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Hedt C, Lambert B, Jackson JA, Brager E, Forbes G, Ankersen J, McCulloch P. Electromyography (EMG) Analysis of Multi-Regional Lower Extremity and Trunk Musculature During Sidelying Hip Abduction With Frontal Plane Stabilization. Cureus 2023; 15:e43523. [PMID: 37719509 PMCID: PMC10501417 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sidelying hip abduction (SHA) is a common exercise utilized in rehabilitation to strengthen the gluteus medius (GMed). Alterations in the exercise can produce different patterns of muscular activity. No studies have examined the effect of mechanical pelvic stabilization during SHA. This study enrolled 19 participants (male = 11, female = 8) who performed the same SHA exercise under two randomized conditions: standard and with a mechanical block to prevent frontal-plane movement. Electromyographic amplitudes during exercise were obtained through surface electrodes and compared against maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) testing: GMed, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, tensor fascia latae, quadratus lumborum, and vastus lateralis. While no significant differences were found in GMed activity during SHA with or without pelvic stabilization, reduced concomitant activation of other musculature was observed, potentially producing a more isolated exercise for the GMed with less compensatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Hedt
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Bradley Lambert
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Jordan A Jackson
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Erika Brager
- Physical Therapy, True Sports Physical Therapy, Timonium, USA
| | | | - Jordan Ankersen
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Patrick McCulloch
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
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Pour AE, Tung WS, Donnelley CA, Tommasini SM, Wiznia D. Hip Abduction Can Be Considered the Sole Posterior Precaution Strategy to Lower the Rate of Impingement After Posterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty With Large Femoral Head: A Computer Simulation Study. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:1385-1391. [PMID: 36709882 PMCID: PMC10257737 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that posterior hip precautions are unnecessary after total hip arthroplasty; however, many surgeons and patients choose to follow these precautions to some extent. In this study, we hypothesized that 20° of hip abduction would be sufficient to prevent impingement and dislocation in motions requiring hip flexion when using larger prosthetic heads (≥36 mm) when the acetabular implant is placed within a reasonable orientation (anteversion:15-25° and inclination: 40-60°). METHODS Using a robotic hip platform, we investigated the effect of hip abduction on prosthetic and bony impingement in 43 patients. For the flexed seated position, anterior pelvic tilt angles of 10 and 20° were chosen, while anterior pelvic tilt angles of 70 and 90° were chosen for the bending forward position. An additional 10° of hip external rotation and 10 or 20° of hip internal rotation were also added to the simulation. One hip received a 32-mm head; otherwise, 36-, 40-mm, or dual-mobility heads were used. The study power was 0.99, and the effect size was 0.644. RESULTS In 65% of the cases, bone-bone impingement between the calcar and anterior-inferior iliac spine was the main type of impingement. The absolute risk of impingement decreased between 0 and 16.3% in both tested positions with the addition of 20° hip abduction. CONCLUSION With modern primary total hip arthroplasty stems (low neck diameter) and an overall acceptable cup anteversion angle, small degrees of hip abduction may be the only posterior hip precaution strategy required to lower the risk of dislocation among patients. Future studies can potentially investigate the concept of personalized hip precautions based on preoperative computer simulations, utilized implants, hip-spine relations, and final implant orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Eslam Pour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06510
| | - Wei Shao Tung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06510
| | - Claire A Donnelley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06510
| | - Steven M. Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06510
| | - Daniel Wiznia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06510
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Abstract
Aims Computer-assisted 3D preoperative planning software has the potential to improve postoperative stability in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Commonly, preoperative protocols simulate two functional positions (standing and relaxed sitting) but do not consider other common positions that may increase postoperative impingement and possible dislocation. This study investigates the feasibility of simulating commonly encountered positions, and positions with an increased risk of impingement, to lower postoperative impingement risk in a CT-based 3D model. Methods A robotic arm-assisted arthroplasty planning platform was used to investigate 11 patient positions. Data from 43 primary THAs were used for simulation. Sacral slope was retrieved from patient preoperative imaging, while angles of hip flexion/extension, hip external/internal rotation, and hip abduction/adduction for tested positions were derived from literature or estimated with a biomechanical model. The hip