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Neurogenic effects of rotarod walking exercise in subventricular zone, subgranular zone, and substantia nigra in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10544. [PMID: 35732806 PMCID: PMC9217938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, and its incidence is predicted to increase worldwide. Striatal dopamine depletion caused by substantia nigra (SN) degeneration is a pathological hallmark of PD and is strongly associated with cardinal motor and non-motor symptoms. Previous studies have reported that exercise increases neuroplasticity and promotes neurorestoration by increasing neurotrophic factors and synaptic strength and stimulating neurogenesis in PD. In the present study, we found that rotarod walking exercise, a modality of motor skill learning training, improved locomotor disturbances and reduced nigrostriatal degeneration in the subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. In addition, our exercise regimen improved MPTP-induced perturbation of adult neurogenesis in some areas of the brain, including the subventricular zone, subgranular zone, SN, and striatum. Moreover, rotarod walking activated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in these regions. The results suggest that motor skill learning training using rotarod walking improves adult neurogenesis and restores motor performance by modulating the AMPK/BDNF pathway. Therefore, our findings provide evidence for neuroprotective effects and improved neuroplasticity in PD through motor skill learning training.
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2
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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3
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Zhang J, Sun B, Yang J, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhang N, Li H, Shen L. Comparison of the effect of rotenone and 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6‑tetrahydropyridine on inducing chronic Parkinson's disease in mouse models. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:91. [PMID: 35039876 PMCID: PMC8809117 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) are very useful in understanding the pathogenesis of PD and screening for new therapeutic approaches. The present study compared two commonly used neurotoxin‑induced mouse models of chronic PD to guide model selection, explore the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying PD and develop effective treatments. The chronic PD mouse models were established via treatment with rotenone or 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 6 weeks. The effects of rotenone and MPTP in the mice were compared by assessing neurobehavior, neuropathology and mitochondrial function through the use of the pole, rotarod and open field tests, immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium‑binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba‑1), neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) and (p)S129 α‑synuclein, immunofluorescence for GFAP, Iba‑1 and NeuN, western blotting for TH, oxygen consumption, complex I enzyme activity. The locomotor activity, motor coordination and exploratory behavior in both rotenone and MPTP groups were significantly lower compared with the control group. However, behavioral tests were no significant differences between the two groups. In the MPTP group, the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, the reduction of the tyrosine hydroxylase content in the SN and striatum and the astrocyte proliferation and microglial activation in the SN were more significant compared with the rotenone group. Notably, mitochondrial‑dependent oxygen consumption and complex I enzyme activity in the SN were significantly reduced in the rotenone group compared with the MPTP group. In addition, Lewy bodies were present only in SN neurons in the rotenone group. Although no significant differences in neurobehavior were observed between the two mouse models, the MPTP model reproduced the pathological features of PD more precisely in terms of the loss of DA neurons, decreased dopamine levels and neuroinflammation in the SN. On the other hand, the rotenone model was more suitable for studying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction (deficient complex I activity) and Lewy body formation in the SN, which is a characteristic pathological feature of PD. The results indicated that MPTP and rotenone PD models have advantages and disadvantages, therefore one or both should be selected based on the purpose of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Bohao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Luxi Shen
