pain threshold. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1124-30. [PMID: 27190439 PMCID: PMC4868199 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the immediate effects of a combined transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and stretching protocol. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy young males volunteered to participate in this study. The inclusion criterion was a straight leg raising range of motion of less than 70 degrees. [Methods] Subjects performed two protocols: 1) stretching (S group) of the medial hamstrings, and 2) tanscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (100 Hz) with stretching (TS group). The TS group included a 20-minute electrical stimulation period followed by 10 minutes of stretching. The S group performed 10 minutes of stretching. Muscle hardness, pressure pain threshold, and straight leg raising range of motion were analyzed to evaluate the effects. The data were collected before transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (T1), before stretching (T2), immediately after stretching (T3), and 10 minutes after stretching (T4). [Results] Combined transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and stretching had significantly beneficial effects on muscle hardness, pressure pain threshold, and straight leg raising range of motion at T2, T3, and T4 compared with T1. [Conclusion] These results support the belief that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation combined with stretching is effective in reducing pain and decreasing muscle hardness, thus increasing range of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Karasuno
- Faculty of Social Work Studies, Division of Physical
Therapy, Josai International University, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuka Yokoi
- Koriyama Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Koriyama Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Ogoma
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, Japan
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