was placed in the described positions, and if impingement was detected by the software, inspection of the impingement type was performed. Results In flexion, an overall impingement rate of 2.3% was detected for flexed-seated, squatting, forward-bending, and criss-cross-sitting positions, and 4.7% for the ankle-over-knee position. In extension, most hips (60.5%) were found to impinge at or prior to 50° of external rotation (pivoting). Many of these impingement events were due to a prominent ischium. The mean maximum external rotation prior to impingement was 45.9° (15° to 80°) and 57.9° (20° to 90°) prior to prosthetic impingement. No impingement was found in standing, sitting, crossing ankles, seiza, and downward dog. Conclusion This study demonstrated that positions of daily living tested in a CT-based 3D model show high rates of impingement. Simulating additional positions through 3D modelling is a low-cost method of potentially improving outcomes without compromising patient safety. By incorporating CT-based 3D modelling of positions of daily living into routine preoperative protocols for THA, there is the potential to lower the risk of postoperative impingement events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei S. Tung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Claire Donnelley
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aidin E. Pour
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel Wiznia
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Shen KH, Borrelli J, Gray VL, Rogers MW, Hsiao HY. Lower Limb Vertical Stiffness and Frontal Plane Angular Impulse during Perturbation-Induced Single Limb Stance and Their Associations with Gait in Individuals Post-Stroke. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.10.536288. [PMID: 37090545 PMCID: PMC10120673 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Background After stroke, deficits in paretic single limb stance (SLS) are commonly observed and affect walking performance. During SLS, the hip abductor musculature is critical in providing vertical support and regulating balance. Although disrupted paretic hip abduction torque production has been identified in individuals post-stroke, interpretation of previous results is limited due to the discrepancies in weight-bearing conditions. Objective To investigate whether deficits in hip abduction torque production, vertical body support, and balance regulation remain during SLS when controlling for weight-bearing using a perturbation-based assessment, and whether these measures are associated with gait performance. Methods We compared hip abduction torque, vertical stiffness, and frontal plane angular impulse between individuals post-stroke and healthy controls when SLS was induced by removing the support surface underneath one limb. We also tested for correlations between vertical stiffness and angular impulse during perturbation-induced SLS and gait parameters during overground walking. Results During the perturbation-induced SLS, lower hip abduction torque, less vertical stiffness, and increased frontal plane angular impulse were observed at the paretic limb compared to the non-paretic limb, while no differences were found between the paretic limb and healthy controls. Vertical stiffness during perturbation-induced SLS was positively correlated with single support duration during gait at the paretic limb and predicted self-selected and fast walking speeds in individuals post-stroke. Conclusions Reduced paretic hip abduction torque during SLS likely affects vertical support and balance control. Enhancing SLS hip abduction torque production could be an important rehabilitation target to improve walking function for individuals post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Hung Shen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - James Borrelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevenson University, MD, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vicki L. Gray
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark W. Rogers
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
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Vadász K, Varga M, Sebesi B, Hortobágyi T, Murlasits Z, Atlasz T, Fésüs Á, Váczi M. Frontal Plane Neurokinematic Mechanisms Stabilizing the Knee and the Pelvis during Unilateral Countermovement Jump in Young Trained Males. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:220. [PMID: 36612542 PMCID: PMC9819922 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) The unilateral countermovement jump is commonly used to examine frontal plane kinetics during unilateral loading and to identify athletes with an increased risk of lower limb injuries. In the present study, we examined the biomechanical mechanisms of knee and pelvis stabilization during unilateral vertical jumps. (2) Healthy males performed jumps on a force plate with the dominant leg. Activity of the dominant-side gluteus medius and the contralateral-side quadratus lumborum and erector spinae muscles was recorded with surface EMG. The EMG data were normalized to the EMG activity recorded during maximal voluntary isometric hip abduction and lateral trunk flexion contractions. During jumps, the propulsive impulse was measured, and the pelvis and thigh segmental orientation angles in the frontal plane were recorded and synchronized with the EMG data. (3) The magnitude of knee valgus during the jump did not correlate with hip abduction force, but negatively correlated with gluteus medius activity. This correlation became stronger when gluteus medius activity was normalized to hip abduction force. Propulsive impulse did not correlate with any neuromechanical measurement. (4) We conclude that hip abduction force itself does not regulate the magnitude of knee valgus during unilateral jumps; rather, the gluteus medius should be highly activated to increase frontal-plane knee joint stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Vadász