- Department of Internal Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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van Rensburg D, Lindeque Z, Harvey BH, Steyn SF. Reviewing the mitochondrial dysfunction paradigm in rodent models as platforms for neuropsychiatric disease research. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:82-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Ferreira AFF, Binda KH, Real CC. The effects of treadmill exercise in animal models of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1056-1075. [PMID: 34688727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disabling brain disorder. Physical exercise has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of PD and, consequently, improve patient quality of life. Exercise mechanisms involved in beneficial effects on PD have been widely investigated. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the use of treadmill exercise in PD animal models. The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI databases. In total, 78 studies were included. The dopaminergic system, behavior, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, mitochondria, and musculoskeletal systems were some of the outcomes evaluated by the selected studies. Based on the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB tool, the methodologies revealed a high risk of bias and lack of information about study design, which needs attention for data reproducibility. This review can guide future studies that aim to fill existing gaps regarding the effects of treadmill exercise in PD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia F Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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6
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The impact of sesamol and exercise on striatal TNF-α level, motor behavior, aversive memory and oxidative stress status in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Marchetti B, Tirolo C, L'Episcopo F, Caniglia S, Testa N, Smith JA, Pluchino S, Serapide MF. Parkinson's disease, aging and adult neurogenesis: Wnt/β-catenin signalling as the key to unlock the mystery of endogenous brain repair. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13101. [PMID: 32050297 PMCID: PMC7059166 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A common hallmark of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases is an impairment of adult neurogenesis. Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin (WβC) signalling is a vital pathway for dopaminergic (DAergic) neurogenesis and an essential signalling system during embryonic development and aging, the most critical risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, there is no known cause or cure for PD. Here we focus on the potential to reawaken the impaired neurogenic niches to rejuvenate and repair the aged PD brain. Specifically, we highlight WβC-signalling in the plasticity of the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest germinal region in the mature brain innervated by nigrostriatal DAergic terminals, and the mesencephalic aqueduct-periventricular region (Aq-PVR) Wnt-sensitive niche, which is in proximity to the SNpc and harbors neural stem progenitor cells (NSCs) with DAergic potential. The hallmark of the WβC pathway is the cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, which enters the nucleus and associates with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors, leading to the transcription of Wnt target genes. Here, we underscore the dynamic interplay between DAergic innervation and astroglial-derived factors regulating WβC-dependent transcription of key genes orchestrating NSC proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. Aging, inflammation and oxidative stress synergize with neurotoxin exposure in "turning off" the WβC neurogenic switch via down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/Wnt-regulated signalosome, a key player in the maintenance of antioxidant self-defense mechanisms and NSC homeostasis. Harnessing WβC-signalling in the aged PD brain can thus restore neurogenesis, rejuvenate the microenvironment, and promote neurorescue and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Cataldo Tirolo
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | | | | | - Nunzio Testa
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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Palasz E, Wysocka A, Gasiorowska A, Chalimoniuk M, Niewiadomski W, Niewiadomska G. BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031170. [PMID: 32050617 PMCID: PMC7037114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. In animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), BDNF enhances the survival of dopaminergic neurons, improves dopaminergic neurotransmission and motor performance. Pharmacological therapies of PD are symptom-targeting, and their effectiveness decreases with the progression of the disease; therefore, new therapeutical approaches are needed. Since, in both PD patients and animal PD models, decreased level of BDNF was found in the nigrostriatal pathway, it has been hypothesized that BDNF may serve as a therapeutic agent. Direct delivery of exogenous BDNF into the patient’s brain did not relieve the symptoms of disease, nor did attempts to enhance BDNF expression with gene therapy. Physical training was neuroprotective in animal models of PD. This effect is mediated, at least partly, by BDNF. Animal studies revealed that physical activity increases BDNF and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression, leading to inhibition of neurodegeneration through induction of transcription factors and expression of genes related to neuronal proliferation, survival, and inflammatory response. This review focuses on the evidence that increasing BDNF level due to gene modulation or physical exercise has a neuroprotective effect and could be considered as adjunctive therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Palasz
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Wysocka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gasiorowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225892409
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da Costa Daniele TM, de Bruin PFC, de Matos RS, de Bruin GS, Maia Chaves C, de Bruin VMS. Exercise effects on brain and behavior in healthy mice, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease model-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112488. [PMID: 31991178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines how exercise modifies brain and behavior in healthy mice, dementia (D) and Parkinson disease (PD) models. A search was performed on the Medline and Scopus electronic databases (2008-2019). Search terms were "mice", "brain", "treadmill", "exercise", "physical exercise". In the total, 430 were found but only 103 were included. Animals n = 1,172; exercised 4-8 weeks (Range 24 h to 32 weeks), 60 min/day (Range 8-120 min per day), and 10/12 m/min (Range 0.2 m/min to 36 m/min). Hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum and whole brain were more frequently investigated. Exercise improved learning and memory. Meta-analysis showed that exercise increased: cerebral BDNF in health (n = 150; z = 5.8, CI 3.43-12.05; p < 0.001 I2 = 94.3 %), D (n = 124; z = 4.18, CI = 2.22-9.12; p < 0.001; I2 = 93.7 %) and PD (n = 16 z = 4.26, CI 5.03-48.73 p < 0.001 I2 = 94.8 %). TrkB improved in health (n = 84 z = 5.49, CI 3.8-17.73 p < 0.001, I2 = 0.000) and PD (n = 22; z = 3.1, CI = 2.58-67.3, p < 0.002 I2 = 93.8 %). Neurogenesis increased in health (n = 68; z = 7.08, CI 5.65-21.25 p < 0.001; I2 17.58) and D model (n = 116; z = 4.18, CI 2.22-9.12 p < 0.001 I2 93.7 %). Exercise augmented amyloid clearance (n = 166; z = 7.51 CI = 4.86-14.85, p < 0.001 I2 = 58.72) and reduced amyloid plaques in D models (n = 49; z = 4.65, CI = 3.94-15.3 p < 0.001 I2 = 0.000). In conclusion, exercise improved brain and behavior, neurogenesis in healthy and dementia models, reduced toxicity and cerebral amyloid. Evidence regarding inflammation, oxidative stress and energy metabolism were scarce. Studies examining acute vs chronic exercise, extreme training and the durability of exercise benefit were rare. Vascular or glucose metabolism changes were seldom reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Medeiros da Costa Daniele
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Sleep and Biological Rhythms Laboratory, UFC, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Brazil; Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR).
| | - Pedro Felipe Carvalhedo de Bruin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Sleep and Biological Rhythms Laboratory, UFC, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Brazil.
| | - Robson Salviano de Matos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Sleep and Biological Rhythms Laboratory, UFC, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Sales de Bruin
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Brazil; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, United States.
| | - Cauby Maia Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, UFC, Brazil.
| | - Veralice Meireles Sales de Bruin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Sleep and Biological Rhythms Laboratory, UFC, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Brazil.
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10
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Antidepressant-like and pro-neurogenic effects of physical exercise: the putative role of FNDC5/irisin pathway. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:355-370. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Loprinzi PD. Effects of Exercise on Long-Term Potentiation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:439-451. [PMID: 32342476 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, demonstrate evidence of impaired long-term potentiation, a cellular correlate of episodic memory function. This chapter discusses the mechanistic effects of these neuropsychiatric conditions on long-term potentiation and how exercise may help to attenuate these detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Exercise and Memory Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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Gronek P, Balko S, Gronek J, Zajac A, Maszczyk A, Celka R, Doberska A, Czarny W, Podstawski R, Clark CCT, Yu F. Physical Activity and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Aging Dis 2019; 10:1282-1292. [PMID: 31788339 PMCID: PMC6844593 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although age is a dominant risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), epidemiological studies have shown that physical activity may significantly decrease age-related risks for AD, and indeed mitigate the impact in existing diagnosis. The aim of this study was to perform a narrative review on the preventative, and mitigating, effects of physical activity on AD onset, including genetic factors, mechanism of action and physical activity typology. In this article, we conducted a narrative review of the influence physical activity and exercise have on AD, utilising key terms related to AD, physical activity, mechanism and prevention, searching the online databases; Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, and, subsequently, discuss possible mechanisms of this action. On the basis of this review, it is evident that physical activity and exercise may be incorporated in AD, notwithstanding, a greater number of high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed, moreover, physical activity typology must be acutely considered, primarily due to a dearth of research on the efficacy of physical activity types other than aerobic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gronek