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Varga
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sebesi
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Murlasits
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Atlasz
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám Fésüs
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márk Váczi
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Moreno-Pérez V, Beato M, Del Coso J, Hernández-Davó JL, Soler A, Peñaranda-Moraga M, Madruga-Parera M, Romero-Rodríguez D. Intra and inter-tester reliability of a novel device to assess gluteal muscle strength in professional football players. Res Sports Med 2020; 30:156-168. [PMID: 33380214 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1868466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate inter-tester and intra-tester reliability of a novel clam test (CLAMT) for the measurement of gluteal muscle strength and to detect possible differences between CLAMT values in football players with and without a history of groin injuries. Twenty male football players participated in the test-retest and sixty-two male professional football players participated in the case-control study. Hip abductor maximal muscle strength was evaluated either using CLAMT or in a supine position with the hip in a neutral pose. For CLAMT, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter-tester-intra-day reliability was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90), with a standard error of measurement of 34.2 N. The intra-tester-intra-day ICC was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87-0.95), with a standard error of measurement of 23.6 N. The inter-week ICC was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92-0.98), with a standard error of measurement of 18.9 N. CLAMT showed lower (but not significant) strength values in football players with a history of groin injuries to non-injured players. CLAMT showed good to excellent levels of reliability, intraday and inter-week, with low standard errors of measurement while it was effective (possible) to identify residual weakness in players with previous groin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, San Joan, Spain
| | - Marco Beato
- School Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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Liu YH, Xu HW, Li YQ, Hong K, Li JC, Pereira B, Xun FX, Canavese F. Effect of abduction on avascular necrosis of the femoral epiphysis in patients with late-detected developmental dysplasia of the hip treated by closed reduction: a MRI study of 59 hips. J Child Orthop 2019; 13:438-444. [PMID: 31695810 PMCID: PMC6808074 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.13.190045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore whether increasing the hip abduction angle would increase the incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) in patients with late- detected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) treated by closed reduction (CR) and spica cast immobilization. METHODS A total of 55 patients (59 hips) with late-detected DDH underwent MRI after CR. Hip abduction angle and hip joint distance were measured on postoperative MRI transverse sections. The acetabular index and centre-edge angle were measured on plain radiographs at the last follow-up. The presence of AVN according to Kalamchi and McEwen's classification was assessed. We retrospectively analyzed the associations among abduction angles, hip joint distances, radiographic parameters, AVN and final outcomes, exploring the relationship between hip joint abduction angle and AVN rate. RESULTS The mean age at the time of CR was 14.4 months SD 5.5 (6 to 28), and the mean follow-up was 26.2 months SD 8.1 (12.4 to 41.7). The mean hip abduction angle was 70.2° SD 7.2° (53° to 85°) on the dislocated side and 63.7° SD 8.8° (40° to 82°) on the normal side; the mean hip joint distance was 5.1 mm SD 1.9 (1.3 to 9.1) on the dislocated side and 2.2 mm SD 0.6 on the normal side (1.3 to 3.3). Eight of 59 hips (13.6%) developed AVN. Neither the amount of abduction nor hip joint distance increased the AVN rate (p = 0.97 and p = 0.65, respectively) or the dislocation rate (p = 0.38 and p = 0.14, respectively). CONCLUSION Abduction angle up to 70.2° following CR did not increase the AVN rate in children aged six to 28 months with late-detected DDH treated by CR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. H. Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, GuangZhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - H. W. Xu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, GuangZhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y. Q. Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, GuangZhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - K. Hong
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, GuangZhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - J. C. Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, GuangZhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - B. Pereira
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Estaing, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - F. X. Xun