- 1Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland
| | - Stefan Balko
- 2Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Gronek
- 1Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland
| | - Adam Zajac
- 3Department of Physical Education, University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Maszczyk
- 4Department of Methodology and Statistics, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Roman Celka
- 1Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Doberska
- 1Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czarny
- 5Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Human Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Towarnickiego 3, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Robert Podstawski
- 6Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Cain C T Clark
- 7Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Yu
- 8School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Yu X, Ma F, Cao X, Ma X, Hu C. Effects of the application of general anesthesia with propofol during the early stage of pregnancy on brain development and function of SD rat offspring and the intervention of DHA. Neurol Res 2019; 41:1008-1014. [PMID: 31573411 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1672381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of propofol used in early pregnancy on brain development and function of offspring, and further to explore the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intervention. Methods: Forty pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (C), propofol group (P), DHA intervention group (D), and propofol + DHA group (P + D). The DHA treatment was before propofol was administered. Morris water maze test was performed 30 days after delivery. The levels of amyloid beta (Aβ), IL-1β and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase-B (Trk-B), protein kinase B (Akt), p-Akt and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in hippocampus were detected by western blot. Results: The learning and memory abilities of the rats in P group were reduced. The levels of Aβ, IL-1β and ROS were increased, while the levels of BDNF, Trk-B and CREB, and p-Akt/Akt ratio were reduced. In addition, compared with P group, DHA in P + D group reversed or alleviated adverse changes caused by propofol. Conclusions: Application of general anesthesia with propofol during the early stage of pregnancy can negatively affect the brain development of the offspring to reduce the learning and memory ability, while DHA can reverse it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Yu
- Department of Neurology, 970th Hospital of the PLA , Yantai , China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Neurology, 404th Hospital of the PLA , Weihai , China
| | - Xingnian Cao
- Department of Neurology, 404th Hospital of the PLA , Weihai , China
| | - Xiaodi Ma
- Department of Neurology, 404th Hospital of the PLA , Weihai , China
| | - Chenhu Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, 970th Hospital of the PLA , Yantai , China
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Ricci G. Social Aspects of Dementia Prevention from a Worldwide to National Perspective: A Review on the International Situation and the Example of Italy. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:8720904. [PMID: 31583024 PMCID: PMC6754867 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8720904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At the moment, dementia is affecting around 47 million people worldwide, with a forecast amount of 135 million affected people in 2050. Dementia is a growing health concern worldwide with no treatment currently available, but only symptomatic medication. Effective interventions in the prevention and management of dementia are urgently needed to contain direct and indirect costs of this disease. Indeed, the economic impact of dementia is a vast and continually growing figure, but it is still difficult to quantify. Due to an increase in both the disease spreading and its direct and indirect costs, national and international action plans have to be implemented. As a virtuous example, the Italian national plan for dementia has been summarized. Faced with an increasingly less sustainable disease impact at national and international levels, the plan suggests that it is certainly the entire welfare model that should be rethought, strengthening the network of services and providing interventions to support affected people and their caregivers. Alongside this synergistic approach, scientific research could play a crucial role for pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments capable of delaying the state of loss of self-sufficiency of the patient, with a significant impact on social and health costs.
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Iggena D, Klein C, Rasińska J, Sparenberg M, Winter Y, Steiner B. Physical activity sustains memory retrieval in dopamine-depleted mice previously treated with L-Dopa. Behav Brain Res 2019; 369:111915. [PMID: 30998993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson's disease affects motor abilities as well as cognition. The gold standard therapy is L-Dopa, which mainly restores motor skills. Therefore, we require additional interventions to sustain cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease. The lifestyle intervention "physical activity" improves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and memory but so far, its impact has not been investigated in rodent models for Parkinson's disease previously treated with the standard therapy. We hereby asked whether physical activity serves as a pro-neurogenic and -cognitive stimulus in dopamine-depleted mice previously treated with L-Dopa. Therefore, we injected dopamine-depleted mice with L-Dopa/Benserazide followed either by exercise or by a sedentary lifestyle. We analysed adult hippocampal neurogenesis histologically and assessed spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Furthermore, we investigated the hippocampal and striatal monoaminergic cross-talk. Physical activity prevented memory decline and was linked to a slower dopamine turnover but did not enhance neurogenesis in dopamine-depleted mice previously treated with L-Dopa. In conclusion, physical activity did not develop its full pro-neurogenic potential in mice previously treated with L-Dopa but sustained spatial cognition in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iggena
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - C Klein
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Rasińska
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Sparenberg
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Winter
- Department of Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Rosa JM, Pazini FL, Olescowicz G, Camargo A, Moretti M, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Prophylactic effect of physical exercise on Aβ 1-40-induced depressive-like behavior: Role of BDNF, mTOR signaling, cell proliferation and survival in the hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109646. [PMID: 31078612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive impairments as well as non-cognitive symptoms such as depressed mood. Physical exercise has been proposed as a preventive strategy against AD and depression, an effect that may be related, at least partially, to its ability to prevent impairments on cell proliferation and neuronal survival in the hippocampus, a structure implicated in both cognition and affective behavior. Here, we investigated the ability of treadmill exercise (4 weeks) to counteract amyloid β1-40 peptide-induced depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior in mice. Moreover, we addressed the role of the BDNF/mTOR intracellular signaling pathway as well as hippocampal cell proliferation and survival in the effects of physical exercise and/or Aβ1-40. Aβ1-40 administration (400 pmol/mouse, i.c.v.) increased immobility time and reduced the latency to immobility in the forced swim test, a finding indicative of depressive-like behavior. In addition, Aβ1-40 administration also decreased time spent in the center of the open field and increased grooming and defecation, alterations indicative of anxiety-like behavior. These behavioral alterations were accompanied by a reduction in the levels of mature BDNF and mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation in the hippocampus. In addition, Aß1-40 administration reduced cell proliferation and survival in the ventral, dorsal and entire dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Importantly, most of these behavioral, neurochemical and structural impairments induced by Aβ1-40 were not observed in mice subjected to 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. These findings indicate that physical exercise has the potential to prevent the occurrence of early emotional disturbances associated with AD and this appears to be mediated, at least in part, by modulation of hippocampal BDNF and mTOR signaling as well as through promotion of cell proliferation and survival in the hippocampal DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Francis L Pazini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Olescowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
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Darwish B, Chamaa F, Al-Chaer ED, Saadé NE, Abou-Kheir W. Intranigral Injection of Endotoxin Suppresses Proliferation of Hippocampal Progenitor Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:687. [PMID: 31333405 PMCID: PMC6616074 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain inflammation can result in functional disorders observed in several neurodegenerative diseases and that can be also associated with reduced neurogenesis. In this study, we investigate the effect of mild inflammation, induced by unilateral injection of Endotoxin (ET) in the substantia nigra (SN)/Ventral Tegmental Area, on the proliferation and survival of stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Adult female rats received unilateral injection of ET (2 μg/2 μl saline) or sterile saline (2 μl) in the right SN followed by 5′-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) injections (66 mg/kg/injection). Intranigral ET injection induced bilateral decrease in the number of newly born BrdU positive cells in the DG. This effect was paralleled by a significant decrease in the exploratory behavior of rats, as assessed by the Y-maze novel arm exploration task. ET also induced a transient decrease in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the injected SN, impaired motor behavior, and caused microglial activation in the SN. This study provides an experimental simulation of the remote effects of moderate and reversible neuroinflammation resulting in impaired communication between midbrain dopaminergic neurons and the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Darwish