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, GuangZhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - F. Canavese
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, GuangZhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Estaing, Clermont Ferrand, France,Correspondence should be sent to F. Canavese, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, GuangZhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, 9th Jingshui Rd. Guangzhou, 510623, China. E-mail:
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FJERSTAD BRANDONM, HAMMER ROGERL, HAMMER ADAMM, CONNOLLY GAVIN, LOMOND KARENV, O’CONNOR PAUL. Comparison of Two Static Stretching Procedures on Hip Adductor Flexibility and Strength. Int J Exerc Sci 2018; 11:1074-1085. [PMID: 30338021 PMCID: PMC6179425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that acute static stretching (SS) may increase flexibility, improve performance and reduce the risk of muscle strains, but may also result in decreased maximal force output. Literature review revealed little research had specifically been done on the most effective ways to stretch the hip adductor muscles. The purpose was to determine the effects that an acute bout of SS (active vs passive) has on hip adductor flexibility and maintenance of strength. Randomized cross-over study using a 3 × 2 (Condition X Time) repeated measures ANOVA statistical design. Forty healthy and physically active subjects (20 male and 20 female) that screened positive for limited flexibility in hip adductor range of motion (ROM) participated. Following a warm-up, baseline maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) and peak static ROM tests were administered. On separate days subjects randomly performed either 60 seconds of passive SS, active SS, or a time-matched control protocol before post measures were recorded for MVC and ROM. There was a significant time effect (p<0.001) that revealed both types of SS and control resulted in increased ROM pre-to-post (passive = 1.0; active = 1.1; control = 0.6 degrees) with no between condition differences (p=0.171). Neither type of SS resulted in reduced strength. Both methods minimally increased hip adductor flexibility without a decrease in force output. This suggests that individuals do not need to avoid SS for the hip adductors prior to engaging in physical activity for fear of a strength decrement.
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Affiliation(s)
- BRANDON M. FJERSTAD
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - ROGER L. HAMMER
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - ADAM M. HAMMER
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - GAVIN CONNOLLY
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - KAREN V. LOMOND
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - PAUL O’CONNOR
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
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DeFrancesco CJ, Blumberg TJ, Chauvin NA, Sankar WN. An improved method for measuring hip abduction in spica after surgical reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Child Orthop 2017; 11:277-283. [PMID: 28904633 PMCID: PMC5584496 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.11.170038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Excessive in-spica abduction is a risk factor for oste-onecrosis after surgical reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The traditional method for radiographically measuring hip abduction using axial imaging does not reflect the true angle, which usually lies in an oblique plane. The purpose of this study was to describe a novel method for measuring true hip position using advanced imaging. METHODS A trigonometric model was derived to define hip position based upon the femoral axis angular deviation from midline as measured on axial and coronal sequences of MRI studies. In-spica MRIs of 28 hips having undergone surgery for DDH were reviewed. On two separate occasions, the same three raters measured the femoral axis deviation from mid-line on axial and coronal imaging. Abduction was estimated using the traditional method of measurement and our novel method. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed. RESULTS The methods yielded different estimates (p < 0.001). Inter- and intra-rater reliability were excellent for both methods (inter-rater ICC > 0.922, intra-rater ICC > 0.919). The traditional method is accurate at 90° of flexion, but it increasingly overestimates abduction as hip flexion decreases. All cases where hip flexion was ≤ 40° exhibited ≥ 10° of error. CONCLUSIONS Decreasing hip flexion in spica modifies the perceived angle of abduction as measured using axial imaging. This inaccuracy can be overcome through assessment of orthogonal views using our new approach, which is accurate and reliable. It should be considered for future research investigating the effects of in-spica hip position on outcomes of DDH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. DeFrancesco
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Orthopaedics, and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T. J. Blumberg
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N. A. Chauvin
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W. N. Sankar