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Chamaa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie D Al-Chaer
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nayef E Saadé
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a prevalence rate of 1-2 per 1000 of the population worldwide. Pharmacological management is the mainstay of treatment. Despite optimal medication, motor impairment particularly balance and gait impairment persist leading to various degree of disability and reduced quality-of-life. The present review describes motor impairment including postural impairment, gait dysfunction, reduced muscle strength and aerobic capacity and falls. Physical therapy and complementary exercises have been proven to improve motor performance and functional mobility. Evidence on the efficacy of physical therapy and complementary exercises is presented in this review. These exercises include gait training with cues, gait training with treadmill, Nordic walking, brisk walking, balance training, virtual reality interventions, Tai Chi and dance. All these treatment interventions produce short-term beneficial effects and some interventions demonstrate long-term benefit. Gait training with treadmill enhance walking performance and the effects sustain for 3-6 months. Balance training improves balance, function and reduces fall rate, and these effects carry over to at least 12 months after training ended. Sustained Tai Chi for 6 months, dance therapy for 12 months, progressive resistive training for 24 months alleviates the PD motor symptoms, suggesting that they could slow down PD progression. Based on this evidence, individuals with PD are encouraged to sustain their training in order to improve/maintain their physical ability and to combat the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Y Mak
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Irene S K Wong-Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Mishra A, Singh S, Tiwari V, Parul, Shukla S. Dopamine D1 receptor activation improves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and exerts anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effect via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathways in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2018; 122:170-186. [PMID: 30500462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily characterized by midbrain dopamine depletion. Dopamine acts through dopamine receptors (D1 to D5) to regulate locomotion, motivation, pleasure, attention, cognitive functions and formation of newborn neurons, all of which are likely to be impaired in PD. Reduced hippocampal neurogenesis associated with dopamine depletion has been demonstrated in patients with PD. However, the precise mechanism to regulate multiple steps of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by dopamine receptor(s) is still unknown. In this study, we tested whether pharmacological agonism and antagonism of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor regulate nonmotor symptoms, neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and fate specification and explored the cellular mechanism(s) underlying dopamine receptor (D1 and D2) mediated adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rat model of PD-like phenotypes. We found that single unilateral intra-medial forebrain bundle administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) reduced D1 receptor level in the hippocampus. Pharmacological agonism of D1 receptor exerts anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects as well as enhanced NSC proliferation, long-term survival and neuronal differentiation by positively regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hippocampus in PD rats. shRNA lentivirus mediated knockdown of Axin-2, a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling potentially attenuated D1 receptor antagonist induced anxiety and depression-like phenotypes and impairment in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in PD rats. Our results suggest that improved nonmotor symptoms and hippocampal neurogenesis in PD rats controlled by D1-like receptors that involve the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Virendra Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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Crowley EK, Nolan YM, Sullivan AM. Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from rodent models. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 172:2-22. [PMID: 30481560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway, which leads to the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease - tremor, rigidity and postural instability. A number of non-motor symptoms are also associated with PD, including cognitive impairment, mood disturbances and dysfunction of gastrointestinal and autonomic systems. Current therapies provide symptomatic relief but do not halt the disease process, so there is an urgent need for preventative strategies. Lifestyle interventions such as aerobic exercise have shown potential to lower the risk of developing PD and to alleviate both motor and non-motor symptoms. However, there is a lack of large-scale randomised clinical trials that have employed exercise in PD patients. This review will focus on the evidence from studies on rodent models of PD, for employing exercise as an intervention for both motor and non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Crowley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Y M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - A M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
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21
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Abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis in Parkinson’s disease: relevance to a new therapeutic target for depression with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:943-954. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Ye Q, Yuan X, Zhou J, Yuan C, Yang X. Effect of Zishenpingchan granule prepared from Chinese medicinal substances on the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway in mice
with Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018; 37:244-51. [PMID: 29960635 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory mechanism of the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)
signaling pathway in substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons inflammation and apoptosis, and
the neuroprotective effect of Zishenpingchan granules in mice with Parkinson's disease (PD) induced
by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). METHODS PD model mice were established by intraperitoneally injecting MPTP. Sixty mice were divided
into a model group, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) group and control group. The mice of
the TCM group were administered Zishenpingchan granules 7 days before PD induction. Seven days after
PD induction, we examined locomotor activity, and performed the rotarod test and swimming test,
to evaluate limb movement function. Furthermore, we used immunohistochemistry and western blotting
to examine the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), caspase-3 and
p-JNK. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method
was used to examine neuron apoptosis in the SN. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the mean score of locomotor activity, rotarod test and
swimming test was significantly lower in the model group (P < 0.05); the TH-positive neuron expression
was significantly decreased in the SN pars compacta (SNpc); the protein expression levels of Cox-2,
caspase-3 and p-JNK was obviously increased; and the number of TUNEL-positive neurons in the SN
was increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mean score of neurobehavioral tests in
the TCM group was obviously higher, the loss of TH-positive neurons ignificantly decreased, the protein
expression levels of Cox-2, caspase-3 and p-JNK obviously decreased, and the number of TUNEL-
positive neurons in the SN clearly decreased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The JNK pathway plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and
apoptosis in nigral cells in PD mice. TCM can suppress the over-activation of the JNK pathway in the
SN, and alleviate the inflammatory response in nigral cells and dopaminergic neuron apoptosis in PD mice.
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23
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Hain EG, Sparenberg M, Rasińska J, Klein C, Akyüz L, Steiner B. Indomethacin promotes survival of new neurons in the adult murine hippocampus accompanied by anti-inflammatory effects following MPTP-induced dopamine depletion. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:162. [PMID: 29803225 PMCID: PMC5970532 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic cell loss and inflammation in the substantia nigra (SN) leading to motor deficits but also to hippocampus-associated non-motor symptoms such as spatial learning and memory deficits. The cognitive decline is correlated with impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis resulting from dopamine deficit and inflammation, represented in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP) mouse model of PD. In the inflammatory tissue, cyclooxygenase (COX) is upregulated leading to an ongoing inflammatory process such as prostaglandin-mediated increased cytokine levels. Therefore, inhibition of COX by indomethacin may prevent the inflammatory response and the impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS Wildtype C57Bl/6 and transgenic Nestin-GFP mice were treated with MPTP followed by short-term or long-term indomethacin treatment. Then, aspects of inflammation and neurogenesis were evaluated by cell counts using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical stainings in the SN and dentate gyrus (DG). Furthermore, hippocampal mRNA expression of neurogenesis-related genes of the Notch, Wnt, and sonic hedgehog signaling pathways and neurogenic factors were assessed, and protein levels of serum cytokines were measured. RESULTS Indomethacin restored the reduction of the survival rate of new mature neurons and reduced the amount of amoeboid CD68+ cells in the DG after MPTP treatment. Indomethacin downregulated genes of the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways and increased neuroD6 expression. In the SN, indomethacin reduced the pro-inflammatory cellular response without reversing dopaminergic cell loss. CONCLUSION Indomethacin has a pro-neurogenic and thereby restorative effect and an anti-inflammatory effect on the cellular level in the DG following MPTP treatment. Therefore, COX inhibitors such as indomethacin may represent a therapeutic option to restore adult neurogenesis in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G Hain
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Sparenberg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justyna Rasińska
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Klein
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Levent Akyüz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Ahlskog JE. Aerobic Exercise: Evidence for a Direct Brain Effect to Slow Parkinson Disease Progression. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:360-372. [PMID: 29502566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
No medications are proven to slow the progression of Parkinson disease (PD). Of special concern with longer-standing PD is cognitive decline, as well as motor symptoms unresponsive to dopamine replacement therapy. Not fully recognized is the substantial accumulating evidence that long-term aerobic exercise may attenuate PD progression. Randomized controlled trial proof will not be forthcoming due to many complicating methodological factors. However, extensive and diverse avenues of scientific investigation converge to argue that aerobic exercise and cardiovascular fitness directly influence cerebral mechanisms mediating PD progression. To objectively assess the evidence for a PD exercise benefit, a comprehensive PubMed literature search was conducted, with an unbiased focus on exercise influences on parkinsonism, cognition, brain structure, and brain function. This aggregate literature provides a compelling argument for regular aerobic-type exercise and cardiovascular fitness attenuating PD progression.