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Correspondence should be sent to: Dr W. N. Sankar, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Orthopedics.3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Hammond AS, Johnson VP, Higham JP. Hip joint mobility in free-ranging rhesus macaques. Am J Phys Anthropol 2017; 162:377-384. [PMID: 27731892 PMCID: PMC5250560 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to test for differences in hip joint range of motion (ROM) between captive and free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), particularly for hip joint abduction, which previous studies of captive macaques have found to be lower than predicted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hip ROM was assessed following standard joint measurement methodology in anesthetized adult free-ranging rhesus macaques (n = 39) from Cayo Santiago, and compared with published ROM data from captive rhesus macaques (n = 16) (Hammond, , American Journal of Physical Anthropology). Significant differences between populations were detected using one-way analysis of variance (p < .05). RESULTS In a sample of pooled sexes and ages, free-ranging macaques are capable of increased hip abduction, flexion, and internal rotation compared with captive individuals. These differences in joint excursion resulted in free-ranging individuals having significantly increased ROM for hip adduction-abduction, rotation, flexion-extension, and the distance spanned by the knee during hip abduction. When looking at data for a smaller sample of age-matched males, fewer ROM differences are significant, but free-ranging males have significantly increased hip abduction, internal rotation, range of flexion-extension, and distance spanned by the knee during hip abduction compared with captive males of similar age. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that a spatially restrictive environment results in decreased hip mobility in cage-confined animals and ultimately limits the potential limb postures in captive macaques. These results have implications for selection of animal samples in model validation studies, as well as laboratory animal husbandry practices. KEYWORDS caging, Cayo Santiago, hip abduction, Macaca mulatta, nonhuman primate captive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Hammond
- Center for Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Victoria P. Johnson
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - James P. Higham
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Abstract
THE GLUTEUS MEDIUS (Gmed) IS AN IMPORTANT MUSCLE AND, IF WEAK, CAN CAUSE KNEE, HIP, OR LOWER-BACK PATHOLOGIES. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS METHODS OF Gmed STRENGTH ASSESSMENT, PROVIDES EXERCISES THAT TARGET THE Gmed BASED ON ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, PRESENTS HOW TO IMPLEMENT Gmed STRENGTHENING IN HEAVY RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAMS, AND EXPLAINS THE IMPORTANCE OF INCLUDING THESE EXERCISES IN THESE PROGRAMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James J Tufano
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;; Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Artur Golas
- Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland; and
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stastny P, Lehnert M, Zaatar A, Svoboda Z, Xaverova Z, Pietraszewski P. The Gluteus Medius Vs. Thigh Muscles Strength Ratio and Their Relation to Electromyography Amplitude During a Farmer's Walk Exercise. J Hum Kinet 2015; 45:157-65. [PMID: 25964819 PMCID: PMC4415828 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength ratio between hamstrings and quadriceps (H/Q) is associated with knee injuries as well as hip abductor muscle (HAB) weakness. Sixteen resistance trained men (age, 32.5 ± 4.2 years) performed 5 s maximal isometric contractions at 75° of knee flexion/extension and 15° of hip abduction on a dynamometer. After this isometric test they performed a Farmer’s walk exercise to find out if the muscle strength ratio predicted the electromyography amplitude expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The carried load represented a moderate intensity of 75% of the exercise six repetitions maximum (6RM). Electromyography data from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF) and gluteus medius (Gmed) on each leg were collected during the procedure. The groups selected were participants with H/Q ≥ 0.5, HQ < 0.5, HAB/H ≥ 1, HAB/H < 1, HAB/Q ≥ 0.5 and HAB/Q < 0.5. One way ANOVA showed that Gmed activity was significantly greater in the group with HAB/H < 1 (42 ± 14 %MVIC) as compared to HAB/H ≥ 1 (26 ± 10 %MVIC) and HAB/Q < 0.5 (47 ± 19 %MVIC) compared to HAB/Q ≥ 0.5 (26 ± 12 %MVIC). The individuals with HAB/H < 1 were found to have greater activation of their Gmed during the Farmer’s walk exercise. Individuals with HAB/Q < 0.5 had greater activation of the Gmed. Gmed strength ratios predict the muscle involvement when a moderate amount of the external load is used. The Farmer’s walk is recommended as an exercise which can strengthen the gluteus medius, especially for individuals with a HAB/H ratio < 1 and HAB/Q < 0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Stastny
- Palacky University in Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Tr. Miru 115, post. 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author: Peter Stastny, PhD, Palacky University in Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Tr. Miru 115, post. 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic, E-mail:
| | - Michal Lehnert
- Palacky University in Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Tr. Miru 115, post. 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Amr Zaatar
- Palacky University in Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Tr. Miru 115, post. 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Svoboda
- Palacky University in Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Tr. Miru 115, post. 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Xaverova