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26
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Crowley EK, Nolan YM, Sullivan AM. Neuroprotective effects of voluntary running on cognitive dysfunction in an α-synuclein rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 65:60-68. [PMID: 29407467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is no longer primarily classified as a motor disorder due to increasing recognition of the impact on patients of several nonmotor PD symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction. These nonmotor symptoms are highly prevalent and greatly affect the quality of life of patients with PD, and so, therapeutic interventions to alleviate these symptoms are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of voluntary running on cognitive dysfunction in an adeno-associated virus-α-synuclein rat model of PD. Bilateral intranigral administration of adeno-associated virus-α-synuclein was found to induce motor dysfunction and a significant loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, neither of which were rescued by voluntary running. Overexpression of α-synuclein also resulted in significant impairment on hippocampal neurogenesis-dependent pattern separation, a cognitive task; this was rescued by voluntary running. This was substantiated by an effect of running on neurogenesis levels in the dorsal dentate gyrus, suggesting that the functional effects of running on pattern separation were mediated via increased neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Crowley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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27
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Allan JL, McMinn D, Daly M. A Bidirectional Relationship between Executive Function and Health Behavior: Evidence, Implications, and Future Directions. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:386. [PMID: 27601977 PMCID: PMC4993812 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physically active lifestyles and other health-enhancing behaviors play an important role in preserving executive function into old age. Conversely, emerging research suggests that executive functions facilitate participation in a broad range of healthy behaviors including physical activity and reduced fatty food, tobacco, and alcohol consumption. They do this by supporting the volition, planning, performance monitoring, and inhibition necessary to enact intentions and override urges to engage in health damaging behavior. Here, we focus firstly on evidence suggesting that health-enhancing behaviors can induce improvements in executive function. We then switch our focus to findings linking executive function to the consistent performance of health-promoting behaviors and the avoidance of health risk behaviors. We suggest that executive function, health behavior, and disease processes are interdependent. In particular, we argue that a positive feedback loop may exist whereby health behavior-induced changes in executive function foster subsequent health-enhancing behaviors, which in turn help sustain efficient executive functions and good health. We conclude by outlining the implications of this reciprocal relationship for intervention strategies, the design of research studies, and the study of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Allan
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - David McMinn
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - Michael Daly
- Behavioural Science Centre, Stirling Management School, University of StirlingStirling, UK
- UCD Geary Institute, University College DublinDublin, Ireland
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Mendiola-Precoma J, Berumen LC, Padilla K, Garcia-Alcocer G. Therapies for Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2589276. [PMID: 27547756 PMCID: PMC4980501 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2589276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia associated with a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with a prevalence of 44 million people throughout the world in 2015, and this figure is estimated to double by 2050. This disease is characterized by blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and hypometabolism; it is related to amyloid-β peptide accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation as well as a decrease in acetylcholine levels and a reduction of cerebral blood flow. Obesity is a major risk factor for AD, because it induces adipokine dysregulation, which consists of the release of the proinflammatory adipokines and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines, among other processes. The pharmacological treatments for AD can be divided into two categories: symptomatic treatments such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and etiology-based treatments such as secretase inhibitors, amyloid binders, and tau therapies. Strategies for prevention of AD through nonpharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle interventions such as exercise, mental challenges, and socialization as well as caloric restriction and a healthy diet. AD is an important health issue on which all people should be informed so that prevention strategies that minimize the risk of its development may be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mendiola-Precoma
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - L. C. Berumen
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - K. Padilla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - G. Garcia-Alcocer
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
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