- Palacky University in Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Tr. Miru 115, post. 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Przemysław Pietraszewski
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport; The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice; Poland
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Abstract
There are currently no objective criteria to evaluate pediatric hypotonia. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify diagnostic criteria for assessing hypotonia in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Fifty-five subjects between the ages of 1 and 7 years with a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 were evaluated. A physical therapist recorded a subjective tone assessment and objective tone metrics, including ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension, hip abduction, triceps fat percentage, grip strength, and head lag during a pull-to-sit test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the presence of head lag paired with increased hip range of motion was a significant predictor of hypotonia. The presence of head lag on a pull-to-sit test paired with increased hip range of motion is an accurate predictor of hypotonia in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. These objective measures should be prospectively evaluated in other pediatric populations for their ability to predict hypotonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Soucy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lauren E Wessel
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne C Albers
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Courtney M Dunn
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Hammond AS. In vivo baseline measurements of hip joint range of motion in suspensory and nonsuspensory anthropoids. Am J Phys Anthropol 2014; 153:417-34. [PMID: 24288178 PMCID: PMC4023689 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hominoids and atelines are known to use suspensory behaviors and are assumed to possess greater hip joint mobility than nonsuspensory monkeys, particularly for range of abduction. This assumption has greatly influenced how extant and fossil primate hip joint morphology has been interpreted, despite the fact that there are no data available on hip mobility in hominoids or Ateles. This study uses in vivo measurements to test the hypothesis that suspensory anthropoids have significantly greater ranges of hip joint mobility than nonsuspensory anthropoids. Passive hip joint mobility was measured on a large sample of anesthetized captive anthropoids (nonhuman hominids = 43, hylobatids = 6, cercopithecids = 43, Ateles = 6, and Cebus = 6). Angular and linear data were collected using goniometers and tape measures. Range of motion (ROM) data were analyzed for significant differences by locomotor group using ANOVA and phylogenetic regression. The data demonstrate that suspensory anthropoids are capable of significantly greater hip abduction and external rotation. Degree of flexion and internal rotation were not larger in the suspensory primates, indicating that suspension is not associated with a global increase in hip mobility. Future work should consider the role of external rotation in abduction ability, how the physical position of the distal limb segments are influenced by differences in ROM proximally, as well as focus on bony and soft tissue differences that enable or restrict abduction and external rotation at the anthropoid hip joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Hammond
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M263 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, Missouri 65212
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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Brandt M, Jakobsen MD, Thorborg K, Sundstrup E, Jay K, Andersen LL. Perceived loading and muscle activity during hip strengthening exercises: comparison of elastic resistance and machine exercises. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2013; 8:811-819. [PMID: 24377067 PMCID: PMC3867074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decreased hip muscle strength is frequently reported in patients with hip injury or pathology. Furthermore, soccer players suffering from groin injury show decreased strength of hip muscles. Estimating 10-repetition maximum can be time-consuming and difficult, thus, using the Borg category rating 10 scale (Borg CR10 scale) can be a useful tool for estimating the intensity of exercise. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the feasibility of the use of the Borg CR10 scale for rating strength training intensity of the hip abductor and hip adductor muscles, and 2) to compare hip muscle activity during hip abduction and hip adduction exercises using elastic resistance and isotonic machines, using electromyography (EMG). METHODS EMG activity was recorded from 11 muscles at the hip, thigh and trunk during hip adduction and hip abduction exercises in 16 untrained women, using elastic resistance and isotonic exercise machines. These recordings were normalized to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) EMG (nEMG). The exercises were performed at four levels of perceived loading reported using the Borg CR10: light (Borg ≤2), moderate (Borg >2-<5), heavy (Borg ≥5-<7) and near maximum (Borg ≥7). RESULTS Moderate to strong associations were observed between perceived loading and nEMG obtained during the adduction exercise with elastic resistance (r=0.8±0.3) as well as in machine (r=0.69±0.55) and the abduction exercise with elastic resistance (r=0.66±0.29) as well as in machine (r =0.62±0.54). The abduction exercise performed with elastic resistance displayed significantly higher gluteus medius nEMG recruitment than the in machine exercise. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the Borg CR10 scale can be a useful tool for estimating intensity levels during resistance training of the hip adductor and hip abductor muscles. Although elastic resistance and exercise machine seem equally effective for recruiting muscle activity of the hip adductors, the elastic resistance condition was able to demonstrate greater muscle recruitment than the exercise machine during hip abduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Brandt
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kristian Thorborg
- Arthroscopic Centre Amager, Amager University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars L. Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen, Denmark
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Baldon RDM, Nakagawa TH, Muniz TB, Amorim CF, Maciel CD, Serrão FV. Eccentric hip muscle function in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Athl Train 2010; 44:490-6. [PMID: 19771287 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-44.5.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common knee condition in athletes. Recently, researchers have indicated that factors proximal to the knee, including hip muscle weakness and motor control impairment, contribute to the development of PFPS. However, no investigators have evaluated eccentric hip muscle function in people with PFPS. OBJECTIVE To compare the eccentric hip muscle function between females with PFPS and a female control group. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Musculoskeletal laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS two groups of females were studied: a group with PFPS (n = 10) and a group with no history of lower extremity injury or surgery (n = 10). INTERVENTION(S) Eccentric torque of the hip musculature was evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Eccentric hip abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation peak torque were measured and expressed as a percentage of body mass (Nm/kg x 100). We also evaluated eccentric hip adduction to abduction and internal to external rotation torque ratios. The peak torque value of 5 maximal eccentric contractions was used for calculation. Two-tailed, independent-samples t tests were used to compare torque results between groups. RESULTS Participants with PFPS exhibited much lower eccentric hip abduction (t(18) = -2.917, P = .008) and adduction (t(18) = -2.764, P = .009) peak torque values than did their healthy counterparts. No differences in eccentric hip external (t(18) = 0.45, P = .96) or internal (t(18) = -0.742, P = .47) rotation peak torque values were detected between the groups. The eccentric hip adduction to abduction torque ratio was much higher in the PFPS group than in the control group (t(18) = 2.113, P = .04), but we found no difference in the eccentric hip internal to external rotation torque ratios between the 2 groups (t(18) = -0.932, P = .36). CONCLUSIONS Participants with PFPS demonstrated lower eccentric hip abduction and adduction peak torque and higher eccentric adduction to abduction torque ratios when compared with control participants. Thus, clinicians should consider eccentric hip abduction strengthening exercises when developing rehabilitation programs for females with PFPS.
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Beers A, Ryan M, Kasubuchi Z, Fraser S, Taunton JE. Effects of Multi-modal Physiotherapy, Including Hip Abductor Strengthening, in Patients with Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome. Physiother Can 2008; 60:180-8. [PMID: 20145781 PMCID: PMC2792799 DOI: 10.3138/physio.60.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to quantitatively examine hip abductor strength in patients presenting with iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) and to determine whether a multi-modal physiotherapy approach, including hip abductor strengthening, might play a role in recovery. METHOD Our observational, pretest-posttest study is one of the first prospective studies in this area. Patients presenting to physiotherapy with unilateral ITBFS were recruited to participate. Participants followed a 6-week rehabilitation programme designed to strengthen hip abductors; strength was measured every 2 weeks using a hand-held dynamometer and compared bilaterally. RESULTS Sixteen subjects (five men, 11 women) aged 20 to 53 years participated. All but 2 reported running as one of their main physical activities. A trend toward a significant difference in hip abductor strength was found between the injured and uninjured sides at baseline, but this difference disappeared by 6 weeks. Hip abductor strength was significantly related to physical function at weeks 2, 4, and 6. Nine subjects were discharged from physiotherapy after the 6-week period, while the other 7 subjects continued attending for up to 5 months. CONCLUSIONS Hip abductor strengthening appeared to be beneficial in the treatment of ITBFS, but further research on the use of hip abductor strengthening for treatment and prevention of ITBFS is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Beers
- Amanda Beers, BHK, MPT, MCPA: New West Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Centre, New Westminster, British Columbia
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